In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
4, D
e
c
e
m
ber
201
9,
pp.
1932~
19
43
ISSN: 2088-
8694,
DOI
:
10.11591
/ijpeds.
v10.
i
4.pp1932-1943
1932
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
A multilevel UPQC for vo
ltage and current quality
impro
v
ement
in d
istribution system
V
e
e
r
a
N
agi
R
ed
d
y
. V
1
, D
. V As
h
ok
Kumar
2
,
V
e
n
k
at
a R
e
d
d
y Kota
3
1
Rese
arch
S
ch
ol
ar, Jaw
aharl
a
l
Nehru
Techn
o
l
o
g
i
cal
U
ni
versit
y, In
di
a
2
Dep
a
rt
men
t
o
f
E
E
E
,
Rajeev Ga
n
d
h
i
Memo
ri
a
l
C
oll
e
g
e
o
f
Eng
i
n
eerin
g
and
Techn
o
l
o
g
y
,
In
di
a
3
Dep
a
rt
m
e
nt
o
f
of
EEE,
Jaw
a
harlal
Neh
ru
T
echnolo
g
i
cal
U
n
i
versity
, Ind
i
a
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
Feb
1
8
,
2
019
Re
vise
d Ma
y
1
2
, 201
9
A
c
c
e
pte
d
J
u
l
8
,
2019
Uni
f
i
e
d
Power
Quality
C
ond
iti
o
n
er
(
UP
QC)
i
s
s
ubstant
i
al
p
ower
c
on
dit
i
o
n
e
r
in
p
ower
s
y
s
tem
t
o
f
ilter
the
po
we
r
sys
t
em
p
arameters
w
ith
a
n
o
b
j
e
c
tive
t
o
impro
v
e
t
he
q
u
a
li
ty
o
f
po
we
r
d
e
live
r
e
d
to
t
he
c
u
s
to
me
rs/u
t
i
l
ity
p
oint
.
This
paper
presents
a
m
ulti-
l
e
vel
UP
QC
t
o
enhance
t
h
e
quali
t
y
in
p
ow
er
di
st
rib
u
ti
on
s
ystem
.
T
h
e
s
eries
an
d
sh
un
t
cont
ro
llers
o
f
UP
QC
g
i
v
e
s
o
u
t
f
i
v
e
le
ve
le
d
ou
tp
u
t
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
fu
r
t
he
r
fil
t
e
r
e
d
t
o
fe
e
d
c
omp
e
nsa
t
in
g
s
ig
nal
s
t
o
im
p
r
ove
voltage
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
e
nt
p
ro
fi
les
in
pow
e
r
d
i
s
tri
bution
sy
st
em
.
S
e
r
i
e
s
a
n
d
s
h
u
n
t
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
s
o
f
U
P
Q
C
a
r
e
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
d
w
i
t
h
c
a
s
c
a
d
ed
H-Bri
dge
(
CH
B)
t
o
p
o
l
o
gy
to
d
el
iv
er
c
om
pen
s
at
ing
s
i
gn
a
l
s.
T
wo
s
e
pa
r
a
te
con
t
ro
l
strateg
i
es
a
re
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
t
o
r
eg
ul
ate
t
h
e
p
o
wer
switch
e
s
of
5
-
le
v
e
l
CHB
se
rie
s
a
n
d
s
hu
nt
c
on
tro
l
le
rs
o
f
UPQC.
Sa
g
an
d
swe
l
l
i
n
so
urce
v
o
lt
age
an
d
h
a
rm
oni
cs
i
n
s
o
u
r
ce
curren
t
a
re
s
t
r
ain
e
d
w
i
t
h
UPQ
C
.
Th
e
pro
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
t
e
m
is
d
evelo
p
ed
a
nd
r
esu
lts
a
re
o
b
t
ain
e
d
usi
n
g
MATLAB
/
SI
M
U
LINK s
o
ft
ware.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
C
a
sc
ad
ed
h
-b
ri
d
g
e
Cu
rre
n
t
qu
al
it
y
Dist
r
i
bution s
y
st
em
Mu
lt
i-leve
l
P
o
w
e
r qua
lit
y
UPQC
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
qua
lit
y
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Veera Nagi Reddy.
V
,
R
e
sear
ch S
cho
l
ar
,
Jaw
a
harlal
N
ehru
T
ech
no
l
o
g
i
cal U
nive
rsit
y,
K
a
k
i
n
a
d
a,
A
.P
,
India
.
Em
ail:
vvnr
3
5
2
@
g
ma
il.c
o
m
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
Th
e
Po
wer
qua
l
i
t
y
d
efin
i
t
i
on
di
ff
e
r
s
fo
r
di
ff
ere
n
t
se
c
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
po
we
r
s
y
ste
m
.
To
t
h
e
p
ower
p
ro
vi
d
e
r,
pow
er
q
ua
li
ty
d
e
f
i
n
es
t
he
s
ta
nda
r
d
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
suppl
ie
d
t
o
t
he
c
us
t
o
m
e
r
wit
h
r
espec
t
t
o
hi
s
ab
ili
ty
w
ith
d
ue
relia
bi
l
ity
a
n
d
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
ion
o
f
v
ol
ta
ge
a
nd
freq
u
enc
y
.
T
o
t
he
c
on
sume
r,
t
he
s
ta
tem
e
nt
o
f
q
u
al
i
t
y
i
n
p
ow
er
[
1-
3]
foc
u
s
o
n
the
ir
a
bi
lit
y t
o
u
ti
liz
e the
su
pp
lied
pow
er
w
ith
p
réc
i
s
e
d
si
gn
al
ma
g
ni
tude and shape.
P
o
w
e
r
qua
l
i
t
y
i
ss
ue
s
[
4
,
5]
a
re
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
asso
ciate
d
w
ith
s
yste
m
e
f
f
i
ci
en
cy
a
n
d
en
vi
ron
m
e
n
t
a
l
i
s
su
es
bu
t
to
u
ni
n
t
e
rrup
t
e
d
s
up
p
l
y
a
nd
q
u
al
i
t
y
o
f
pow
e
r
i
n
the
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
S
ome
p
o
w
e
r
qua
lit
y
p
r
ob
lem
s
a
re
o
f
shor
t
dura
t
i
o
n
issue
s
a
nd
some
a
r
e
l
o
n
g
d
urat
io
n.
I
f
the
p
o
w
e
r
qual
i
t
y
i
s
s
u
e
pe
rsist
s
f
o
r
l
ess
t
h
an
one
m
i
n
u
t
e
it
i
s
t
e
rme
d
a
s
sho
r
t
du
ra
ti
o
n
and
i
f
t
h
e
p
robl
e
m
p
e
r
s
i
st
s
fo
r
mo
re
t
ha
n
o
n
e
m
i
nu
t
e
,
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
qua
l
ity
i
ssu
e
i
s
term
ed
t
o
be
l
on
g
d
u
r
a
tio
n.
E
ve
n
a
shor
t
-
te
rm
pow
er
q
u
a
li
t
y
p
ro
blem
c
an
d
egrade
t
he
s
ys
tem
perform
ance
in
duc
i
ng
unw
a
n
te
d
o
p
era
tio
n of t
he
pow
er
s
ys
tem
.
W
o
r
s
e
n
o
f
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
o
r
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
i
n
p
o
w
e
r
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
s
d
u
e
t
o
l
a
r
ge
u
sag
e
o
f
no
n-l
i
ne
ar
e
q
uip
m
en
t
s
a
nd
p
o
w
e
r
e
l
e
ct
r
o
ni
c
co
nv
e
r
t
e
rs.
Po
we
r
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
co
n
v
er
t
e
r
s
like
rec
t
i
f
i
e
rs
,
thyris
t
o
r
co
n
v
e
r
ters
are
no
n-
line
a
r
t
ype
o
f loa
d
s
an
d
pro
duce
lar
g
e
d
i
s
t
urba
nc
e i
n
a
c
ma
in
s
.
T
here
a
re
t
wo
a
pp
ro
ach
ing
t
e
ch
n
i
qu
es
to
t
he
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
of
v
olta
g
e
a
nd
c
ur
ren
t
qua
l
i
ty
p
ro
b
l
e
m
s.
T
he
fi
r
s
t
a
ppr
oac
h
in
g
tec
h
n
i
que
i
s
loa
d
con
d
i
t
i
on
i
n
g,
w
hic
h
f
orti
fi
e
s
t
ha
t
the
o
p
e
ra
t
i
ng
e
q
u
i
p
m
ent
i
s
m
a
d
e
inse
nsi
t
i
ve
t
o
pow
e
r
d
is
t
u
rbanc
e
s,
w
h
ic
h
i
n
t
ur
n
a
l
l
o
w
s
t
he
o
p
e
ra
tio
n
e
v
e
n
u
n
d
er
s
ig
ni
fi
ca
nt
c
urre
nt
a
nd
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
d
i
st
orti
on.
T
he
s
eco
nd
appa
r
o
ach
i
n
g
te
chn
i
que
i
s to i
nsta
ll line-
c
o
n
d
i
tio
n
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
ms
tha
t
c
o
unte
r
ac
t
or
s
uppr
es
s
t
h
e
e
l
ec
trica
l
pow
e
r
system
d
i
s
turbances.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
A
m
u
lt
ile
vel U
P
Q
C
fo
r vol
t
a
ge
an
d curre
n
t
qu
a
l
i
t
y
im
p
r
ov
em
ent
i
n
di
stri
bu
t
i
o
n
system
(
V
ee
ra
Na
gi Re
ddy.
V
)
1
933
P
o
w
e
r
qua
lit
y
is
i
m
p
r
o
ve
d
us
in
g
F
A
CTS
[
6
-
10]
d
e
v
i
c
es
l
i
k
e
D
V
R
[
11-
1
5
]
,
D
S
T
A
T
CO
M
[
16-
22]
,
U
P
Q
C
a
nd
m
a
ny
mor
e
.
U
P
QC
i
s
a
c
o
mbi
n
ati
o
n
o
f
b
ac
k-
t
o
-
b
ac
k
ser
i
e
s-sh
unt
c
ont
ro
ll
e
r
s
c
o
nn
e
c
t
e
d
w
i
th
a
c
o
mm
on
D
C
-
L
i
n
k
v
o
lta
ge
a
nd
c
omb
i
nes
the
per
f
or
m
a
nce
of
D
V
R
a
nd
DSTATCOM
.
UPQC
[
2
3
-
2
6
]
e
nha
nce
s
t
he
s
ys
t
e
m
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
fi
lte
r
i
n
g
out
t
he
d
ist
u
r
b
anc
e
s
l
i
ke
s
ag
/
s
w
e
ll
i
n
s
o
ur
ce
v
olta
ge
a
nd
e
ns
ur
es
loa
d
i
s
su
pp
l
i
e
d
w
i
t
h
c
onst
a
nt
v
olta
ge
.
U
P
Q
C
a
l
s
o
r
e
d
u
ce
s
the
d
is
t
o
r
tions
(
due
t
o
ha
r
m
on
i
c
s)
i
n
s
our
c
e
c
u
r
r
e
nt
s
tha
t
a
r
e
p
r
oduc
e
d
d
ue
t
o
non-
l
i
ne
a
r
l
oa
d
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
ons.
Blo
c
k
re
p
r
es
en
t
a
ti
on
o
f
UPQC
i
n
p
o
w
er
sys
t
em
i
s
show
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
1.
F
i
gur
e
1.
B
loc
k
r
e
p
r
e
senta
tio
n
of
U
P
Q
C
in
pow
er
s
yst
e
m
Th
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
r
e
sen
t
s
a
m
u
l
ti-l
e
ve
l
UP
QC
t
o
e
nha
nce
the
q
u
al
ity
i
n
p
o
w
e
r
dis
t
r
i
bu
t
i
o
n
s
ys
tem
.
T
he
se
r
i
es
a
nd
shun
t
co
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
s
of
U
P
Q
C
gi
ves
o
u
t
f
ive
l
e
ve
l
e
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
whi
c
h
is
f
urthe
r
f
il
tere
d
t
o
f
e
e
d
c
o
mpe
n
sa
t
i
ng
s
i
gna
ls
t
o
im
pr
ove
v
o
lta
ge
a
n
d
c
ur
r
e
nt
p
r
o
f
i
l
e
s
in
p
o
w
er
d
is
t
r
ib
uti
o
n
sy
st
em.
S
e
ri
es
a
nd
s
h
unt
c
o
n
t
r
o
ller
s
o
f UPQ
C
are
s
truc
t
u
r
e
d
wit
h
cas
ca
ded H-Bri
d
g
e
(
C
H
B)
to
p
o
log
y
t
o
del
i
v
er
com
pen
s
at
i
ng si
gna
ls.
S
a
g/swel
l i
n
so
u
rc
e vo
lta
ge
an
d
h
arm
o
n
i
cs in
sour
ce
curr
ent
ar
e
s
tr
aine
d with U
PQC.
2.
CASCADED
H
-
B
R
IDGE FIVE-LEVEL
U
PQC
Con
v
e
n
ti
ona
l
squa
r
e
-
w
ave
i
n
ver
t
e
r
y
ie
lds
s
quar
e
w
a
v
e
outp
u
t
,
w
h
ic
h
co
nta
i
ns
v
e
r
y
la
r
g
e
qua
n
t
ity
o
f
ha
rm
onic
s
.
Th
i
s
insi
s
t
s
for h
i
g
h
s
i
z
e
d filte
rs
t
o tu
ne
the o
utp
ut t
o
br
in
g
s
i
nu
so
ida
l
f
or
m
.
C
os
t an
d
s
i
ze
of
fi
l
t
e
r
incr
ease
s
,
w
hic
h
b
ec
ome
s
a
m
ajor
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
w
h
i
l
e
usin
g
c
o
nve
n
tio
na
l
s
q
u
a
r
e
-
w
ave
inver
t
e
r
s.
Mu
lt
i-
leve
l
in
v
e
r
t
e
r
d
r
a
w
s
a
tt
ent
i
on
d
u
e
t
o
i
t
s
m
er
i
t
or
i
ous
c
ha
ra
ct
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
g
i
vi
ng
o
ut
l
ev
el
e
d
o
u
t
pu
t
.
Le
ve
lle
d
ou
t
p
u
t
r
eq
uire
s
less
size
d
filte
rs
a
s
c
o
mpa
r
ed
t
o
con
v
en
tio
n
a
l
sq
u
a
re-wav
e
inv
e
rt
ers.
C
a
s
cad
e
d
H
-
Br
i
dge
t
op
o
l
o
gy
o
f
m
ult
i
-
l
e
v
e
l
i
nver
t
er
s
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
i
ne
st
s
truc
tur
e
r
equ
i
rin
g
no
clam
pin
g
d
ev
i
c
e
s
o
r
e
l
e
m
e
n
ts.
The
str
u
c
t
ur
e
of
C
a
s
c
a
de
d
H
-
Br
i
d
ge
t
o
p
o
lo
gy
is
s
imp
l
e
i
n
on
st
ru
c
tio
n
but
r
e
qui
res
mo
re
n
u
m
b
e
r
of
D
C
s
our
ces
t
o
dr
i
v
e
e
a
c
h
i
n
d
i
vi
d
u
al
H
-
B
r
i
dg
e
c
e
ll
.
A
f
i
ve
-
l
e
v
e
l
c
asc
a
de
d
H
-
Br
idge
s
tr
uc
t
u
r
e
c
on
sis
t
s
of
t
w
o
H
-
B
r
i
d
ge
c
ell
s
c
a
s
cade
d
w
it
h
ea
ch
in
d
i
v
i
dua
l
H
-
Br
i
dge
c
e
l
l
i
s
d
r
i
ve
n
by
D
C
s
o
u
r
c
e.
F
i
v
e
-
leve
l
ca
s
c
a
d
e
d
H
-
Br
id
ge
s
t
r
uc
tur
e
o
f
mul
t
i
-
l
e
v
el
in
ver
t
e
r
s
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
.
F
i
ve-
l
e
v
el
out
pu
t
vol
tag
e
i
n
p
h
ase
o
f
c
asca
de
d
H-Bri
dge
i
s
a
l
s
o
s
h
o
wn
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
to
ta
l
D
C
l
in
k
vo
l
t
a
g
e
s
p
l
i
t
s
acr
oss
t
w
o
H
-
Br
i
dge
ce
lls
a
nd
b
y
se
que
n
t
i
a
l
tr
i
gge
r
i
ng
o
f
pow
e
r
sw
itc
hes
g
i
ves
o
u
t
f
i
ve-
l
e
v
e
l
o
u
t
pu
t.
T
ab
le
1
i
l
l
u
s
t
r
ate
s
t
he
s
wi
t
c
hi
ng
s
equ
e
n
c
e
of
5
-l
e
v
el
C
a
s
ca
d
e
d
H-Bri
d
g
e
w
i
t
h
r
espec
t
t
o
pow
er
s
w
itc
he
s
in
F
ig
ur
e
2.
Ta
ble
1.
S
w
itc
hi
n
g
s
e
q
u
e
nce
of
5
-
l
e
v
e
l
C
a
s
c
a
ded
H
-
Br
i
dge
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Le
v
e
l
T
1
T
2
T
3
T
4
T
5
T
6
T7
T
8
V
d
c
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
V
d
c
/
2
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
-
V
d
c
/
2
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
-
V
d
c
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w El
ec &
D
ri S
y
s
t
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 4
,
D
e
c
2
0
19
:
1
932
–
1
943
1
934
F
i
gur
e
2.
Casc
a
d
ed
H
-
B
r
i
dge
s
tr
uct
u
r
e
o
f
mult
i-
le
vel
in
ve
r
t
er
s
F
i
gur
e
3
r
e
pr
e
s
en
ts
t
he
5
-
l
e
v
e
l
U
P
Q
C
co
nn
e
c
ted
i
n
d
i
s
t
r
ib
ut
i
o
n
syste
m
.
I
n
m
u
l
t
i
-
l
e
v
e
l
U
P
Q
C,
bot
h
seri
e
s
a
nd
s
hun
t
c
ont
rol
l
e
rs
a
re
5
-
l
eve
l
C
H
B
s
t
r
uct
u
r
e
d
a
nd
on
l
y
one
-
phase
o
f
CH
B
s
t
r
u
c
t
ur
e
d
5
-
l
eve
l
t
o
p
o
l
o
gy
o
f
s
e
r
i
e
s
a
n
d
s
hu
n
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
a
r
e
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
f
o
r
s
i
m
p
lic
i
t
y.
B
o
t
h t
h
e
5-
le
ve
l
to
po
l
o
g
y
of
ser
i
e
s
a
n
d
s
h
u
n
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
o
f
U
P
Q
C
i
s
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
a
c
o
m
m
o
n
D
C
-
l
i
n
k
c
a
p
a
c
itor
.
B
ot
h
5-
le
ve
l
se
r
i
es
a
n
d
s
hun
t
c
o
n
t
r
o
ller
s
a
r
e
c
on
tro
l
l
e
d
w
i
t
h
a
c
on
tro
l
l
e
r
tha
t
g
e
t
s
fee
dbac
k
f
r
o
m
sour
ce
vo
lta
ge
a
n
d
l
oa
d
cur
r
e
nt.
Co
nt
rol
l
er g
e
n
e
r
at
es ref
e
r
e
n
c
e
cu
rre
n
t
s an
d
tri
g
g
e
ri
ng
of
p
o
wer
s
w
itche
s
is
done
u
si
n
g
p
u
l
se
g
ener
at
or
.
F
i
gur
e
3.
5
-
L
eve
l
U
P
Q
C
in
p
ow
er
s
yst
e
m
3.
CONTROL
AL
GORITHM
FO
R
UPQC
3.
1.
Con
t
rol alg
o
r
i
th
m f
o
r
s
h
unt
cont
rolle
r
Shun
t
co
n
t
ro
ll
er
o
f
UPQ
C
m
ainl
y
e
limi
n
ate
s
t
he
h
arm
o
n
i
cs
i
n
s
o
u
r
c
e
curre
nts.
T
h
e
r
efe
r
enc
e
cu
rren
t
s
to
g
e
n
e
r
at
e
pu
l
s
e
s
t
o
p
o
w
e
r
s
wi
t
c
he
s
o
f
s
hu
nt
c
o
n
t
r
o
ll
er
i
n
U
P
Q
C
a
r
e
p
r
o
duc
ed
f
r
o
m
co
n
v
e
n
ti
ona
l
‘
P
Q
’
t
heor
y.
A
ctua
l
D
C
-
L
i
nk
vo
l
t
age
is
c
om
par
e
d
to
r
e
f
er
ence
v
a
l
u
e
a
n
d
th
e
e
r
ro
r
i
s
p
ro
ce
ssed
t
o
PI
co
nt
rol
l
e
r
t
o
g
en
e
r
a
t
e
po
we
r
l
o
ss
c
o
mpo
n
e
nt
.
Ac
t
u
al
a
ct
iv
e
po
we
r
m
easur
ed
b
e
f
or
e
is
p
r
o
ces
sed
t
o
su
mmatio
n
block
wh
er
e
po
wer
lo
s
s
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
(fro
m
P
I
c
o
n
t
r
o
ller)
a
n
d
a
ctua
l
ac
ti
ve
p
o
w
e
r
a
r
e
c
om
par
e
d
t
o
ge
ner
a
t
e
o
ne
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
fer
e
nce
cur
r
e
nt
s
ig
na
l
s
i
n
tw
o
c
o
-
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
e
sy
st
e
m
.
I
nver
s
e
t
r
ans
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
g
i
ve
s
ou
t
the
c
o
mpe
n
sa
t
i
ng
refere
nce
si
g
n
a
l
s
.
The
com
p
ensa
ti
n
g
r
e
f
e
r
enc
e
s
i
g
n
las
a
r
e
com
p
ar
e
d
t
o
li
ne
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
fr
om
pow
e
r
s
ys
t
e
m
to
y
iel
d
s
ou
r
c
e
r
e
fe
r
e
nc
e
cur
r
ent
s
.
The
o
b
ta
ine
d
s
o
u
r
ce
r
e
fe
renc
e
cur
r
ents
a
re
a
ga
i
n
c
ompa
re
d
to
a
c
t
ua
l
so
ur
ce
c
ur
r
e
nts
to
g
ive
ou
t
P
W
M
r
e
fer
e
nce
sig
n
a
l.
P
WM
r
efe
r
enc
e
s
igna
l
w
h
en
over
l
a
p
pe
d
w
i
t
h
leve
l
shi
f
ted
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
(
L
S
C
PWM
pa
t
t
e
r
n)
s
i
g
n
a
ls
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
s
pu
lses
t
o
pow
er
s
witc
hes
in
s
hu
n
t
c
o
n
t
r
o
lle
r
of
UPQC
.
Th
e
co
mp
l
e
t
e
sch
emat
i
c
c
ont
rol
al
g
o
ri
th
m fo
r sh
u
n
t c
o
n
t
ro
ller
o
f
UPQC is sh
o
w
n
in
Figu
re 4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
A
m
u
lt
ile
vel U
P
Q
C
fo
r vol
t
a
ge
an
d curre
n
t
qu
a
l
i
t
y
im
p
r
ov
em
ent
i
n
di
stri
bu
t
i
o
n
system
(
V
ee
ra
Na
gi Re
ddy.
V
)
1
935
F
i
gur
e
4.
C
o
n
tr
ol
a
l
g
or
i
t
hm
f
o
r
s
hunt
c
on
tr
o
l
le
r
3.
2.
C
o
n
t
rol
alg
o
r
i
t
h
m
f
o
r
s
e
ries
c
on
t
r
ol
le
r
T
h
e
se
ri
e
s
c
ont
rol
l
er
o
f
UPQ
C
m
ai
n
l
y
st
a
b
il
i
zes
o
r
con
d
itio
n
s
t
he
l
oa
d
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
,
w
hic
h
a
r
e
t
he
m
ain
c
r
it
e
r
ia
f
or
s
e
n
siti
ve
l
oa
ds.
T
h
e
co
n
t
ro
l
circ
uit
to
g
e
n
e
r
ate
g
a
t
e
p
u
lse
s
t
o
ser
i
es
c
o
n
v
er
t
e
r
of
U
P
Q
C
i
s
s
how
n
in
F
i
g
ur
e
5.
T
he
t
hr
ee
-
p
ha
se
s
o
u
r
c
e
vo
l
t
a
g
e
i
s
f
e
d
t
o
thr
e
e-
p
h
a
se
pha
se
l
ocke
d
lo
op
(
P
LL)
t
o
get
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
pha
se
a
ng
l
e
.
The
p
h
ase
an
gle
ob
t
a
i
n
e
d
f
r
o
m
P
LL
a
nd
the
t
h
r
e
e-
pha
se
s
ou
r
ce
vol
ta
ge
s
i
g
nal
is
p
r
o
c
e
ssed
t
o
C
l
a
rk
e
’
s
t
r
a
n
sfo
r
mat
i
o
n
bl
o
c
k
wh
ere
c
o
r
r
e
s
p
ondi
n
g
e
qua
t
i
o
n
s
tr
a
n
sf
or
m
thr
e
e-
pha
se
s
our
c
e
vo
l
t
age
s
i
g
n
a
l
s
i
n
t
o
tw
o
c
o
-
o
r
d
ina
t
e
si
g
n
al
s
in
‘
d-
q’
t
er
ms
t
h
us
o
b
t
a
i
n
i
n
g
a
c
t
ual
d-
coor
d
i
na
t
e
o
f
vo
l
t
a
g
e
si
gna
l
a
n
d
a
c
t
ual
q-
c
o
or
d
i
na
te
o
f
v
o
lta
ge
s
i
g
na
l
.
T
he
a
c
t
ual
va
l
u
e
s
a
r
e
c
om
par
e
d
to
r
e
f
e
r
enc
e
‘
d-
q’
s
i
gna
ls
a
nd
the
er
r
o
r
i
s
p
r
o
ce
sse
d
t
o
P
I
c
on
tr
ol
ler
w
h
ic
h
y
i
el
ds
r
ef
e
r
e
n
c
e
si
g
n
als.
T
he
se
v
ol
t
a
ge
r
e
f
er
ence
s
ig
n
a
l
s
i
n
‘
d
-
q
’
c
oor
d
i
na
tes
a
l
on
g
w
ith
pha
se
a
n
g
l
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
ati
on
fr
om
P
LL
a
re
p
r
o
c
e
ss
e
d
t
o
in
ve
rse
t
r
a
n
sfo
r
mat
i
on
w
h
e
r
e
aga
i
n
‘
d
-
q
’
coor
di
na
tes
ar
e
t
r
ans
f
or
m
e
d
bac
k
t
o
‘
a
bc
’
sig
n
a
l
s
.
Th
e
th
ree
c
o
-o
rd
in
a
t
es
s
ign
a
l
s
a
re
f
ed
t
o
P
W
M
ge
ner
a
t
o
r
to
g
e
n
er
a
t
e
t
r
igge
r
i
n
g
pulses
t
o
s
w
i
tc
hes
of
s
er
i
es
c
o
nve
r
t
er
o
f
UP
QC.
The
ov
er
-all
d
i
a
g
ram
of
5
-
l
e
v
e
l
U
P
Q
C
w
i
th
c
o
n
t
r
ol
a
l
g
or
it
hms
i
s
i
llus
t
r
a
t
e
d
in
F
igur
e
6.
T
a
b
le
2
ill
us
trates
s
ys
t
e
m
par
a
m
e
ters
u
se
d
f
o
r
sim
u
la
ti
on
a
n
al
ys
i
s
.
F
i
gur
e
5.
C
o
n
tr
ol
a
l
g
o
r
ithm
f
o
r
ser
i
es
c
on
tr
ol
ler
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w El
ec &
D
ri S
y
s
t
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 4
,
D
e
c
2
0
19
:
1
932
–
1
943
1
936
Fi
g
u
re
6
.
O
v
e
r
a
l
l
s
ch
e
m
a
t
i
c
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
o
f
5
-
l
ev
el
U
P
Q
C
wi
th
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
al
gor
it
h
m
s
Ta
b
l
e
2.
S
yste
m
par
a
me
t
e
r
s
P
a
ra
m
e
te
r
V
a
l
u
e
Sourc
e
V
o
lt
a
g
e
415
V
,
50
H
z
So
u
r
c
e
im
p
ed
a
n
c
e
0
.1
Oh
m
s, 0
.9
mH
Fil
t
e
r
i
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
0
.
001O
hm
s,
1
0
m
H
4.
RESU
L
T
S
A
ND ANALY
S
IS
4
.
1
.
UPQC co
m
pensa
t
in
g
sa
g
a
n
d ha
rmo
n
ics
F
i
gur
e
7
il
lu
str
a
tes
the
pow
e
r
s
yst
e
m
pa
r
a
m
e
te
r
s
w
it
h
U
P
Q
C
s
ho
w
in
g
so
ur
c
e
v
o
l
t
a
ge,
U
P
Q
C
c
o
mpe
n
sa
t
i
ng
vo
l
t
age
a
n
d
Lo
ad
v
ol
t
a
ge.
S
our
ce
v
o
lta
ge
i
s
pr
ogr
a
m
m
e
d
t
o
c
o
n
ta
i
n
s
ag
i
n
v
o
lta
ge
d
ur
i
ng
0.
3
se
co
nds t
o
0.
5 sec
o
nds.
D
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
i
s
par
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
s
ag per
io
d,
t
h
e
lo
a
d
a
l
s
o sh
oul
d
be af
f
e
c
t
ed
w
ith sa
g
b
ut
U
P
Q
C
(s
eri
e
s
c
o
n
v
e
rter)
i
n
j
ect
s
co
mp
e
n
sat
i
n
g
signa
l
s
t
o
po
w
e
r
sys
t
em
thr
o
u
g
h
s
er
ie
s tr
an
sf
or
me
r
and
c
o
nd
iti
o
n
s th
e
vo
l
t
age
t
o
l
oa
d.
C
om
pensa
t
i
ng
s
i
g
n
als
a
r
e
in
jec
t
e
d
d
ur
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
a
g
p
er
iod.
T
he
l
oa
d
vo
l
t
a
g
e
i
s
n
ot
a
ffe
c
t
ed
with
sag
and
i
s
mai
n
ta
i
n
e
d
at
co
nstant p
eak
.
F
i
gur
e
8
sh
ow
s
the
s
y
s
t
em
p
ar
a
m
e
t
ers
with
U
PQC
c
onne
c
t
ed
i
n
p
o
w
er
s
ys
tem
.
T
hr
ee-
phase
s
our
c
e
vo
l
t
age,
s
o
u
rc
e curr
ent
s
,
l
o
a
d
cur
rents
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
ensa
ti
n
g
c
u
rre
n
t
s
fr
o
m
U
P
Q
C
a
r
e
s
how
n in
F
ig
ur
e
8.
A
s
l
o
a
d
is
non-
li
ne
ar
t
y
p
e,
l
oad
cur
r
en
t
dr
aw
s
n
on-
l
i
n
e
ar
c
ur
r
e
nts
w
h
i
c
h
a
ffe
c
t
s
o
u
r
c
e
c
ur
r
e
nts.
C
om
pen
s
a
t
i
n
g
si
gna
ls
f
r
o
m
U
P
Q
C
(
shu
n
t
c
ompe
nsa
t
or
)
n
u
ll
i
f
ie
s
t
h
e
a
ffe
c
t
o
f
h
a
r
m
onics
o
n
s
o
urc
e
p
ara
m
e
t
e
r
s.
S
our
ce
cur
r
ent
i
s
ne
ar
e
r
s
in
us
oida
l
w
ith
v
er
y
le
ss
d
ist
o
r
t
i
on
and
loa
d
c
ur
r
e
nt
i
s
n
o
n
-
l
inea
r
in
n
a
t
ur
e.
S
o
u
r
ce
vo
lta
ge
c
onta
i
n
s
sag
as
e
x
p
lain
ed
in
Figu
re
7
.
F
i
gur
e
9
i
l
l
u
s
t
r
a
t
es
t
he
pow
e
r
f
a
c
tor
on
so
ur
ce
s
i
d
e
of
p
ow
e
r
s
y
s
t
e
m.
S
o
u
r
c
e
vo
lt
ag
e
an
d
sou
r
ce
c
u
r
r
e
nt
h
a
v
e
a
l
m
o
st
t
he
s
a
m
e
phase
a
nd
p
o
w
e
r
fa
ctor
t
e
nds
t
o
un
i
t
y.
C
ur
r
e
nt
s
i
g
nal
is
a
dde
d
w
ith
g
ai
n
(
t
o
incr
ease
t
h
e
am
pl
i
t
ude)
f
o
r
better
v
i
sua
liz
a
tion.
F
i
gur
e
1
0
s
how
s
t
h
e
5
-
L
eve
l
out
pu
t
b
e
f
o
r
e
f
i
l
ter
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
se
r
i
es
con
t
ro
ll
e
r
o
f
UPQC
.
C
H
B
s
t
ru
ctu
r
e
g
i
v
e
s
ou
t
5
-
level
o
u
t
p
u
t wh
ich
is
f
u
r
th
er filtered
. Ph
ase v
o
l
ta
g
e
w
it
h
300V p
e
a
k
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
A
m
u
lti
lev
e
l U
P
Q
C
fo
r v
o
lt
a
g
e
an
d curre
n
t
qua
li
ty im
p
r
ov
e
m
ent i
n
distr
i
bu
t
i
o
n
system
(Ve
e
ra N
a
gi
Re
ddy.
V
)
1
937
F
i
gure
7.
S
ourc
e
v
ol
ta
ge
, U
PQ
C c
o
mpe
n
sa
tin
g
vol
ta
ge
, L
o
a
d vo
l
t
a
ge
F
i
gure
8.
S
ourc
e
volta
ge
,
sou
r
ce
curr
ents, loa
d cur
r
ents a
nd
c
o
m
p
ensa
ti
n
g
cur
rents o
f
U
P
Q
C
Fi
g
u
re
9
.
So
u
r
c
e
P
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
t
o
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 :
1
9
3
2
– 1
943
1
938
F
i
gure
1
0
. 5-
L
evel
o
utp
u
t
fro
m
se
ries
c
on
tro
ller
of U
P
Q
C
F
i
gure
1
1
s
ho
w
s
t
h
e
5-
Le
vel
ou
t
p
u
t
b
e
f
or
e
fil
t
eri
n
g
fr
om
s
hu
n
t
c
on
tro
l
ler
o
f
U
P
Q
C
.
C
H
B
s
t
r
uc
t
u
re
gi
ves o
u
t
5-le
v
e
l
ou
t
pu
t
w
h
i
c
h is fur
ther
f
i
l
t
e
r
e
d. P
ha
se vol
ta
g
e
wit
h
300V p
ea
k
.
F
i
gure
1
1
.
5-Le
vel o
u
t
p
u
t
f
ro
m
shun
t c
ontr
o
ller
of
U
P
Q
C
F
i
gure
1
2
a
nd
F
igure
1
3
s
ho
w
s
h
arm
o
n
i
c
a
n
a
l
ys
is
F
F
T
w
i
n
d
o
w
s
o
f
s
our
ce
a
n
d
l
oa
d
cu
rre
nt
.
S
ourc
e
curr
ent
is
d
i
s
t
o
rted
b
y
2.
98%
a
nd
loa
d
c
urr
e
nt
b
y
2
9
.46
%
.
S
our
c
e
curre
nt
d
ist
o
rt
io
n
is
w
i
t
hi
n
nomi
n
a
l
l
im
it
and
loa
d
bei
n
g
no
n
-l
i
n
ea
r in n
a
t
ure
co
nta
i
ns
l
arge
dis
t
o
r
t
i
o
n i
n
current
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
A
m
u
lti
lev
e
l U
P
Q
C
fo
r v
o
lt
a
g
e
an
d curre
n
t
qua
li
ty im
p
r
ov
e
m
ent i
n
distr
i
bu
t
i
o
n
system
(Ve
e
ra N
a
gi
Re
ddy.
V
)
1
939
F
i
gur
e 1
2
.
THD
in source
c
urrent
F
igure
13.
TH
D
in loa
d
curr
ent
4.2.
U
PQC
comp
en
satin
g
swe
l
l
a
n
d
h
armon
i
c
s
F
i
gure
1
4
i
ll
ustra
t
e
s
t
he
p
o
w
er
s
ystem
pa
ram
e
ter
s
w
it
h
UP
Q
C
s
ho
w
i
ng
s
ourc
e
v
olt
a
ge
,
U
P
Q
C
com
p
en
sat
i
n
g
vo
l
t
age
an
d L
o
a
d
vo
l
tage.
S
o
urce
v
o
lta
ge is pro
g
ra
mme
d
t
o
co
nt
ai
n
swell
i
n
v
olt
a
ge
d
u
r
i
n
g
0
.
3
seco
nds
t
o
0.
5
sec
o
n
d
s.
D
uring
th
is
p
ar
t
i
c
u
la
r
sw
ell
pe
ri
o
d
,
th
e
loa
d
a
ls
o
sh
ou
l
d
b
e
affe
cte
d
w
ith
s
w
e
ll
but
U
P
Q
C
(
series
c
on
ver
t
e
r)
in
jec
t
s
com
p
e
n
s
a
t
i
n
g
s
ig
na
ls
t
o
p
o
w
e
r
s
yst
e
m
throu
g
h
s
e
r
ies
tra
n
sfor
me
r
and
con
d
i
t
i
on
s
the
vo
l
t
age
t
o
l
oad
.
C
om
pe
nsa
t
i
n
g
s
i
g
n
a
l
s
a
r
e
injec
t
e
d
dur
in
g
t
h
e
sa
g
p
e
r
i
od.
T
he
l
oa
d
v
o
l
t
a
ge
i
s
no
t affec
t
e
d
w
i
t
h sa
g
and is m
ain
t
a
i
n
e
d
at c
o
n
sta
n
t
pea
k
.
F
i
gure
15
s
ho
w
s
t
he
s
ystem
pa
ram
e
ter
s
w
it
h
U
P
Q
C
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
i
n
p
o
wer
s
y
s
t
em
.
Three-phase
s
ource
vo
lta
ge,
s
ourc
e
cur
r
ents,
l
o
a
d
c
urre
nts
a
n
d
c
o
mpe
n
sa
ti
ng
c
urre
n
ts
f
rom
U
P
Q
C
a
re
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
15.
A
s
loa
d
i
s
n
on-
l
i
n
e
a
r
t
ype
,
l
o
a
d
c
ur
rent
d
r
a
w
s
n
o
n
-l
i
n
ea
r
c
u
rre
nts
w
hi
c
h
a
ffe
ct
s
o
u
rc
e
c
u
rre
nts.
C
ompe
nsa
tin
g
signa
l
s
f
rom
UP
QC
(
shunt
com
p
ensa
tor)
n
ull
i
fies
t
he
a
f
f
ect
o
f
h
a
r
mo
n
i
cs
o
n
so
u
r
c
e
p
a
r
amet
ers.
S
o
u
r
ce
curr
ent
is
n
e
a
re
r
sin
u
soi
d
a
l
w
it
h
very
l
e
s
s
di
st
ort
i
o
n
a
nd
loa
d
c
urre
nt
i
s
no
n-l
i
n
ear
i
n
na
t
u
re.
S
ourc
e
v
o
l
ta
ge
con
t
a
i
n
s
sw
e
ll a
s
e
x
p
la
ine
d
in
F
i
gure
14.
F
i
gure
1
6
i
l
l
us
tra
t
e
s
t
he
p
ow
er
f
a
c
tor
o
n
s
o
u
rce
side
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
system
.
S
ource
v
o
l
t
a
ge
a
nd
so
ur
c
e
curr
ent
ha
ve
a
lmos
t
the
sam
e
pha
se
a
n
d
p
ow
e
r
f
actor
t
e
nds
t
o
un
i
t
y.
C
ur
rent
s
i
g
nal
is
a
dde
d
w
ith
g
ai
n
(to
incre
a
se
t
he
a
mpli
tude
) f
o
r be
t
t
e
r
v
isua
l
i
za
ti
on.
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
7
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
5
-
L
e
v
e
l
o
u
t
p
u
t
b
e
f
o
r
e
f
i
l
t
e
r
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
s
e
r
i
e
s
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
o
f
U
P
Q
C
.
C
H
B
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
gi
ves o
u
t
5-le
v
e
l
ou
t
pu
t
w
h
i
c
h is fur
ther
f
i
l
t
e
r
e
d. P
ha
se vol
ta
g
e
wit
h
300V p
ea
k
.
F
i
gure
1
8
s
ho
w
s
t
h
e
5-
Le
vel
ou
t
p
u
t
b
e
f
or
e
fil
t
eri
n
g
fr
om
s
hu
n
t
c
on
tro
l
ler
o
f
U
P
Q
C
.
C
H
B
s
t
r
uc
t
u
re
gi
ves o
u
t
5-le
v
e
l
ou
t
pu
t
w
h
i
c
h is fur
ther
f
i
l
t
e
r
e
d. P
ha
se vol
ta
g
e
wit
h
300V p
ea
k
F
i
g
u
r
e
14.
S
ource
vol
t
a
ge,
U
P
Q
C
c
om
pens
ati
n
g vo
l
t
a
g
e,
Loa
d
vo
lt
age
F
i
g
u
r
e
15.
S
ource
vol
t
a
ge,
so
urce
c
urrents,
l
oad c
u
rre
n
t
s
an
d c
ompe
n
s
a
t
in
g
curre
nts
o
f
U
P
Q
C
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 :
1
9
3
2
– 1
943
1
940
F
i
gure
1
6
.
S
ourc
e
P
ow
e
r
fact
or
F
i
gure
1
7
. 5-
L
evel
o
utp
u
t
fro
m
se
ries
c
on
tro
ller
of U
P
Q
C
F
i
gure
1
8
.
5-Le
vel o
u
t
p
u
t
f
ro
m
shun
t c
ontr
o
ller
of
U
P
Q
C
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
A
m
u
lt
ile
vel U
P
Q
C
fo
r vol
t
a
ge
an
d curre
n
t
qu
a
l
i
t
y
im
p
r
ov
em
ent
i
n
di
stri
bu
t
i
o
n
system
(
V
ee
ra
Na
gi Re
ddy.
V
)
1
941
F
i
gur
e
19
a
n
d
F
i
gur
e
2
0
s
ho
w
s
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
a
n
al
ys
is
F
F
T
w
i
n
d
o
w
s
o
f
s
our
ce
a
n
d
loa
d
c
u
r
r
e
nt
.
S
our
c
e
c
u
r
r
e
nt
i
s
d
i
s
t
o
r
t
e
d
b
y
2
.
09%
a
nd
l
o
ad
c
ur
r
e
nt
b
y
2
9
.
3
7
%
.
S
our
c
e
c
u
r
r
e
nt
d
i
s
t
o
r
t
ion
i
s
w
it
hi
n
nomi
n
a
l
l
im
it
a
nd
l
o
a
d
b
e
i
ng
no
n-
l
i
ne
ar
i
n
n
a
tur
e
c
onta
i
ns
l
a
r
ge
d
i
s
tor
t
i
o
n
i
n
cu
rrent.
F
i
gur
e
1
9
.
THD
i
n
s
our
ce
c
ur
r
e
nt
F
i
gur
e
2
0
.
THD
in
l
oa
d
cur
r
ent
Tab
l
e
3
sh
ow
s
t
h
e
har
m
o
n
ic
a
na
l
y
sis
w
ith
U
P
Q
C
i
n
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
nt
w
or
k
i
n
g
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
on
s.
I
n
b
o
th
t
he
c
ases
sour
c
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
i
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
n
omi
n
al
lim
it.
Tab
l
e
3.
H
a
r
mon
i
c
ana
l
y
s
is
C
ondit
i
on
T
H
D
i
n Source
C
u
r
re
n
t
T
H
D
i
n
Lo
a
d C
u
rre
nt
Volt
a
g
e
S
a
g
i
n
pow
e
r
s
y
s
tem
2.
98
%
29.46
%
Volt
a
g
e
Swe
ll
i
n
p
owe
r
s
y
s
tem
2.
09
%
29.37
%
5.
CONCLUSION
Wor
s
e
n
o
f
vo
lt
a
g
e
or
c
ur
r
e
nt
i
n
p
o
w
e
r
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
tio
n
s
y
ste
m
i
s
d
u
e
t
o
l
ar
ge
u
sa
g
e
o
f
non-
li
nea
r
e
q
u
i
pm
ent
s
a
n
d
p
ow
er
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
c
o
n
v
er
t
e
r
s
a
nd
d
u
e
to
l
oa
d f
a
c
t
or
s
.
UP
Q
C
is
a
F
A
C
TS
ba
s
e
d
c
on
tr
ol
le
r
us
e
d
in
p
o
w
er
s
yste
m
to
e
nha
nce
the
pow
er
q
ua
li
ty.
The
pa
per
pr
ese
n
t
s
5-
Le
ve
l
CH
B
str
u
c
t
ur
e
d
U
P
Q
C
f
o
r
t
h
e
im
pr
o
v
em
ent
o
f
v
o
l
t
a
ge
a
n
d
c
ur
r
e
nt
i
n
pow
e
r
dis
t
r
ib
ut
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
S
e
r
i
e
s
a
nd
s
h
unt
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
s
of
U
P
Q
C
ar
e
5
-
Le
ve
l
i
nver
t
e
r
s,
i
nj
e
c
t
in
g
co
m
p
ensa
t
i
n
g
s
i
gna
ls
t
o
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
t
h
e
v
o
lta
ge
a
n
d
c
ur
r
e
n
t
r
espec
t
i
v
e
l
y.
S
e
r
ies
co
nt
r
o
l
l
e
r
i
s
c
o
n
t
r
oll
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
vo
lt
ag
e
re
fe
re
n
c
e
SR
F
cont
r
o
l
an
d
s
h
un
t
c
o
n
t
ro
lle
r
is
c
o
n
tr
ol
le
w
it
h
PQ
b
as
e
d
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
.
C
o
n
tr
ol
a
lg
ori
t
h
m
s
w
it
h
5-lev
e
l
CH
B
UP
QC
a
re
v
er
ifie
d
t
o
c
om
pen
s
at
e
sa
g/sw
e
ll
i
n
s
our
c
e
vo
l
t
age
w
i
t
h
s
im
ulta
ne
ou
s
ha
r
m
oni
c
su
p
p
r
e
ssi
on
i
n
s
o
u
r
c
e
cur
r
en
t. Harm
onic
s
i
n
so
ur
ce
curr
ent is m
a
i
n
t
ai
ne
d
w
i
t
h
i
n
n
om
i
n
a
l
v
alue
s.
C
ontr
o
l
alg
o
r
i
thm
s
a
re
e
xpla
i
ne
d
i
n
d
eta
il
.
REFERE
NC
E
S
[1]
R.
D
iv
ya,
S.
M
.
Nan
d
u
k
ri
shn
a
n
an
d
M
.
G
.
N
a
ir,
"Hard
w
are
i
m
plem
e
nta
tio
n
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
s
ha
ring
a
n
d
p
o
we
r
qu
a
l
i
t
y
i
m
prov
e
m
ent
f
o
r
g
r
id
i
n
t
eg
rati
on
o
f
m
icro
gri
d
,
"
2017
In
ter
n
a
t
i
onal
Confer
ence o
n
T
echn
o
l
ogi
cal
Adva
ncemen
ts
i
n
Po
w
e
r
a
n
d
En
e
r
g
y
( T
A
P
En
e
r
g
y
)
,
Ko
lla
m,
Ind
ia
,
20
17
, pp
.
1
-6
.
[2]
R
.
K
a
l
p
a
n
a
,
S
.
C
.
K
h
i
m
a
v
a
t
h
,
S
.
P
.
P
a
n
d
B
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
"
P
o
w
e
r
Q
u
a
l
i
ty
E
nh
an
cem
ent
U
s
in
g
Curren
t
I
n
j
ection
T
echni
qu
e
in
a
Z
ig
zag
C
on
Fig
u
red
A
u
t
o
t
r
an
sf
o
r
m
e
r
Bas
e
d
1
2
-Pul
se
R
ectifier,"
i
n
IEEE T
r
ansactio
ns
on
In
du
st
ry
A
p
p
l
ica
t
i
o
n
s
,
2018 (
e
a
r
l
y
acces
s)
.
[3]
V
.
K
hadk
ik
ar
"
E
n
h
a
nci
ng
electri
c
p
o
wer
qual
ity
u
si
ng
U
P
Q
C:
A
c
o
m
p
rehen
s
iv
e
ov
ervi
ew,
"
IE
EE Trans
.
Power
E
l
ectr
on.
vo
l
. 2
7
no
. 5
pp
.
22
8
4
-
22
97
20
1
2
.
[4]
A
.
L
u
o
H
.
X
i
a
o
F
.
M
a
e
t
a
l
.
"
D
i
s
tribu
tion
s
t
at
ic
c
ompensator
b
a
s
e
d
on
a
n
i
m
p
r
ov
e
d
d
i
r
ect
p
ow
er
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
t
r
a
t
eg
y,
"
IE
T Power
Electron
. vo
l
. 7
n
o.
4
p
p. 9
57
-96
4
2
01
4.
[5]
C.
K
um
ar
M
.K
.
Mi
sh
ra
"
An
i
m
p
ro
ved
hy
bri
d
D
STATCO
M
to
polo
g
y
t
o
c
om
pen
s
at
e
reacti
v
e
and
n
o
n
lin
ear
l
oad
s
,"
IE
E
E
Trans
.
Ind.
E
l
ectr
o
n
. vo
l
. 6
1 no
. 12
p
p
. 6
51
7-6
5
2
7
2
0
1
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.