Internati
o
nal
Journal of P
o
wer Elect
roni
cs an
d
Drive
S
y
ste
m
(I
JPE
D
S)
V
o
l.
8, N
o
. 1
,
Mar
c
h
20
17
,
pp
. 33
5
~
34
3
ISSN: 208
8-8
6
9
4
,
DOI: 10.115
91
/ijp
eds.v
8
i
1
.
1
272
3
3
35
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJPEDS
New Strategy Control of Bidirect
ional Quazi Z Source Inverter
with Bat
t
eri
es
an
d Supercapacit
ors Energy Storage in Grid
Connect
ed Phot
ovolt
a
i
c
S
y
st
em
Boukeb
b
ous S
e
if
eddine
1
, Kerdoun
Djallel
2
1,2
Department of
Electro
technics
,
Labor
ator
y
of Electrical
Engin
e
ering of Constantine (LGEC)
,
Brothers Mentou
ri Univers
i
t
y
,
Co
nstantine
,
Alg
e
ri
a
1
Unité d
e
R
echerche Appliquée
en En
ergies Ren
ouvelab
l
es, URAER, Cen
t
re
de Développement des
Energ
i
es
Renouvelables, CDER,
47133, Ghardaïa,
Alg
e
ria
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Oct 22, 2016
Rev
i
sed
D
ec 28
, 20
16
Accepte
d
Ja
n 07, 2017
In this pap
e
r, a
control of
bidir
e
ctio
n
a
l Quas
i-
Z-
S
ource Inver
t
er
(qZS
I) with
energ
y
storage (batter
i
es and
supercapacitor
s
) for photovoltaic power
generation s
y
s
t
ems is presented.
The
quasi-
Z
-source inv
e
rter (qZSI) provides
an al
terna
tiv
e fo
r the conv
ention
a
l
two stag
es DC-DC/DC-AC p
hotovoltaic
(P
V) bas
e
d inve
rter s
y
s
t
em
.
The
batt
eri
e
s
and
s
upercap
ac
itors
a
r
e us
ed f
o
r
com
p
ens
a
te the
neces
s
ita
te po
wer occurred in
interna
l
or ext
e
rnal s
y
s
t
em
parameters cir
c
u
m
stances. The
main obj
ectiv
e of this study
is to propose a
suitable activ
e
and reactive po
wer cont
rol for
injecting o
r
recovering
the
power between
the e
l
ec
tric
al gr
i
d
and P
V
s
y
s
t
e
m
(batteri
es
). F
o
r adjus
t
th
e
problem of rapid variati
on of climatic
and the
power grid con
d
itions, th
e
supercapacito
rs are contro
lled w
ith
buck-boost converter
. Man
y
simulation
results obtained
using MATLAB/SIMULINK
in differen
t
rigorou
s situations
s
how the pe
rfor
m
ance of
the pro
posed s
y
stem.
Keyword:
Battery
Gri
d
-c
on
nect
e
d
MPPT
Pho
t
ov
o
ltaic
Quazi
Z s
o
urce
inve
rter
Sim
p
l
e
bo
ost
c
ont
rol
Sup
e
rcap
acitor
Copyright ©
201
7 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Bo
uk
eb
bou
s Seif
edd
i
n
e
,
Depa
rt
m
e
nt
of
el
ect
rot
ech
ni
cs
, La
bo
rat
o
ry
o
f
El
ect
ri
cal
En
gi
nee
r
i
n
g
of C
onst
a
nt
i
n
e
(L
G
E
C
)
,
B
r
ot
he
rs
M
e
nt
ou
ri
Uni
v
ersi
t
y
,
C
onst
a
nt
i
n
e, A
l
geri
a.
Em
ail: Bouke
bbous
_
seife
d
dine@hotm
a
il.fr
1.
INTRODUCTION
W
i
t
h
the dec
r
ease of conve
n
tional ene
r
gy sour
ces and the growing problem
of environm
ental
pol
l
u
t
i
o
n, t
h
e r
e
search a
n
d ut
i
l
i
zat
i
on of t
h
e
rene
wabl
e e
n
ergy
, s
u
c
h
as s
o
l
a
r en
er
gy
, w
i
nd e
n
er
gy
as so o
n
,
has
been c
o
nc
erne
d
wi
t
h
m
o
re an
d m
o
re at
t
e
nt
i
on
[1]
.
PV power is
be
com
i
ng m
o
re pre
v
alent as it
s cost is
b
eco
m
i
n
g
m
o
re co
m
p
etitiv
e with
trad
itio
n
a
l p
o
wer sou
r
ce
s. Howev
e
r,
t
h
e u
tilizatio
n
o
f
d
e
d
i
cated
en
erg
y
st
ora
g
e sy
st
em
s nee
d
s
t
o
be
t
a
ken
i
n
t
o
acc
ou
nt
beca
use
of
t
h
e i
n
t
e
rm
i
t
t
e
nt
nat
u
re
o
f
t
h
e P
V
ge
nera
t
i
on.
En
erg
y
sto
r
ag
e syste
m
s can
o
p
e
n
th
e
p
o
ssib
i
lity
to
e
m
p
l
o
y
ren
e
wab
l
e en
erg
y
so
urces ab
le to
o
p
e
rate in
stan
d-
al
one m
ode,
gr
i
d
-c
on
nect
ed
m
ode, and m
ode t
r
a
n
si
t
i
ons
f
r
om
st
and-al
on
e t
o
gri
d
,
or
vi
ce versa i
n
m
i
cro
-
g
r
i
d
syste
m
s [2].
In c
o
nve
nt
i
o
n
a
l
st
ruct
u
r
e, t
h
e P
V
gri
d
-c
on
nect
ed syste
m
is com
posed in t
w
o stages: DC
-DC
co
nv
ersion
stag
e to
regu
late th
e ou
tpu
t
v
o
ltag
e
fro
m
th
e PV array to
cert
a
in
requ
ired
lev
e
l an
d
to
ex
t
r
act th
e
m
a
xim
u
m
power (M
P
P
T)
, DC
-
A
C
con
v
e
r
si
o
n
st
age t
o
pro
d
u
ce t
h
e
usa
b
l
e
si
nus
oi
dal
AC
vol
t
a
g
e
. Thi
s
topology has
m
a
ny disadvantages suc
h
as:
m
o
re losses,
no
ise, an
d
co
mp
lex
ity in
con
t
ro
l [3
]. Th
e Z
so
urce
i
nve
rt
er
(ZS
I)
[
4
]
o
ffe
rs a
si
m
p
l
e
r si
ngl
e
st
ag
e i
nve
rt
er t
o
pol
ogy
wi
t
h
seve
r
a
l
adva
nt
a
g
es:
a.
Mo
re bo
o
s
ti
n
g
cap
ab
ility.
b.
Eli
m
in
ate th
e sh
oo
t thro
ugh
prob
lem
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJPE
D
33
6
c
PV s
y
a
b
struct
u
whic
h
th
at,
f
th
at i
n
gene
r
stora
g
strate
g
in
clu
d
refe
r
e
super
c
im
pr
o
estab
l
2.
P
conn
e
D
S
Vol. 8, N
o
.
Less c
o
m
p
The quasi
-
y
stem
s. This
w
a
.
Sim
p
ler a
n
b
.
Able t
o
h
a
For t
h
e r
e
u
re with
b
a
tt
e
h
has a
stora
g
f
or t
h
e sa
m
e
i
n
n
the syst
e
m
ation syste
m
g
e
whic
h i
s
c
o
B
y
consi
d
g
y
cont
ro
l
o
f
d
i
n
g b
a
tt
erie
s
e
n
c
e pow
er
c
ap
acito
rs is
i
o
ve the
sy
ste
m
l
ish
e
d in
Fig
u
r
P
RI
NCI
PE
O
The t
o
pol
e
cted in parall
Fig
u
o
. 1,
M
a
rc
h 2
0
p
one
nt
s a
n
d
l
o
-
Z-s
o
urce in
v
w
ill m
a
k
e
th
e
P
n
d
wi
ll
lo
wer
a
ve
t
h
e st
ora
g
e
e
sea
r
ch on t
h
e
ry connec
te
d
e battery con
n
n
vert
er o
u
t
p
u
t
in
C
2
. So t
h
e
[5]
.
On the
b
a
o
nnected i
n
p
a
d
eri
n
g
th
e all
f
qZS
I
f
o
r
en
s
s
and
super
c
a
dem
a
nde
d b
y
i
nt
e
g
rat
e
d i
n
m
reliab
ility
f
a
r
e 1.
O
F Q
UAZ
I
Z
ogi
c
a
l
st
ruct
u
el with
C
1
is
s
u
re 2.
Sc
he
m
a
0
17
:
33
5 – 3
4
o
wer c
o
st.
v
erter (qZ
S
I
)
h
P
V system
:
co
st.
e
system
con
n
h
e QZ
SI wit
h
d
in
p
a
rallel
w
n
ected i
n
pa
r
a
t
po
w
e
r
,
t
h
e s
y
e
topo
log
i
cal
s
a
sis of the a
b
a
rallel with C
1
above wo
rk
s
s
ure a bi
di
r
e
c
a
p
acitors. W
i
y
gr
id
an
d
th
is system
,
t
a
ce t
h
e all
op
Figure
Z
SOU
RCE
I
N
u
re of
QZSI
w
s
ho
wn
i
n
Fi
g
u
a
of
Quazi Z
s
4
3
h
as s
o
me attr
a
n
ected in pa
ra
l
h
en
ergy sto
r
a
w
ith
C
2
[6]
.
B
a
a
llel with
C
1
.
y
ste
m
with
C
1
struct
ure wit
h
b
ov
e
r
e
s
e
ar
ch
,
is chose
n
as
t
in
th
i
s
f
i
e
l
d
,
c
tio
n
a
l po
wer
i
th
t
h
e r
a
p
i
d
l
fo
r ob
taine
d
t
h
e
se latter,
p
erat
i
o
n c
o
ndi
t
e
1.
The
Pro
p
o
N
VETE
R
w
ith
st
o
r
ag
e
u
re
2
.
s
ou
rce i
nve
rt
e
r
a
ctive adva
nt
a
l
lel with
t
h
e c
a
ge devi
ce,
J
a
om
i
ng Ge p
r
By com
p
arin
g
1
has a
wi
de
r
b
h
C
1
is p
r
efer
a
,
t
h
e t
opol
og
i
t
he m
a
i
n
ci
rc
u
th
e objectiv
e
fl
ow bet
w
ee
l
y
vari
at
i
o
n
o
d
a
go
od
s
t
p
rese
nte rapi
d
t
i
ons
.
Th
e
b
a
s
o
se
d syste
m
system
s
(bat
t
r
with
b
a
tteri
e
a
ge
s m
o
re su
i
a
p
acitiv
e ele
m
J
or
ge G. C
i
n
t
r
o
pos
es an
ot
h
g
th
e
two
k
i
n
d
b
attery d
i
sch
a
a
ble in appli
c
i
c
a
l structure
u
it of th
e sch
e
m
e
of th
is
stu
d
y
n
the electric
o
f t
h
e e
x
ter
n
t
ora
g
e dy
na
m
d
ly
s
t
o
r
ag
e
r
e
s
s
ic
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
o
t
eries and su
p
e
s and
s
upe
rc
a
ISS
N
:
2
i
table fo
r app
m
en
ts.
[
5
]-[8]
.
t
ro
n-R
i
ve
ra
p
h
er t
o
pologica
n
ds of
st
r
u
ct
u
r
a
r
g
i
ng p
o
w
e
r
r
c
atio
n
of
th
e
P
o
f
QZSI wit
h
m
e
in
th
is
p
a
p
y
i
s
t
o
e
l
a
b
o
r
c
al gri
d
and
P
n
al p
a
r
a
me
te
r
m
ics p
e
rfo
r
m
s
pons
e tim
e,
o
f t
h
e st
udi
e
d
p
e
r
ca
pacitors
)
a
p
a
cito
rs
2
088
-86
94
lication
in
.
p
roposes a
l structure
r
e, we
f
i
nd
r
ange th
an
P
V po
we
r
h
b
a
tteries
p
er.
r
ate a
ne
w
P
V s
y
ste
m
s
and the
m
ance, the
so we
ca
n
syst
e
m
is
)
wh
ich
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJPE
D
Ne
w
th
ro
u
g
charg
ot
he
r
VSI
w
case.
th
ro
u
g
T
2
=
T
D
S
w
St
rat
e
gy
C
o
n
There
are
t
g
h state.
Thei
r
In the
sh
o
e th
e two in
d
u
ha
nd
, i
n
t
h
e
n
w
hi
c
h
i
s
c
ont
r
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
C
C
L
L
dt
du
C
dt
du
C
dt
di
L
dt
di
L
C
C
L
L
dt
du
C
dt
du
C
dt
di
L
dt
di
L
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
We de
fin
e
g
h m
ode, wi
t
T
0
+
T
1
.T
he e
q
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
(
L
L
c
b
c
D
dt
di
L
u
dt
di
L
dt
du
c
i
dt
du
c
n
t
r
ol
of
Bi
di
r
e
t
wo
w
o
r
k
ing
s
r
e
q
ui
val
e
nt
c
(a
)
S
h
o
o
t
-
t
Figure
3
o
t
-
t
hr
oug
h
st
a
u
ct
ors at the
s
n
on
sh
oo
t-
t
h
r
o
r
ol
l
e
d
by
si
x
a
1
su
p
2
1
2
L
L
ba
t
t
C
C
pv
i
i
i
i
u
u
u
dc
L
batt
L
C
C
pv
i
i
i
i
i
u
u
u
2
s
u
1
2
1
e
T
0
as the ti
m
t
h
a switchin
g
q
uat
i
o
n sy
st
e
m
1
2
1
2
sup
)
1
(
(
)
1
(
1
(
c
c
c
pv
L
L
c
b
att
u
D
D
u
D
Du
u
Di
i
D
D
i
I
S
e
ctio
na
l Qua
n
s
tates for
th
e
b
i
rc
uits are
s
h
o
t
hr
ough
3
. Th
e tw
o op
e
a
te of
Fig
u
re
3
s
a
m
e tim
e.T
h
o
ug
h st
at
e, a
s
a
ctive
vect
ors
c
dc
c
i
u
p
m
e in
terv
al fo
r
g
cycle T
2
. T
h
m
becom
e
suc
2
1
1
2
1
)
1
)
1
(
(
)
c
c
dc
L
L
u
i
D
D
Di
i
D
SSN
:
208
8-8
6
n
zi Z Sou
rce
I
n
b
atter
y
-assist
e
o
wn
in Figur
e
e
ratin
g m
o
d
e
o
3a
, t
h
e
di
o
d
e
h
e state space
s
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
b
s
h
and t
w
o trad
i
r
sh
oo
t th
ro
u
g
h
e s
h
oo
t
-th
r
o
u
c
h as:
)
1
dc
i
D
6
94
n
verter with
B
e
d QZS
I
, i.e.,
3.
o
f Quazi
Z s
o
will b
e
cu
t o
f
equat
i
o
ns of
t
h
o
w
s, th
e inv
e
i
t
i
onal
zer
o
v
e
g
h m
ode and
u
gh
du
ty r
a
ti
o
B
att
e
ries ...
. (
B
sho
o
t
-t
hr
o
u
g
h
(b
)
N
o
n
s
h
o
o
u
rce i
nve
rte
r
f
f, a
n
d the
D
C
t
his case are
s
e
rt
er will b
e
o
e
cto
r
s
.
Th
e
e
q
T
1
as the
tim
e
o
is th
en
d
e
f
i
B
ou
keb
bou
s S
e
h
state a
n
d
no
ot
- th
rou
gh
C
source a
nd
s
ho
wn i
n
e
q
u
a
o
per
a
t
e
d as a
t
q
uat
i
on 2 re
pr
e
e
interval for
fi
ne
d as D
=
T
e
i
f
ed
di
ne)
33
7
n
shoo
t-
capacitors
a
tio
n 1
.
In
t
radi
t
i
onal
e
sen
t
e th
is
(1
)
(2
)
n
on s
h
oot
T
0
/T
2
,
and
(3)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJPE
D
33
8
switc
h
The
D
p
ow
e
r
3.
P
super
c
Fi
g
3.
1.
M
b
atte
r
a.
B
a
D
S
Vol. 8, N
o
In the ste
a
h
ing cycl
e ar
e
C
D
u
2
1
1
1
L
B
i
i
2
D
C-link
vo
lta
g
C
dc
u
V
1
In th
is sy
r
diffe
ren
ce
t
h
g
batt
P
P
P
RI
NCI
PE
O
The c
o
nt
r
c
ap
acito
rs) b
a
g
u
r
e 4.
B
l
oc c
M
PPT c
o
n
t
r
o
Whe
n
ig
n
r
y vo
ltag
e
V
ba
t
C
batt
u
V
From
(8
)
w
B
y
vary
i
n
g t
h
a
ccordingly.
o
. 1,
M
a
rc
h 2
0
a
dy st
ate, the
a
e
both ze
r
o
. A
c
pv
u
D
D
2
,
C
u
2
c
L
i
i
sup
1
g
e a
v
era
g
e
va
l
pv
u
D
D
2
1
1
stem we
are
h
r
o
ug
h usi
ng:
pv
g
ri
d
P
P
O
F CONT
R
O
r
ol
bl
ock
di
a
g
a
se
d on
Q
u
asi
-
ont
rol
of
t
h
e
P
o
l
oring
th
e vo
l
t
t,
so
fr
om
(6)
,
u
D
D
2
1
1
1
w
e fi
nd:
h
e shoo
t thr
o
0
17
:
33
5 – 3
4
a
vera
g
e
vol
t
a
g
c
cor
d
in
g to
(
3
pv
u
D
D
2
1
2
l
ue i
s
:
three powe
r
c
P
s
up
O
L
g
ram
of
the
P
-
Z-s
o
urce i
n
v
e
P
V gri
d
-c
o
n
n
e
l
t
a
ge dr
o
p
on
w
e
obt
ai
n
[
5
]
pv
u
S
o
ug
h tim
e o
v
4
3
g
e of the ind
u
3
), we
ca
n o
b
t
v
f
l
ow
s
ar
e
co
PV gr
i
d
-
c
on
n
erter is sh
ow
n
e
cted QZSI
w
th
e intern
al
]
,[
6]
:
o:
p
u
v
er one s
w
i
t
u
ct
ors a
n
d t
h
e
ain:
n
t
ro
lled, th
e
n
ecte
d
a
n
d e
n
n
i
n
Fi
gu
re
4.
w
it
h
b
a
tteries
a
resistance, t
h
p
v
D
D
1
2
1
chi
n
g cycle,
cu
rre
nt o
f
th
e
fou
r
on
e au
t
o
n
erg
y
s
t
or
a
g
e
n
d su
per
c
ap
a
c
h
e vol
t
a
ge
u
C
1
ba
tt
V
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ISS
N
:
2
e
capacitance
s
o
m
a
tical
ly m
a
e
system
(ba
t
c
itors system
1
i
s
appr
ox
i
m
o
ltag
e
can
b
2
088
-86
94
s
ove
r o
n
e
(4
)
(5
)
(6
)
a
tch
e
s the
(7
)
teries an
d
storage
m
ate
to
the
(8
)
e
b
oost
e
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJPE
D
Ne
w
b.
T
t
h
c.
T
track
i
corre
s
corre
s
is in
t
and h
e
3.
2
Q
cont
r
o
v
o
lta
g
desi
r
e
v
o
lta
g
D
S
w
St
rat
e
gy
C
o
n
T
he i
n
p
u
t
vol
t
a
h
ro
ugh
tim
e i
s
T
he m
a
xim
u
m
The pert
u
i
ng
con
t
ro
l
m
s
p
ond
ing po
w
s
po
n
d
i
n
g po
w
t
he cor
r
e
c
t
di
r
e
n
ce t
h
e
corr
e
Q
uaz
i
Z
sou
r
In the sa
m
o
lled on
t
h
e
b
a
The activ
e
g
e (V
d
,V
q
) a
n
e
d refe
ren
ce
a
c
d
d
I
V
Q
I
V
P
The sim
p
l
g
e in
th
e
sin
u
s
n
t
r
ol
of
Bi
di
r
e
a
ge V
pv
in
cre
a
s
increase
d
.
m
po
we
r
poi
nt
v
r
b
at
i
on a
n
d
o
m
et
hods.
I
n
t
h
i
w
er
P
1
is c
a
w
er
P
2
is calcu
l
r
ect
i
on;
ot
he
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
i
n
g vol
r
ce
in
v
e
t
e
r
m
e way as th
e
a
sis of
the
d
−
F
e
a
n
d reactiv
e
n
d line curren
t
c
tiv
e an
d rea
c
d
q
q
q
q
d
I
V
I
I
V
I
e
b
oost
co
nt
r
o
s
oi
dal
p
u
l
s
e
w
Figure
I
S
e
ctio
na
l Qua
n
a
se
s when the
v
oltag
e
can b
e
o
bse
r
v
a
t
i
on (
P
i
s technique
,
a
lculated. Co
n
l
ated. P
2
is t
h
e
r
wise it shoul
d
t
age
(V
opt
=V
r
e
con
v
e
nt
i
ona
l
q
m
o
d
e
l [5
],[
1
F
ig
ur
e 5
.
d-
q
a
e
pow
er
(
P
,
Q
t
(I
d
,
I
q
). T
h
e
c
tiv
e po
wers (
P
So
o
l [4
],[
1
7
]
-
[
2
0
w
i
d
t
h
m
odul
at
i
6.
B
l
oc
of
i
n
t
SSN
:
208
8-8
6
n
zi Z Sou
rce
I
n
shoo
t
-
t
hr
oug
h
e
t
r
a
c
ked
by
a
P
&O
)
meth
o
d
first th
e
PV
n
si
deri
ng
a
s
e
n c
o
m
p
ared
w
d
be
re
verse
d
r
ef
)
ca
n be det
l v
o
ltage-sou
r
13
]-
[16
]
.
Th
e
a
ctive and
rea
c
Q
) can
be bot
h
e
re
fo
re, the
re
f
P
re
f
, Q
re
f
), as
f
qr
e
dr
e
I
I
0
]
fo
r q
Z
SI is
i
on P
W
M
,
t
h
e
t
eg
rat
e
dut
y
r
a
6
94
n
verter with
B
h
ti
me is d
e
cr
e
a
dj
ustin
g th
e
s
d
i
s
one
of
t
h
vol
t
a
ge
a
n
d
c
s
ma
l
l
p
e
r
t
u
r
b
w
ith
P
1
. If
P
2
i
d
. In
th
is
way
,
e
rm
inate [9]-
[
r
ce inve
rt
er,
t
cont
rol
bl
oc
i
c
tiv
e co
n
t
ro
l
p
h
ex
pre
s
s
e
d
b
f
ere
n
ce curre
n
f
o
llo
ws:
2
2
d
q
ref
ef
d
d
ref
ef
V
V
P
V
V
P
u
s
ed
to
in
te
g
e
Fig
u
re 6
illu
s
at
io
in PWM
m
B
att
e
ries ...
. (
B
e
ase
d
, and
de
c
s
hoo
t
-
t
hr
oug
h
h
e common
m
c
u
rre
nt are
m
b
atio
n of
vo
l
i
s m
o
r
e
th
a
n
P
the peak
po
w
[
12
].
he out
put
po
w
i
s
shown in F
i
p
ow
e
r
b
y
usi
n
g
P
a
rk
n
ts
(
I
dre
f
, I
qre
f
)
2
2
q
d
ref
q
q
re
f
V
V
Q
V
V
Q
r
ate the duty
r
s
trate the c
o
n
t
m
odul
at
i
o
n
B
ou
keb
bou
s S
e
c
reases
whe
n
du
ty ratio
.
m
axim
u
m
p
o
m
e
a
s
u
r
ed
and
l
tag
e
in on
e
P
1
, th
en
th
e p
e
w
er po
in
t is
r
w
er
o
f
th
e
q
Z
i
gu
r
e
5.
k
c
o
m
pone
nt
s
which
allo
w
s
ratio
D
and t
h
t
r
o
l
bl
oc.
e
i
f
ed
di
ne)
33
9
th
e
sh
o
o
t
-
o
we
r p
o
in
t
henc
e t
h
e
d
i
rect
i
on
e
rt
ur
bat
i
o
n
r
ec
og
ni
ze
d
Z
SI ca
n be
of s
u
ppl
y
s
ettin
g
t
h
e
(9
)
h
ree-pha
se
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJPE
D
34
0
carri
e
carri
e
3.
3.
B
stora
g
suc
h
a
a.
4.
S
th
e t
w
diffe
r
obt
ai
n
D
S
Vol. 8, N
o
The P
V
v
o
e
r signal, t
h
en
e
r signal, t
h
en
B
uck b
o
ost c
The DC/
D
g
e system
is s
h
The s
u
per
c
c
V
P
sup
The re
fer
e
a
s m
e
nt
i
oned
the supercap
a
S
IM
ULATI
O
The sim
u
l
w
o st
ora
g
e el
e
en
t situ
atio
n
s
The sim
u
l
n
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
. 1,
M
a
rc
h 2
0
o
ltag
e
refe
re
n
all th
e
swi
t
c
h
all th
e switc
h
ont
r
o
l
D
C
bi
di
rect
i
o
n
h
ow
n in
Fig
u
r
c
ap
ac
ito
r
s
p
o
w
c
c
I
V
sup
sup
,
e
nce powe
r
o
in
Figu
r
e
8a.
a
citors
re
fe
re
n
O
N RESULT
atio
n
is carri
e
e
m
e
n
t
s (b
atte
r
(PV pow
er p
r
l
atio
n
is ach
i
e
array
fo
r
v
a
r
i
0
17
:
33
5 – 3
4
n
ce be
com
e
s
t
h
h
es in th
e th
r
e
h
es
will b
e
i
n
t
n
al converter
(
r
e 7.
Fi
gu
re 7.
B
i
w
e
r
i
s
gi
ve
n s
u
,
ref
c
I
_
sup
f the s
upe
rc
a
S
o
t
h
e c
ont
r
o
n
ce pow
e
r
Figure
8
S
e
d ou
t
with
M
r
i
e
s and s
u
p
e
r
r
odu
ced, p
o
w
e
Tab
l
E
LEME
N
T
M
a
x PV pow
e
Batteries volt
a
Supercapacit
o
Tran
sf
o
r
m
e
r
(
Y
Electri
c grid (
V
Switching fre
q
e
ve
d i
n
2.
5s,
b
i
ou
s illu
min
a
t
4
3
h
e shoo
t
-th
r
o
u
e
e arm
s
will
b
t
h
e
on
po
sitio
n
(
buc
k
-
b
oost
c
i
di
r
ect
i
onal
D
uc
h as
[
15]
,
[
2
c
ref
c
V
P
sup
_
sup
a
p
acito
rs P
supc
_
o
l used is g
i
v
e
8
.
S
upe
rcapa
c
M
AT
LA
B/SI
M
r
capacitors
).
S
er injected).
T
l
e 1. Param
e
t
e
e
r (
P
p
vm
a
x
) (k
W)
a
ge (V
b
at
t
)
(V
)
o
r
s
voltage (
V
su
p
c
)
(
Y/
Y)
(V)
V)
q
u
e
ncy (k
Hz)
b
eca
use the
li
m
t
i
ons a
nd t
e
m
u
gh
re
fe
renc
e
b
e in t
h
e
on p
o
n
.
c
o
nve
rt
er)
us
e
D
C
/
D
C
co
nve
r
2
1]
,[
2
2
]
:
_
ref
is calcula
t
e
n
in Figur
e
8
b
b. s
up
er
c
a
c
itors
contr
o
l
M
UL
IN
K to
e
v
S
eve
r
al num
e
r
T
able 1
s
h
ows
e
r Val
u
es
Values
5.
6
12*3
4
)
(
V
)
2.
7*10
0
220/3
8
0
220/3
8
0
10
m
ita
tio
n
me
m
m
perature o
f
2
signal V
re
f
.
I
o
sitio
n
.
Also
i
d f
o
r
c
ont
r
o
l
l
t
e
r
t
ed from
the
b
.
a
pacito
rs
b
uc
k
v
al
uate our sy
s
r
ic si
m
u
latio
n
the val
u
es
o
f
0
0
0
m
ory
.
Fi
gu
r
e
1
5°
C
.
The M
P
ISS
N
:
2
If
V
ref
is low
e
i
f V
ref
is
h
i
gh
e
l
i
ng t
h
e
su
pe
r
(
re
fere
nce a
c
t
k
boo
st
co
n
t
r
o
st
em
behavi
o
r
n
s are accom
p
f
i
m
port
a
nt
el
e
1
0 show
s th
e
P
PT is ab
le t
o
2
088
-86
94
e
r
th
an
th
e
e
r th
an the
r
capaci
t
or
s
(
10
)
i
ve po
w
e
r
o
ls
r
base
d o
n
p
l
i
s
hed f
o
r
e
men
t
.
PV powe
r
o
track
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PED
S
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
6
9
4
N
e
w
St
rat
e
gy
C
ont
r
o
l
of
Bi
di
rect
i
o
n
a
l
Q
u
an
zi
Z S
o
u
rce
I
n
v
e
rt
er w
i
t
h
Bat
t
eri
e
s ...
. (
B
o
u
k
e
bb
o
u
s
Sei
f
ed
di
ne)
34
1
maxi
m
u
m
power le
vel at differe
nt illum
i
nations with
a
cceptable dyna
mic
response
.
During the
pe
riod of
1
000
W
/
m
2
we can obt
ai
n t
h
e
m
a
xim
u
m
po
wer o
f
5.
6 k
W
.
Whe
n
t
h
e pr
o
duce
d
p
h
o
t
o
vo
l
t
a
i
c
energy
i
s
hi
g
h
e
r
than the
refe
re
nce im
posed, i
t
on m
o
re e
n
e
r
gy is
stor
ed in the
batteries, in the c
o
ntra
ry case t
h
e
ba
ttery
in
terv
en
es;
th
erefo
r
e we h
a
ve
tran
sf
er
of pb
attery po
wer
to
th
e electrical g
r
id, lik
e
de
m
o
n
s
tarated
in
the
sy
st
em
powe
r
f
l
ow o
f
Fi
gu
re 9
a
n
d
Fi
g
u
r
e 1
6
.
The Fi
g
u
re
1
2
and
Fi
g
u
r
e 1
5
i
m
proves t
h
at
t
h
e c
ont
rol
de
vi
ce m
a
kes i
t
po
ssi
bl
e t
o
i
m
pos
e t
h
e
val
u
e
s
desi
re
d o
f
i
n
je
ct
ed cur
r
ent
s
a
nd act
i
v
e an
d r
eact
i
v
e po
wers
wi
t
h
a very
g
o
od
dy
nam
i
cs. In ot
he
r ha
n
d
,
we can
tran
sit th
e activ
e power P
grid
with a QZ
SI
from
electric grid to the
st
ora
g
e sy
stem
(batteries). I
n
Fi
gu
re 1
1
because the
re
active powe
r i
m
posed (Q
re
f
=0
), th
e in
terv
al
b
e
tween
t
h
e
vo
lta
g
e
an
d curren
t is
nu
ll in
case of
in
j
ected
p
o
wer or recov
r
ed
, so
th
e power facto
r
is m
a
in
tain
1
.
Fig
u
re
9
.
Po
wer fl
o
w
Fig
u
re
10
.
PV
p
o
wer for
v
a
ri
ab
le illu
m
i
n
a
ti
o
n
Figure
11.
V
o
ltage a
n
d
gri
d
c
u
r
r
ent
Fi
gure
12.
Form
of
the c
u
r
r
e
n
t injecte
d
t
o
the
grid
Fi
gu
re
1
3
.
Si
m
p
l
e
t
h
ree
phas
e
v
o
l
t
a
ge
of
QZ
i
nvet
e
r
Fi
gure
14.
DC link of
QZ i
nve
r
t
er
0
0.
5
1
1.
5
2
2.
5
-4
0
0
0
-2
0
0
0
0
20
00
40
00
60
00
80
00
P
o
w
e
r (W
)
P
bat
t
Pp
v
Ps
u
p
c
Pg
r
i
d
0.
75
0.
8
0.
85
0.
9
-3
00
-2
00
-1
00
0
10
0
20
0
30
0
V
g
ri
d
(V
),
2
0
*
I
g
ri
d
(A
)
i
n
j
e
c
t
ed pow
er
Vg
r
i
d
Ig
r
i
d
2.
06
2.
08
2.
1
2.
1
2
2.
14
2.
16
-3
00
-2
00
-1
00
0
10
0
20
0
30
0
t(
s
)
V
g
ri
d
(V
),
2
0
*
I
g
ri
d
(A
)
r
e
c
o
v
e
r
ed p
o
w
e
r
Vg
r
i
d
Ig
r
i
d
0.
56
0.
58
0.
6
0.
6
2
0.
64
0.
66
0.
68
-4
0
0
-3
0
0
-2
0
0
-1
0
0
0
10
0
20
0
30
0
40
0
t(
s
)
Vi
n
v
(
V
)
0
0.
5
1
1.
5
2
2.
5
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
t(
s
)
Vd
c
(
V
)
0
0.
5
1
1.
5
2
2.
5
0
10
00
20
00
30
00
40
00
50
00
60
00
t(
s
)
Pp
v
(
W
)
G
=
600 w
/
m
²
G
=
700 w
/
m
²
G
=
800 w
/
m
²
G
=
800 w
/
m
²
G
=
1000 w
/
m
²
0
0.
5
1
1.
5
2
2.
5
-1
5
-1
0
-5
0
5
10
15
t(
s
)
I
g
ri
d
(A
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-86
94
I
J
PED
S
Vo
l. 8
,
No
. 1
,
Mar
c
h
2
017
:
33
5
–
34
3
34
2
Fig
u
re
15
.
Activ
e an
d reactiv
e po
wer i
n
j
ected
to th
e
grid
Figure
16.
Batteries voltage
Whe
n
t
h
e st
or
age
po
we
r re
f
e
rence
is im
p
o
se
d,
the batteries power
follow t
h
e
perm
anent
re
gim
e
m
ode because
it has a l
o
ng
constant tim
e,
in
other
way
the Supe
rca
p
a
c
itors
powe
r purs
ue t
h
e a tra
n
sient
m
o
d
e
o
f
th
e imp
o
s
ed activ
e
po
wer i
n
an
y con
d
ition
s
lik
e sho
w
in
Figu
re 17
an
d Figure
18
.
Fig
u
re
1
7
.
Refere
nce a
n
d s
upe
rca
p
acitors
po
we
r
Figure
18. Re
fere
nce a
n
d s
u
perca
p
acitors
powe
r
C
o
m
a
ped wi
t
h
ot
her
pre
v
i
o
u
s
st
udi
es, t
h
e
al
l
resul
t
s
pres
ent
e
d s
h
o
w
an
d co
nfi
r
m
t
h
at
t
h
e cont
r
o
l
st
rat
e
gy
ad
opt
ed wi
t
h
t
w
o st
ora
g
e sy
st
em
s
(bat
t
e
ri
es an
d
sup
e
rca
p
aci
t
o
r
s
) m
a
kes i
t
po
ssi
bl
e t
o
m
a
nage t
h
e
p
o
wer
fl
o
w
exch
ang
e
d
with
haig
h
flex
i
b
ility
d
e
g
r
es
in
all
co
nd
itio
ns with
v
e
ry go
od
p
e
rfo
rm
an
ces.
5.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
The pape
r pres
ent
t
h
e desi
g
n
,
m
odel
i
ng
an
d cont
rol
of bi
di
r
ect
i
onal
q
Z
SI
i
nve
rt
er wi
t
h
ba
t
t
e
ri
es
an
d
su
percap
acito
rs syste
m
s
t
o
r
ag
e in
grid
co
nn
ected
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic in
stallatio
n
s
. Th
e
grid
-con
n
ected
p
o
wer
in
j
ection
was
fu
lfilled
with
P-Q
d
e
co
up
led co
n
t
ro
l w
ith
max
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
i
n
t
track
ing
of th
e PV p
a
n
e
l
s
i
n
t
e
grat
e
d
by
a
sim
p
l
e
boo
st
m
e
t
hod
use
d
i
n
qZ
SI
.
Whe
n
t
h
e o
u
t
p
ut
p
o
w
e
r o
f
p
h
o
t
o
vol
t
a
i
c
panel
s
i
s
g
r
eat
er
than t
h
e
grid-c
onnected powe
r
, the
su
rp
lu
s
p
o
wer is absorb
ed b
y
the stor
age
batteries.
In t
h
e c
ont
rary
case,
t
h
e l
ack
of
po
wer i
s
s
u
ppl
e
m
ent
e
d by
t
h
e
st
ora
g
e
bat
t
e
ry
. The
n
g
o
od
per
f
o
r
m
a
nce o
f
t
h
e
gri
d
-c
on
nect
e
d
cur
r
ent
i
s
achi
e
ved
.
In
ot
he
r h
a
nd
, fo
r acq
ui
r
e
a goo
d st
ora
g
e dy
nam
i
cs per
f
o
r
m
a
nce,
superca
p
aci
t
o
rs h
a
ve a
fast respon
se time, th
u
s
we inco
rpo
r
ate it in
o
u
r system
,
th
e co
n
t
ro
l is ado
p
t
ed
with
b
i
directio
n
a
l bu
ck-boo
st
co
nv
erter fo
r
rei
m
b
u
r
se a tran
sito
ry
p
e
ri
o
d
ti
m
e
o
f
th
e referen
ce
po
wer
in
all co
nd
ition
s
. Th
e sim
u
latio
n
s
resu
lts ob
tain
ed
in
m
a
n
y
rig
o
r
ou
s cond
itio
n
s
confirm
th
e v
i
ab
ility an
d
v
a
lid
ity o
f
th
e p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
syst
e
m
an
d
cont
rol st
rateg
y
.
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0
0.
5
1
1.
5
2
2.
5
-2
0
0
0
-1
0
0
0
0
10
00
20
00
30
00
40
00
50
00
60
00
t
(
s
)
P
(W
),
Q
(V
A
R
)
Pr
e
f
Pg
r
i
d
Qre
f
Qg
ri
d
0
0.
5
1
1.
5
2
2.
5
0
50
10
0
15
0
20
0
25
0
30
0
35
0
40
0
45
0
t(
s
)
V
b
a
tt (
V
)
0
0.
5
1
1.
5
2
2.
5
413
414
415
416
Z
oom
0
0.
5
1
1.
5
2
2.
5
-
5
000
0
5
000
10
000
t(
s
)
P
b
a
t
t
(W
),
P
r
e
f
(W
),
P
s
u
p
c
-re
f
(W
),
P
s
u
p
c
(W
)
Psu
p
c
P
s
u
p
c-re
f
Pr
ef
Pbat
t
2.
1
4
2.
1
6
2.
1
8
2.
2
2.
2
2
2.
2
4
2.
26
2.
28
-
2
000
-
1
000
0
1
000
2
000
3
000
4
000
5
000
6
000
t
(
s
)
b
a
t
t
(W
),
P
r
e
f
(W
),
P
s
u
p
c
-re
f
(W
),
P
s
u
p
c
(W
)
Psu
p
c
P
s
u
p
c-re
f
Pr
ef
Pbat
t
Z
OOM
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PED
S
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
6
9
4
N
e
w
St
rat
e
gy
C
ont
r
o
l
of
Bi
di
rect
i
o
n
a
l
Q
u
an
zi
Z S
o
u
rce
I
n
v
e
rt
er w
i
t
h
Bat
t
eri
e
s ...
. (
B
o
u
k
e
bb
o
u
s
Sei
f
ed
di
ne)
34
3
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,
“
An Energ
y
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tored Quas
i-Z
-
S
ource Invert
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r Applicat
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c
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stem
,”
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i
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e
r
a
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Quas
i-Z-
S
ource Inver
t
er
with En
erg
y
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t
o
r
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Photovo
ltaic Power G
e
n
e
ration S
y
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t
ems
,”
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P
a
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ored Quas
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e
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t
em
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s
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e
rt
er
,”
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[19]
S. Thangapr
akas
h
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Unified MPPT Control Strateg
y
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m
s
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G
.
P
r
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h and
C. S
ubram
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S
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ctor
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s
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i
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ation of
Quasi Z
-
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t
er
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S
y
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,”
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e
r Electronics and
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[21]
X. Liu,
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br
id Batte
r
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a-
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itor En
erg
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e for Stand-alon
e Photovoltaic S
y
stem
,”
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,
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.
[22]
Q.
Kang,
et al.
,
“
E
nerg
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m
a
nag
e
m
e
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ed P
V
s
y
s
t
em
s
with s
upercapac
itors
energ
y
s
t
orage
,”
I
EEE
,
pp. 1-5
,
2011
.
BIOGRAP
HI
ES OF
AUTH
ORS
Seif eddine B
O
UKEBBOUS,
was born in
constantin
e, alg
e
ria, in
1987,
He receiv
ed th
e
Bachelor
'
s
degree from Toufik k
h
eznad
ar technica
l second
ar
y
sch
ool in 2005. An
d the eng
i
neer
degree in
electro
t
echn
i
cs from un
iversity
men
t
our
i
constantin
e, Algeria,
in 2010. A
nd he r
e
ceived
the m
a
gister d
e
gree in
el
ectr
i
cal engin
eering
fr
om
m
ilitar
y
pol
y
t
echn
i
c school
(EMP), Algiers,
Algeria, in 2013. For his work on
grid-connected
photovoltaic gen
e
ration s
y
st
ems. He is currently
working toward
the P
h
.D degr
ee in
el
ectro
te
c
hni
cs, laborator
y
of
electr
ical
engineering of
Constantine (
L
GEC), university
constantin
e 1, Algeria.
His
res
earch
inter
e
s
t
s
include power
electronics conv
erter
,
r
e
newab
l
e
energ
y
g
e
ner
a
tio
n technolog
y
,
an
d energ
y
storag
e.
Djallel KERDOUN,
rec
e
ived
the B.
S
c
. Degr
ee and
M
.
S
c
.
d
e
gree
in E
l
e
c
tri
c
al Drive
and th
e
automation of in
dustrial and
tech
nological complexe
s
from
the T
echni
cal Univ
ers
i
t
y
, Ins
t
i
t
ute o
f
Energ
y
of Moscow, Russia, in 1
995 and 1997, r
e
spect
ively
.
And he received
the
Ph.D. degree in
ele
c
tri
cal
engine
ering from
the Techn
i
ca
l Unive
r
sit
y
, Institu
te of
Energ
y
of Moscow, Russia, in
2001 for his wo
rk on Asy
n
chro
nous Electr
i
c Drive
of Spherical
Drum
-Ty
p
e Mills with use of
Voltage Regu
lator. Since 2004,
he
has been with the depar
t
ment of
electrical Engineer
ing, Th
e
Universit
y
of Constantine1
, Constantin
e, Alg
e
ria
,
fi
rs
t as
a Res
ear
ch As
s
i
s
t
ant, the
n
as
a Lectur
er
in power electr
onic s
y
stems,
with the Power electronics, M
achines, and Control Group. His
research
inter
e
sts include Solid
State Drives,
Po
wer Converters, Electr
ical Mach
ines, and Wind
and Photovoltaic Po
wer Gener
a
tion.
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