Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
4
,
Decem
be
r 202
0
, p
p.
1936
~
19
44
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v11.i
4
.
pp
19
36
-
19
44
1936
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
ZVS bas
ed on d
ead
-
time
anal
ysis of thre
e port h
alf b
ridge
convert
ers
Phuong
Vu
,
Manh Linh
Nguyen,
V
ie
t
P
huong
Ph
am
School
of El
ec
tr
i
ca
l
Engi
n
ee
r
ing,
Hanoi
Univer
si
t
y
of
Sci
ence and
Technol
ogy
,
Vi
et
na
m
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
J
an
18
, 2
0
20
Re
vised A
pr
2
6
, 2
0
20
Accepte
d
J
un
10
, 20
20
In
thi
s
rese
arc
h
,
the
ze
ro
-
vo
lt
ag
e
sw
it
chi
ng
(ZV
S)
of
the
GaN
FETs
-
base
d
high
fre
qu
enc
y
t
hre
e
-
port
ha
lf
-
br
idge
conve
r
te
r
(
TPHBC),
which
is
ca
pab
le
of
in
te
rf
ac
ing
a
ren
ewa
bl
e
en
er
gy
source
,
an
e
ner
gy
stor
age
a
nd
a
loa
d
is
discussed.
To
achie
ve
ZVS,
whic
h
pla
ys
a
key
rol
e
in
pow
er
loss r
educ
t
ion
o
f
the
h
igh
sw
itchi
ng
fre
qu
enc
y
co
nver
te
rs,
not
onl
y
the
par
asitic
eleme
n
ts
but
al
so
th
e
de
ad
-
time
bet
we
en
two
sw
it
ch
es
in
on
e
conve
rt
er
arm
m
ust
be
t
ake
n
int
o
account
.
Th
is
rese
arc
h
giv
es
a
d
et
a
il
an
al
ysi
s
about
th
e
influ
enc
e
of
th
e
dea
d
-
t
im
e
on
th
e
ZVS
cond
it
io
n.
B
ase
d
on
the
an
al
ysis,
a
mi
n
im
um
de
ad
-
ti
me
whi
ch
gu
ar
ant
e
es
not
only
the
ZVS
but
a
lso
th
e
saf
e
oper
a
ti
on
of
th
e
conve
rt
er
is
ob
t
ai
ned
.
Simul
at
io
ns
in
var
ious
lo
ad
condi
t
ion
of
the
TPHBC
are
ca
rri
ed
o
ut
to
ve
rify
the
v
al
id
it
y
and
eff
ectiv
ene
ss
of
the
proposed
metho
d
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
GaN FETs
Thr
ee
-
port h
al
f
-
bri
dge
conve
rter
(TPHBC
)
Zero v
oltage
s
witc
hing
(ZVS
)
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
M
a
nh Lin
h Nguy
e
n,
School
of Elec
tric
al
Engineer
ing
,
H
a
noi U
ni
ver
sit
y o
f Sci
ence a
nd Tec
hnology,
No.1,
Dai Co
Viet
Roa
d,
Hai
Ba Tr
ung,
Ha
no
i,
V
ie
tna
m,
Emai
l:
li
nh
.
nguy
e
nm
a
nh@
hu
st.ed
u.vn
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Re
new
a
ble
en
e
rgy
has
at
tract
ed
gr
eat
at
te
ntion
rece
ntly
as
an
al
te
rn
at
e
sol
ution
t
o
the
fossil
energy
wh
ic
h
ma
y
s
oon
be
de
plete
d
in
near
fu
t
ur
e
.
D
ue
t
o
the
i
nh
e
re
nt
interm
it
te
nce
of
re
ne
wab
le
e
ne
rgy
so
urc
e
su
c
h
as
s
olar,
wind,
ti
de
,
et
c.
,
the
e
nergy
stora
ges
s
uc
h
as
batte
ry,
s
up
e
r
capaci
tor
are
ind
is
pen
sa
ble
i
n
the
ren
e
wa
ble
ene
rgy
power
sy
st
ems,
es
pecial
ly
in
th
e
sta
nd
-
al
on
e
s
ys
te
ms
[1]
.
T
hese
e
ne
rgy
sto
ra
ges
f
unct
ion
as
an
ene
r
gy
buff
e
r
to
s
moothly
s
uppl
y
the
loa
ds
.
C
onven
ti
onal
ly
,
se
ver
al
c
onver
te
rs
are
em
ploy
ed
t
o
interface
t
he
e
nerg
y
sour
ce,
stora
ge
an
d
lo
ad
sim
ultaneo
us
ly
.
The
a
dva
ntages
of
t
his
so
luti
on
is
sim
ple
in
hard
war
e
a
nd
con
t
ro
l
desig
n
since
t
hese
c
onve
rters
func
ti
on
in
de
pe
nd
e
ntly.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
mu
lt
iple
c
onve
rter
s
may res
ult i
n
l
arg
e
volu
me a
nd h
i
gh po
wer
losses
[5]
.
To
deal
wit
h
the
af
or
e
menti
on
e
d
pro
blem
s
of
the
co
nv
entional
so
l
ution,
th
ree
port
co
nv
e
rters
(TPCs)
w
hich
capa
ble
of
in
te
rf
aci
ng
re
ne
wab
le
e
nerg
y
so
urce
,
sto
rage
an
d
loa
d
si
mu
lt
ane
ously
has
been
dev
el
op
e
d
[
8]
,
as
P
V
-
fe
d
L
ED
li
ghti
ng
s
ys
te
ms,
et
c.
Com
par
at
ive
s
tud
ie
s
on
T
P
Cs
sho
ws
t
ha
t
this
config
ur
at
io
n
offer
s
ma
ny
a
dv
a
ntage
s
ov
e
r
the
c
onve
nti
on
al
s
ol
ution
s
uch
as
higher
eff
ic
ie
nc
y,
l
ower
c
os
t
and
c
ompact
pa
ckin
g
desi
gn.
These
re
mar
ka
ble
me
rits
al
lo
w
t
he
T
PCs
t
o
be
em
ploye
d
i
n
man
y
ap
plica
ti
on
s
su
c
h
as
hybri
d
el
ect
ric
ve
hicle
s,
hybr
i
d
e
nergy
sto
rag
e
s
ys
t
ems,
PV
syst
ems
with
batte
r
y
backu
p.
To
handle
the
po
wer
flo
w
in
TPCs,
va
rio
us
to
polo
gies
w
her
e
hal
f
br
idg
e
or
f
ull
bri
dg
e
co
nverter
s
al
ong
with
ma
gn
et
ic
couplin
g
via
hi
gh
fr
e
que
ncy
trans
forme
r
ha
ve
been
stu
die
d.
The
m
os
t
fl
exible
t
opolog
y
wh
e
re
bid
i
re
c
ti
on
al
powe
r
flo
w
c
an
easi
l
y
be
achieve
d
is
ba
sed
on
t
he
dual
act
ive
bri
dg
e
(
D
AB)
c
onve
rter
[
11]
.
I
n
t
his
config
ur
at
io
n,
the
po
wer
flo
w
ca
n
be
co
nt
ro
ll
ed
by
ph
as
e
sh
ift
a
nd
/
or
du
t
y
c
ycle
of
the
c
onver
te
r
bri
dges
.
Since
t
he
e
ne
r
gy
ca
n
be
tra
nsfer
red bid
irect
i
on
al
ly
,
t
his
t
opology
is
a p
r
omi
sing
s
olu
ti
on
t
o
man
y
ap
pl
ic
at
ion
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
ZVS b
as
e
d on
dead
-
ti
me anal
ysi
s o
f t
h
ree
port h
alf bridge c
on
ve
rte
rs (
Ph
uong
Vu
)
1937
su
c
h
as:
f
uel
-
cel
l
el
ect
ric
veh
ic
le
s
w
her
e
reg
e
ne
rati
ve
energ
y
ca
n
be
colle
ct
ed
fro
m
the
mo
t
or,
or
in
ren
e
wa
ble en
e
r
gy syst
ems
with
backu
p batt
ery.
How
to
mi
nim
iz
e
the
total
powe
r
loss
,
w
hich
is
c
ompose
d
of
c
onduct
io
n
l
os
ses
,
sta
ti
c
losse
s
a
nd
switc
hing
loss
es,
has
al
wa
ys
been
a
maj
or
is
su
e
in
hi
gh
s
wi
tc
hin
g
fr
e
quen
cy
c
onve
rters
.
Sin
ce
t
he
co
nd
uction
losses
an
d
sta
ti
c
los
ses
are
al
mo
st
co
ns
ta
nt
du
e
t
o
t
he
ha
rdwar
e
desig
n,
th
e
s
witc
hing
los
ses
play
a
key
ro
le
i
n
the
total
eff
ic
i
ency
of
the
s
ys
te
m.
O
ne
of
the
mo
st
e
ff
e
ct
ive
so
luti
on
to
re
du
ce
t
he
switc
hing
los
s
es
in
conve
rters
unti
l
now
is
ze
r
o
volt
age
s
witc
hing
(
ZV
S)
w
her
e
the
s
witc
h
vo
l
ta
ge
is
br
ought
to
zer
o
be
fore
the
gate
vo
lt
a
ge
i
s
a
pp
li
ed
[18]
.
C
onve
ntion
al
ly,
t
he
anal
ys
is
of
Z
VS
co
ndit
ion
is
ca
rr
i
ed
out
base
d
on
th
e
par
asi
ti
c
el
eme
nts
a
nd
t
he
l
oa
d
c
onditi
on
w
hi
le
the
i
nf
lue
nc
e
of
the
dea
d
-
t
ime
bet
wee
n
t
wo
s
witc
hes
in
one
conve
rters a
rm
is n
e
glect
ed
[
18]
.
In
this
resear
ch,
the
Z
VS
conditi
on
of
a
three
-
port
ha
lf
-
bri
dge
c
onve
rter
with
se
c
onda
ry
si
de
sy
nc
hro
nous
r
ect
ifie
r
(TPHB
C
-
SR)
is
a
nalyzed.
T
his
co
nfi
gurati
on
s
uits
well
small
powe
r
sta
nd
-
al
one
P
V
app
li
cat
io
ns
w
it
h
a
bac
kup
batte
ry
su
c
h
a
s
le
d
li
ghti
ng.
The
main
co
ntributi
on
of
t
his
re
searc
h
i
s
the
theo
reti
cal
analysis
of
t
he
in
f
luence
of
th
e
dead
-
ti
me
on
t
he
ZV
S
co
ndit
ion
.
T
his
a
nalysis
al
lows
t
he
dead
-
ti
me
can
be
a
ppr
opriat
el
y
c
hosen
to
guara
nte
e
the
ZV
S
w
hi
le
the
safe
op
e
rati
on
of
the
c
onve
rters
a
rm
i
s
sti
ll
fu
lfil
le
d. T
he p
rop
os
ed
meth
od is
ver
i
fied b
y b
oth
nume
rical
simulat
ions a
nd expe
riments
.
2.
THREE
PO
R
T HALF
BRI
DGE
CONVE
RTERS
2.1.
Opera
tin
g
m
ode a
na
ly
sis
of
th
e TP
HBC
-
SR
The
to
po
l
ogy
of
the
TP
HBC
-
SR
is
s
how
n
i
n
Fig
ur
e
1
in
wh
ic
h
t
he
pri
m
ary
side
of
the
conve
rter
ca
n
be
operate
d
in
ei
ther
hal
f
br
i
dg
e
,
buck
or
f
orward
-
fly
bac
k
mode.
T
he
flexibili
ty
of
thi
s
to
po
l
ogy
al
lo
ws
t
he
powe
r
fl
ow
to
be
c
ontrolle
d
i
n
mu
lt
iple
dire
ct
ion
s
w
hich
f
ulfill
s
the
re
quirement
of
sta
nd
-
al
on
e
P
V
s
yst
ems
with
batte
ry
ba
ckup
a
s
il
lustrate
d
i
n
Fi
gur
e
2.
Th
e
ba
tt
ery
c
an
be
can
be
c
ha
rg
e
d
w
hen
the
pri
mar
y
sid
e
op
e
rates
in
buck
m
od
e
.
I
n
ha
lf
-
bri
dge
m
ode
,
the
loa
d
can
be
fee
d
f
r
om
e
it
her
the
P
V
or
bo
t
h
the
P
V
a
nd
t
he
batte
ry.
A
nd
in
the
case
of
no
-
irra
diati
on,
th
e
conve
rter
ca
n
be
operate
d
i
n
f
orwa
rd
-
fl
yback
m
ode
to
tr
ansf
e
r
the en
e
r
gy from t
he bac
kup b
at
te
ry
to
the l
oa
d.
D
1
1
:
n
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
L
E
D
PV
V
in
H
al
f
-
Br
i
d
g
e
D
1
1
:
n
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
LED
PV
Bu
ck
D
1
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
PV
Fo
rw
ar
d
-
Fl
y
b
ack
1
:
n
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
L
0
LED
V
b
C
2
i
b
M
1
M
2
V
P
i
Lm
i
P
C
1
M
3
M
4
V
0
L
0
C
0
C
1
C
2
M
2
M
4
M
3
L
0
C
3
M
1
C
2
C
1
M
1
M
2
C
1
C
2
M
2
M
1
M
3
C
3
M
4
I
i
n
i
L
0
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
m
o
d
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
TPH
BC
[
14]
Fo
r
simpli
ci
ty,
assume
t
hat
the
capaci
t
or
0
,
1
,
2
are
suffici
ent
la
rg
e
s
uc
h
that
the
volt
age
ac
r
oss
the
ca
pacit
or
are
c
onsta
nt
i
n
ste
a
dy
-
s
ta
te
operati
on.
By
ne
glect
ing
th
e
po
wer
loss
of
the
co
nvert
er,
t
he
fo
ll
owin
g rela
ti
on
holds:
=
+
(1)
wh
e
re
Pin,
P
b and P
o
a
re th
e
powe
r of
t
he
P
V,
t
he back
up
batte
ry an
d
t
he
load,
resp
ect
i
ve
ly.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
19
36
–
19
44
1938
The o
per
at
in
g mo
de of
the c
onve
rter ca
n be
exp
la
ine
d base
d on the a
bove
relat
ion
as
foll
ow
s:
➢
In DO m
ode
w
her
e
>
, both
t
he l
oad
a
nd the
ba
tt
ery
r
ec
ei
ve
e
nerg
y
f
r
om
t
he
PV.
➢
In
DI
mode
where
0
<
<
,
the load
r
ecei
ves
ene
r
gy n
ot
on
l
y
f
r
om
the PV
source
bu
t al
s
o
f
ro
m
the b
ac
kup batt
ery.
➢
In
SI
S
O
m
ode
wh
e
re
=
0
correspondin
g
to
no
-
ir
rad
ia
ti
on
sit
uat
ion
,
t
he
ba
ck
up
batte
r
y
becomes
the main
e
nerg
y
s
ource
of the
sy
ste
m
.
2.2.
ZVS
analy
sis.
As
me
ntio
ne
d
above,
the
ZV
S
pla
y
a
ke
y
r
ole
in
powe
r
l
os
s
reducti
on
of
switc
hi
ng
powe
r
s
uppl
y.
This
sect
i
on
fir
st
giv
e
s
a
n
a
na
lysis
to
s
how
the
relat
ion
bet
ween
par
asi
ti
c
el
ements
a
nd
ZVS
co
ndit
ion
of
t
he
TPH
BC
-
SR.
T
hen,
the
infl
ue
nce
of
t
he
dea
d
-
ti
me
betw
ee
n
tw
o
s
witc
he
s
of
the
i
nv
e
rt
er
ar
m
on
t
he
ZVS
conditi
on,
w
hich
ha
ve
never
been
sta
te
d
in
the
li
te
ratu
re,
is
anal
yzed.
Ba
s
ed
on
this
res
ul
t,
the
dea
d
-
ti
me
ca
n
be
ap
pro
pr
ia
te
ly
sel
ect
ed
to
f
ulfill
no
t
only
t
he
safe
operati
on
of
t
he
in
vert
er
arm
bu
t
al
s
o
th
e
Z
VS
c
onditi
on
.
In
TP
HBC
-
SR
,
the
t
wo
switc
hes
M3
an
d
M4
on
t
he
sec
on
dary
si
des
op
e
rate
with
ZV
S
natu
rall
y
du
e
t
o
the
sy
nc
hro
nous
r
ect
ific
at
ion
co
nf
i
gurati
on
wit
h
body
diodes
w
hile
M1
ca
nnot
ac
hieve
Z
VS
.
He
nce,
th
e
ZVS
conditi
on of s
witc
h M
2
is c
onside
red
in t
his
r
esea
rch.
D
1
M
1
M
2
C
1
C
2
Ba
t
t
e
ry
PV
D
1
M
1
M
2
C
1
C
2
Ba
t
t
e
ry
PV
D
1
M
1
M
2
C
1
C
2
Ba
t
t
e
ry
PV
a
b
c
Z
V
S
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
.
ZVS
of sw
it
ch
2
M
Figure
2
sho
w
the
switc
hi
ng
s
ta
te
s
of
M
2.
A
s
can
be
reali
z
ed,
M2
can
only
achie
ve
Z
VS
if
an
d
only
if
it
s
pa
rasit
ic
capaci
tor
is
f
ully
discha
r
ge
d
wh
il
st
the
c
orres
pondin
g
c
apacit
or
of
M1
is
f
ully
c
harged.
Wh
ic
h
mean
s
M
2
is
tur
ne
d
on
w
hen
it
s
dro
p
volt
age
is
z
ero
w
hile
t
he
r
emai
ning
switc
h
M1
ha
d
al
re
ady
been
tur
ne
d
off.
I
n
that
cas
e,
the
e
nerg
y
store
d
in
t
he
t
ran
s
f
or
me
r
le
a
kag
e
in
du
ct
a
nc
e
mu
st
sat
is
f
y
the
fo
ll
owin
g rela
ti
on
:
{
1
2
(
+
0
)
2
>
2
+
0
>
0
(2)
In
wh
ic
h,
L
k
is
the
le
aka
ge
in
du
ct
a
nce,
C
DS
is
the
par
a
sit
ic
capaci
tor
of
th
e
s
witc
h,
I
L0
is
the
c
urre
nt
of
the
seco
nd
ary
in
du
ct
or.
As
giv
e
n
i
n
[
14]
,
I
Lm
is
t
he
cu
rr
e
nt
of
the
main
c
oil
of
the
tran
sf
ormer
com
pu
te
d by
:
=
−
(
1
−
2
)
1
+
2
(3)
Durin
g
tra
ns
ie
nt
sta
te
,
the
vo
lt
age
acro
ss
M2
os
ci
ll
at
es
at
it
s
natur
al
res
onant
f
re
qu
e
nc
y
and
ca
n
be
represe
nted b
y:
=
sin
(
2
+
Φ
)
(4)
In
(
4),
Φ
is
the
ph
a
se
a
ng
le
,
th
e
am
plit
ud
e
is
de
pende
nce
of
the
pri
ma
ry
s
ide
c
urren
t
an
d
the
resona
nt freq
ue
ncy
is com
pu
te
d
by:
=
1
2
√
2
(5)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
ZVS b
as
e
d on
dead
-
ti
me anal
ysi
s o
f t
h
ree
port h
alf bridge c
on
ve
rte
rs (
Ph
uong
Vu
)
1939
Suppose
that
=
+
0
is
the
minimal
val
ue
of
t
he
pri
mar
y
c
urre
nt
su
c
h
t
hat
t
he
ZV
S
conditi
on
(
2)
is
sati
sfacto
r
y.
T
he
volt
age ac
ross M2 duri
ng off
-
to
-
on stat
e w
it
h
di
ff
e
ren
t
values of
t
he
pri
mar
y
current
is
sho
wn
i
n
Fig
ure
3.
As
ca
n
be
see
n,
in
t
he
case
of
<
,
the
amplit
ude
is
small
and
does
no
t
decr
ease
t
o
zer
o
f
ollo
wing
t
hat
the
Z
VS
ca
nnot
be
achieve
d.
In
c
on
t
rast,
the
Z
VS
c
onditi
on
i
s
al
way
s
fu
lfil
le
d
as
>
.
By
ta
king
Fi
gure
3
i
n
co
nsi
der
at
io
n,
it
can
be
see
n
t
hat
the
am
plit
ud
e
of
t
he
os
ci
ll
at
ion
vo
lt
age
is eq
ual to
the
batte
ry vol
ta
ge
in the
cas
e
=
,
w
hich mea
ns
1
2
2
=
2
(6)
To
pro
per
l
y
c
ho
s
e
the
dea
d
-
ti
me,
def
i
ne
as
the
neces
s
ary
ti
me
f
or
the
vo
lt
age
acr
os
s
M2
to
decr
ease
from
to
zero.
T
hen,
the
ZVS
c
ondi
ti
on
can
be
re
ached
i
f
an
d
only
if
th
e
dea
d
-
ti
me
>
.
It
is
obv
io
us
l
y
see
n i
n
Fi
gure
3
t
ha
t:
=
1
4
(7)
P
oi
nt a
t
Z
V
S
I
p2
I
p
M
i
n
V
d
s
(
M2
)
0
ta
t
z
t
Vb
Figure
3.
The
re
la
ti
on
bet
wee
n oscil
la
ti
on
V
ds
of
M
2
a
nd pri
mar
y
side
curr
ent
Ba
sed on (
5) a
nd (7), it
can
be de
rive
d
that
=
√
2
(7)
So
,
the
minima
l dead
-
ti
me
w
hich g
uar
a
ntee
s not
on
l
y
the
s
afe
op
e
rati
on
but al
so t
he ZV
S is:
=
=
√
2
(8)
3.
NUMER
IC
A
L SIM
ULATI
ON.
To
sho
w
th
e
va
li
dity
of
t
he
pro
posed
met
hod,
nume
rical
si
mu
la
ti
ons
us
in
g
e
G
AN
FET
s
are
car
ried
ou
t
by
L
TSP
I
CE
softwa
re,
pa
rameters
of
e
GAN
FETs
ar
e
avail
able
i
n
[
25].
The
par
a
mete
rs
of
the
TPH
BC
-
SR u
se
d
i
n
sim
ulati
on
a
re
pro
vid
e
d
in
Ta
ble
1.
As
discu
ssed
i
n
pr
e
vious
sec
ti
on
,
(
2)
m
us
t
be
sat
isfie
d
t
o
achieve
ZV
S.
Howe
ver,
the
pro
per
val
ue
of
sh
ould
be
caref
ully
co
ns
i
der
e
d.
F
or
exa
mp
le
,
if
is
too
la
rg
e
,
e.
g.
,
>
2
,
the
ZVS
may
no
t
b
e
achieve
d
due
t
o
th
e
risi
ng
of
os
ci
ll
at
ion
vo
lt
age
as
s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
4a.
I
n
c
on
t
rast,
a
pp
ropr
ia
te
value
of
res
ults
in
Z
VS
with
lo
w
dv/dt
of
as
sho
wn
i
n
Fig
ur
e
4b.
T
he
natu
re
ZV
S
of
M
3
a
nd
M
4
are
al
s
o
s
how
n
in Figu
re
5.
In
con
cl
us
io
n, the
appr
opriat
e de
ad
-
ti
me s
houl
d be:
√
2
<
<
2
√
2
(9)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
19
36
–
19
44
1940
Table
1.
Simul
at
ion
par
a
mete
r
Para
m
eter
Valu
es
Inp
u
t vo
ltag
e
1
8
.5V
Battery
12V
Ou
tp
u
t capacito
r
2
.5u
F
Ou
tp
u
t ind
u
cto
r
30uH
Ou
tp
u
t po
wer
30W
Tr
an
sfo
r
m
er
Co
ilcra
ft P
L3
0
0
-
1
0
4
L
Plan
n
ar
Swi
t
ch
in
g
f
req
5
0
0
Kh
z
2
GS
V
2
DS
V
P
I
2
GS
V
2
DS
V
P
I
(
a)
(b)
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
.
Sw
it
chin
g
sta
te
of
M
2
with
diff
e
r
ent v
al
ues of d
ead
-
ti
me
, (
a).
Sw
it
chin
g st
at
e w
it
h
la
rg
e
d
ea
d
-
ti
me (
40
ns
)
,
(
b) S
witc
hing sta
te
w
it
h
a
ppr
opr
ia
te
dead
-
ti
me
(20
ns
)
3
DS
V
3
GS
V
(a)
4
DS
V
4
GS
V
(b)
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
.
Natu
r
e ZV
S
of
M
3
a
nd M
4
switc
h
,
(a)
ZV
S
of
M
3
,
(b)
ZV
S
of M
4
4.
EXPERI
MEN
T RES
ULTS.
In
this
sect
io
n,
a
prototype
TPH
BC
-
SR
is
buil
t
based
on
Ga
N
FETs
.
The
sch
emat
ic
of
the
hi
gh
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
dri
ve
r
for
t
he
swit
ches
is
s
how
n
in
Fi
gure
6.
T
he
pa
rameter
s
of
th
e
e
xperime
ntal
s
ys
te
m
a
re
same
as simulat
io
n
s
ect
ion
.
Since
the
s
witc
hing
f
reque
nc
y
is
h
ig
h,
i.e
.,
500kHz
in
t
hi
s
case,
the
pr
inted
boar
d
ci
r
cuit
(P
CB
)
desig
n
play
s
a
very
im
porta
nt
r
ole
in
s
uppr
e
ssing
the
ri
ng
i
ng
lo
op
wh
ic
h
may
cause
se
riou
s
prob
le
m
s
uch
a
s
el
ect
ro
ma
gn
et
i
c
interfe
ren
ce (
EMI)
no
ise
o
r
ov
e
r
volt
age
[21]
.
I
n
TP
HBC
-
SR
desig
n,
t
he
re
are
tw
o
im
porta
nt
rin
ging
lo
ops,
i.e.,
D
rive
r
-
Ga
N
lo
op
an
d
power
rin
ging
lo
op
i
nclu
ding
i
nput
ca
pacit
ors
an
d
s
witc
hes
.
The
main
reas
on
of
the
ri
n
gi
ng
lo
op
is
t
he
e
xist
ence
of
par
a
sit
ic
inducto
r
an
d
ca
pacit
or
al
ong
the
ci
rc
uit
r
ou
te
s
.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
minimi
zi
ng
t
he
loop
in
PCB
de
sign
is
cr
ucia
l
in
mini
mizi
ng
t
he
pa
rasit
ic
el
eme
nts.
T
he
PCB
desig
n wit
h mi
nimize
d
l
oop i
s sho
wn in Fi
gure
7, in
d
et
ai
ls.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
ZVS b
as
e
d on
dead
-
ti
me anal
ysi
s o
f t
h
ree
port h
alf bridge c
on
ve
rte
rs (
Ph
uong
Vu
)
1941
5
V
I
S
O
5
V
G
N
D
2
G
N
D
1
O
U
T
VCC
2
VCC
1
IN
VCC
IN
P
_
OU
T
N
_
OU
T
G
N
D
I
N
B
R
-
of
f
R
-
on
+
V
ou
t
+
V
i
n
-
V
i
n
-
V
ou
t
IN
O
U
T
G
N
D
B
at
t
e
r
y
8
V
-
14
.
8
V
V
I
N
R
-
78
B
52
.
0
-
5
.
0
DCP
0
2
0
5
0
5
U
I
S
O
7
2
2
1
CDR
LM
5
1
1
4
EP
C
2
0
1
0
C
P
WM
Is
ol
a
t
or
G
a
t
e
dr
i
ve
G
a
N
Is
ol
a
t
i
on
DC
/
DC
Ba
t
t
e
ry
5
V
5
V
_
IS
O
P
ow
e
r S
our
e
5
V
Re
gul
a
t
or
P
W
M
F
i
g
u
r
e
6
.
Ga
N FET
s
dr
i
ver sc
hemati
c
M
ini
mi
z
e
L
oop
G
a
t
e
G
a
t
e
G
a
N
F
E
T
s
G
a
N
F
E
T
s
(a)
P
owe
r
Loop
G
a
N
F
E
T
1
G
a
N
F
E
T
2
Ci
n
Ci
n
(b)
P
l
a
n
n
a
r
t
ra
n
f
o
rme
r
C
i
n
G
a
N
Fet
D
riv
e
r
Res
i
st
o
r
0
6
0
3
(c)
P
l
a
n
n
a
r
t
ra
n
f
o
rme
r
C
i
n
G
a
N
Fet
D
riv
e
r
Res
i
st
o
r
0
6
0
3
(d)
F
i
g
u
r
e
7
.
PCB
desig
n of TP
H
BC
-
SR with
m
inimi
zed
rin
ging lo
op
(a)
M
i
nimize
d Dr
i
ver
-
GaN
lo
op
,
(b) Minimi
ze
d r
in
ging
power
loop
,
(c) T
op layer
,
(
d) Bott
om l
aye
r
The
ex
per
ime
nt
al
resu
lt
s
with
prot
otype
TP
HBC
-
SR
are
s
how
n
i
n
Fig
ure
8.
T
he
s
witc
hing
sta
te
of
switc
h
M
3
is
s
how
n
in
Fi
gure
8
(
b
)
w
hile
the
switc
hi
ng
sta
te
s
of
M
2
with
var
i
ou
s
loa
d
c
onditi
ons
a
re
show
n
i
n
Figure
8
(
c
)
an
d
Fi
gure
8
(
d
)
,
resp
ect
ivel
y.
It
can
be
ob
se
r
ve
d
t
hat
both
M
2
an
d
M
3
ac
hie
ve
Z
VS.
In
a
dvance
d,
with a
ppr
opriat
e d
ea
d
-
ti
me
w
hich
is
ad
j
us
te
d bas
e
d on (
8),
M
2
ca
n
ac
hie
ve
ZVS in
w
i
de ran
ge of
loa
d.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
19
36
–
19
44
1942
O
s
i
l
o
s
cope
P
ow
er
s
uppl
y
D
S
P
con
t
rol
l
e
r
P
r
o
to
ty
p
e
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
(a)
34
G
S
orG
S
V
34
D
S
orD
S
V
(b)
2
GS
V
2
DS
V
(c)
2
GS
V
2
DS
V
(d)
Figure
8. Ex
pe
rimental
resu
lt
s w
it
h va
rio
us
l
oad
co
ndit
ion
,
(a)
Ex
per
im
ent
al
sy
ste
ms
,
(
b)
ZVS
of
M
3/
M4,
(c) Z
VS
of
M
2
with
7
0%
rate
d
loa
d
,
(
d) Z
VS
of M
2
with
3
0%
rated loa
d
5.
C
O
NC
L
US
I
O
N
In
this
st
udy,
ZVS
c
onditi
on
for
th
hi
gh
frequ
e
nc
y
Ga
N
FETs
-
base
d
T
PH
BC
-
SR
is
i
ntr
oduce
d.
Conve
ntion
al
l
y,
t
he
Z
VS
c
onditi
on
is
c
hos
en
base
d
on
t
he
pa
rasit
ic
el
ements
of
the
c
onve
rter.
This
researc
h
sh
ows
that
the
dea
d
-
ti
me
between
tw
o
swit
ches
of
a
c
onver
te
r
a
rm
al
s
o
has
str
ong
i
nf
l
uen
ce
on
th
e
Z
VS
conditi
on.
The
n,
the
co
mputa
ti
on
of
minim
um
dead
-
ti
me
w
hich
gua
ran
te
e
s
bot
h
Z
VS
a
nd
t
he
safe
ope
r
at
ion
of
the
c
onve
rte
r
ar
m
is p
rovid
ed.
Th
e
ef
fecti
ven
e
ss o
f
the method
is
co
nf
irmed
by both
numerical
sim
ulati
on
s
and
e
xperime
nt
s
with
a
proto
typ
e
c
onver
te
r.
The
matc
hi
ng
betwee
n
the
e
xp
e
rime
nt
an
d
simulat
ion
re
su
lt
s
pro
ves
the
v
al
i
dity
of the
pro
po
s
ed
so
l
ution.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
This
researc
h
is
f
unde
d
by
t
he
Ha
noi
U
nive
rsity
of
Scie
nc
e
an
d
Tech
nology
(
HUST)
unde
r
project
numb
e
r
T
2018
-
PC
-
050.0
Tha
nk
s
to
Hita
chi
Schola
rs
hip
Re
sea
rch
Suppo
rt
Pro
gr
a
m
20
19
f
r
om
T
he
Hita
chi
Gl
ob
a
l
Foundati
on
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Femi
a
,
Ni
col
a
,
Fortunat
o,
Mari
o,
Vit
el
l
i,
Mass
im
o,
“
Li
ght
-
to
-
Li
ght:
PV
-
Fed
LE
D
L
ight
ing
Sys
te
ms,”
I
EEE
Tr
ansacti
ons on Power
E
le
c
troni
cs
,
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.
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,
no
.
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,
2013
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[2]
N.
Fem
ia
and
W
.
Zamboni,
"P
ho
tovol
taic
-
f
ed
LED
li
gh
ti
ng
sys
tem
wi
th
SO
C
-
base
d
d
im
m
able
LED
loa
d
,
"
IECON
2012
-
38th
Ann
ual
Conf
ere
nce
on
IEEE
Industr
ial
El
e
ct
ronics
S
oci
e
ty
,
Montrea
l
,
QC
,
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-
1
137,
2012
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
ZVS b
as
e
d on
dead
-
ti
me anal
ysi
s o
f t
h
ree
port h
alf bridge c
on
ve
rte
rs (
Ph
uong
Vu
)
1943
[3]
Uday
B.
Muju
mda
r,
D.R
.
Tutkane,
“Photovo
l
ta
i
c
b
ase
d
L
ED
Li
gh
ti
ng
with
Maxim
um
Pow
er
Point
Tracki
n
g,
”
Ene
rgy
Proce
d
ia
,
vol
.
117
,
pp
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2
-
689,
2017
.
[4]
Nithi
yan
ant
han
Kanna
n,
Ni
thi
ya
nant
han
Kanna
n
,
Sunil
Thomas,
“MATLAB/Si
mul
ink
b
ase
d
si
mul
ations
of
K
Y
conve
rt
er
for
PV
panels
pow
er
ed
LE
D
li
gh
ti
ng
sys
te
m
”,
In
te
rn
a
ti
onal
Journal
of
Powe
r
Elec
tronic
s
and
Dr
ive
Syste
m (I
JP
EDS
)
,
vol
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10
,
no
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,
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[5]
Jos
é
António
B
arr
os
Viei
r
a1
an
d
Alexa
ndr
e
Ma
nuel
Mot
a,
“A
High
-
Perform
an
ce
St
and
-
Alone
Solar
PV
Pow
er
Sys
te
m
for LED
Li
ghti
ng
,
”
R
enewable Ene
rgy
,
2
013.
[6]
M.
Z
.
Zul
k
ifl
i
,
M.
Azri
,
A.
Al
i
as,
Md.
H
.
N.
Ta
li
b
,
J.
M.
Lazi,
“Sim
p
le
con
trol
sch
em
e
buc
k
-
boost
DC
-
DC
conve
rt
er
for
st
anda
lon
e
PV
ap
pli
c
at
ion
sys
te
m
”,
In
te
rnationa
l
Journal
of
Pow
er
Elec
troni
cs
a
nd
Dr
iv
e
S
ystem
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PE
DS)
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vol
.
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0,
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[7]
Cassio
Gobbato, Gusta
vo
We
b
er Dena
rdin, Juli
an
o
de
Pel
egr
ini L
opes,
“Co
mpa
ris
on
bet
we
en
stag
es
connect
ions o
f
DC
conve
rt
ers
for
stree
t
li
gh
ti
n
g
sys
te
m
base
d
on
LE
D,
”
201
7
IEE
E
8th
In
t
ernati
onal
S
ymposium
on
Power
El
e
ct
ronics
for
Distribute
d
Gen
erati
on
S
yst
ems
(PE
DG
)
,
pp
.
17
-
20,
2017
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[8]
Arulmoz
hi
Subr
am
an
ia
n,
Santha
KR,
“Re
v
ie
w
o
f
mul
t
iport
isol
a
te
d
bid
ire
c
ti
on
al
conve
rt
er
in
te
rf
ac
ing
r
ene
wab
le
and
en
erg
y
stora
ge
sys
te
m”,
In
ter
nati
onal
Journa
l
of
Powe
r
E
le
c
t
ronics
and
Dr
iv
e
Syste
m
(I
JP
ED
S)
,
vol
.
11,
no.
1
,
pp.
466
-
476
,
20
20.
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Chen,
Yen
-
Mo
&
Huang,
Alex
&
Yu,
Xunw
ei.,
“A
high
step
-
up
three
-
port
D
C
-
DC
conve
rt
er
for
stand
-
al
on
e
PV
/ba
tt
ery
powe
r
sys
te
ms.
Pow
er
Elec
tron
ic
s,
”
I
E
EE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
,
vol. 28. Pp. 5049
-
5062,
201
3.
[10]
Zhi
jun
Qi
an,
Os
am
a
Abde
l
-
Rah
ma
n,
H
ai
bing
H
u,
Iss
a
Batarseh,
“An
integra
t
ed
thre
e
-
por
t
inv
erter
for
stand
-
al
on
e
PV
appl
ic
a
ti
ons,
”
2010
IEEE
E
nergy
Conve
rs
io
n
Congress
and
Ex
positi
on
,
s
2010
IEE
E
Ener
gy
Conve
rs
ion
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E
xposit
ion
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Mira
Alber
t
,
M.
D.
C.
,
Ande
rsen,
M.
A.
E
.
,
&
Knott,
A.
,
“
Three
-
Port
dc
-
dc
Conver
sion
in
Li
gh
t
-
to
-
Li
ght
Sys
te
ms
,
”
Kgs.
Lyngby:
Te
chni
ca
l
Univ
ersity
o
f
Denmar
k
(
DT
U)
,
2016.
[12]
M.
C.
Mira
,
A.
Knott
and
M.
A
.
E
.
Andersen,
"
A
thre
e
-
port
top
ology
com
p
ari
s
on
for
a
low
po
wer
stand
-
al
on
e
photovol
taic
sys
te
m
,
"
2014
Int
e
rnational
Powe
r
Elec
tronic
s
Co
nfe
renc
e
(I
PE
C
-
Hiros
hima
2014
-
ECCE
ASI
A),
Hiros
hima
,
pp.
5
06
-
513,
2014
.
[13]
Maria
C
.
Mira
,
Arnold
Knott,
M
ic
ha
el
A.
E. Ande
rsen,
"Loss
dist
ribut
ion ana
lysis
of
a thre
e
-
po
rt c
onver
te
r
for
low
-
power
stand
-
al
o
ne
l
ight
-
to
-
li
gh
t
sys
te
ms",
Pow
er
Elec
tronic
s
and
Applica
ti
ons
(
E
PE
'16
ECCE
Eu
rope)
2016
18t
h
European
Conf
e
renc
e
on
,
pp
.
1
-
10
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2016
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[14]
.
Wu,
Y.
Xing,
R.
Chen
,
J.
Z
hang,
K.
Sun
a
nd
H.
G
e,
"A
t
hre
e
-
port
ha
lf
-
b
ridge
conve
r
te
r
with
synchrono
us
rec
t
ifi
c
at
ion
for
ren
ewa
bl
e
energ
y
app
li
c
at
ion
,
"
2
011
IE
EE
En
ergy
Con
ve
rs
ion
Congress
and
E
xpo
siti
on,
Pho
enix,
AZ
,
pp.
3343
-
33
49,
2011
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[15]
K.
Ito
h,
S.
Inoue
,
T
.
Sugiyama
a
nd
M.
Sugai,
"D
esign
and
modu
l
at
ion
me
thod
of
Multi
-
port
DC/
DC
conve
rter
fo
r
next
g
ene
r
at
ion
HV
sub
sys
tem,
"
I
ECON
20
16
-
42nd
Annu
al
Conf
ere
nce
o
f
th
e
I
EE
E
Ind
ustrial
Elec
troni
cs
Soci
e
ty
,
F
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,
pp
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1318
-
1323
,
2016
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[16]
W.
Yu
J.
S
.
Lai
H.
Ma
and
C.
Zh
eng
"H
igh
-
e
ffic
i
enc
y
DC
–
DC
conv
ert
er
wit
h
twin
bus
for
dim
ma
b
le
L
E
D
li
ghti
ng"
IEEE
T
rans
.
Powe
r
El
e
ct
ron
.
vo
l. 26, n
o.
8
,
pp
.
2095
-
2
100,
2011
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[17]
Z.
W
ang
and
H
.
Li,
"A
n
Inte
gr
at
ed
Three
-
Port
Bidi
re
ct
ion
al
DC
–
DC
Convert
er
for
PV
Applicati
o
n
on
a
DC
Distribut
ion
Sys
te
m,
"
in
I
EEE
Tr
ansacti
ons on P
ower
Elec
troni
cs
,
vol
.
28
,
no
.
10
,
pp.
4612
-
4624
,
2013.
[18]
L.
Jiang
and
D
.
Costin
et
t
,
"A
tr
ipl
e
a
ctive
bridg
e
DC
-
DC
converte
r
c
apa
bl
e
of
a
chi
ev
ing
full
-
r
an
ge
ZVS,"
2016
IEE
E
Applied
P
ower
Elec
troni
cs
Co
nfe
ren
ce and
Ex
posi
ti
on
(
APEC),
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a
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[19]
R.
Far
aj
i
,
H
.
Far
za
nehf
ard
,
G.
K
am
pit
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M.
Ma
tt
av
el
li,
E
.
Ma
ti
o
li
and
M
.
Este
ki
,
"F
ull
y
Soft
-
Sw
i
tc
hed
High
Step
-
up
Non
-
Isolate
d
Thr
ee
-
Port
D
C
-
DC
Converte
r
Us
ing
GaN
HEMTs,"
in
I
EE
E
Tr
ansa
ct
io
ns
on
Industria
l
El
e
ct
ronics
,
[20]
J.
Deng,
H.
Wa
n
g
and
M
.
Shang
,
"A
ZVS
Three
-
Port
DC/DC
Co
nver
te
r
for
High
-
Volta
ge
Bus
-
Ba
sed
Photovolt
ai
c
Sys
te
ms,"
in
IE
EE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Pow
er
E
le
c
tronic
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vo
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11
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T
.
Duong,
P.
A.
Nguyen,
P.
Vu,
B.
B.
Pho,
D.
Duong
Vu
an
d
Q.
Dang
Bui
,
"H
igh
Eff
i
ci
en
c
y
GaN
FET
Bas
ed
Thre
e
Port
Half
bridge
Conver
ter,"
2019
Int
ernati
onal
Con
fe
ren
ce
on
S
yste
m
Sc
ie
nc
e
and
Eng
in
ee
ring
(ICSSE
),
Dong Hoi,
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e
tn
am
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[22]
Xue,
F
ei
&
Yu
,
Ruiya
ng
&
Hua
ng,
Alex
.
,
“A
98.
3%
Eff
i
cient
Ga
N Isola
te
d
Bid
ir
ec
t
iona
l
DC
-
DC
Convert
er
for
D
C
Microgr
id Ene
rg
y
Storage Sys
tem
Appli
ca
t
ions,
”
IE
EE Tr
ansacti
ons on
Industri
al
E
le
c
tronic
s
.
p
p.
1
-
1
,
2017
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[23]
Nguyen
Kien
Tr
ung,
Ta
kuy
a
Og
at
a
,
Shinic
h
i
Tanak
a,
Kan
Aka
tsu,
“PCB
d
esign
for
13.
56MH
z
h
al
f
-
bridg
e
class
D
inve
rt
er
for
wir
e
le
ss
power
tr
ansfe
r
sys
tem,
”
201
5
9th
Int
ernati
o
nal
Conf
ere
nc
e
on
Pow
er
E
lectr
onic
s
and
ECC
E
Asia
(ICP
E
-
EC
CE
Asia)
,
pp
.
1
-
5,
2015
.
[24]
Data
shee
t
EPC2010C,
Avai
la
bl
e
:
htt
p
:/
/
epc
-
co.co
m/
ep
c/
Products/
eGa
NF
ET
sandI
Cs/EPC2010C.as
px
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[25]
D.
Reus
ch
and
J.
Strydo
m,
“Unde
rstandi
ng
th
e
E
ffe
ct
of
PC
B
Layout
on
Ci
rcu
i
t
Perform
ance
in
a
High
Frequ
ency
Gall
ium
Nitri
d
e
Based
Point
of
Loa
d
Conv
ert
er
,
”
Applied
Powe
r
El
e
ct
roni
cs
Confe
renc
e
and
Expos
it
ion
(
A
PE
C)
,
pp.
649
-
655
,
20
13.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
19
36
–
19
44
1944
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Phuong
Vu
rece
ive
d
h
is
B.
S.
,
M.S.,
and
Ph.D
.
degr
e
es
fro
m
Hanoi
Unive
rsit
y
of
Sc
ie
nc
e
an
d
Te
chno
logy,
Vi
et
na
m,
in
2006
,
2008,
and
201
4,
respe
ctivel
y
,
al
l
in
Con
trol
E
ngine
er
ing
and
Automa
ti
on
.
Sin
ce
2006
h
e
h
as
bee
n
em
ploy
ed
at
Hanoi
Univer
sity
of
Sci
ence
a
nd
Techn
ology,
where
h
e
is
a
lectur
er
and
rese
a
rch
er
at
school
of
elec
tri
c
al
eng
ine
er
ing.
His
res
ea
rch
in
te
rests
inc
lud
e
mod
el
in
g
and
cont
ro
ll
i
ng
of
power
e
l
ec
tron
ic
s
converte
rs
for
applic
at
ions
such
as
photovol
taic
,
wi
nd
sys
te
m, electr
ic
a
l
m
ac
h
ine
dr
i
ve.
Nguyen
Manh
Li
nh
re
ce
iv
ed
h
is
B.
S.
and
M.S
.
d
egr
e
es
in
ele
ct
ri
ca
l
engi
ne
ering
from
H
anoi
Univer
sity
of
Sc
ie
nc
e
and
Techn
ology,
Hano
i,
Vi
et
na
m,
in
2008
a
nd
2011,
r
espe
ctivel
y
,
and
the
Ph.D.
deg
ree
fr
om
Gradu
at
e
S
chool
of
Engi
n
ee
ring
and
Sc
ience
in
Shibaur
a
Inst
it
ut
e
of
Te
chno
logy,
To
kyo,
Japa
n
in
20
18.
He
is
cur
r
en
tl
y
working
as
a
le
c
ture
r
in
the
Depa
rtment
of
Industria
l
Auto
ma
ti
on
,
School
of
Elec
tr
ical
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
Hanoi
Univer
si
ty
of
Scie
n
ce
an
d
Te
chno
logy,
Ha
noi,
Vi
et
n
am
.
H
is
rese
ar
ch
int
e
r
ests
include
mo
del
pr
edicti
v
e
c
ontrol
,
slidi
n
g
mode
cont
rol
,
di
sturbanc
e
obser
ver
,
adva
n
ce
d
c
ontrol
the
ory
an
d
it
s
application
s
to
m
ic
ro
/na
no
positi
oning
sys
tems,
dig
it
a
l cont
r
ol
design
for
po
wer
elec
troni
c
c
onver
te
rs.
Viet
Phuong
Pham
recei
v
ed
h
is
B.
S.
d
egr
e
e
in
E
le
c
tri
c
al
Eng
ine
e
ring
fro
m
Hano
i
Univer
si
ty
of
Scie
nc
e
and
Technol
ogy,
Vie
tn
am
,
in
2003,
hi
s
M.S.
and
Ph
D.
degr
ee
s
bo
th
in
Elec
t
rical
Engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
Tokyo
Insti
tu
te
of
T
ec
hno
log
y,
Jap
an,
in
200
6
and
2009,
res
pec
t
ive
ly
.
He
i
s
cur
ren
t
ly
with
Depa
rtment
of
I
n
dustria
l
Auto
m
at
ion
,
School
of
El
e
ct
ri
cal
Eng
i
nee
ring
,
Hanoi
Univer
sity
of
Scie
nc
e
and
T
ec
hnology
.
His
rese
arc
h
inter
ests
are
high
power
multil
ev
el
conve
rt
ers
in
cl
u
ding
modu
la
r m
ult
ilevel c
onv
erters.
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