In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
2, June
2
01
9, pp.
636~
6
4
4
IS
S
N
: 2088-
86
94,
D
O
I
:
10.11
59
1
/ij
ped
s
.
v10
.
i
2.pp
6
36-
64
4
636
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
Develo
pment of square wave inverter usin
g DC/DC boost
converter
M
.
Z
.
A
i
h
s
an
1
,
N
.
I.
A
h
m
ad
2
,
W
. A.
M
u
st
a
f
a
3
, N.
A
. Rahman
4
,
J. A
. S
o
o
5
1,
2,
3
F
acul
t
y
o
f
Elect
rical
En
g
i
n
eerin
g T
echn
o
lo
gy
, U
niv
e
rs
i
t
y M
a
la
y
s
i
a
P
e
r
l
i
s
,
M
a
la
y
s
ia
4
S
cho
o
l
o
f
E
lectri
cal S
yst
e
m
Engi
neerin
g,
U
ni
ve
rs
it
y M
a
l
a
ysi
a
P
erli
s,
M
alays
i
a
5
I
ntel P
SG
P
IP
E, In
t
el Mal
aysia S
d
n.
B
hd, M
alaysi
a
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
No
v
1
8
,
2
018
Re
vise
d Jan
2
5
, 2019
A
c
c
e
pte
d
F
eb 17,
2
0
1
9
Th
is
p
aper
p
ro
po
ses
an
a
lt
ern
a
tive
to
po
lo
gy
o
f
an
i
n
v
ert
e
r
t
o
t
he
e
xi
sti
ng
to
po
lo
g
i
es
a
vailabl
e
i
n
t
h
e
m
a
rket.
A
pro
t
o
t
yp
e
is
i
n
t
en
ded
wit
h
t
h
e
pu
rpos
e
of
i
n
v
esti
ga
t
e
s
th
e
p
o
s
s
i
b
il
it
y
of
d
esig
n
i
ng
a
n
in
verter
u
s
i
n
g
two
Boost
Con
v
erters
.
Th
is
p
ro
ject
i
niti
ali
z
ed
w
it
h
a
s
e
ries
o
f
s
i
m
u
lati
o
ns
u
sing
M
a
tla
b
in
o
rder
t
o
det
e
r
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
f
eas
ibilit
y
of
t
he
p
ropos
e
d
t
o
pology.
T
h
e
n
e
x
t
s
t
e
p
is
t
he
d
esi
gn
a
n
d
dev
e
lo
pm
ent
o
f
t
h
e
p
ro
po
sed
pro
t
o
t
yp
e
w
h
ere
s
ui
tabl
e
elect
roni
cs
c
o
m
pon
ent
s
a
re
c
ho
sen
based
on
t
he
s
im
ulati
o
n
resu
l
t
.
A
P
I
C
m
i
cro
c
ont
ro
l
l
er
i
s
us
e
d
t
o
co
nt
rol
t
h
e
p
r
opo
sed
prot
ot
yp
e
w
h
ere
a
c
ont
rol
sch
e
m
e
i
s
creat
ed
b
ased
on
t
h
e
p
r
og
ramm
i
n
g
in
t
he
m
i
c
roco
ntro
ll
er.
Th
e
perf
o
r
man
ce
of
t
he
p
rop
o
sed
pro
t
o
t
yp
e
has
been
v
erifi
e
d
t
o
b
e
o
p
timum
by
sev
e
ral
p
r
acti
cal
t
esting
usi
ng
different
v
al
ues
of
capacit
o
r,
in
du
c
t
o
r
a
nd
d
u
t
y
cycl
e.
L
as
tl
y,
d
a
t
a
and
anal
ys
is
a
re
p
res
e
n
t
ed
i
n
a
p
r
op
er
m
an
n
e
r
ed
w
ay.
In
th
e
e
n
d,
t
h
i
s
pro
j
ect
i
n
t
end
s
t
o
prod
uce
st
epp
e
d-u
p
s
q
u
are
w
a
ve
o
ut
put
vo
lt
age
w
a
vef
o
rm
b
y
p
r
op
er
c
on
tro
lli
ng
o
f
two
Bo
ost
Con
v
ert
e
rs.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
Boos
t c
o
nver
t
e
r
H
a
r
m
onic
Inver
t
e
r
S
qua
re
w
ave
inver
t
er
S
w
itch
mode
p
ow
er
supp
l
y
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
M.
Z
.
A
i
hsan,
Fa
cult
y
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
rica
l
En
gine
erin
g
Tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Uni
v
ersi
ty
M
al
ays
i
a
Per
l
is,
Leve
l
1,
B
l
o
ck
N
o.
2
, U
n
iCi
t
i
A
l
a
m
C
a
m
pus
,
S
ung
a
i
C
huc
h
uh,
P
ada
ng
Be
sar, 021
0
0
P
er
l
i
s.
Em
ail:
zaid
@
u
n
ima
p
.e
du.
my
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
The
in
verter
i
s
k
now
n
as
a
t
y
p
e
of
e
lec
t
ro
nic
de
vic
e
w
h
ic
h
i
n
ve
rts
the
m
a
gni
tude
o
f
dire
c
t
c
urrent
(D
C)
i
np
ut
v
o
l
t
a
ge
o
r
curr
en
t
from
p
os
it
iv
e
to
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
and
v
i
c
e
-
versa
a
t
i
ts
o
u
t
pu
t
[
1
].
T
he
i
nver
t
e
d
D
C
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
o
r
cu
rre
n
t
a
t
t
h
e
o
utp
u
t
w
hi
c
h
h
av
ing
a
sa
me
c
ondu
c
t
i
n
g
p
e
r
i
od
f
o
r
ne
gat
i
ve
a
n
d
p
os
i
tive
ma
gni
t
ude
is
r
eco
gn
ize
d
a
s
symm
etrica
l
alt
e
r
n
at
i
ng
c
u
rr
ent
(AC).
To
b
e
ex
ac
tly,
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
ca
n
inve
rt
a
D
C
so
ur
ce
to
a
n
A
C
s
ourc
e
i
n
des
i
r
e
d
m
a
g
n
itude
a
nd
f
re
que
ncy
w
h
ic
h
e
v
e
n
t
u
a
l
l
y
t
ransf
e
r
power
from
a
DC
s
ource
t
o
a
n
A
C
loa
d
[
2].
The inve
r
t
er
a
lso k
n
o
w
n
a
s
a
D
C
t
o A
C
c
onve
rte
r
.
The
r
e
are
ma
ny
t
y
pes
of
c
omm
on
in
verter
s
t
o
p
o
l
o
gy
s
uc
h
a
s
h
a
l
f-
br
id
ge,
fu
l
l
-bri
dge,
s
q
uare
-w
ave
,
and
mo
di
fied
s
i
n
e
w
a
ve
i
n
v
e
rte
r
s
[3].
I
nve
rters
are
a
s
sem
b
le
d
f
rom
ele
c
tro
n
ic
s
w
itc
h
e
s
(
M
O
SFET,
I
G
B
T,
and
S
C
R)
,
in
d
u
ct
ors,
d
i
o
des,
a
nd
ca
pa
c
i
t
o
r
s
.
The
m
o
st
b
asic
w
av
e
f
orm
tha
t
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
by
a
n
i
nve
rter
i
s
t
h
e
squ
a
re
w
avef
o
r
m
for
vo
lt
a
g
e
and
c
u
r
r
ent
[3].
I
n
orde
r
to
g
e
t
a
p
u
re
s
i
n
us
oida
l
A
C
w
ave
f
orm
,
out
pu
t
f
i
l
t
er
i
s
in
t
r
od
uc
ed
t
o
t
h
e
in
ver
t
e
r
.
Th
e
o
u
t
p
ut
f
ilter
ha
s
t
o
b
e
desi
g
n
e
d
t
o
m
ee
t
th
e
spec
i
f
ica
t
io
n
r
e
qu
ired
f
or
t
h
e
l
o
a
d
in
t
he
a
s
p
ect
o
f
fre
que
nc
y,
t
o
t
al
h
arm
oni
c
d
i
s
t
ort
i
on,
v
ol
t
a
ge
magn
i
t
ud
e
,
c
u
r
re
n
t
m
ag
nitu
d
e
,
and
ef
fi
cie
n
cy
[4].
A
LC
l
o
w
-
pa
ss fi
l
t
e
r
i
s
im
p
lem
e
n
t
ed
as
t
o
pr
ogress
i
ve
ly
f
i
lter th
e
o
u
t
pu
t of i
nve
rter for a be
tter a
n
d
low
e
r
to
t
a
l
harm
on
ic
d
is
tor
tio
n
(T
H
D
)
l
e
v
el
[
5]
.
D
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
w
id
e
l
y
us
ed
o
f
s
o
la
r
pa
ne
l,
u
n
i
nter
ru
pti
b
le
p
ow
e
r
sup
p
l
i
es
(
UPS),
a
d
justa
b
le
-s
peed
a
c
m
o
t
o
r
dri
v
es
a
nd
r
u
n
n
i
ng
a
c
a
p
p
li
anc
e
s
fr
om
a
n
au
tomo
b
ile
b
a
t
ter
y
,
in
verter
p
la
ys
i
m
por
tan
t
r
o
l
e
s
t
o
sup
p
o
rt
e
ver
y
A
C
so
ur
c
e
a
p
p
l
i
ca
ti
o
n
[
6
]
.
The
t
opo
l
o
gie
s
o
f
in
ver
t
e
r
h
a
v
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
e
v
e
lo
pm
en
t o
f
sq
uare
wav
e
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
us
in
g D
C
/
D
C
boos
t c
onve
r
ter
(M.
Z
.
Aihsa
n
)
63
7
incre
a
se
d
s
i
nc
e
the
t
r
e
nd
ha
s
gr
eat
ly
m
o
v
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
re
new
a
ble
e
n
erg
y
a
nd
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
ag
e
di
r
ect
c
u
r
rent
(
HVDC)
pow
er
transm
i
ssi
on [
6
].
2.
PROJE
C
T BACKGRO
UND
Th
is
p
a
p
er
e
n
t
itle
d
D
e
si
g
n
a
nd
D
e
vel
o
pme
n
t
of
a
S
q
u
ar
e
Wave
I
n
v
e
r
te
r
using
Con
v
e
r
ters.
In
t
hi
s
pape
r,
t
w
o
B
o
o
s
t
C
o
n
v
e
r
ters
i
s
u
s
e
d
a
n
d
c
o
nnec
t
e
d
t
o
a
c
o
mm
on
l
o
a
d.
B
oos
t
C
o
nvert
er
s
con
v
ert
a
DC
l
eve
l
in
put
v
o
l
tage
t
o
a
n
o
t
her
D
C
l
e
v
e
l
o
utp
u
t
v
olta
ge
s
te
ppe
d
-
up
D
C
leve
l
ou
t
p
u
t
vol
ta
ge
.
The
in
ver
t
er
i
s
an
elec
tr
on
i
c
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
t
ha
t
c
o
nver
t
s
a
D
C
i
n
p
u
t
v
ol
ta
ge t
o
a
n
A
C
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
ta
ge [3],
w
h
ic
h p
r
od
uce
s
a
n al
te
rna
t
i
n
g
squ
a
re
s
ha
ped
ou
tpu
t
v
olta
g
e
w
ave
f
orm
.
T
he
c
once
p
t
o
f
t
he
r
e
s
e
a
rc
h
i
s
c
ombi
n
i
ng
t
w
o
B
oost
Co
n
v
e
r
ters
w
h
ic
h
are
c
onn
e
c
ted to
a
c
o
m
m
on
l
o
ad to
gi
ve
a
n
in
ve
rter-
like
o
u
t
pu
t
v
o
lta
ge
w
avef
orm
.
T
he
e
xp
ec
t
e
d
re
sult
is
a
s
qua
re
w
ave
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
tage
w
a
v
ef
orm
that
i
s
a
st
eppe
d-u
p
v
o
l
ta
ge
l
e
v
e
l
t
ha
t
has
bo
th
p
os
i
tive
a
n
d
nega
t
i
ve
p
o
r
t
i
ons
o
f
the
v
o
l
t
a
ge
b
y
pr
ope
r
c
o
n
t
ro
lli
n
g
o
f
t
w
o
B
o
o
s
t
C
on
ve
rters.
T
he
a
lt
e
r
na
t
i
ve
i
n
v
er
t
e
r
to
pol
o
gy t
h
a
t
d
esigne
d a
nd
de
vel
o
ped
i
n
t
h
i
s
st
ud
y is
n
am
ed
a
s
S
qua
re
W
ave
B
oos
t
Inver
t
e
r
(S
W
BI)
.
2.1.
Prob
lem
statem
en
t
The
de
si
der
a
t
u
m
of
e
ffic
ien
t
i
n
v
er
ters
w
h
i
c
h
u
se
d
to
c
o
nve
rt
D
C
e
n
e
rgy
t
o
c
on
v
e
nt
io
nal
AC
f
o
r
m
has inc
r
ea
se
d [8]
. Thi
s
pr
ojec
t
pr
o
pose
s
a
p
ro
to
type
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
p
u
r
po
se
of i
n
v
e
st
i
g
a
tin
g a
n
d pro
v
i
d
es a
l
t
e
r
n
a
ti
ve
t
o
p
o
l
og
i
e
s
o
f
a
n
in
v
e
rt
er
t
o
c
o
nv
e
r
t
th
e
D
C
v
ol
t
a
g
e
t
o
A
C
v
ol
t
a
ge.
In
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
,
Boos
t
Co
nve
r
t
e
r
i
s
implem
e
n
te
d
i
n
t
he
i
n
v
erte
r
t
o
c
o
nver
t
D
C
vo
l
t
age
to
A
C
vo
l
t
a
g
e
.
Th
e
imp
l
ement
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
B
o
ost
C
onv
e
r
t
e
r
in
an
i
nve
rter
c
an
p
ro
v
i
de
s
te
p
-
up
o
p
er
at
ion
m
ode
w
here
t
he
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
lta
ge
v
ar
ies
ac
c
o
rd
in
g
to
t
he
m
ode
o
f
opera
tio
n
a
nd
it
a
ls
o
c
a
n
b
e
use
d
t
o
c
o
nt
r
o
l
the
fr
e
que
nc
y
of
t
he
o
utp
u
t
vo
l
t
age
[9-1
0].
In
o
rder
t
o
m
a
ke
i
t
w
o
rks,
a
p
rop
e
r
cons
idera
t
i
on
i
n
d
es
i
gn
and
de
ve
lo
pi
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
i
nver
t
e
r
such
a
s
choo
si
n
g
t
h
e
su
it
ab
le
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
a
r
e
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
.
B
e
s
i
d
e
s
t
h
a
t
,
a
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
c
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
ro
p
o
s
e
d
in
verter
h
a
s
t
o
be
c
onf
igu
r
ed
i
n
order
to
p
ro
vi
d
e
e
ithe
r
s
t
e
ppe
d-d
o
w
n
o
r
ste
p
ped-
up
s
q
u
ar
e
w
a
ve
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
olta
ge
w
ave
f
orm
of
t
he
i
n
v
ert
e
r
.
A
crit
ica
l
e
va
l
u
a
t
io
n is t
he
n
perf
o
r
me
d to sc
r
ut
inize
t
h
e
perf
o
r
m
a
n
ce
of
t
he
p
rop
o
sed
i
nve
rt
er.
2.2.
D
e
sign
con
si
d
e
r
a
ti
on
I
n
o
rder
t
o
pe
rform
ana
l
ysis
o
n
a
B
oost
I
nve
rter,
first
l
y
th
e
B
o
o
st
C
o
n
v
e
r
ter
is
a
s
s
um
ed
t
o
be
i
dea
l
and
lossle
s
s
d
u
ri
ng
t
h
e
s
t
e
a
dy-s
t
ate
ope
rat
i
o
n
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
two
s
ub
i
n
ter
v
a
l
s
t
h
at
i
n
vol
v
e
t
he
a
na
ly
si
s
w
h
ic
h
r
e
f
e
r
r
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
s
w
i
t
c
h
a
n
d
d
i
o
d
e
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
D
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
D
C
o
u
t
p
ut
v
ol
t
a
ge
o
f
the
Boos
t
c
o
nve
r
t
er
t
ha
t
depe
n
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
i
nd
uc
tor
a
v
e
r
age
v
o
l
t
a
ge
a
nd
c
urren
t
,
t
h
e
ana
l
y
s
is
o
f
c
u
rre
nt
a
n
d
v
o
lta
ge
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
c
tor
is
c
a
rri
e
d
out
duri
n
g
t
h
e
t
w
o
su
bi
nt
erv
a
ls,
wh
i
c
h
a
r
e
re
f
e
rred
as
the
s
w
itc
hi
n
g
p
e
r
iod
d
u
ri
n
g
o
n
a
nd
o
f
f,
respe
c
t
i
ve
l
y
[
2]
.
The
sw
itch
i
ng
freq
u
e
n
c
y
i
s
def
i
ne
d
a
s
t
he
p
er
io
d
o
f
t
he
s
w
i
t
c
h
to
t
urn
o
n
a
nd
of
f
i
n
t
h
e
Boos
t
C
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
w
h
ere
Tsw
i
s
t
he
p
e
r
i
o
d
of
o
ne
c
omp
l
ete
co
n
duc
t
i
o
n
c
y
c
l
e
and
f
sw
i
s
t
h
e
switching
fre
que
nc
y
of
t
h
e
c
irc
u
it.
T
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
i
n
t
e
r
va
l
m
u
st
c
o
n
sider
t
h
e
f
und
amen
t
a
l
fre
qu
en
cy
o
f
th
e
i
n
v
e
rt
e
r
waveform
.
1
sw
s
w
f
T
(1)
T
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
c
l
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
w
i
t
c
h
,
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
o
n
t
i
m
e
w
i
l
l
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
t
he
i
n
d
u
ct
or
a
vera
ge
v
o
lta
ge
a
nd
curr
ent o
f
t
he c
on
verter
and
i
t
can
b
e
det
e
rm
ined
by
t
h
e fo
ll
ow
i
ng e
qua
t
i
o
n
:
o
s
V
d
V
(2)
C
o
n
t
i
n
u
ous
C
on
d
u
c
t
i
on
M
o
de
(
C
C
M
)
f
or
B
o
o
s
t
C
o
nver
t
e
r
s
is
d
e
s
i
r
a
bl
e
for
m
o
s
t
o
f
the
D
C
-
D
C
c
o
nv
e
r
si
on
a
ppl
i
catio
n
s
[
7
]
.
Th
e
mi
ni
mu
m
va
l
u
e
o
f
i
nd
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
i
s
c
a
l
cu
la
te
d suc
h
tha
t
t
h
e
in
d
u
ct
or cur
rent,
I
L
,
fl
ow
s
co
nt
inu
o
u
s
l
y
ab
o
v
e
ze
ro.
I
n
o
r
d
er
w
ords,
th
e
b
o
unda
ry
o
f
C
C
M
is
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
ne
d
by
the
va
lue
o
f
I
ma
x
and
I
mi
n
.
Thus,
the
minim
u
m
ind
u
c
t
a
nce,
L
mi
n
,
i
s
f
o
r
m
u
la
te
d
b
y
mi
n
in
o
u
t
i
n
L
s
w
out
VV
V
L
If
V
(3)
The
ou
t
p
ut
c
a
p
aci
ta
nc
e
th
a
t
d
eter
mi
ne
t
h
e
o
u
t
pu
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
rip
p
le
w
h
i
ch
d
es
ired
b
y
t
h
e
des
i
g
n
ers
is
gi
ve
n by
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 2
,
Ju
n
e
2
019
:
6
3
6
–
6
44
63
8
(m
ax
)
D
ou
t
s
wo
u
t
I
C
f
V
(4
)
F
o
r
the
outp
u
t
s
ec
t
i
o
n
,
the
inv
e
r
t
er
a
r
e
c
onne
cte
d
t
o
t
h
e
low
p
ass LC fil
ter
whe
r
e
i
t
r
equir
e
s
some
c
a
lcu
l
a
t
io
n an
d
t
h
e
m
a
in e
q
u
at
io
n is g
i
v
en b
y
1
2
c
f
RC
(
5
)
2.
3.
D
e
sign p
erspe
c
tives
The
desi
g
n
a
s
p
ec
t
i
s
b
ase
d
o
n
the
c
o
m
p
rom
i
se
d
of
e
ver
y
e
l
ectro
n
ics
c
o
m
p
one
n
t
t
ha
t
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
in
t
he
S
M
PS.
Th
e
d
e
sig
n
e
r
h
a
s
to
c
h
o
o
s
e
ev
ery
c
o
mp
on
en
t
by
r
eferr
i
ng
t
o
the
speci
fic
a
t
i
on
neede
d
.
The
r
e
are
no
r
u
l
e
s
for
a
de
si
gner
to
c
h
oos
e spe
c
i
f
i
c
e
l
ec
tr
o
n
i
c
c
omp
o
n
e
n
t
s
b
ut
t
he
d
e
s
ig
ne
r
has
to
a
t
r
a
de-
o
f
f
betw
e
e
n
s
ize
,
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
and
c
o
st
o
f
the
D
C
-
D
C
con
v
e
r
ter
s
[
7]
.
The
r
i
pp
le
c
ur
r
e
nt
i
n
t
h
e
i
ndu
c
t
or
i
s
com
m
onl
y
c
h
o
s
en
t
o
be
3
0%
o
f
t
h
e
l
o
a
d
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
w
h
i
c
h
s
a
m
e
a
s
the
r
i
p
p
l
e
v
o
l
ta
ge
.
The
sw
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
fr
e
que
nc
y
i
s
a
lw
ays
c
h
ose
n
t
o
b
e
at
a
h
i
g
he
r
va
lue
w
h
ic
h
pr
efe
r
a
b
l
y
g
r
e
a
t
e
r
tha
n
2
5
kH
z.
T
he
i
n
d
u
c
t
or
i
s
usua
l
l
y
se
le
c
t
e
d
w
h
i
c
h
h
a
v
in
g
12
5%
h
ighe
r
tha
n
t
he
v
a
l
ue
o
f
mi
n
i
mum
i
ndu
c
t
an
ce
v
a
l
u
e
t
o
p
r
e
v
ent
t
h
e
C
C
M
go
es
t
o
DC
M
whil
e
fo
r
t
h
e
c
apa
c
i
t
a
nce
va
l
u
e
ha
s
to
c
ho
ose
hi
g
h
e
r
va
lue
th
an
t
he
m
inim
um
v
al
u
e
i
n
or
der
t
o
s
moot
h
the
r
i
p
p
le
v
o
l
t
ag
e
.
B
oth
co
mpon
ent
s
h
av
e
t
o
b
e
sel
e
c
t
ed
w
i
t
h
a
ppr
opr
ia
t
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
a
n
d
v
ol
t
a
ge
r
ati
ng
[
7
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
ge
ne
r
a
te
t
he
I
n
v
e
r
t
er
o
ut
p
u
t
v
o
l
ta
ge
f
r
o
m
the
com
b
i
na
ti
on
o
f
tw
o
B
oos
t
con
v
er
t
e
r
,
t
he
pr
ope
r
sw
i
t
c
h
ing
sc
hem
e
n
ee
ds
t
o
be
d
ec
ide
d
a
s
m
e
nt
i
o
n
e
a
r
lier
as
t
he
d
e
s
i
r
ed
f
u
ndam
e
nta
l
f
r
e
que
nc
y
for
t
h
e
in
ver
t
e
r
i
s
50
H
z
.
3.
CONTROL
SCHEME
Ther
e
a
r
e
var
i
e
s
o
f
a
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
sc
hem
e
f
or
i
nve
r
t
er
s
uc
h
a
s
p
ul
se
w
i
d
th
m
od
ula
t
io
n
(
P
WM)
a
n
d
sin
u
s
oi
d
a
l
pu
l
s
e
wi
dt
h
mo
dula
t
i
o
n
(S
PW
M
)
i
n
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
g
en
era
t
e
o
u
t
pu
t
w
a
vef
o
r
m
o
f
t
h
e
in
ve
r
t
er
w
h
i
ch
i
s
m
o
r
e
s
i
n
u
s
o
i
d
a
l
l
i
ke
.
T
h
e
co
ntr
o
l
sc
he
me
n
ot
o
n
l
y
can
r
educ
e
th
e
fil
t
er
r
equ
i
re
me
nts
but
it
a
l
s
o
c
an
c
on
tro
l
the
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
ol
t
a
ge
a
m
p
li
tude
.
T
h
e
o
n
l
y
d
i
s
a
dva
n
t
a
g
e
s
a
r
e
t
he
c
o
mp
le
x
o
f
a
c
on
t
r
ol
c
ir
c
u
i
t
f
or
t
h
e
s
w
itc
hes
a
nd
i
n
cr
easi
ng
sw
itc
h
i
n
g
l
oss
e
s
bu
t
th
is
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
c
a
n
b
e
r
e
duce
d
by
us
i
n
g
t
h
e
pr
ogr
a
m
m
a
ble
co
n
t
r
o
ll
er
s
uc
h
a
s
p
er
i
p
he
r
a
l
i
n
te
gr
ate
d
c
ir
cu
it
(
P
I
C
)
a
nd
a
f
i
e
l
d-
pr
o
g
r
a
m
m
able
g
ate array
(FPG
A
)
[1
2
]
.
In
o
rder
t
o
m
a
in
ta
in
t
he
d
es
i
r
ed
o
u
t
pu
t
vo
lt
age
o
v
er
a
l
arge
r
a
nge
o
f
in
pu
t,
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
m
e
t
h
od
o
f
P
W
M
ca
n
ge
n
e
r
a
te
a
m
o
d
i
f
i
e
d
s
q
u
a
r
e
w
a
ve
w
hi
c
h
b
a
s
e
d
on
th
e
am
p
l
it
ud
e
m
o
d
u
la
ti
on
i
n
th
e
PW
M
[1
1]
.
Th
e
m
odi
f
i
ed
s
q
u
ar
e
w
a
ve
i
n
v
er
te
r
s
c
an
e
lim
ina
t
e
har
m
onic
s
c
o
n
te
n
t
w
h
i
c
h
d
e
pen
d
s
on
the
l
e
ve
l
of
t
he
m
o
d
i
f
ied
s
q
u
a
r
e
w
a
v
e
.
F
o
r
a
3
-
l
e
v
e
l
m
o
d
i
f
i
e
d
s
q
u
a
r
e
w
a
v
e
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
,
i
t
c
a
n
r
e
duc
e
TH
D
to
23.
8
%
f
r
o
m
a
squa
r
e
w
a
v
e
w
h
ic
h
is
4
5%
i
n
TH
D
[
3
]
.
F
igur
e
1
show
s
a
n
e
x
a
m
p
le
o
f
3-
l
e
ve
l
m
o
d
if
ied
si
ne-
w
ave
in
ve
r
t
er
s
out
p
u
t
vo
lta
g
e
wav
e
fo
r
m
.
F
i
gur
e
1.
M
o
d
i
f
ie
d
sq
ua
r
e
w
a
v
e
in
ver
t
e
r
s
w
a
vef
o
r
m
3.
1.
Pro
p
o
s
ed in
v
ert
er desi
g
n
I
n
S
WBI
,
t
w
o
B
oos
t
Co
nver
t
e
r
s
w
i
l
l
b
e
use
d
a
n
d
c
on
nec
t
e
d
t
o
a
c
om
mo
n
l
o
ad
w
h
i
c
h
ill
us
tr
ate
d
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
is
c
onne
c
t
i
o
n
w
i
l
l
b
e
pr
o
d
u
c
e
d
a
s
quar
e
w
ave
f
or
m
w
h
e
n
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
a
l
te
r
n
ate
l
y
wh
i
c
h
resem
b
le
s
an
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
e
ve
l
o
pm
e
n
t
o
f
sq
uare
wave
i
n
ve
rte
r
us
i
n
g
D
C
/D
C bo
os
t c
onve
r
ter
(
M
.
Z
.
Aihsa
n
)
63
9
in
ver
t
e
r
.
F
i
gur
e
3
show
s
tha
t
t
he
p
r
o
pose
d
c
ir
c
u
it
d
esi
g
n
to
f
o
r
m
a
n
in
ver
t
er
f
r
o
m
the
bo
os
t
c
o
nver
t
er
c
i
r
cu
it.
The
ad
d
iti
on
of
t
w
o
M
O
S
FETs
a
t
t
h
e
e
n
d
of
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
nver
t
er
w
her
e
S
3
a
nd
S
4
t
o
ens
u
r
e
t
h
e
a
l
t
e
r
na
tio
n
p
r
o
c
e
ss
c
a
n
b
e
mad
e
b
e
t
we
en
p
o
s
iti
v
e
a
nd
n
eg
ati
v
e
cy
cl
e
.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ica
t
i
o
n
of
s
w
i
tc
hi
n
g
i
s
sh
ow
n
i
n
T
a
b
le
1
a
b
o
v
e.
T
he
s
w
itc
h
i
ng
pat
t
er
n
is
s
e
l
e
c
te
d
to
b
e
i
n
h
ig
h
swit
c
h
i
n
g
s
t
a
t
e
f
o
r
bo
os
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
as
t
he
n
a
t
ur
e
o
f
bo
os
t
c
onve
r
t
e
r
n
ee
ds
a
h
i
g
h
sw
i
t
c
h
in
g
fr
e
que
nc
y
to
l
e
v
el
up
th
e
l
o
w vo
lt
age
in
to
a
h
igh
e
r leve
l of
v
o
l
t
a
ge
.
Ta
b
l
e
1.
Calc
u
l
a
ti
o
n
o
f
par
a
me
ter
of
c
ompo
n
e
nts
Pa
r
a
m
e
te
r
V
a
l
u
e
Duty
c
yc
le
0
.
7
5
Re
si
stor
100
Ω
Ca
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
1.
5
uF
I
n
d
u
c
t
or
95
uH
Fre
que
n
c
y
B
o
o
s
t c
onve
r
t
e
r
= 100kH
z
(MO
SFE
T
1
&
2)
Inve
rte
r
=
50H
z
(MO
SFE
T
3
&
4)
I
n
p
u
t
12
V
dc
Output
S
qua
re
w
a
v
e
48
V
ac
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
. Blo
ck
d
ia
g
r
am o
f the p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
inverter
F
i
gur
e
3.
B
l
o
c
k
d
i
a
gr
am
o
f
th
e
pr
op
ose
d
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
4.
RESU
L
T
S
S
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
the
be
st
t
o
o
l
dur
in
g
s
t
ud
y
pha
se
a
s
t
h
e
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
f
u
n
c
t
i
on
a
lit
y
ca
n
b
e
t
e
s
t
e
d
b
e
f
o
r
e
pr
o
c
ee
din
g
t
o
the
r
e
al
h
a
r
dw
a
r
e.
F
or
t
hi
s
p
a
per
,
M
A
TLA
B
S
i
mu
l
i
n
k
t
o
ol
a
u
se
d
t
o
s
i
m
ul
a
t
e
t
h
e
m
o
di
f
i
ed
c
o
n
t
r
o
ller
for
t
h
i
s
B
oo
st
I
n
v
e
r
ter
circ
uit
an
d
a
l
l
the para
me
t
e
r
of t
he
c
omp
one
n
t
s
uc
h
a
s
R
ds
o
n
a
t
t
h
e
M
O
S
F
E
T
a
r
e
set
w
e
l
l
a
t
the
si
m
u
lat
i
on
page
a
c
c
or
di
n
g
to
t
he
d
a
t
a
s
he
et
of
t
he
c
om
pone
n
t
s.
4.
1.
S
i
mula
tio
n
result using
MA
TL
AB S
imulin
k
O
n
t
he
c
on
tr
o
l
l
e
r
sec
t
i
o
n,
t
h
e
m
ain
cir
c
u
i
t
nee
d
e
d
t
w
o
t
ype
s
c
o
ntr
o
l
l
i
n
g
sc
hem
e
w
he
r
e
t
he
b
oost
c
o
n
v
erter
circ
uit
ne
e
d
a
h
i
g
h
switc
h
i
n
g
s
tate
o
f
10
0
kHz
a
s
t
o
dr
i
v
e
t
h
e
MO
S
F
ET
fr
om
a
l
ow
vol
ta
ge
l
e
v
e
l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 2
,
Ju
n
e
2
019
:
6
3
6
–
6
44
64
0
i
n
to
a
h
ig
h
e
r
vo
lt
a
g
e
mag
n
i
t
ud
e
.
T
h
e
s
eco
nd
swi
t
c
hi
ng
s
c
h
e
m
e
n
e
eds
a l
o
w
sw
itch
i
n
g
o
f
50
H
z
t
o
e
n
s
u
r
e
t
ha
t
the
ge
ne
r
a
te
d
vo
l
t
a
g
e
ca
n
a
l
t
e
r
n
ate
betw
ee
n
a
pos
i
tive
a
n
d
ne
ga
t
i
ve
s
i
d
e.
T
he
a
dva
n
t
age
of
t
h
i
s
t
o
p
o
lo
gy
as
i
t
i
s
j
ust
u
s
ed
t
he
s
wi
t
c
hi
n
g
in
terv
a
l
o
f
50
H
z
co
mp
are
d
t
o
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
on
al
H
-
b
r
i
dge
i
n
v
e
r
ter
tha
t
u
se
d
hi
g
h
switc
h
i
n
g
s
tat
e
.
High
sw
i
t
c
h
in
g
sta
t
e
w
i
l
l
lea
d
t
o
a
hi
g
h
s
w
itc
hi
n
g
l
o
s
s
[
1
3]
.
Tab
l
e
2
de
mo
ns
tr
a
t
e
s
t
he
switc
h
i
n
g
sta
te
n
eede
d
for
ea
c
h
M
O
SFE
T for the
ma
i
n
c
irc
u
i
t
.
Table
2
. Switch
i
ng
state
f
o
r
M
OS
FET
P
o
we
r
sw
ith
c
e
s
S
w
i
t
c
hing
f
r
e
que
ncy
C
o
n
d
i
tion
MOS
F
ET 1
(
S
1
)
100
kH
z
H
i
gh
Sw
itc
hing
St
a
t
e
MOS
F
ET 2
(
S
2
)
100
kH
z
MOS
F
ET 3
(
S
3
)
50
H
z
L
ow
S
w
i
t
c
hi
ng
S
t
a
te
MOS
F
ET 4
(
S
4
)
50
H
z
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
a
bov
e d
e
mo
n
s
t
r
at
e
th
e
pu
l
s
es
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
ed
f
o
r
M
OSFE
T
S1
u
n
t
il MOSF
ET
S4
.
Th
e pul
ses
ar
e
ge
ner
a
t
e
d
ba
se
d
on
t
he
f
u
n
d
a
me
nt
a
l
f
r
e
qu
enc
y
o
f
5
0
H
z
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
ne
c
omp
l
e
t
e
c
y
c
l
e
a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
of
t
he
in
ver
t
e
r
i
s
0.
0
2
s
ec
on
ds.
The
hig
h
s
w
i
t
c
hing
s
t
a
t
e
of
1
0
0
k
H
z
d
rivi
n
g
the
M
O
SFET
S
1
from
0
u
n
til
0.0
1
se
co
nd
a
nd
it
i
s
s
e
t
t
o
of
f
sta
t
e
betw
e
e
n
0
.
0
1
un
t
i
l
0.
0
2
a
s
t
o
l
e
t
t
h
e
s
e
c
o
n
d
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
o
f
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
o
p
e
r
a
t
e
a
t
t
hat
tim
e.
I
n
a
d
d
i
t
i
on,
t
he
s
w
i
t
c
hin
g
s
che
m
e
of
M
O
S
F
E
T
S
3
S
4
i
s
pur
pose
l
y
de
si
gne
d
e
x
ac
t
l
y
to
b
e
tur
n
e
d
on
a
n
d
t
u
r
n
e
d
o
ff
e
xac
t
l
y
a
t
0.
0
1
a
n
d
0
.
0
2
sec
o
n
d
s
as
t
o
e
n
sur
e
t
h
e
a
lt
ern
a
ti
ng
p
ro
cess
i
s
succ
ess
f
u
l
ly
a
chie
ve
d.
T
he
s
a
m
e
seque
nci
n
g
is
d
eve
l
o
p
e
d
f
or
t
he
h
ar
dw
a
r
e
sec
t
i
o
n
b
u
t
u
s
i
ng
the
m
i
cr
oc
o
n
t
r
o
lle
r
pr
ogr
am
ming
The
be
ha
vi
or
o
f
b
oost in
v
e
r
t
er
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
ge
s
how
n
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
5
a
bo
v
e
w
he
r
e
it
sh
ow
s
tha
t
t
he inp
ut
vo
l
t
age
is
12
V
D
C
a
n
d
t
he
o
u
t
pu
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
al
ter
n
a
t
e
b
e
tw
ee
n
+
4
4
V
D
C
a
nd
-
44
V
D
C
.
Th
i
s
r
es
ul
t
ha
s
som
e
di
st
or
t
i
o
n
w
he
r
e
t
he
r
esu
l
t
s
h
o
u
l
d
ge
t
a
p
p
r
ox
ima
t
e
l
y
a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
be
tw
ee
n
+
4
8
V
D
C
a
nd
-
4
8
V
D
C
.
This
be
ha
v
i
or
is d
u
e
to som
e
vo
lta
ge
dr
op
i
n
th
e
c
om
po
ne
nt,
e
spec
i
a
l
l
y
a
t t
h
e
ca
paci
t
o
r
.
I
t c
a
n
be
obse
r
ve
d
tha
t
t
h
e
sw
itc
h
i
n
g
i
s
su
cc
essf
ul
l
y
a
lter
n
a
t
e
be
t
w
ee
n
0
.
01
a
nd
0.
0
2
s
e
c
on
ds.
F
i
gur
e
4.
C
o
n
tr
ol
l
e
r
sc
hem
e
f
or
boost
in
ve
r
t
er
c
ir
cuit
F
i
gur
e
5.
S
im
ul
a
t
ion
r
e
su
l
t
s
o
f
s
qua
r
e
w
ave
bo
os
t
i
nver
t
er
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
e
ve
l
o
pm
e
n
t
o
f
sq
uare
wave
i
n
ve
rte
r
us
i
n
g
D
C
/D
C bo
os
t c
onve
r
ter
(
M
.
Z
.
Aihsa
n
)
64
1
4.
2.
Co
ntro
l
l
er
secti
o
n
I
n
t
h
i
s
pr
o
j
ec
t,
I
RF
54
0
w
a
s
chose
n
a
s
the
M
O
S
F
ETs
t
o
c
o
n
s
tr
uc
t
the i
n
v
e
r
t
er
.
Base
d
o
n
I
R
F
540,
t
he
ga
t
e
-
t
o-
s
our
ce
v
o
lta
ge,
V
g
s
is
20V
,
ther
e
f
o
r
ga
t
e
d
r
i
ver
s
a
r
e
ne
eded
t
o
dr
ive
fo
ur
u
n
it
of
M
O
S
F
E
Ts
a
s
show
n in
F
i
gur
e
6.
T
he
c
i
r
cu
i
t
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
s of
4
u
ni
t
s
o
f M
O
S
F
E
Ts t
o
g
e
t
her
w
i
t
h
4 uni
ts
o
f
ga
t
e
d
r
i
ver
s
.
The
g
a
te
dr
ive
r
c
on
f
i
g
u
r
a
ti
o
n
c
om
es
w
i
t
h
H
C
P
L
3
81
0
opt
oc
ou
pler
t
o
is
ol
a
t
e
t
h
e
m
a
in
c
irc
u
it
an
d
t
h
e
co
n
t
ro
ller
c
i
rc
uit
f
o
r
sa
fet
y
p
ur
p
o
ses.
T
he
c
a
p
a
c
itor
s
u
se
d
ar
e
the
ele
c
tr
ol
yt
ic
t
ype
s
a
s
i
t
i
s
m
or
e
sui
t
a
b
le
f
or
p
ow
er
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
pur
pose
s
.
F
i
gur
e
6.
D
e
v
elo
p
e
d
boos
t
i
n
ver
t
e
r
F
i
gur
e
7
show
s
the
pu
lses
g
e
n
er
a
t
e
d
b
y
the
ga
te
d
r
i
ver
th
at
c
on
t
r
o
l
l
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
P
I
C
m
i
c
r
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
in
jec
t
e
d
i
n
t
o
switc
hi
n
g
d
e
v
ic
e
s
f
or
c
on
t
r
o
l
l
i
n
g
p
a
r
al
le
l
b
oos
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
.
F
o
r
t
h
e
s
i
n
g
l
e
s
t
a
g
e
,
t
h
e
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
u
s
e
d
w
as
1
0
0
k
H
z
a
nd
t
h
e
cyc
l
e
w
a
s
sa
me
w
it
h
hi
g
h
s
w
i
tc
hi
n
g
f
or
p
ar
al
le
l
boos
t
c
o
nver
t
e
r
c
ir
c
u
it
co
nt
r
o
l
.
I
n
p
a
r
a
l
l
e
l
mod
e
,
th
e
hi
gh
s
w
i
t
c
hi
ng
c
o
unt
t
o
ac
hi
e
v
e
0.
01s
f
or
h
al
f
c
y
c
l
e
w
a
s
ca
lc
ula
t
e
d
t
o
ma
ke
sur
e
t
he
h
igh
s
w
itc
hi
n
g
w
i
ll
s
i
mul
t
a
n
e
ous
l
y
o
n
an
d
of
f
w
i
t
h
i
t
l
o
w
s
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
s
a
m
e
t
e
r
m
w
a
s
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
t
o
a
n
o
t
he
r
h
a
l
f
c
y
c
le.
F
i
gur
e
7
a
r
e
the gener
a
ted
pu
l
s
e
s
for
t
he f
o
u
r
u
n
its of
M
O
SFETs
a
nd i
t
i
s
t
h
e
com
b
ina
t
i
o
n
of
h
i
gh
sw
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
an
d
low
sw
it
c
h
ing
s
t
a
t
e.
Figure
7.
G
ene
r
ated
c
o
n
tro
l
s
che
m
e
A
s
s
how
n
ab
o
v
e
the
ge
ner
a
te
d
i
nver
t
e
r
o
u
t
pu
t
v
o
lta
ge
f
r
o
m
the
p
rop
o
se
d
ca
sc
ade
d
t
w
o
u
ni
ts
o
f
a
bo
os
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
te
r
.
I
t
i
s
w
el
l
kn
ow
n
a
s
i
n
g
le
b
oos
t
c
o
nver
t
e
r
c
an
boo
st
u
p
a
DC
vol
t
a
g
e
t
o
a
h
i
gh
e
r
l
ev
el
.
As
show
n
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
8
,
C
h
a
nne
l
1
disp
la
ye
d
the
inp
u
t
v
o
lta
ge
a
ppr
ox
im
ate
l
y
1
3
.
6
V
dc
t
h
u
s f
o
r
m
in
g i
n
t
o
5
2
.
8 V
a
c
sq
ua
r
e
w
a
v
e
ou
tpu
t
vol
t
a
g
e
a
s
di
sp
l
a
y
e
d
on
C
h
a
nn
el
2
.
C
o
mp
a
r
ed
to
s
i
m
u
l
ati
on
re
sul
t
s
i
n
F
i
gu
re
5
a
b
o
v
e
,
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 2
,
Ju
n
e
2
019
:
6
3
6
–
6
44
64
2
sha
p
e
o
f
t
he
r
e
s
u
lt
is
a
lmos
t
the
sam
e
b
u
t
t
he
v
a
l
ue
o
f
ou
t
p
u
t
vo
lt
ag
e
i
s
s
l
i
ghtl
y
h
ig
h
e
r
co
mp
are
d
t
o
th
e
sim
u
la
ti
on
a
s
t
he
d
igi
t
a
l
s
c
ope
r
ea
d
the
m
a
ximum
/
am
p
lit
ude
o
f
t
he
o
u
t
put
v
ol
ta
ge
.
I
n
F
igur
e
8,
i
t
i
s
no
t
i
cea
b
l
e
t
h
a
t
t
here
i
s
a
vo
lt
age
sp
i
k
e
at
t
he
b
e
g
i
n
n
i
ng
of
t
h
e
s
q
uar
e
w
ave
.
W
it
h
a
pr
op
e
r
r
ea
di
n
g
a
n
d
i
g
nor
e
the
v
o
l
ta
ge
s
p
i
ke,
the
val
u
e
of
o
u
t
pu
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
is
a
lt
e
r
na
te
b
et
ween
+48
VDC an
d
-4
8
VDC.
The
pro
p
o
se
d
inve
r
t
er
w
ill
un
d
erg
o
h
ar
mon
i
c
perform
ance
a
s
to
p
r
ogr
ess
i
vel
y
o
bser
ve the
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
the
c
o
m
b
ina
t
i
on
of
D
C
/
D
C
B
oos
t
c
o
nve
r
t
er
t
ow
ar
ds
t
h
e
h
a
r
m
oni
c
p
e
rform
ance
o
f
t
h
e
in
ve
rter.
Fi
gur
e
9
de
mon
s
tr
ate
s
t
he
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
sp
ec
t
r
um
u
sing
F
F
T
by
usi
ng
Te
kt
r
o
n
i
x
T
P
S
2014
D
i
gita
l
O
s
ci
llosc
ope
.
F
i
gur
e
8.
I
npu
t
a
nd
ou
t
p
u
t
v
olta
ge
f
or
B
o
o
s
t
I
nver
t
er
Fi
g
u
re
9
.
H
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
re
s
u
lt
s
The
va
lue
of
h
arm
o
n
i
c
in
t
he
d
e
v
el
o
p
ed
b
o
o
s
t
i
nver
t
er
a
rou
n
d
4
8
.8%
whi
c
h
is
s
li
ght
l
y
h
ig
h
e
r
c
o
mpa
r
ed
t
o
the
n
o
rm
al
s
qu
a
r
e
wave
i
nver
t
er
m
entio
n
ea
rli
e
r
whe
re
i
t
sh
ou
l
d
b
e
in
t
he
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
45%.
Th
e
va
lue
o
f
h
arm
onic
is
s
ti
l
l
a
c
cepta
ble
as
t
he
d
i
f
fere
nce
o
f
r
ang
e
is
j
ust
3
%
.
Thi
s
c
i
r
c
u
it
i
s
n
e
xt
t
est
e
d
with
L
C
fi
lt
e
r
t
o
fi
lt
e
r
ing
th
e
squ
ar
e
w
a
ve
out
p
u
t
vo
ltag
e
.
The
va
l
u
e
o
f
L
an
d
C
a
r
e
d
e
c
i
d
e
d
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
th
e
v
a
lu
e
of
c
ut
-
o
f
f
f
r
e
qu
en
cy
o
f
50
H
z
a
n
d
t
h
e
va
l
u
e
o
f
C
a
r
e
s
et
t
o
be
c
ons
tan
t
a
nd
l
o
w
va
l
u
e
a
s
i
n
4.
5
uF
a
n
d
v
a
l
ue
o
f
ind
u
c
t
o
r
10.
7
mH
.
The
v
al
ue
o
f
i
n
d
u
c
t
or
q
u
ite
h
ig
h
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
LC f
il
ter
used
i
n
t
h
e u
n
i
po
lar
i
nver
t
e
r
a
s
the s
quar
e
w
a
v
e
i
n
v
e
r
t
er
is har
d
to be
f
il
ter
e
d o
u
t in
t
o
s
i
n
us
oida
l
du
e
to
th
e
edg
e o
f
t
h
e
squ
ar
e w
a
v
e
i
t
s
e
l
f. Th
e
filtered
ou
tpu
t
volt
a
g
e
as
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
10.
Figure
1
0
.
Filte
red
ou
tpu
t
vol
tage
I
t
c
an be o
b
se
r
v
ed
t
ha
t
the
f
i
l
t
e
r
in
g
pr
ocess of
t
he o
ut
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
ge i
s near
ly uns
ucce
s
s
f
u
l
a
s
t
h
e
n
a
t
u
r
e
sha
p
e
is
s
t
i
l
l
i
n
s
q
u
ar
e
w
a
ve
s
ha
pe
d.
T
his
is
d
ue
t
o
t
h
e
str
u
gg
le
o
f
be
n
d
in
g
t
h
e
p
u
r
e
s
qua
r
e
w
ave
int
o
a
si
nus
o
i
da
l
w
a
v
e
s
ha
pe.
C
o
mp
a
r
ed
t
o
t
h
e
u
n
i
po
l
a
r
in
ver
t
e
r
,
the
f
ilter
i
n
g
p
r
o
cess
is
a
w
a
y
e
a
s
i
e
r
a
s
t
here
a
r
e
m
a
ny
sm
al
l
pu
lses
i
n
t
h
e
o
n
e
who
l
e
c
y
cle
a
nd
i
t
w
i
l
l
eas
il
y
b
e
n
d
i
n
g
t
he
c
ur
ve
w
he
n
e
n
ter
i
ng
t
h
e
L
C
f
il
ter
.
The
va
l
u
e
of
p
e
a
k
vo
ltage
a
lso
dr
o
p
s
com
p
ar
e
to
t
he
s
q
u
a
r
e
w
a
ve
a
fte
r
t
he
f
i
l
t
er
in
g
pr
ocess.
T
he
s
ui
ta
ble
ca
p
a
cit
o
rs
f
o
r
f
ilt
eri
ng
p
r
o
c
ess
are
th
e
Ca
p
Fi
l
m
t
yp
e
s
a
s
th
e
va
lue
of
E
S
R
i
n
t
h
e
ca
paci
t
o
r
s
v
e
r
y
l
o
w
an
d
the
s
e
cr
i
t
e
r
ia w
i
l
l he
l
p
o
n re
du
cin
g
t
he
v
o
lta
g
e
stress.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
e
v
e
lo
pm
en
t o
f
sq
uare
wav
e
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
us
in
g D
C
/
D
C
boos
t c
onve
r
ter
(M.
Z
.
Aihsa
n
)
64
3
5.
CONCL
U
S
ION
The
ma
i
n
t
a
r
g
e
t
is
t
o
a
s
se
mb
li
n
g
a
n
a
lter
n
a
tive
t
o
po
l
o
g
y
i
n
in
v
erte
r
by
u
s
i
ng
tw
o
Bo
os
t
Con
v
e
r
ters
wher
e
the
prop
ose
d
i
nve
r
t
er
c
an
p
ro
d
u
c
e
a
s
q
u
a
r
e
wave
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
lt
a
g
e
w
a
veform
t
ha
t
re
sem
b
l
e
d
t
h
e
o
u
t
pu
t
of
a
n
i
nver
t
e
r
.
The
pr
o
pose
d
i
nve
r
t
er
w
a
s
b
e
i
n
g
u
t
ilize
d
w
hen
i
t
is
u
si
ng
P
I
C
M
icro
c
o
n
t
r
o
ller
base
d
g
a
t
e
dri
v
er w
hic
h
p
rod
u
ce co
ns
tan
t
g
a
t
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
v
o
lta
ge
to MO
S
F
ETs. T
he re
s
ul
ts
h
a
v
e pr
ove
d tha
t
t
he
in
v
er
t
e
r
c
a
n
pro
v
i
d
e
o
t
her
s
m
ode
o
f
ope
r
a
ti
o
n
b
es
i
d
es
t
he
n
or
ma
l
ope
ra
t
i
on
t
ha
t
a
n
i
n
v
erter
d
i
d.
O
ve
rall,
t
he
p
rojec
t
ac
hi
e
v
es
i
t
s
g
o
a
ls.
Th
is
i
nver
t
e
r
c
an
b
e
furt
her
impr
ove
d
a
s
t
h
e
t
opo
logy
d
o
e
s
not
n
e
e
d
th
e
t
r
a
n
sfo
r
mer
i
n
order
t
o
l
e
v
e
l
u
p
t
h
e
sma
ll
in
pu
t
v
o
lta
ge.
T
h
e
c
o
nve
n
t
i
o
na
l
inv
e
r
ter
t
h
at
u
se
d
H
-
bri
dge
c
i
r
cu
it
c
o
nfig
u
r
ations
nee
d
s
t
h
e
tra
n
sforme
r
to
l
e
v
el
up
t
h
e
vo
l
t
a
g
e.
T
hi
s
co
nfi
gura
t
i
o
n
s
i
m
u
l
t
a
ne
o
u
s
l
y
im
prove
s
t
h
e
si
z
e
o
f
th
e
in
verter
a
s
w
e
ll
as
t
he
w
e
i
g
h
t
of
t
he
i
nver
t
e
r
itsel
f.
T
he
d
e
s
i
gn
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
l
opme
n
t
o
f
a
s
quar
e
w
a
v
e
in
ve
rter
us
i
n
g
Boo
s
t C
o
n
v
erter
s
t
o pe
r
f
or
m
as
a
n
i
n
ver
t
e
r
w
a
s
s
u
c
c
e
s
s
f
u
l
.
ACKNOW
LEDG
E
MEN
T
S
Th
e
a
u
tho
r
s
wo
uld
lik
e
to
a
c
k
no
wl
edg
e
t
he
f
i
n
an
ci
al
s
up
po
rt
fro
m
th
e
U
n
ive
r
sity
M
a
l
ays
i
a
P
e
rli
s
.
Thi
s
rese
arc
h
w
a
s
c
a
rried
u
n
d
er
S
hor
t
Term Gr
a
nt 9
0
01-
00
5
74.
REFE
RENCES
[1]
B.
W
u,
P
o
wer Con
versi
on
an
d
Cont
rol of Win
d
Ener
gy S
y
st
ems
. Pis
cataway
, N
J
; Wile
y-IEEE
P
re
ss
,
20
11
[2]
M.
E
.
E
l
-
H
awary,
Pr
in
c
i
pl
es
o
f
El
ectric
M
a
ch
ines wi
th Po
wer Elect
ro
n
i
c Ap
p
l
ic
a
tio
n
s
.
P
i
scat
a
w
ay,
NJ;
N
ew
Y
o
r
k
,
NY
:
IEE
E
P
ress;
W
iley-In
t
e
rscience, 2002.
[3]
D. W.
H
a
rt
,
Po
we
r
Electr
onics
. Ind
i
an
a: M
cGraw Hill
, 2
0
1
1
.
[4]
S.
M
.
K.
P
odda
r
G
,
“
N
a
tura
l
Harmoni
c
E
li
mi
nat
i
on
o
f
Square-
wav
e
I
nv
erter
f
o
r
M
e
di
um
-Voltage
A
pp
li
catio
n
,
"
IEEE Trans P
o
w
e
r
E
l
ect
ron
I
E
E
E
Transac
t
i
ons on
P
o
wer
E
l
ectroni
cs,
vo
l.
2
4
,
p
p
.
1
182
-11
8
8
,
2009
.
[5]
M.
Z
.
Aihsan,
et
a
l
.,
“
Desig
n
a
nd
Im
p
l
em
en
tation
o
f
S
i
ngl
e-ph
as
e
Mo
dified
S
H
E
PW
M
U
n
i
polar
Invert
er,”
i
n
2
015
IEEE Con
f
erence on E
n
ergy
Con
version,
CENC
O
N
2015
,
201
6,
p
p
.
3
37–
34
2.
[6]
R.
T
.
Kennedy,
P
o
wer Elect
roni
c
s
: T
h
e
E
n
a
b
l
i
ng Di
sci
p
lin
e
.
Kangar:
Ko
l
e
j
Uni
v
ers
iti
Kejuruteraan
U
tara
Ma
la
ysia
, 2
00
6.
[7]
P.
T
. Kre
i
n
,
El
ement
s
of
power
e
l
ect
ro
n
i
c
s
.
N
e
w
Y
o
rk:
O
x
f
o
rd U
niversity Press
,
1998.
[8]
H.
B
ing
,
et
a
l
.
,
“
S
tu
dy
o
f
a
Novel
Bu
ck-Boo
st
I
n
v
erter
f
o
r
P
hoto
voltai
c
S
y
s
t
e
m
s,”
in
Electrica
l M
a
c
hin
e
s an
d
Sys
t
ems
,
2
0
0
8
.
ICEM
S
20
08.
In
tern
at
io
na
l
Confe
r
ence o
n
,
pp.
2602
-26
06,
2
0
0
8
.
[9]
F.
L
.
Y
.
H
.
L
uo,
Po
wer Elect
ro
nics
: Ad
van
ced Co
nver
sio
n
Tec
h
no
lo
gi
e
s
.
Boca
Raton:
CRC
Press
/
T
a
yl
or
&
F
r
anci
s, 2
01
7.
[10
]
J
.
Alm
azan,
et al
.
,
“
A
C
o
m
pariso
n
Betw
e
e
n
t
h
e
Buck
,
Bo
os
t
and
Bu
ck-Boo
st
I
n
v
erter
s,”
in
P
o
w
e
r
E
l
e
c
tr
on
ic
s
Con
g
r
e
s
s
,
20
00
.
CIEP 20
00
. VII IEEE
Intern
a
t
ional
,
2
0
0
0
,
pp.
341-3
4
6
.
[11
]
A
.
M.
J
a
m
al,
“
P
erf
o
rm
an
ce
S
t
udy
of
a
M
odifi
ed
S
in
e
W
a
ve
I
n
vert
er
,
”
En
g
i
ne
e
r
i
n
g
an
d
Te
c
h
n
o
lo
gy
J
o
urna
l,
vo
l.
28
,
p
p.
3
99
-41
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[12]
M
.
A
.
L
at
if
,
et
a
l
.
,
“
M
i
c
rocon
t
ro
ll
e
r
b
ased
P
WM
I
nvert
er
f
or
S
peed
C
o
n
t
r
ol
o
f
a
Th
ree
P
h
ase
Ind
u
ct
ion
M
o
t
o
r,
”
Int
e
rn.
J.
E
n
g
.
Techn
o
l
.
Int
e
rn
a
t
io
nal
Jo
urn
a
l
o
f
En
gi
neer
ing a
n
d
T
echno
lo
gy,
vo
l.
5
,
n
o
.
3,
p
p.
624-63
0,
2
0
13.
[13
]
M
.
Z.
A
ihsan
,
“
L
o
w
e
r
S
i
de
S
wit
c
hi
ng
M
odif
i
catio
n
o
f
S
HEPWM
f
o
r
S
i
ngl
e
H-Brid
ge
U
ni
polar
I
nvert
er,
”
IO
P
Co
nf.
Se
r.
Mate
r
.
S
c
i.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l
.
31
8,
p
.
120
37
,
201
8.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
2
, June
20
1
9
:
636
–
6
44
64
4
B
I
BL
IOGRAPHY OF AUTHO
R
S
Mu
ham
m
a
d
Za
i
d
A
i
h
sa
n
re
ceive
d
the
B.En
g.
(
H
ons)
in
I
nd
ustr
ial
E
l
ect
ro
ni
c
En
gi
nee
r
i
ng
a
nd
M.
S
c
Electrica
l
S
y
stem
E
ng
i
n
eer
i
n
g
de
gree
s
fro
m
Un
iv
e
r
s
i
t
y
Ma
la
ysia
P
e
r
l
i
s,
P
erlis,
Ma
l
a
ysia
,
i
n
2
0
1
3
a
nd
2
0
16,
r
esp
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
I
n
M
a
y
2
0
1
6
,
h
e
w
a
s
ap
po
inte
d
a
s
l
ec
tur
e
r
i
n
t
he
F
ac
u
lty
o
f
En
gi
n
e
eri
n
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
ogy
u
n
d
e
r
E
l
e
c
t
ri
cal
D
e
partm
e
nt,
U
n
i
v
e
r
siti
Ma
l
a
ys
ia
P
e
r
lis,
Ma
lays
ia.
H
i
s
re
sear
ch
int
e
rests
include
a
l
t
e
r
n
at
i
v
e
p
o
w
er
c
onve
rter
t
o
p
o
lo
gie
s
a
n
d
con
t
ro
l
stra
te
gie
s
f
or
r
ene
w
able
e
ne
rg
y
in
te
gra
tio
n.
N
u
r
Irw
a
ny
bi
n
t
i
A
h
m
a
d
r
ece
i
v
e
d
t
he
B
.En
g
.
(H
ons)
i
n
E
lec
t
ri
c
a
l
S
y
s
t
e
m
En
gi
nee
r
i
ng
fr
om
U
niversi
t
y
Ma
lay
s
ia
P
er
l
i
s,
P
e
r
lis
M
a
l
ays
i
a
an
d
M.
Eng
in
I
ndustr
ial
Elec
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
an
d
C
ontr
o
l
e
ngi
nee
r
i
ng
from
U
n
i
ve
rsit
y
of
M
a
l
ay
a
,
B
an
gsar,
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
,
in
2
0
1
4
and
2
016
,
resp
e
c
t
iv
el
y
.
I
n
A
u
gu
st
2
016,
s
h
e
w
a
s
a
p
poi
nt
ed
a
s
a
le
ct
urer
i
n
the
F
a
cult
y
o
f
E
ngi
ne
eri
ng
Te
chn
o
l
o
g
y
u
nd
er
E
lec
t
r
i
cal
D
e
p
art
m
en
t
,
U
n
i
v
er
siti Ma
l
a
ysia
P
e
r
lis, M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
.H
e
r
r
esea
rch in
t
e
rests inc
l
ude re
n
ew
a
b
le e
ne
rg
y
sys
t
em
s and
el
ec
t
r
o
n
i
c
s co
n
t
rol.
S
he
is also a
m
e
m
ber
of
B
EM
m
a
la
y
s
ia
.
Wan Aza
n
i M
u
s
t
afa
r
ece
ive
d
degr
ee i
n
bi
o
me
di
c
a
l
e
lec
t
ro
nic e
n
gi
neer
in
g (20
1
3
) and
P
h
D
in
m
echa
t
r
o
n
i
c
en
gi
nee
r
i
ng
(2
01
7)
fro
m
un
i
v
e
r
sity
m
alays
i
a
perl
is
(
U
n
iMA
P
).
M
e
mb
er
o
f
Bo
ard
Engi
n
e
e
r
M
a
l
ay
si
a
(BEM
)
201
4
a
n
d
M
a
l
a
ysi
a
B
o
a
rd
o
f
Te
cn
ol
o
g
i
s
t
(
M
BO
T)
(
20
17
).
P
ubl
ishe
d
mor
e
t
han
4
0
a
c
a
dem
i
c
ar
ti
c
l
e
s
a
n
d
1
b
o
o
k
.
Now
,
w
or
ki
n
g
as
a
s
eni
o
r
le
cturer
a
t
U
n
i
v
er
si
t
y
M
a
l
a
y
si
a
perli
s
,
M
a
lays
i
a
.
C
u
r
r
ent
in
tere
st
i
nc
lu
d
e
s
ima
g
e
proc
essing,
b
iom
e
c
h
an
ics,
i
n
t
el
li
g
e
nc
e
sy
st
em
,
a
n
d
cont
r
o
l
sys
t
em
.
N
o
r
j
a
s
mi
A
bd
ul
R
a
h
m
a
n
r
ece
i
v
e
d
t
he
B
.En
g
.
(H
ons)
in
I
ndus
tria
l
El
ect
roni
c
En
gi
nee
r
i
ng
from
U
ni
ver
s
iti
M
ala
y
s
i
a
P
e
r
l
i
s
i
n
2
0
0
7
a
nd
M
S
c
(te
ch
no
l
o
g
y
)
i
n
e
l
ectr
o
n
i
c
a
n
d elec
t
r
i
c
al
e
n
g
i
ne
eri
n
g
from
Aa
l
t
o
Un
ive
r
si
t
y
,
F
i
nl
a
n
d,
i
n 20
1
0
.
In
J
ul
y
20
1
0
,
he
w
as
a
ppo
in
te
d
lec
t
ur
er
i
n
t
h
e
S
c
ho
o
l
o
f
El
e
c
t
ri
ca
l
S
y
s
te
m
s
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
ng
,
U
n
i
v
er
siti
Ma
l
a
ys
ia
P
e
r
lis,
Ma
lay
s
ia.
H
e
i
s
c
u
rre
ntly
w
ork
i
n
g
t
ow
ard
P
h
D
de
gree
a
t
D
e
nma
r
k
Te
ch
nica
l
U
n
i
v
er
si
t
y
(
D
T
U
)
i
n
D
e
nm
ark.
H
is
r
e
s
e
a
rc
h
i
n
t
e
r
ests
i
nc
l
ude
dc
-dc
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
v
ersi
o
n
,
h
i
gh
e
f
fic
i
enc
y
s
t
e
p
u
p
c
on
vert
e
r
s,
m
i
c
ro
i
nverter,
a
nd
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
st
r
a
te
g
i
es for r
enew
a
b
le e
nerg
y
i
n
te
g
r
ation.
S
oo
J
i
an
A
un
r
ece
ive
d
t
he
B
.Eng.
(
H
ons)
i
n
I
n
d
us
tria
l
E
l
e
c
tro
n
i
c
En
g
i
n
e
erin
g
an
d
M.
S
c
Elec
tri
cal
S
ys
t
e
m
Eng
i
ne
eri
ng
de
gree
s
from
U
nive
rsit
y
Ma
l
a
y
sia
Pe
rlis,
P
e
rlis,
Mala
ysi
a
,
in
2
0
14
a
nd
20
1
8
,
respec
tive
l
y.
I
n
May
2
0
1
6
,
he
w
as
a
ppo
i
n
t
e
d
as
le
ct
urer
i
n
the
F
a
cult
y
of
E
ngi
ne
eri
ng
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
u
nd
er
E
lec
t
r
i
ca
l
D
e
pa
rtme
nt
,
U
n
i
v
er
siti
Mal
a
y
sia
Pe
rlis, M
a
l
a
y
s
ia
. H
i
s res
e
arc
h
i
n
t
ere
s
ts
in
c
l
ude
a
lter
n
a
tive
p
o
w
e
r
co
nv
e
r
t
e
r t
opol
o
g
i
e
s a
n
d
con
t
r
o
l
st
ra
t
e
gi
e
s
for
r
e
n
e
w
ab
l
e
ene
rg
y
inte
gr
at
io
n.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.