In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
4, D
e
c
e
m
ber
201
9,
pp.
1995~
20
04
ISSN: 2088-
8694,
DOI
:
10.11591
/ijpeds.
v10.
i
4.pp1995-2004
1995
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
Analysis of solar energy tech
nology in leading countries
Kannan
Kaliap
p
an
1
,
M
Sa
nk
ar
2
, B Karthik
eyan
3
, Bud
amk
a
yala V
i
n
eet
h
4
, V.C
h
e
ta
n
Raju
5
1,
4
,
5
D
epart
e
m
e
nt
o
f E
l
ectri
cal and El
ect
ron
i
cs
E
n
g
in
eerin
g, S
N
I
ST ,
Hyd
e
rabad,
I
nd
ia.
2
Ash
o
k
R
a
o
ma
n
e
g
ro
up
of In
st
it
utio
n
s
,
Ma
ha
ra
sh
tra
, Ind
ia
.
3
S
e
t
h
u
Insti
t
ute o
f
Tech
no
log
y
,
Vi
ruhu
nag
a
r,
Tam
iln
adu,
I
nd
ia.
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
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:
Re
ce
i
v
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d
A
pr 17,
2
0
1
9
Re
vise
d Ju
l 2
2
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201
9
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c
c
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pte
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A
ug 3,
201
9
In
t
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p
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ergy
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in
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fo
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it´
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v
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.
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pl
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agen
da.
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n
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and
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s
u
p
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nn
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t
pro
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so
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of
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n
ergy
as
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t
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ff
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and
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nm
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evi
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ill
pl
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a
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per
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hotov
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f
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ergy
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roduct
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.
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eyw
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s
:
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new
a
b
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En
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S
o
lar
Ener
gy
Phot
o
v
o
lta
ic
Syste
ms
C
l
ea
n
En
erg
y
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
K
a
nna
n K
a
lia
p
p
a
n
,
Depa
rtem
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f
E
lectr
i
c
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l a
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d
Electro
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cs
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n
g
ine
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ri
n
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eenid
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ti
tute
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f
Scie
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and Te
c
h
n
o
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g
y
,
Y
a
m
n
am
pet,
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hat
k
esa
r
,
H
ydera
bad,
India.
Em
ail:
kan
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a
n
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@
g
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a
i
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1.
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TI
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n
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p
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ars,
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m
i
c
w
h
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req
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w
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soc
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b
u
t
a
l
s
o
for the
de
ve
lo
pe
d
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s [1]
.
The
e
nerg
y
pla
y
s
a
v
ita
l
role
i
n
a
l
l
se
c
t
o
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s.
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or
t
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x
i
st
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n
ce
un
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agre
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ent,
t
he
re
s
ho
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be
a
n
e
ffe
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t
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v
e
e
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er
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y
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lic
y
w
h
i
c
h
s
h
o
u
ld
c
onsis
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of
r
e
g
ul
a
t
or
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ins
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rum
e
nt
s,
e
con
o
m
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c
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tiv
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s,
i
nf
o
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mat
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on
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rov
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on
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w
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t
h
the
i
n
d
i
v
i
dua
l
c
oun
try
re
spec
ti
ve
m
e
a
sure
s
[2]
.
R
e
n
ew
ab
le
e
nerg
y
is
a
s
us
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
a
nd
fr
esh
so
urce
o
f
e
n
erg
y
w
h
ic
h
is
d
e
r
i
v
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f
r
o
m
t
h
e
n
a
ture
.
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ne
w
a
ble
e
n
e
r
g
y
w
i
ll
be
t
he
so
lu
t
i
on
i
n
t
he
f
ut
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e,
w
hich
t
ran
s
for
m
s
nat
u
ra
l
phe
n
o
m
ena
in
t
o
u
se
ful
e
n
er
g
y
.
The
r
e
is
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c
once
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n
rega
rd
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a
p
p
lic
a
t
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o
ns
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h
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lect
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s
o
f
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n
e
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n
erg
i
e
s
w
hic
h
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as
g
ot
i
ts
p
ace
i
n
pas
t
y
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rs.
The
r
e
are
s
o
me
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e
s
ea
rch
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e
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wh
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have
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n com
p
le
te
ly d
e
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l
ope
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rene
w
a
ble
ener
g
i
e
s
.
I
t
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
p
r
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c
e
s
f
o
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a
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d
t
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l
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i
t
y
p
r
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c
e
s
h
a
v
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ri
se
n
co
nti
nuo
usly
,
sin
c
e
l
a
st
f
ew
yea
r
s.
T
hrou
gh
t
he
u
t
i
liza
t
io
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of
t
he
r
e
n
ew
a
b
l
e
p
ow
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r
g
ene
r
ati
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n
sys
t
em
s
l
a
r
g
e
am
oun
t
o
f
t
he
e
ne
rgy
w
ill
be
save
d
a
n
d
a
gr
eat
c
o
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tri
b
ut
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w
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l
l
b
e
m
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o
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en
t
t
h
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o
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g
h
a
n
i
n
cre
a
se
i
n
users
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f
i
t
,
a
ls
o
ther
e
w
i
ll
be
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
io
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of
t
he
e
nv
iro
n
m
ent
a
s
t
he
re
i
s
a
red
u
c
t
io
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i
n
t
he
car
b
on
d
i
o
x
i
d
e
em
issi
on
a
nd
i
t
s
e
ffe
c
t
s.
Thro
ug
h
o
u
t
t
he
w
or
l
d
t
he
re
i
s
an
i
ssue
o
n
t
he
g
l
oba
l
w
a
rm
i
ng
w
h
i
c
h
is
due
t
o
the
em
iss
i
o
n
s
of
t
he
c
arbo
n
di
oxi
de.
In
m
ost
of
t
he
c
o
u
n
t
ries,
t
h
e
h
uge
a
mo
un
t
o
f
t
he
C
O
2
i
s
e
m
i
t
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d
t
h
rough
t
h
e
e
l
e
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ri
c
p
o
w
e
r
gene
ra
ti
o
n
.
T
h
i
s
gl
oba
l w
a
rm
i
n
g
ha
s a
sig
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t impa
ct
o
n
the
c
lim
ate c
h
ange
w
h
i
c
h
is a ma
jor iss
u
e, whic
h
is
w
i
d
e
l
y
d
i
sc
usse
d
a
nd
deb
a
te
d
t
h
ro
ug
hou
t
the
gl
o
b
e
.
D
ue
t
o
th
e
re
gul
a
r
hum
an
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
ies
t
h
er
e
is
a
m
ajor
ca
use
in
a
c
l
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ma
te
w
h
i
ch
i
s
d
u
e
t
o
t
he
e
xce
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ve
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miss
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of
g
r
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n
h
o
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se
g
ases
l
i
k
e
ca
rb
on
d
i
o
x
i
de,
me
tha
n
e
and
so
o
n.
I
n
the
re
ce
n
t
y
ea
r
s
,
env
i
ronme
n
ta
l
i
ssue
s
h
a
v
e
in
te
n
t
i
one
d
t
o
e
very
i
n
d
i
v
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du
al
i
n
the
w
o
r
l
d
and
so
l
a
r
pow
e
r
g
ene
r
at
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n
is
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m
etho
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of
s
o
l
vi
n
g
t
he
e
ne
rg
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re
l
a
t
e
d
issue
s
w
hic
h
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s
ga
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n
i
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u
npr
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d
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nte
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C
om
pare
d
w
i
t
h
a
n
y
o
t
h
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e
ne
rg
y
so
urc
e
,
t
h
e
p
hot
o
vo
l
ta
ic
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n
e
rg
y
i
s
n
on-p
o
ll
ute
d
a
n
d
h
a
s
m
an
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 :
1
9
9
5
– 2
004
1
996
bene
f
i
t
s
.
A
s
p
e
r
t
he
a
va
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l
a
b
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t
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of
g
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oba
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l
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r
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prop
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T
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th
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ner
g
y
a
t
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t
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w
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ch
m
u
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b
e
c
ap
a
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o
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ac
cu
mu
l
a
ti
n
g
t
h
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ergy
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f
fic
i
e
n
tl
y.
A
m
ong
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gy
me
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d
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s
qu
i
t
e
a
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f
or
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tr
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is no
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o CO
2 em
i
s
s
i
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s d
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g
t
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tio
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lit
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a
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v
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th
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ro
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e
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a
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o
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e
w
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l
d
,
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e
cl
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gy
s
o
urce
p
h
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o
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lta
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(
P
V
)
has
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c
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s
ide
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able
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h
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ro
n
ment
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f
i
t
s,
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t
a
voi
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t
h
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k
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d
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i
o
n a
n
d as
soc
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a
t
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p
rice
i
ns
t
a
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t
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. There
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a
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fi
can
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i
but
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up
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The
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in
w
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c
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e
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h
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r
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e
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l
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al
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W
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Indi
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o
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loba
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Dem
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olar ene
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l a
s
t
he s
olar P
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t
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p
are
d
w
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al
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em
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nerg
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g
enc
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y
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F
i
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tri
b
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of G
lo
b
a
l
A
n
n
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l
P
V
D
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ma
nd
I
t
’
s
c
le
ar
t
ha
t
t
h
e
m
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jor
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le
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n
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t
u
re
o
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th
e
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l
e
c
tr
ic
p
ow
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gener
a
t
i
o
n
w
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l
be
w
i
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h
P
V
cells.
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deve
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t
o
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V
syst
e
m
s
w
i
l
l
i
ncr
ease
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o
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s
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on
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V
ind
u
s
try
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t
i
s
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o
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sed
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e
x
p
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nt
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ll
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t
h
e
ir
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ost.
I
n
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w
ye
ars
ther
e
w
ill
be
m
a
j
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e
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opme
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t
.
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ne
x
t
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-
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ye
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r
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it
i
s
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ond
i
t
iona
l
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n
ma
ny
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s
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h
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erna
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ner
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ay
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n
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st
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ad
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t
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Int J
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2088-
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94
An
alys
is o
f
so
l
a
r
ene
r
gy
tec
h
no
logy
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le
a
d
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CHI
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Ene
r
g
y
i
s
s
i
gn
ifica
n
t
in
t
he
c
o
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e
se
ctor.
Th
e
se
co
nd
l
arge
st
e
l
e
c
tr
ici
t
y
s
u
p
p
l
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s
y
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tem
i
n
t
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or
ld
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he
g
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rm
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g
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s
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ue
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o
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c
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al
w
he
re
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ro
un
d
65%
o
f
prima
r
y
e
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er
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i
s
pro
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ce
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fr
om
i
t.
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n
20
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5
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the
Ch
i
n
a´
s
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l
pr
im
ary
ener
g
y
c
ons
umpt
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on
is
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u
e
t
o
co
a
l
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
of
68.7%
,
i
n
t
he
s
a
m
e
yea
r
t
he
O
E
CD
c
ou
n
t
r
i
e
s
w
a
s
a
bou
t
2
1
%.
T
he
h
ig
he
st
car
bo
n
i
n
ten
s
i
t
y
am
o
n
g
fos
s
i
l
f
ue
ls
i
s
d
u
e
to
t
he
c
oa
l,
t
he
c
oal-
fire
d
p
l
an
ts
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
out
pu
t
r
a
te
o
f
CO
2
pe
r
K
W
h
.
T
his
si
t
u
ati
o
n
cre
a
t
e
s
a
se
ri
ou
s
th
rea
t
t
o
g
l
ob
al
w
a
r
m
ing.
T
he
b
a
s
i
c
n
ee
ds
t
hrou
g
hou
t
t
h
e
w
o
rl
d
are
t
h
e
en
er
gy
,
s
uch
as
t
he
f
oo
d
an
d
th
e
she
lte
r.
P
a
r
ti
cular
l
y
in
C
hi
na,
w
h
ic
h
is
a
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
ng
c
o
u
n
t
ry
w
it
h
a
po
p
u
l
a
ti
on
o
f
1.
2
5
b
i
lli
o
n
,
ene
r
gy
is
h
u
g
el
y
re
quire
d
for
it
s
fa
st
g
row
t
h
in
e
c
o
n
o
mic.
O
v
e
r
the
la
st
t
w
o
d
e
cade
s
,
the
e
c
onom
i
c
growt
h
i
s
nea
r
l
y
1
0
%
p
er
y
ear
,
C
h
i
n
a´
s
ene
r
g
y
c
ons
u
m
ptio
n
has
be
en
r
api
d
l
y
i
n
c
re
asing.
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o
n
sid
e
rin
g
t
he
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equ
i
rem
e
nts
of
e
ne
rgy
an
d
i
t
´
s
f
eature
s
,
e
n
ergy
t
ec
hno
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gy
d
ev
e
l
op
me
n
t
i
s
signi
fi
c
a
n
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
C
h
i
na
´s
s
u
stai
na
ble
de
vel
o
pme
n
t
.
H
ow
eve
r
,
Ch
i
n
a
has
extre
m
e
l
y
r
i
c
h
s
ola
r
e
ner
gy
resourc
e
s,
b
u
t
t
he
n
ew
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
ci
t
y
generation
c
apac
ity
i
s
m
o
st
f
rom
th
e
f
o
ss
il
fue
l
s.
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s
the
r
e
ne
w
a
b
l
e
ele
c
t
r
ic
ity
c
a
p
ac
ity
a
nd
ge
ne
rat
i
o
n
has
a
s
ha
re
o
f
the
tota
l
ca
pa
city
by
w
h
ic
h
the
r
e
w
ill
be
d
e
c
re
ase
in
g
e
n
era
t
i
on
r
a
t
h
er
t
ha
n
incre
m
e
n
t
.
W
it
h
th
is
i
n
v
i
e
w
,
t
h
e
r
e
is
a
r
eason
for
n
o
t
be
in
g
op
tim
istic
a
b
o
u
t
fut
u
re
C
h
i
na
´
s
c
a
r
bo
n
e
m
is
sions.
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o
r
ac
ti
on
o
n
t
he
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
nerg
y
deve
lopm
en
t,
C
hina
i
s
at
c
rit
i
ca
l
cross
r
oa
ds.
I
n
t
he
r
e
cent
yea
r
s,
t
h
e
g
o
v
e
r
nm
en
t
o
f
C
h
i
n
a
h
a
s
i
m
pl
emen
t
e
d
St
at
e
Te
c
h
ni
cal
p
rob
l
e
m
t
r
a
c
ki
ng
P
l
a
n
,
h
i
g
h
t
ech
nol
ogy
r
e
s
e
a
rc
h
pl
a
n
,
in
du
st
ri
a
l
i
zed
d
e
ve
lopm
e
n
t
spec
ia
l
ite
m
and
ke
y
spe
c
i
a
l
i
tem
,
etc.
T
hr
oug
h
t
h
ese,
t
here
i
s
a
sup
por
t
from
the
g
ove
rnm
e
nt
on
t
h
e
u
til
i
zat
i
o
n
of
s
ol
a
r
e
n
e
rgy
,
p
ho
t
ovo
lt
ai
c
pow
er
g
e
n
e
r
at
io
n
a
nd
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
p
o
w
e
r
gene
ra
ti
o
n
pro
duc
t
s
.
Re
ga
rd
i
n
g
t
h
e
Ch
ina´
s
so
l
a
r
ene
r
g
y
eco
no
m
y
a
nd
its
i
m
p
orta
nt
s
i
t
ua
t
i
o
n
am
o
ng
a
l
l
of
t
he
c
o
u
nt
r
i
e
s
,
there
are
ma
ny
case
st
ud
ies.
T
he
P
V
in
dus
try
o
f
C
hi
na
i
s
grow
i
ng
m
u
c
h
f
aste
r
tha
n
a
n
y
o
t
h
er
c
o
untry
i
n
the
w
o
rl
d.
F
rom
year
-on-ye
a
r
,
the
po
p
u
l
a
r
ity
o
f
so
la
r
pow
er
i
s
grow
i
ng
a
nd
a
l
s
o
t
he
i
ns
tal
l
a
tio
n
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
.
I
n
t
h
e
y
e
a
r
2
0
1
6
s
o
l
a
r
P
V
i
s
t
h
e
seco
nd-
mos
t
p
os
iti
one
d
re
ne
w
a
ble
t
e
c
h
no
l
ogy
a
n
d
a
c
c
oun
te
d
for
4
3.3
%
of
t
he
n
e
w
ly
i
nsta
l
l
ed
r
en
e
w
able
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er
c
a
p
ac
ity
,
fol
l
o
w
e
d
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y
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in
d
an
d
hy
drop
ow
e
r
a
t
3
2
.
7
%
a
nd
1
7
.
7
%
r
e
spec
t
i
ve
ly.
T
h
e
F
i
gure
2 sh
o
w
s
th
e
ann
u
a
l
s
o
l
a
r
P
V
c
a
pac
i
t
y
i
nst
a
lla
t
i
ons
i
n
t
h
e C
h
i
n
a from
20
07-
2
017
.
F
i
gure
2.
A
nnu
al P
V ins
t
al
l
e
d Ca
pac
i
ty
i
n
Ch
ina
I
n
201
6
t
h
e
A
s
ia
-P
a
c
ifi
c
(
A
P
A
C
)
has
t
h
e
to
tal
ca
pac
i
t
y
o
f
52.3
8
M
W
a
n
d
a
lso
sur
p
a
s
se
d
the
a
n
nua
l
P
V
i
ns
t
a
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
Euro
pe.
A
n
n
u
a
l
P
V
capa
c
it
y
i
n
C
hi
na
i
s
i
n
t
e
ns
ifi
e
d
e
v
ery
yea
r
a
n
d
s
e
t
s
as
a
t
rade
ma
rk
f
or
eve
r
y
de
vel
o
p
e
d
nat
i
on.
I
n
t
h
e
yea
r
s
2
0
1
6
an
d
20
17
the
capa
c
i
t
y
w
a
s
a
l
m
os
t
do
u
b
le
d
a
n
d
sh
ow
c
a
s
i
n
g
t
he
impor
ta
nce
of
R
e
n
ew
ab
le
E
n
e
rgy
S
ource
s.
S
om
e
other
w
o
rld´
s
big
g
er
s
o
l
ar
P
V
com
p
on
e
n
t
m
a
n
u
fa
ct
ure
r
s
i
n
t
h
e
A
P
A
C
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
a
r
e
J
a
p
a
n
,
C
h
i
n
a
a
n
d
T
a
i
w
a
n
.
B
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
l
on
g-te
rm
polic
ies
a
n
d
pr
ov
id
i
ng
fi
n
a
ncia
l
i
n
c
e
nt
iv
e
s
a
nd
s
u
b
s
idi
e
s
b
y
t
h
e
A
P
A
C
go
ve
rn
men
t
s
f
o
r
th
e
so
l
a
r
m
odu
le
m
an
ufac
tur
i
ng,
t
h
i
s
hel
p
s
i
n
t
he
f
u
rther
m
a
rket
d
rive.
In
2
016
,
wi
th
i
n
t
h
e
A
P
A
C
re
g
i
on
,
C
h
in
a
wa
s
t
h
e
bi
gge
s
t
P
V
ma
rket
w
i
t
h
c
u
mula
t
i
v
e
in
sta
l
led
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
o
f
7
7
.5G
W
[
5-
7].
With
t
he
a
dd
i
t
ion
m
o
re
t
han
2
23G
W,
t
he
c
o
u
n
t
ry
i
s
e
xpe
c
t
i
n
g
t
o
con
t
in
u
e
t
he
d
omina
t
e
the
ma
rket
i
n
t
h
e
fore
cast
per
i
od
.
The
Ch
i
n
e
s
e
g
o
v
e
r
nm
en
t
pla
n
ned
t
o
s
upp
or
t
a
nd
t
o
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
t
h
e
n
o
n
-
f
o
s
s
i
l
f
u
e
l
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
2
0
%
b
y
2
0
3
0
[
8
].
T
he
gover
n
m
e
nt
a
im
ed
t
o
i
nve
st
C
N
Y
2
.5
t
r
il
lio
n
($
364bn
) i
n
th
e
re
n
e
w
ab
l
e
po
w
er g
ene
r
at
io
n
s
ect
o
r
b
y
2
0
20.
3.
UNITE
D
STATES
O
F AME
R
ICA
Th
e
624M
W
po
we
r
g
e
n
e
ra
tio
n
in
U
S
wh
i
c
h
i
s
t
hi
rd
l
arg
e
st
P
V
ma
rk
et
o
f t
h
e PV
in
s
tal
l
a
t
io
n in 20
0
6
and
a
c
u
m
u
l
a
ti
ve
P
V
i
n
s
t
al
l
e
d
ove
ra
ll
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
can
b
e
arou
n
d
1
.
45G
W
.
T
here
w
as
a
d
ras
t
ic
g
rowth
in
P
V
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 :
1
9
9
5
– 2
004
1
998
in
sta
l
lat
i
on
dur
ing
2
0
00
to
2
0
08
w
h
e
r
e
i
t
g
rew
fr
om
4
MW
t
o
2
9
0
M
W
;
t
h
e
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
r
a
t
e
i
s
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
b
y
7
1
%
per
a
nnum
.
Thr
o
ugh
t
h
is
r
a
p
i
d
g
r
o
w
t
h
m
a
de
t
he
U
S
as
t
h
i
rd
l
ar
ge
st
g
l
oba
l
dem
a
nd
ce
nter
b
e
h
ind
the
G
e
r
m
a
ny
a
n
d
S
p
a
i
n.
O
n
l
y
th
e
U
S
h
as
t
he
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
t
o
e
n
gen
d
e
r
s
u
st
ai
na
b
ili
ty
a
n
d
lo
ng
-t
e
r
m
ma
rk
et
.
Wi
th
am
ple
ava
i
lab
i
lit
y
o
f
l
a
n
d
for
P
V
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
nt
,
w
ith
h
i
gh
in
su
l
a
tio
n
an
d
the
grea
tes
t
d
e
m
a
nd
o
f
e
l
e
c
t
ri
cit
y
i
n
the w
o
r
l
d
,
U
S
pr
esen
ts a
n a
t
tra
c
tive
op
p
o
rt
u
n
i
t
y for the
l
o
n
g
-t
erm
grow
t
h
for
de
v
e
l
o
p
e
r
s, i
ns
ta
l
l
ers,
fi
n
a
n
ciers
and
o
t
her
P
V
s
e
r
vice
p
rov
i
de
rs.
Most
g
l
o
ba
l
i
n
du
s
t
rie
s
r
ecog
n
i
z
e
d
t
his
p
o
te
n
tia
l
a
nd
ar
e
seek
in
g
t
o
d
eve
l
o
p
and
refine
t
he
m
a
r
ket stra
t
e
g
y
of
U
S
.
I
n
t
he ne
x
t 4 ye
ar
s,
t
he U
S
w
i
ll e
xpe
rie
n
ce
m
ost
ra
pi
d de
m
a
nd o
f
an
y
maj
o
r
P
V
m
ark
e
t.
B
y
201
2
t
h
e
base
case
of
U
S
P
V
d
e
m
a
nd
m
a
y
grow
t
o
t
h
e
151
5
M
W,
t
he
a
vera
ge
a
nn
ua
l
gr
ow
th
w
as
48%
f
r
o
m
2008
t
o
2
012
. Th
e
s
cena
r
i
o
se
e
s
d
e
m
a
n
din
g
ma
y
r
e
a
c
h
up
t
o 202
2MW
in
2
01
2. In t
h
is pe
r
i
o
d,
t
he U
S
surpasse
s S
p
ai
n
t
o
b
eco
me
t
h
e
s
ec
on
d
l
eadi
ng
PV
m
ark
e
t
in
t
h
e
w
o
r
l
d
b
eh
in
d
Ge
rm
any.
T
he
F
i
gure
3
show
s
the
an
n
u
a
l
s
o
l
ar
P
V
c
a
p
acit
y
i
n
s
ta
ll
a
tio
ns i
n t
h
e
US
fr
o
m
2005-
2
0
1
7
.
The
A
n
n
u
al
P
V
c
a
pac
i
ty
i
n
U
S
w
as
i
ncre
asing
e
v
ery
ye
a
r
from
20
0
5-2
0
1
6
.
It
h
as
d
ec
r
ease
d
a
l
i
ttle
in
2
01
7.
U
S
tryi
ng
t
o
m
ax
imiz
e
i
t
s
r
eac
h
a
b
i
l
ity
i
n
re
n
e
w
a
ble
s
ou
rc
es
.
Th
e
g
o
a
l
o
f
t
he
i
ndu
st
ry
i
s
to
m
e
e
t
1
0
%
o
f
U
S
p
e
a
k
e
l
e
c
t
ri
ci
t
y
g
e
n
era
t
i
o
n
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
by
t
h
e
2030
[
8
,
9].
The
PV
i
nd
us
t
r
y
ex
p
ects
t
o
e
mpl
o
y
mor
e
tha
n
1
5
000
0
p
e
ople
in
U
S
a
nd
grow
s
up
to
$
15
b
i
lli
o
n
i
nd
us
try
b
y
the
nex
t
2
5
ye
ars
[10]
.
To
r
ea
ch
t
he
requ
ire
d
g
oals,
t
h
e
f
o
ll
ow
i
n
g
scena
r
io
h
a
s
b
ee
n
deve
l
ope
d.
T
he
pr
oduc
tio
n
tar
g
e
t
o
f
the
U
S
P
V
-
indu
s
t
r
y
reve
als
t
h
a
t
7
0
%
o
f
t
h
e
pr
od
uc
ti
on
c
a
p
ac
i
t
i
e
s
a
r
e
aime
d
for
the
e
x
p
o
r
t
.
T
h
e
J
a
p
a
n
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
h
a
v
i
n
g
a
s
t
r
o
n
g
ma
rket,
wher
e
it
s
acc
elera
t
ing
the
ex
pa
nsi
o
n
of
p
ro
duc
t
i
on
ca
pa
ci
t
i
es
i
s
l
a
gg
ing
in
t
he
U
S
.
T
hi
s
m
a
y
be
t
he
rea
s
on for
w
h
ich
t
h
e
U
S
lost
its
m
a
r
ket le
ad
er
positi
o
n
he
l
d
fo
r
ma
ny.
F
i
gure
3.
A
nnu
al
S
olar
P
V
capaci
t
y
I
nsta
l
l
at
io
ns i
n U
n
i
t
e
d
S
tat
es
4.
SOUTH
KO
REA
La
st
y
ear
S
out
h
Kor
ea
rea
c
h
e
d
to
i
ts
m
ax
i
m
um
r
ene
w
abl
e
c
apac
i
t
y
by
ins
t
al
l
i
ng
13G
W.
A
s
state
d
by
the
M
i
n
i
str
y
o
f
Tr
ade,
I
nd
us
t
r
y
a
n
d
E
n
e
r
gy
(
M
O
T
IE)
,
t
heir
t
a
rget
i
s
t
o
r
e
ach
2
0%
r
e
n
ewable
s
ha
re
w
hic
h
is
n
o
t
hi
g
h o
f
g
l
o
ba
l
s
t
a
n
dards
, for
th
i
s
the
c
o
u
n
try
ha
ve
t
o i
ncre
ase b
y
57
G
W i
n
the
n
ext
13
y
ea
rs.
Th
e
y
we
r
e
l
a
c
k
in
g
t
h
e
la
nd
f
o
r
i
n
s
t
a
ll
i
ng
sol
a
r
an
d
wind
p
l
a
nt
s,
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
e
is
a
k
e
y
o
bs
tac
l
e
to
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
r
e
new
a
b
l
e
tha
t
i
s
loca
l
o
p
p
o
si
ti
o
n
,
an
d
dec
i
de
d
to
i
mpr
o
ve
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
ns
;
ove
r
c
om
i
n
g
h
o
s
til
it
y
by
g
e
t
ti
n
g
m
em
ber
s
o
f
the
pu
b
lic
in
vol
ve
d
pr
oj
ec
ts;
ge
t
tin
g
pu
b
l
i
c
c
orp
o
ra
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
i
n
vol
vem
e
nt
o
f
l
o
cal
a
u
t
h
o
ri
t
i
e
s
;
cr
eat
in
g
j
o
bs
a
n
d
deve
l
o
p
i
ng
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
e
s
.
The
ma
i
n
i
ss
ue
i
s
lac
k
o
f
spac
e.
M
uch
of
t
he
S
o
u
t
h
K
o
rea
n
t
err
a
in
c
o
n
t
a
in
w
o
ode
d
moun
ta
in
s
w
h
ich
are
co
ns
i
d
e
r
ed
t
o
be
u
n
s
uita
b
l
e
f
o
r
in
sta
l
l
i
ng
so
lar
or
w
in
d
far
m
s,
w
here
as
f
ar
mlan
d
c
o
nsid
e
r
ed
f
o
r
a
goo
d
p
a
rt
o
f
remai
n
d
e
r.
T
e
s
l
a
f
oun
d
e
r
an
d
re
n
e
wa
bl
e
e
n
ergy
p
ion
e
er
E
lon
M
u
sk
r
ec
ent
l
y
sai
d
t
ha
t
a
l
l
of
t
he
u
n
ite
d
s
t
a
t
e
s
´
dem
a
nd
el
ectr
i
c
i
t
y
c
a
n
b
e
m
et
b
y
ju
st
o
n
e
g
i
a
n
t
s
o
l
ar
f
a
r
m
c
o
v
e
ri
ng
a
100
squ
a
re
m
il
e
s
l
o
ng,
b
u
t
S
ou
t
h
K
or
ea
does
n
´
t
h
ave
lar
g
e
e
x
p
e
nses
of
s
cru
b
l
and
or
d
eser
t
a
v
a
i
l
a
ble
f
o
r
a
si
m
ila
r
me
gapro
j
ec
t.
T
hr
o
u
g
h
u
til
iz
ati
o
n
of
s
pace
i
n
n
o
v
el
w
a
y
,
so
l
a
r
p
la
n
t
s
ar
e
ap
pe
arin
g
i
n
s
om
e
p
l
a
ces.
Kore
an
Rur
a
l
Com
m
uni
t
y
(
K
RC)
w
h
i
ch
i
s
pla
n
n
i
n
g
to
b
ui
ld
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h
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m
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h
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ti
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r
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14]
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The
Mi
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I
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s
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bl
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.
1
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c
omp
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f
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G
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th
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ab
ov
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a
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t
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m
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w
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.
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g
r
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w
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h
[
17
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]
.
F
i
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d
ca
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ty (
MW)
F
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r
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010
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.
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011
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3
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876.
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912.
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016
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2
2
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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I
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20
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la
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a
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ssive
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itra
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s
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r
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t
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w
ther
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l
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g
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ite
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t
c
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ot
her
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n
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tia
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ve
s
m
a
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be la
unc
h
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ng
of
im
proved cook-stoves
;
initiation resear
ch and
deve
l
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nt activ
it
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e
s i
n
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mal
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f th
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nd
ge
ne
r
a
t
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o
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;
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y
d
r
o
ge
n
ene
r
g
y
a
nd
f
u
e
l
cell
s
e
t
c
[
2
2
-
24]
.
Fig
u
r
e 10
.
PV
i
nst
a
ll
ed
cap
ac
i
t
y
(
i
n
MW
)
Th
e
d
a
t
a
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se
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h
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y
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t
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y
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h
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o
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trie
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it sh
own
in Tab
le 2. Th
e
w
i
n
d
a
t
l
as
o
f
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n
d
i
a
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a
s
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N
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ti
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mal
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c
ount
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.
Tab
l
e
2. E
l
e
ctrici
t
y
ge
n
e
r
ati
o
ns fr
o
m
rene
wable
s
ource
Sourc
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wise
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l
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ra
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t
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For
The
m
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u
m
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the
pe
r
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N
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2016
Nov
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N
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2016
Wi
n
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2435.
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2278.
7
7
2742.
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6
B
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P
r
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W
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or
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u
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201
7
for
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h
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p
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t
ariff
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w
h
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ch
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ets
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t
ag
e
fo
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anot
her
stro
ng
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
An
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
so
lar
e
n
er
gy tech
no
l
ogy in le
a
d
i
n
g co
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r
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K
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s
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[
2
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7
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,
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n
20
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t
h
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e
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a
s
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h
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a
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,
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w
a
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li
m
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d
a
c
cess
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o
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d
p
r
ojec
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pa
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s
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ecl
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e
by
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o
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her
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n
2
0
17
b
y
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ic
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it
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o
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d
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o
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w
or
l
d
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s
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our
t
h
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l
a
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t.
A
t
p
r
ojec
t
e
d
i
ns
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ati
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of
10G
W,
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ndia
is
s
e
t
tin
g
t
o
take
posi
t
i
on
a
s
t
he
t
h
i
r
d
-
l
ar
ge
s
t
P
V
ma
r
k
et
i
n
2
0
17.
H
o
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
ere
are
re
mai
n
ing
si
g
n
i
f
i
can
t
c
h
all
e
ng
e
s
w
h
ic
h
i
n
cl
u
d
e
ac
cess
t
o
l
an
d
and
f
i
na
nc
i
n
g
.
T
hr
oug
h
the
go
o
d
s
a
n
d
s
e
r
vice
tax
t
h
e
r
e
cou
l
d
be
i
nc
r
e
ase
in
pr
i
c
es
by t
h
i
r
d
qua
r
t
e
r
o
f 201
7.
I
n
20
1
7
,
the 4
lar
g
est
P
V
m
ar
k
e
t
s
will
r
e
p
res
e
nt
onl
y
th
e
th
re
e
qu
art
e
rs
o
f
PV
de
ma
nd
in
g
l
o
bal.
Bac
k
o
f
t
h
e
d
ecl
in
i
ng
m
o
du
l
e
p
r
i
c
e
s,
t
he
s
ma
l
le
r
m
a
r
k
ets
a
r
e
growin
g,
t
h
i
s
growt
h
w
ill
n
o
t
be
e
no
u
g
h
t
o
c
o
u
n
t
er
w
e
ig
h
i
m
pa
ct
o
f
dem
a
nd
f
l
u
ct
ua
ti
o
n
s
in
t
he
l
a
r
g
est
ma
r
k
e
t
.
By
2
02
1
,
a
t
ot
a
l
o
f
45
0
G
W
gl
o
b
al
l
y
t
he
r
e
w
i
l
l
be
n
e
w
P
V
ins
t
a
lla
t
i
ons.
Th
i
s
F
i
gur
e
1
1
s
ho
ws
t
h
a
t
14
1%
g
r
o
wth
in
c
u
m
ul
at
iv
e
i
n
st
al
l
e
d
P
V
g
en
e
r
at
i
on
c
a
p
ac
ity
[
28
-
3
1
]
.
He
re
a
re
t
h
e
t
op
1
0
p
r
odu
ce
rs
o
f
P
V
f
o
r
201
8
ac
c
o
r
d
i
ng
t
o
a
r
ep
or
t
fr
o
m
e
n
er
g
y
t
r
e
nd
i
n
P
V
m
a
g
azine,
F
i
gur
e
1
2
.
F
i
gur
e
1
1
A
nn
ual
P
V
i
nst
a
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
in
I
n
d
ia.
F
i
gur
e
1
2
T
op
ten
s
o
l
a
r
pow
e
r
s
upp
lier
s
i
n
w
o
r
l
d
6.
CONCLUS
I
O
N
D
u
e
t
o
d
r
a
stic
i
ncr
e
ase
i
n
c
ons
um
p
tio
n
of
t
he
c
o
n
sump
t
i
o
n
f
u
e
ls
t
h
r
ou
gh
g
e
n
erat
ion
of
p
o
w
e
r
,
c
o
mm
er
cial,
dom
est
i
c
p
u
rp
ose
s
e
tc.
b
y
w
h
i
c
h
t
h
e
w
or
ld
i
s
affec
t
ed
a
nd
cau
si
ng
g
lob
a
l
wa
rmi
n
g
e
ffe
ct
w
h
i
ch
is
v
e
r
y
haz
a
r
d
ous
t
o
n
o
t
o
nl
y
h
u
m
a
n
li
fe
b
u
t
a
lso
t
o
t
h
e
n
at
ur
e
a
n
d
g
l
o
be.
S
o
,
w
e
h
ave
to
i
den
t
if
y
t
h
e
c
o
u
n
tr
i
e
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
seve
r
e
r
e
g
a
r
d
i
n
g
t
he
g
loba
l
w
a
r
m
ing
and
ha
v
e
t
o
w
or
k
o
n
t
he
i
ss
ue.
By
t
his
c
o
un
tr
ie
s
sho
u
l
d
sta
r
t
l
e
avi
n
g
the
ge
ne
r
a
tion
thr
o
u
gh
the
f
o
ss
i
l
f
uels
a
n
d
r
e
pl
a
ce
th
em
by
the
r
e
ne
w
a
ble
r
e
so
ur
c
e
s
an
d
w
i
t
h
t
he
i
m
p
r
o
vem
e
nt
i
n
the
tech
n
o
l
o
gi
es.
U
p
t
o
kn
ow
t
h
e
m
ost
r
e
n
ew
a
b
le
e
ne
r
g
y
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
t
h
r
o
u
gh
t
h
e
so
lar
and it’
s
t
h
e
d
o
mi
na
nt
a
m
ong
a
ll.
E
lec
t
r
i
ci
t
y
pr
o
duc
t
i
on
t
hr
ou
g
h
t
he
s
o
l
ar
e
ner
gy
r
e
sour
c
e
s d
e
cr
eases
t
he
c
a
r
b
o
n
d
io
xi
de
e
m
i
ssio
n
s
as
its
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
og
y
is
e
nvir
onm
en
ta
l
l
y
f
r
i
e
n
dly.
To
r
e
ach
t
he
c
ons
ume
r
s
an
d
ha
ve
a
g
oo
d
im
pac
t
o
n
t
h
e
g
r
ow
th
t
he
r
e
s
h
o
u
l
d
be
a
f
l
e
x
i
ble
f
i
na
nc
ia
l
r
e
tai
l
.
E
i
t
h
er
t
he
i
n
v
e
s
t
o
r
s
o
r
the
c
ons
um
er
s
sho
u
l
d
be
g
i
v
en
s
u
b
si
d
i
a
r
ie
s
so
t
ha
t
t
h
e
e
s
t
a
blis
hm
en
t
o
f
s
o
l
a
r
p
l
ant
an
d
buyin
g
of
t
h
e
so
l
a
r
p
a
n
e
l
s
i
s
e
asi
e
r
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 :
1
9
9
5
– 2
004
2
004
REFE
RENCES
[1]
Bob
Du
dely
,et,a
l
. BP
S
t
at
i
s
tical Re
v
iew o
f
Wo
r
ld
E
n
e
rgy
.
E
d
iti
o
n
:
6
6
,
J
u
n
e
-201
7.
United
Ki
ng
do
m
[2]
Ch
ris
s
tine
Li
ns,
REN
-
21,
e
t,
a
ll Renew
a
b
les
20
17
,
“
G
l
o
b
a
l S
t
a
t
u
s Repo
rt.” PARI
S
.
[3]
Ch
ris
s
tine
Li
ns,
REN
-
21,
e
t,
a
ll Renew
a
b
les
20
18
,
“
G
l
o
b
a
l S
t
a
t
u
s Repo
rt.” PARI
S
[4]
E
h
s
a
nu
l
Kabi
r
a
n
d
P
a
wan
Ku
mar,
“
S
o
lar
energy
:
P
o
t
e
ntial
and
f
u
t
ure
p
r
ospe
c
t
s”
,
R
e
newab
l
e a
n
d Su
stain
able
E
n
er
gy R
eviews
,
v
o
l
.
82,
pp.
8
94-900
,
2
01
8.
[5]
W
a
n
g
F
,
Yin
H
,
L
i
S.
C
hina
’s
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
ne
rg
y
p
o
l
ic
y:
c
o
m
mit
m
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
.
E
n
e
r
g
y
P
o
l
i
c
y
2
0
1
0
;
R
e
newa
ble
and
S
u
st
a
i
na
bl
e En
e
r
gy
Reviews
,
”
vol.
38
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p.
1
8
72–
8,
A
p
r
il
2
0
17.
[6]
Y
a
ng
H
,
W
a
n
g
H
,
Yu
H
,
Xi
J
,
Cu
i
R,
C
h
e
n
G
.
“
St
atu
s
o
f
p
hotovol
t
a
i
c
i
ndu
s
t
ry
i
n
Chi
n
a”,
En
erg
y
Po
licy,
vol.
31,
n
o
.
8,
pp.
7
0
3
–
7
,
200
3;.
[7]
L
i
u
LQ,
W
a
ng
ZX,
Zhan
g
HQ
,
Xu
e
YC.
“S
olar
E
nerg
y
dev
e
lo
pm
ent
in
C
hina—A
r
evi
e
w”,
Re
ne
wa
ble
a
n
d
s
u
s
t
ain
a
b
l
e En
er
g
y
Revi
ews
,
Vo
l.
14
, No
. 1
,
p
p
.
3
0
1
–
1
1
, Janu
a
ry
2
01
0.
[8]
Ma
tthe
w
Wit
t
e
n
ste
i
n
,
e
t.
a
l
l
,
“I
n
t
e
r
na
tio
n
a
l
En
e
r
gy
A
ge
n
c
y
(IEA
)/N
u
c
l
ear
E
nergy
A
g
en
cy
(
NEA)”,
Pr
oject
ed
Cost of Generat
i
ng E
l
ec
t
r
i
c
i
t
y; I
EA/N
EA
:
Pari
s,
F
rance,
2
01
5.
[9]
M
a
t
t
h
e
w
Wi
tt
en
s
t
ein,
e
t,all
.
“
U.S
.
E
nerg
y
Info
rm
ati
o
n
Ad
mi
nis
t
r
at
ion
(
E
IA)”,
Co
unt
ry
A
nal
ysis Bri
e
f: So
u
t
h
Korea
.Un
i
t
e
d S
t
ates.
[10]
A
d
ri
an
W
hiteman
,
T
ob
ias
Rinke,
Jav
i
er
E
sp
arrago,
“
Int
e
rnat
io
nal
R
enew
a
b
le
E
n
e
rgy
Ag
enc
y
(IREN
A)”,
R
e
newa
ble Energy
Ca
pa
cit
y
,
A
bu
D
h
ab
i,
201
7
.
[11]
M
i
n
i
s
t
ry o
f
Trad
e, Ind
us
try
and
En
ergy
. Th
e S
econ
d
K
orea E
n
er
gy
M
ast
e
r
Plan.
Ou
tlo
ok
&
P
olicies
to
2
035; R
e
p.
o
f
Ko
r
ea;
M
i
n
i
s
try
o
f
Trad
e
,
I
ndus
try
and
En
erg
y
:
S
e
jo
ng
C
it
y,
Kore
a
, 2
01
4.
[12]
Ch
am
ol
a
,
V
.;
S
ikd
a
r,
B
.
“S
o
l
ar
p
o
w
ered
cel
lu
lar
bas
e
s
tat
i
ons
:
Current
s
cenari
o
,
i
ssu
es
a
nd
p
rop
o
s
e
d
so
luti
ons”,
IE
E
E
Co
m
m
un.
M
a
g
.
Vol.
5
4
,
pp.
1
08
–1
14
,
20
1
6
.
[13]
Urja Ak
s
h
a
y, e
t.all. “Ren
e
wa
ble
E
n
erg
y
i
n
In
di
a curren
t
s
ta
t
u
s
an
d
f
u
tu
re poten
ti
al”,
MOP
, Oc
t
o
b
er, 20
0
8
.
[14]
P
r
es
s
In
f
o
rm
a
tion
Bureau
,
Year
E
nd
R
ev
iew
,
G
o
v
ernm
en
t
of
I
ndia,
M
inistry
of
N
ew
a
nd
R
en
ewab
le
E
n
e
rg
y,
2
7
D
ecem
ber 2
017
.
[15]
L
.
P
,
B
lo
o
m
berg
,
Hen
r
y
Alb
e
rt,
et
.
a
l
l
.
“T
he
B
loo
m
berg
N
ew
E
nergy
F
in
ance
Rep
o
r
t
(BN
E
F
)
”
Ju
ly
,
2
0
1
8
,
Un
it
ed
S
t
ates.
[16]
P
l
ann
i
n
g
C
ommiss
io
n
,
G
ov
ernm
ent
of
I
nd
ia-S
ept
e
m
b
er
1
995
a
nd
Sep
t
e
m
b
er
1
99
6
Pro
j
ecti
o
n
s
t
o
2
020-2
0
2
1
.
[17]
S
h
arm
a
,
A
.
,
“
A
c
om
p
r
ehen
siv
e
s
tud
y
o
f
s
o
l
a
r
power
i
n
Ind
i
a
a
n
d
Wo
r
l
d
.
”
Renewa
bl
e a
nd
Su
st
ain
a
b
l
e E
n
er
gy
R
eviews
,
Vol
.
1
5
, No
. 4
, pp
. 17
6
7
-
17
76
, 20
1
1
.
[18]
F
u
rkan
D
in
c¸er,
“
T
he
a
n
a
lysis
o
n
p
ho
to
vo
l
t
ai
c
Elect
ricity
g
ener
ation
st
atus,
potenti
a
l
a
nd
polici
e
s
o
f
t
he
l
ead
in
g
co
un
tri
e
s i
n
s
o
l
ar
e
nerg
y,
”
R
e
newab
l
e a
n
d
Sust
a
i
n
a
b
le Ener
gy
Reviews
,
V
ol.
1
5
, p
p.
7
13
–7
20,
2011
.
[19]
H
r
ays
h
at
E
S.
“
A
n
al
ysis
o
f
renew
a
bl
e
energ
y
s
ituati
o
n
in
J
o
r
dan”
,
Ren
e
wab
l
e a
n
d
Sus
ta
in
able Energ
y
Revi
ews,
v
o
l
11,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
8
7
3
–87
;
200
7.
[20]
S
p
eed
P
A
.
“
Ch
ina’s
on
goi
ng
e
nerg
y
ef
fici
ency
d
ri
ve:
origin
s,
p
r
ogress
a
nd
p
rospect
s”,
Ener
gy P
o
licy,
V
o
l
.
37,
N
o
.
4
:
pp.
1
331
–
4
4,
200
9.
[21]
H
u
an
g
YH,
W
u
J
H
.
“Techn
o
l
o
g
i
cal
s
y
s
t
e
m
and
ren
e
w
a
bl
e
ene
r
g
y
pol
icy
:
a
cases
tu
dy
o
f
s
olar
p
ho
to
vo
ltai
c
i
n
T
a
iw
an”,
R
e
newa
ble
and
S
u
st
a
i
n
a
bl
e En
ergy Reviews
.
Vol.
1
1
,
N
o.
2
,
p
p
.
345
–5
6,
2
0
07.
[22]
Ch
en
F
,
D
u
ic
N
,
Al
ves
LM,
Carval
ho
M
G.
“
Renew
i
sland
s
—Renew
a
bl
e
energ
y
s
o
l
utio
ns
f
o
r
i
slan
ds
”,
Re
n
e
w
a
bl
e
a
n
d
Su
s
t
ai
na
b
l
e Ener
gy R
eviews
,
vo
l.
11,
no.
8
,
pp.
188
8–
90
2,
2
0
0
7.
[23]
K
a
lo
gi
rou
S. “
Sol
a
r energ
y
en
g
ineerin
g:
pro
cesses an
d s
y
stems”,
A
cadem
i
c
P
ress;
2
0
0
9
.
p
.
4
69
–517
[chapt
er
9
].
[24]
Ba
ha
j
AS
.
“M
e
a
n
s
of
e
nh
a
n
c
i
ng
a
n
d
p
romo
t
i
n
g
t
he
u
se
o
f
sola
r
e
n
erg
y
”,
Re
n
e
wa
bl
e
Energy,
vol.
2
7
,
n
o
.
1,
p
p.
97
–1
05
, 20
0
2
.
[25]
N
o
w
a
k
S
,
A
u
l
i
c
h
H
,
B
a
l
J
L
,
D
i
m
m
l
e
r
B
,
G
a
r
n
i
e
r
A
,
J
o
n
g
e
r
d
e
n
G
,
e
t
al.
“
T
he
E
u
r
op
ean
p
h
o
to
vo
lt
a
i
c
tech
nol
og
y
platf
o
rm
”
,
IE
EE
Ph
ot
ovo
l
taic E
n
er
gy
Co
nvers
i
o
n
Co
nf
erences
2006
,
p
p.
2
48
5–
9,
200
6.
[26]
Commission
o
f
t
h
e
E
u
ropean
C
ommu
n
ities,
C
om
(
2008)
00
19.
Propos
a
l
f
or
a
D
irecti
v
e
of
t
he
E
urop
ean
Parl
ia
men
t
an
d
o
f the Co
un
ci
l on
t
h
e
pro
mo
tion
o
f
the u
se o
f
en
ergy
f
ro
m
renewab
l
e s
o
u
r
ce
s
, Bru
s
s
els; 2
008
.
[27]
Dı
´
ez-Medi
avilla
M
,
Alonso-
T
r
i
s
t
a´
n
C,
R
odr
ı
´
g
uez-Amigo
M
C
,
Gar
cı
´a-Cal
d
e
ro´
n
T
.
“
Im
ple
m
ent
a
t
i
on
of
P
V
p
l
an
ts in S
p
a
i
n: a case
stu
d
y
”
,
Renewab
l
e a
n
d
Su
st
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
E
n
er
gy
R
eviews
,
vol.
14,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
134
2
–
6,
2
0
10.
[28]
K
.
Kan
n
an
,
S
u
th
a
P
a
d
m
anab
han
.
]
“
C
los
e
d
l
o
o
p
c
o
n
t
r
ol
o
f
ex
cit
a
tio
n
param
e
te
rs
f
or
H
ig
h
s
p
eed
s
w
itch
e
d
rel
u
ct
ance
g
e
n
e
rat
o
r
u
s
in
g
MATLA
B/S
I
MULINK”,
In
ter
n
a
t
iona
l Jo
urn
a
l
on E
l
ectrica
l En
gi
neer
ing
an
d
Informa
tics,
V
ol.
2,
n
o.
3
,
pp
.
232-2
4
3
,
2
0
1
0
.
[29]
K
.
Kannan,Su
t
ha
P
admanabhan
“
PI-
CCC
Based
Swit
ched
R
eluctance
G
e
ner
a
t
o
r
Ap
pli
cati
ons
f
or
W
i
nd
P
o
wer
G
e
nerat
i
on
U
s
i
ng
M
ATL
A
B/
SIMU
LIN
K
”,
J
ourn
a
l
of
E
lectrical
a
nd
E
n
gin
eerin
g
Tech
no
log
y
,
:
Issn:1
97
5
-
0
1
0
2
,
v
ol.
8
[2]
,
pa
g
e
s[2
3
0
-
2
3
7
]
,
2013
.
[30]
K
.
Kan
n
an
,
S
u
t
h
a
P
a
d
m
a
n
abh
a
n,
“
G
R
ID
B
ased
S
witch
e
d
Relu
ctan
ce
Ge
ne
rat
o
r
A
pplicat
io
n
s
f
or
w
ind
po
wer
g
e
nerat
i
on
o
n MP
P
T
a
lg
orit
h
m
usi
ng
M
ATLAB/S
I
M
U
L
I
N
K
”,
Eu
rop
e
an
Jou
r
n
a
l of
Sci
e
ntif
ic
R
e
sea
r
ch
,
vo
l.
100,
no
.
4
,
p
p
. 5
79
-5
9
1
, 2
01
3.
[31]
K
.
Kan
n
an
,S
u
t
ha
P
a
d
m
a
nab
h
an
“
H
i
gh
P
erf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
M
P
P
T
B
as
e
d
o
n
v
a
ri
abl
e
s
p
eed
G
en
er
ator
d
ri
ven
b
y
W
in
d
Power
Generation
i
n
B
a
ttery
A
pplications”
,
Jo
ur
na
l of El
ectric
a
l an
d En
g
i
neerin
g T
echn
o
lo
gy
,
vo
l
.9
,
no
.1
,
p
p
.
2
0
5
-
21
3,
2
01
4.
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