I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
P
o
w
er
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Driv
e
Sy
s
t
e
m
(
I
J
P
E
DS
)
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
201
8
,
p
p
.
1
1
4
7
~
1
1
5
6
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
p
ed
s
.
v
9
.i
3
.
pp
1
1
4
7
-
1
1
5
6
1147
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e.
co
m/jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
I
JP
E
DS
Fu
zz
y
Lo
g
ic Cont
ro
ller Eff
ectivene
ss
Ev
a
lua
tion thr
o
ug
h
Co
m
pa
ra
tive Me
m
be
rships
f
o
r
P
h
o
tov
o
ltaic M
a
x
im
u
m
P
o
w
er
Point Tra
c
k
ing
F
unction
H
us
s
a
in At
t
ia
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
&
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
De
p
t.
,
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
Am
e
ri
c
a
n
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Ra
s
A
l
Kh
a
im
a
h
,
Un
i
Em
irat
A
ra
b
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Dec
13
,
2
0
1
7
R
ev
i
s
ed
A
p
r
12
,
2
0
1
8
A
cc
ep
ted
A
u
g
6
,
2
0
1
8
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
in
t
T
ra
c
k
in
g
(M
P
P
T
)
is an
i
m
p
o
rtan
t
o
b
jec
ti
v
e
n
e
e
d
e
d
to
g
a
in
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
f
ro
m
so
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
p
a
n
e
l
d
u
ri
n
g
th
e
w
e
a
th
e
r
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
v
a
riatio
n
.
M
a
n
y
stu
d
ie
s
a
n
d
so
l
u
ti
o
n
s
a
re
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
i
n
li
tera
tu
re
,
m
o
st
o
f
th
e
m
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
t
h
e
a
lg
o
ri
th
m
t
y
p
e
w
h
ich
a
d
o
p
te
d
f
o
r
M
P
P
trac
k
in
g
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
i.
e
.
DC
-
DC
B
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
rter.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
se
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s,
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
i
c
Co
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
(F
L
C)
d
e
m
o
n
stra
tes
h
ig
h
q
u
a
li
ty
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
b
y
f
a
st
trac
k
in
g
re
sp
o
n
se
a
n
d
ro
b
u
st
e
ff
e
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
.
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
r
o
p
o
se
s
a
F
L
C
b
y
a
n
e
w
h
a
rm
o
n
y
o
f
th
e
in
p
u
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
a
riab
les
th
r
o
u
g
h
c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
stu
d
y
to
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
trac
k
in
g
b
e
h
a
v
io
r.
T
o
trac
k
th
e
M
P
P
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
so
lu
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tro
ls
th
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
o
f
d
u
ty
c
y
c
le
f
o
r
P
W
M
g
a
te
d
riv
e
p
u
lse
s
w
id
th
v
a
riatio
n
to
d
riv
e
th
e
d
e
sig
n
e
d
Bu
c
k
-
Bo
o
st
DC
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter.
M
ATLAB/S
im
u
li
n
k
so
f
t
w
a
re
i
s
se
l
e
c
ted
to
sim
u
late
th
e
in
tro
d
u
c
e
d
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r.
T
h
e
sim
u
latio
n
re
su
lt
s
a
re
re
f
lec
ti
n
g
th
e
p
ro
m
isin
g
in
d
ica
ti
o
n
s
t
o
a
d
o
p
t
th
e
p
re
se
n
ted
p
ro
p
o
sa
l
a
s a
n
e
f
f
e
c
ti
v
e
M
P
P
T
sy
ste
m
f
o
r
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
B
u
ck
-
b
o
o
s
t D
C
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
Fu
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
(
F
L
C
)
MA
T
L
A
B
MP
PT
P
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
an
el
R
en
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
Var
iab
le
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
201
8
In
s
t
it
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Hu
s
s
ai
n
A
ttia,
E
lectr
ical,
E
lectr
o
n
ics &
C
o
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
Dep
t.
,
Am
er
ica
n
Un
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
o
f
R
as
Al
Kh
ai
m
ah
,
R
as
A
l K
h
ai
m
a
h
,
1
0
0
2
1
,
Un
i E
m
ir
at
A
r
ab
.
E
m
ail:
h
attia
@
a
u
r
ak
.
ac
.
ae
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
R
en
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
lu
tio
n
i
s
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
w
ar
d
s
m
itig
ate
th
e
n
eg
at
iv
e
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
s
o
f
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
e
l
u
s
i
n
g
.
T
h
ese
f
u
el
e
f
f
ec
t
s
w
h
ic
h
r
ef
lecte
d
o
n
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
air
p
o
ll
u
tio
n
,
a
m
b
ie
n
t
te
m
p
e
r
at
u
r
e,
an
d
g
lo
b
al
w
ar
m
in
g
.
[
1
]
-
[
2
]
.
Du
e
to
th
e
m
er
it
s
o
f
s
o
lar
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
r
ep
r
ese
n
ti
n
g
b
y
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
a
n
d
ea
s
y
u
s
e
as
w
ell
a
s
ch
ea
p
all
lead
to
h
a
v
e
h
ig
h
l
y
p
r
io
r
it
y
i
n
ap
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
in
r
esear
c
h
s
t
u
d
ies.
So
lar
p
an
el
is
an
ar
r
a
y
o
r
a
m
atr
ix
o
f
s
o
l
ar
ce
lls
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
s
er
ial
an
d
/o
r
p
ar
allel
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
d
esire
d
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
lev
e
ls
.
T
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
an
el
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
i
n
cl
u
d
ed
ce
lls
is
co
n
v
er
ti
n
g
t
h
e
i
n
cid
en
t
s
u
n
li
g
h
t
to
an
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
elec
tr
ical
p
o
w
er
.
So
lar
p
an
el
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
e
n
es
s
o
f
e
f
f
ici
en
c
y
is
ev
al
u
ated
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
(
P
PV
)
.
T
h
is
p
o
w
er
i
s
p
o
s
itiv
el
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
w
ith
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
p
an
el
v
o
ltag
e
(
V
PV
)
an
d
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
p
an
el
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
I
PV
)
i.e
.
it
is
eq
u
al
to
th
e
m
u
ltip
licatio
n
r
esu
lt o
f
th
e
s
e
t
w
o
v
al
u
es (
P
PV
= V
PV
*I
PV
)
[
3
]
-
[
5
]
.
Ma
n
y
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
a
n
d
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
liter
atu
r
e
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
lev
el
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
an
el
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
.
So
m
e
o
f
t
h
ese
s
tu
d
ie
s
ar
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
a
ce
r
tai
n
elec
tr
o
m
ec
h
a
n
ic
all
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
tr
ac
k
an
d
f
o
llo
w
t
h
e
s
u
n
lig
h
t
d
ir
ec
ti
o
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
a
y
ti
m
i
n
g
[
6
]
-
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
o
th
er
ar
e
f
o
cu
s
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
alg
o
r
it
h
m
t
y
p
e
an
d
th
e
d
e
s
ig
n
o
f
r
elate
d
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
y
s
te
m
to
p
o
lo
g
y
lead
in
g
to
g
ai
n
a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
(
MP
P)
b
y
tr
ac
k
in
g
i
t
d
u
r
i
n
g
w
ea
t
h
er
co
n
d
itio
n
v
ar
iatio
n
co
n
s
id
e
r
in
g
t
h
e
P
V
p
a
n
el
o
u
tp
u
t
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
as
r
e
v
ie
w
ed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1
1
4
7
–
1
1
5
6
1148
in
[
8
]
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
s
tan
d
-
al
o
n
e
s
o
lar
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
.
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
er
P
o
in
t
T
r
ac
k
in
g
(
MPPT
)
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
w
h
e
n
tr
ac
k
t
h
e
n
o
n
l
in
ea
r
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
P
V
p
an
el
to
a
ce
r
tain
p
o
in
t,
th
i
s
MP
PT
is
lo
ca
ted
at
t
h
e
to
p
o
f
th
e
p
an
el
p
o
w
er
cu
r
v
e,
an
d
b
ased
o
n
th
i
s
f
ac
t
all
o
f
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
in
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
r
ea
ch
in
g
to
th
i
s
[
9
]
-
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
f
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
cu
r
r
en
t
is
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
[
9
]
in
w
h
ich
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
tel
y
lin
ea
r
r
elate
d
b
et
w
ee
n
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
w
it
h
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
i
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
[
1
0
]
s
h
o
w
s
an
d
an
al
y
ze
s
t
h
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
o
f
I
n
cr
e
m
en
tal
C
o
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
(
I
C
)
w
h
ich
c
h
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
h
i
g
h
l
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
q
u
alit
y
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
q
u
ic
k
w
ea
t
h
er
v
a
r
iatio
n
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
o
f
th
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
is
t
h
e
h
ig
h
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
es
w
h
ic
h
co
n
s
u
m
ed
i
n
th
e
f
o
u
r
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
o
f
th
e
MP
P
T
s
y
s
te
m
.
Ot
h
e
r
tech
n
iq
u
e
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
1
1
]
b
ased
o
n
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
o
f
P
er
tu
r
b
&
Ob
s
e
r
v
e
(
P
&
O)
,
th
is
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
d
y
n
a
m
ic
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
to
MP
P
d
u
r
in
g
w
ea
t
h
er
v
ar
iatio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
s
u
n
n
y
an
d
c
lo
u
d
y
d
ay
h
o
u
r
s
,
th
e
m
ai
n
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
s
o
f
t
h
is
m
eth
o
d
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
b
y
o
s
cil
lated
r
esp
o
n
s
e
d
u
r
in
g
n
o
c
h
an
g
e
w
ea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
s
lo
w
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
p
ee
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
q
u
ick
w
ea
t
h
er
v
ar
iatio
n
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
p
le
s
t
MP
PT
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
C
o
n
s
tan
t
Vo
lta
g
e
(
C
V)
w
h
ich
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
[
1
2
]
,
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
i
s
ad
o
p
ted
b
ased
o
n
th
e
a
s
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
o
f
t
h
at
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
7
6
%
o
f
th
e
o
p
en
cir
cu
it
v
o
lta
g
e
v
a
lu
e
is
eq
u
al
n
o
r
m
al
s
o
lar
p
an
el
v
o
ltag
e
d
u
r
i
n
g
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
.
L
o
w
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
is
t
h
e
m
ai
n
d
e
m
er
it
o
f
th
is
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
R
ec
en
t
l
y
Fu
zz
y
L
o
g
ic
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
(
FLC)
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
f
o
r
M
P
PT
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
n
m
an
y
s
t
u
d
ies
d
u
e
to
it
s
m
er
its
o
f
r
o
b
u
s
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
f
as
t
MP
P
tr
ac
k
in
g
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
an
d
th
e
h
ig
h
s
tab
ilit
y
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
s
tab
le
w
ea
t
h
er
co
n
d
itio
n
[
1
3
]
-
[
1
7
]
.
E
n
h
an
ce
m
en
t
o
n
Hi
ll
-
C
li
m
b
i
n
g
MP
PT
tech
n
iq
u
e
i
s
d
o
n
e
i
n
[
1
3
]
th
r
o
u
g
h
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
F
L
C
p
o
s
itiv
e
e
f
f
ec
t.
I
n
[
1
4
]
-
[
1
5
]
f
ast
an
d
ac
c
u
r
ate
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
ar
e
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
f
o
r
MP
PT
o
b
jectiv
e
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
e
w
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
Oth
er
m
o
d
u
le
o
f
F
L
C
i
n
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
[
1
6
]
-
[
1
7
]
,
th
is
F
L
C
m
o
d
u
le
i
s
c
h
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
h
i
g
h
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
p
ee
d
an
d
h
i
g
h
s
tab
il
it
y
a
v
o
id
in
g
th
e
o
s
cilla
ted
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
at
th
e
w
ea
t
h
er
v
ar
iatio
n
t
h
at
w
h
a
t
e
x
ac
tl
y
h
ap
p
en
ed
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
t
h
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
f
p
er
tu
r
b
&
o
b
s
er
v
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
D
u
e
to
t
h
e
p
o
s
iti
v
e
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
s
o
f
f
u
zz
y
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
h
ich
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
in
liter
at
u
r
e,
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
d
etailed
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
F
L
C
a
n
d
f
u
ll
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
d
esire
d
B
u
ck
-
B
o
o
s
t
DC
-
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
to
g
u
ar
a
n
tee
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
t
h
e
MP
P
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
P
V
p
an
el
r
eg
ar
d
less
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
v
ar
iatio
n
.
T
o
ex
p
lain
th
is
p
ap
er
clea
r
ly
,
th
e
r
em
a
in
i
n
g
is
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
Sectio
n
I
I
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
-
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
th
e
p
o
w
er
-
v
o
lta
g
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics
o
f
a
ce
r
tain
P
V
p
an
el
w
h
ic
h
u
n
d
er
s
t
u
d
y
.
A
d
etailed
d
esi
g
n
o
f
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Sectio
n
I
I
I
.
Fu
ll
ex
p
lan
a
tio
n
o
f
all
FLC
d
et
ails
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
F
u
zz
y
f
icat
io
n
,
Fu
zz
y
I
n
f
er
e
n
ce
R
u
le
s
,
an
d
Def
u
z
zif
icatio
n
ar
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
Sectio
n
I
V.
MA
T
L
A
B
/S
i
m
u
lin
k
s
i
m
u
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
r
esu
lts
w
i
th
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
s
ec
tio
n
V.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
i
s
p
ap
er
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
ec
t
io
n
V
2.
SO
L
AR
P
H
O
T
O
VO
L
T
A
I
C
P
ANE
L
T
h
e
s
o
lar
P
V
p
an
el
w
h
ich
is
a
d
o
p
ted
in
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
h
a
s
1
6
%
ef
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
o
th
er
p
ar
a
m
ete
r
s
o
f
o
p
en
v
o
ltag
e,
s
h
o
r
t c
u
r
r
en
t,
MP
P
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
en
t a
n
d
p
o
w
er
all
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
b
asic
u
n
it
i
n
s
o
lar
P
V
p
an
el
i
s
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
th
e
s
o
l
ar
ce
ll.
T
h
is
ce
l
l
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
p
o
w
er
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
f
al
lin
g
o
f
s
u
n
li
g
h
t o
n
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
a
n
el.
T
h
e
q
u
an
ti
t
y
o
f
in
cid
e
n
t li
g
h
t a
n
d
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
a
m
b
ie
n
t
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
h
av
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
q
u
an
t
it
y
.
T
h
e
P
V
ce
ll
b
eh
av
e
s
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
l
y
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lt
ag
e,
cu
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
[
4
]
-
[
1
2
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
eq
u
i
v
al
en
t
elec
tr
ical
cir
c
u
it
o
f
th
e
P
V
ce
ll
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
b
eh
av
io
r
is
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
at
ed
in
(
1
)
,
(
2
)
,
an
d
(
3
)
in
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
ce
ll
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
V
-
I
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
[
1
7
]
.
T
ab
les
an
d
Fig
u
r
es
ar
e
p
r
ese
n
ted
ce
n
ter
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
b
elo
w
an
d
cited
in
th
e
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
E
q
u
iv
ale
n
t e
lectr
ical
cir
cu
it o
f
s
o
lar
P
V
ce
ll
=
0
(
−
1
)
(
1
)
=
−
(
2
)
=
+
+
(
3
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
F
u
z
z
y
Lo
g
ic
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
E
ffecti
ve
n
ess
E
va
lu
a
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
C
o
mp
a
r
a
tive
Memb
ers
h
ip
s
...
(
H
u
s
s
a
in
A
ttia
)
1149
=
−
−
(
4
)
w
h
er
e
I
SC
is
th
e
to
tal
li
g
h
t
g
e
n
er
ated
cu
r
r
en
t,
I
D
is
t
h
e
d
io
d
e
cu
r
r
en
t,
R
P
i
s
th
e
s
h
u
n
t
r
e
s
is
to
r
,
I
PV
is
th
e
p
an
el
o
u
tp
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t,
a
n
d
R
S
is
t
h
e
s
er
ial
r
esi
s
to
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
an
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
t
h
e
I
-
V
a
n
d
P
-
V
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
th
e
s
elec
te
d
P
V
P
o
ly
C
r
y
s
talli
n
e
m
o
d
u
le
(
PP
S2
6
0
P
-
60
-
ST
C
)
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
a
m
b
ien
t
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
f
i
g
u
r
e
ar
e
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
is
a
f
f
ec
ted
p
o
s
itiv
el
y
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
cid
en
t
s
o
lar
li
g
h
t
(
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
)
,
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
i
n
cr
e
m
e
n
t
ef
f
ec
ts
n
eg
at
iv
el
y
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
p
o
w
er
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
T
ab
le
1
.
P
V
Po
ly
C
r
y
s
talli
n
e
m
o
d
el
(
P
P
S2
6
0
P
-
60
-
ST
C
P
an
el)
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
P
e
a
k
P
o
w
e
r
P
max
2
6
0
W
Ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
η
1
6
%
R
a
t
e
d
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
V
mp
p
3
1
.
1
V
R
a
t
e
d
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
I
mp
p
8
.
3
7
A
O
p
e
n
C
i
r
c
u
i
t
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
V
o
c
3
8
.
1
V
S
h
o
r
t
C
i
r
c
u
i
t
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
I
sc
8
.
9
8
A
P
o
w
e
r
t
o
l
e
r
a
n
c
e
P
0
-
3%
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
S
y
st
e
m V
o
l
t
a
g
e
UL
1
0
0
0
V
T
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
C
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
P
o
w
e
r
(
P
)
-
0
.
4
1
%
/
o
C
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
3
.
1
.
B
uck
-
B
o
o
s
t
DC
-
DC
Co
nv
er
t
er
Desig
n
T
h
e
f
u
n
ct
io
n
o
f
B
u
c
k
-
B
o
o
s
t
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
is
co
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
(
s
tep
p
in
g
-
u
p
,
o
r
s
tep
p
in
g
-
d
o
w
n
)
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
b
y
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
o
f
t
h
e
P
W
M
p
u
l
s
es.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
(
V
o
)
h
as
m
in
u
s
s
i
g
n
w
it
h
lin
ea
r
r
elatio
n
w
it
h
r
e
s
p
ec
t
to
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
(
V
in
)
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
(
5
)
.
T
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
D
is
ef
f
ec
ts
d
ir
ec
tl
y
o
n
t
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e,
w
h
e
n
D
o
f
(
D
<
0
.
5
)
,
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
is
ab
le
to
b
u
ck
(
s
tep
d
o
w
n
)
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
to
h
av
e
lo
w
er
ab
s
o
lu
te
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
is
ab
le
to
b
o
o
s
t
(
s
tep
u
p
)
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
f
o
r
(
D
>
0
.
5
)
[
1
8
]
.
=
−
(
1
−
)
(
5
)
Usi
n
g
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
co
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
th
at
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
is
d
o
n
e
i
n
m
an
y
r
esear
ch
s
t
u
d
ies
[
1
8
]
-
[
2
1
]
.
T
o
o
p
er
ate
in
C
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
C
o
n
d
u
ctio
n
Mo
d
e
(
C
C
M)
w
h
ic
h
is
s
i
m
p
ler
co
n
v
er
ter
o
p
e
r
atin
g
m
o
d
e,
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
in
d
u
cto
r
m
in
i
m
u
m
v
al
u
e
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
f
r
o
m
eq
.
(
6
)
as e
x
p
lain
ed
in
[
2
2
]
.
L
min
=
(
1
−
)
2
2
(
6
)
w
h
er
e
f
r
ep
r
ese
n
ts
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
,
R
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
th
e
lo
ad
r
esis
tan
ce
.
So
to
g
u
ar
a
n
te
e
w
o
r
k
in
g
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
C
C
M,
th
e
s
elec
ted
in
d
u
cto
r
v
al
u
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
g
r
ea
te
r
th
an
t
h
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
in
d
u
cto
r
v
alu
e
o
f
E
q
.
(
6
)
.
T
h
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
ca
n
b
e
ca
l
cu
lated
f
r
o
m
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
r
ip
p
le
ΔV
O
[
2
2
]
,
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
E
q
.
(
7
)
,
(
8
)
,
an
d
(
9
)
.
Δ
=
(
7
)
∆
=
(
8
)
=
(
9
)
w
h
er
e
V
o
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
n
v
e
r
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e,
D
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
c
le
o
r
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
r
atio
o
f
u
s
ed
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
w
itc
h
w
h
ic
h
in
cl
u
d
ed
in
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
t
er
.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
lated
m
in
i
m
u
m
in
d
u
cto
r
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
alu
es
at
3
0
k
Hz
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
v
o
ltag
e
r
ip
p
le
(
ΔV
O
/V
O
)
=
2
%,
D
=
0
.
5
,
an
d
lo
ad
r
esis
ta
n
ce
o
f
(
3
1
.
1
V^2
/2
6
0
W
)
=
3
.
7
2
Ω
ar
e
1
5
.
5
μ
H,
an
d
2
2
4
μ
F
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
s
e
lecte
d
i
n
d
u
cto
r
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
al
u
es
f
o
r
th
e
s
i
m
u
lated
B
u
ck
-
B
o
o
s
t
D
C
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
ar
e
0
.
5
m
H,
an
d
3
3
0
μ
F r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
t
ed
B
u
ck
-
B
o
o
s
t
D
C
-
DC
co
n
v
er
te
r
b
ased
Fu
zz
y
lo
g
ic
C
o
n
tr
o
lle
r
(
FLC)
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
As
s
h
o
w
n
in
th
is
f
i
g
u
r
e,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
s
t
ar
ted
b
y
th
e
s
elec
ted
s
o
lar
P
V
p
an
el,
w
h
ic
h
u
s
ed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1
1
4
7
–
1
1
5
6
1150
to
s
u
p
p
l
y
t
h
e
DC
li
n
k
v
o
lta
g
e
to
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
is
co
n
v
er
t
er
is
d
er
iv
ed
b
y
p
u
l
s
e
W
id
th
Mo
d
u
latio
n
(
P
W
M)
p
u
ls
es
i
n
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
v
ia
t
h
e
d
es
i
g
n
ed
F
L
C
f
o
r
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
er
P
o
in
t
T
r
ac
k
in
g
(
MP
PT)
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
3
.
2
.
Sub
s
ec
t
io
n
2
Du
e
to
th
e
f
as
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
a
n
d
th
e
h
i
g
h
s
tab
ili
t
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
tab
le
w
ea
t
h
er
co
n
d
itio
n
as
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
FLC
i
s
s
tar
tin
g
b
y
r
ec
eiv
in
g
i
n
s
ta
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
v
a
lu
e
s
o
f
s
o
lar
p
an
el
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
th
en
ca
lcu
lati
n
g
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
le
o
f
er
r
o
r
E
r
r
(
n
)
a
n
d
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
le
o
f
er
r
o
r
ch
an
g
e
Δ
E
r
r
(
n
)
u
s
i
n
g
E
q
.
s
(
1
0
)
-
(
1
4
)
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
v
al
u
e
s
an
d
th
e
tr
en
d
s
o
f
t
h
ese
s
in
p
u
t
v
ar
iab
les
to
th
e
FLC,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
il
l
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
s
u
ita
b
le
ch
an
g
e
o
f
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
Δ
D
[
2
3
]
-
[
2
4
]
.
Du
t
y
c
y
cle
c
h
a
n
g
e
ΔD
w
ill
a
d
d
to
th
e
co
n
s
tan
t
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
o
f
0
.
5
.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
is
to
tr
ac
k
t
h
e
MP
P
p
o
in
t
b
ased
o
n
th
e
f
ac
t
o
f
th
i
s
p
o
in
t
is
lo
ca
ted
a
t
th
e
to
p
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
cu
r
v
e
i.e
.
at
(
Δ
P
/ΔV
=
0
)
as
ex
p
lain
ed
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
T
o
tr
ac
k
th
is
p
o
in
t,
FL
C
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
D
v
alu
e
b
y
d
o
in
g
a
litt
le
o
r
lar
g
e
s
tep
o
f
in
cr
e
m
en
t
o
r
d
ec
r
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
ch
a
n
g
e
Δ
D.
C
o
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
in
s
ta
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
v
al
u
e
o
f
D
w
i
ll
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
in
s
tan
ta
n
eo
u
s
v
alu
e
o
f
co
n
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
d
u
r
i
n
g
P
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e.
I
n
o
t
h
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
th
e
w
id
t
h
o
f
P
W
M
g
a
te
d
r
iv
e
p
u
l
s
es
w
i
ll
b
e
co
n
tr
o
ll
ed
b
y
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
D
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
-
V
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
s
o
lar
P
V
m
o
d
el
(
PP
S2
6
0
P
-
60
-
ST
C
)
at
(
a)
Dif
f
er
en
t ir
r
ad
iatio
n
lev
el
s
at
2
5
°C
,
(
b
)
Dif
f
er
en
t a
m
b
ien
t te
m
p
er
a
tu
r
e
at
1
0
0
0
W
/m
2
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
P
-
V
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
s
o
lar
P
V
m
o
d
el
(
PP
S2
6
0
P
-
60
-
ST
C
)
at
(
a)
d
if
f
er
en
t ir
r
ad
iat
i
o
n
lev
el
s
at
2
5
°C
,
(
b
)
Dif
f
er
en
t a
m
b
ie
n
t te
m
p
er
a
tu
r
e
at
1
0
0
0
W
/m
2
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
B
uc
k
-
B
o
o
s
t D
C
-
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
d
iag
r
a
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
F
u
z
z
y
Lo
g
ic
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
E
ffecti
ve
n
ess
E
va
lu
a
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
C
o
mp
a
r
a
tive
Memb
ers
h
ip
s
...
(
H
u
s
s
a
in
A
ttia
)
1151
(
)
=
(
)
∗
(
)
(
1
0
)
∆
(
)
=
(
)
−
(
−
1
)
(
1
1
)
∆
(
)
=
(
)
−
(
−
1
)
(
1
2
)
(
)
=
∆
(
)
∆
(
)
(
1
3
)
∆
(
)
=
(
)
−
(
−
1
)
(
1
4
)
Gen
er
all
y
,
F
L
C
co
n
tr
o
ller
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
t
h
r
ee
b
lo
ck
s
;
F
u
z
zif
icatio
n
b
lo
ck
,
F
u
zz
y
I
n
f
er
en
ce
R
u
les
b
lo
ck
,
an
d
Def
u
zz
i
f
icatio
n
b
l
o
ck
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
n
es
s
o
f
t
h
e
FLC
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
i
n
ter
n
al
d
esi
g
n
o
f
t
h
ese
b
lo
ck
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
s
tag
es
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
FL
C
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
s
o
lar
p
an
el
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
b
e
f
o
r
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
t
h
e
ad
d
er
s
ta
g
e
o
f
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
a
f
ter
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
Fu
zz
i
f
icat
io
n
b
lo
ck
is
r
ec
ei
v
in
g
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
v
a
r
iab
les
o
f
t
h
e
r
ea
lis
t
ic
d
o
m
ai
n
an
d
co
n
v
er
t
in
g
t
h
e
m
to
li
n
g
u
i
s
tic
v
ar
iab
les
to
b
e
in
s
u
i
tab
le
d
o
m
ai
n
o
f
th
e
n
e
x
t
f
u
zz
y
b
lo
ck
s
.
T
h
e
d
esire
d
f
i
v
e
le
v
els
w
h
ich
ar
e
s
elec
ted
t
o
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
lin
g
u
i
s
tic
v
ar
iab
le
o
f
E
r
r
o
r
(
n
)
o
r
err
(
n
)
u
n
d
er
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
n
a
m
e
s
N
L
(
Ne
g
ati
v
e
L
ar
g
e)
l
ev
el,
NS
(
Ne
g
ati
v
e
S
m
all)
le
v
el,
Z
P
(
Z
er
o
P
o
s
itio
n
)
,
P
S
(
P
o
s
itiv
e
S
m
all)
lev
el,
an
d
P
L
(
P
o
s
itiv
e
L
ar
g
e)
le
v
el.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
th
e
d
esire
d
t
h
r
ee
lev
el
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
s
elec
ted
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
lin
g
u
is
tic
v
ar
iab
le
o
f
Δ
E
r
r
or
Der
r
(
n
)
th
at
n
a
m
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
;
N
S
(
Neg
ativ
e
S
m
all)
le
v
el,
Z
P
(
Z
er
o
P
o
s
itio
n
)
,
an
d
P
S
(
P
o
s
itiv
e
S
m
all)
le
v
el.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
ed
lin
g
u
i
s
tic
o
u
tp
u
t
v
a
r
iab
le
n
a
m
es
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ti
n
g
th
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
ch
an
g
e
Δ
D
or
DD
th
at
ar
e
as
f
o
llo
w
;
NB
(
Neg
ati
v
e
B
ig
)
v
al
u
e,
NS
(
Neg
ati
v
e
S
m
a
ll)
v
alu
e,
Z
P
(
Z
er
o
P
o
s
itio
n
)
v
al
u
e,
P
S
(
P
o
s
iti
v
e
S
m
all)
v
al
u
e,
a
n
d
P
B
(
P
o
s
itiv
e
B
ig
)
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
o
f
F
u
zz
y
I
n
f
er
e
n
ce
R
u
le
s
is
d
esig
n
ed
b
ased
o
n
Ma
m
d
a
n
i
m
eth
o
d
;
t
h
is
b
lo
ck
i
s
in
c
lu
d
in
g
t
h
e
d
esire
d
in
f
er
en
ce
r
u
l
es.
Def
u
zz
i
f
icatio
n
b
lo
ck
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
th
ir
d
b
lo
ck
in
F
L
C
w
h
ic
h
is
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
o
n
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
th
e
r
ea
lis
t
ic
ΔD
o
r
DD
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
v
alu
e
u
s
i
n
g
ce
n
ter
o
f
g
r
a
v
it
y
m
et
h
o
d
.
B
ased
o
n
ΔD
o
r
DD
v
alu
e
(
n
e
g
ati
v
e
o
r
p
o
s
itiv
e)
,
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
w
ill
w
o
r
k
o
n
b
u
ck
i
n
g
(
s
tep
d
o
w
n
)
o
r
b
o
o
s
tin
g
(
s
tep
u
p
)
f
u
n
ctio
n
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
to
tr
ac
k
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
MP
P p
o
s
itio
n
o
n
s
o
lar
P
V
p
an
el
p
o
w
er
-
v
o
lta
g
e
cu
r
v
e
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Deta
iled
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
M
P
P
tack
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
b
ased
o
n
F
L
C
4.
CO
M
P
ARIT
I
VE
S
I
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
RE
S
UL
T
S AN
D
ANAL
YSI
S
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
v
ar
y
in
g
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
w
it
h
k
ee
p
in
g
f
u
zz
y
r
u
les
w
i
th
o
u
t
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
ar
iab
les
w
i
ll
b
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
b
y
o
t
h
er
d
esi
g
n
ed
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
s
at
t
h
e
r
u
les
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
ab
le
I
I
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
f
u
z
z
y
in
f
er
en
ce
r
u
le
s
w
h
ich
ar
e
u
s
ed
w
it
h
o
u
t
c
h
an
g
e
f
o
r
th
e
t
w
o
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
f
ir
s
t
d
esi
g
n
ed
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
s
ar
r
an
g
e
m
en
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
er
r
o
r
err
o
r
E
r
r
(
n
)
,
p
o
w
er
er
r
o
r
ch
an
g
e
Derr
o
r
Δ
E
r
r
(
n
)
,
d
u
t
y
c
y
c
le
ch
an
g
e
DD
o
r
Δ
D
(
n
)
,
s
u
r
f
ac
e
v
ie
w
o
f
all
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
s
,
a
n
d
lo
ad
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
e
FLC
is
ev
al
u
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
lo
ad
p
o
w
er
d
u
r
in
g
f
o
u
r
eq
u
al
ti
m
e
i
n
ter
v
a
ls
f
o
r
a
ce
r
tain
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
lev
el
(
1
0
0
0
,
6
0
0
,
8
0
0
,
1
0
0
0
)
W
/m
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
a
r
eg
u
lar
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
s
ar
r
an
g
e
m
en
t
f
o
r
th
e
s
a
m
e
v
ar
iab
les
an
d
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
s
eq
u
en
ce
w
h
er
ea
s
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
o
th
er
d
esig
n
ed
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
s
ar
r
a
n
g
e
m
e
n
t
tat
th
e
s
a
m
e
t
i
m
e
an
d
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
7
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
8
is
th
at
th
e
lev
el
s
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
lar
P
V
p
an
el
ar
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
t
w
o
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
i
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
p
o
w
er
le
v
el
o
f
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
is
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
an
o
f
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
.
I
n
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
th
e
F
L
C
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
e
m
b
e
r
s
h
ip
s
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
i
s
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t i
n
MP
PT
f
u
n
ctio
n
th
an
th
e
f
ir
s
t
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
is
ef
f
ec
t
p
o
s
itiv
e
l
y
o
n
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
b
y
u
n
eq
u
al
f
o
cu
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
o
f
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
f
o
c
u
s
i
n
g
ar
o
u
n
d
ze
r
o
er
r
o
r
p
o
s
itio
n
lead
s
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
FLC e
f
f
e
ctiv
e
n
ess
a
n
d
th
i
s
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
a
cc
u
r
ate
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
to
th
e
d
u
t
y
cy
c
le
D
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1
1
4
7
–
1
1
5
6
1152
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
F
u
z
z
y
Lo
g
ic
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
E
ffecti
ve
n
ess
E
va
lu
a
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
C
o
mp
a
r
a
tive
Memb
ers
h
ip
s
...
(
H
u
s
s
a
in
A
ttia
)
1
153
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
FLC s
tep
s
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t ir
r
ad
ian
ce
o
f
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
a
r
r
an
g
e
m
en
t
f
r
o
m
to
p
to
d
o
w
n
;
Me
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
er
r
o
r
er
r
(
n
)
,
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
er
r
o
r
ch
an
g
e
Der
r
(
n
)
,
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
ch
a
n
g
e
DD
(
n
)
,
s
u
r
f
ac
e
v
ie
w
o
f
all
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
s
,
an
d
L
o
ad
d
eliv
er
ed
p
o
w
er
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1
1
4
7
–
1
1
5
6
1154
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
F
L
C
s
tep
s
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
o
f
f
o
cu
s
ed
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
to
p
to
d
o
w
n
;
Me
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
er
r
o
r
er
r
(
n
)
,
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
c
tio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
er
r
o
r
ch
an
g
e
Der
r
(
n
)
,
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ct
io
n
o
f
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
ch
a
n
g
e
DD
(
n
)
,
s
u
r
f
ac
e
v
ie
w
o
f
all
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
s
,
an
d
L
o
ad
d
eliv
er
ed
p
o
w
er
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
u
zz
y
i
n
f
er
e
n
ce
r
u
le
s
No
If
T
h
e
n
1
(
e
r
r
i
s N
L
)
a
n
d
(
D
e
r
r
i
s NS
)
(
D
D
i
s Z
P
)
2
(
e
r
r
i
s N
L
)
a
n
d
(
D
e
r
r
i
s Z
P
)
(
D
D
i
s NS
)
3
(
e
r
r
i
s N
L
)
a
n
d
(
D
e
r
r
i
s PS
)
(
D
D
i
s PS
)
4
(
e
r
r
i
s NS
)
a
n
d
(
D
e
r
r
i
s NS
)
(
D
D
i
s Z
P
)
5
(
e
r
r
i
s NS
)
a
n
d
(
D
e
r
r
i
s Z
P
)
(
D
D
i
s Z
P
)
6
(
e
r
r
i
s NS
)
a
n
d
(
D
e
r
r
i
s PS
)
(
D
D
i
s PS
)
7
(
e
r
r
i
s Z
P
)
a
n
d
(
D
e
r
r
i
s NS
)
(
D
D
i
s NS
)
8
(
e
r
r
i
s Z
P
)
a
n
d
(
D
e
r
r
i
s Z
P
)
(
D
D
i
s Z
P
)
9
(
e
r
r
i
s Z
P
)
a
n
d
(
D
e
r
r
i
s PS
)
(
D
D
i
s PS
)
10
(
e
r
r
i
s PS
)
a
n
d
(
D
e
r
r
i
s NS
)
(
D
D
i
s NS
)
11
(
e
r
r
i
s PS
)
a
n
d
(
D
e
r
r
i
s Z
P
)
(
D
D
i
s Z
P
)
12
(
e
r
r
i
s PS
)
a
n
d
(
D
e
r
r
i
s PS
)
(
D
D
i
s Z
P
)
13
(
e
r
r
i
s P
L
)
a
n
d
(
D
e
r
r
i
s NS
)
(
D
D
i
s NS
)
14
(
e
r
r
i
s P
L
)
a
n
d
(
D
e
r
r
i
s Z
P
)
(
D
D
i
s PS
)
15
(
e
r
r
i
s P
L
)
a
n
d
(
D
e
r
r
i
s PS
)
(
D
D
i
s Z
P
)
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
f
ir
s
tl
y
f
o
cu
s
e
s
o
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
le
v
el
o
f
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
MP
PT
f
u
n
ctio
n
b
y
d
esi
g
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
s
et
i
n
F
u
zz
y
L
o
g
ic
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
.
Fu
zz
y
L
o
g
ic
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
w
a
s
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
h
ig
h
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
es
s
i
n
f
ast
an
d
s
o
lid
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
B
as
ed
o
n
th
e
m
en
tio
n
ed
m
er
its
o
f
F
L
C
,
t
h
is
p
ap
er
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
co
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
d
esi
g
n
an
d
s
i
m
u
l
ated
in
v
e
s
ti
g
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
F
L
C
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
es
s
ev
a
lu
at
io
n
f
o
r
MPPT
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
FLC
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
ess
i
s
ev
al
u
ate
d
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
s
m
o
d
i
f
icat
io
n
o
f
th
e
in
p
u
t
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
ar
iab
les
w
it
h
k
ee
p
in
g
o
t
h
er
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
f
i
x
ed
w
it
h
o
u
t c
h
a
n
g
e.
FLC d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
a
h
i
g
h
er
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
e
s
s
w
h
e
n
d
o
in
g
m
o
r
e
f
o
cu
s
i
n
g
to
th
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
s
ar
o
u
n
d
Z
er
o
er
r
o
r
p
o
s
itio
n
.
MA
T
L
A
B
/
Si
m
u
li
n
k
s
i
m
u
latio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
F
u
z
z
y
Lo
g
ic
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
E
ffecti
ve
n
ess
E
va
lu
a
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
C
o
mp
a
r
a
tive
Memb
ers
h
ip
s
...
(
H
u
s
s
a
in
A
ttia
)
1155
r
esu
lt
s
ar
e
r
e
f
lecti
n
g
h
ig
h
er
lo
ad
p
o
w
er
a
n
d
i
n
d
icati
n
g
cl
ea
r
in
g
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
u
n
eq
u
al
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
s
w
it
h
n
ar
r
o
w
s
h
ap
e
ar
o
u
n
d
ze
r
o
er
r
o
r
p
o
s
itio
n
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
ap
p
r
ec
iate
t
h
e
f
i
n
an
c
ial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
e
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Am
er
ica
n
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
o
f
R
as
A
l K
h
ai
m
ah
–
UA
E
,
www
.
au
r
a
k
.
ac
.
ae
/en
/
s
ch
o
o
l
-
of
-
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
/
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
H.
A
.
A
tt
ia,
T
.
K.
S
.
F
re
d
d
y
,
H.
S
.
Ch
e
,
W
.
P
.
He
w
,
A
.
El
Kh
a
teb
,
“
Co
n
f
in
e
d
Ba
n
d
V
a
riab
le
S
w
it
c
h
in
g
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
P
u
lse
W
id
th
M
o
d
u
latio
n
(CB
-
V
S
F
P
W
M
)
f
o
r
S
in
g
le
-
P
h
a
se
In
v
e
rter
w
it
h
L
C
L
F
il
ter”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
IE
EE
2
0
1
6
.
[2
]
M
.
A
.
Ra
z
z
a
k
,
W
.
T
.
Bh
u
i
y
a
n
,
N.
I.
Na
tas
h
a
,
A
.
K.
M
.
M
.
Isla
m
,
M
.
K.
M
.
Am
in
“
D
e
sig
n
o
f
a
G
rid
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
In
v
e
rter
w
it
h
M
a
x
im
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
i
n
t
T
ra
c
k
in
g
u
sin
g
P
e
rt
u
rb
a
n
d
O
b
se
rv
e
Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
”
,
IJPE
DS,
V
o
l.
7
,
No
.
4
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
2
1
2
~
1
2
2
0
[3
]
YI
A
l
-
M
a
sh
h
a
d
a
n
y
,
H
A
A
tt
ia,
“
No
v
e
l
De
si
g
n
a
n
d
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
P
o
rtab
le
Ch
a
rg
e
r
th
ro
u
g
h
L
o
w
-
P
o
w
e
r
P
V
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
m
”
,
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
M
a
teria
ls Res
e
a
rc
h
9
2
5
,
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
.
4
9
5
-
4
9
9
.
[4
]
Y.
I.
A
l
-
M
a
sh
h
a
d
a
n
y
,
Hu
ss
a
in
A
.
A
tt
ia,
“
Hig
h
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
f
o
r
Re
a
l
P
o
r
tab
le
Ch
a
rg
e
r
th
ro
u
g
h
L
o
w
-
P
o
w
e
r
P
V
S
y
st
e
m
,
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le an
d
G
re
e
n
En
e
rg
y
,
V
o
l
.
4
,
N
o
.
3
-
1
,
(2
0
1
5
),
p
p
.
1
4
-
1
8
.
[5
]
R.
A
p
a
rn
a
th
i,
V
.
V
.
Dw
iv
e
d
i,
“
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
in
t
T
ra
c
k
in
g
in
P
V
S
y
ste
m
w
it
h
In
d
u
str
y
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Driv
e
S
y
ste
m
(IJP
E
DS),
Vo
l.
3
,
No
.
4
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
3
,
p
p
.
4
1
7
~
4
2
3
[6
]
Hu
ss
a
in
A
.
A
tt
ia,
Be
z
a
N.
Ge
tu
,
Yo
u
sif
I.
A
l
-
M
a
sh
h
a
d
a
n
y
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
S
im
u
latio
n
o
f
Du
a
l
A
x
is
S
o
lar
T
ra
c
k
e
r
f
o
r
Op
ti
m
u
m
S
o
lar E
n
e
rg
y
A
b
so
rp
ti
o
n
”
,
EE
ECE
G
C2
0
1
3
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
1
1
-
1
3
,
2
0
1
3
,
D
u
b
a
i,
UA
E.
[7
]
A
tt
ia
H.
A
.
,
G
e
tu
B.
N.,
“
De
sig
n
&
S
im
u
latio
n
o
f
a
S
o
lar
T
ra
c
k
in
g
S
y
st
e
m
f
o
r
Op
ti
m
u
m
En
e
rg
y
A
b
so
rp
ti
o
n
,
”
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
T
h
e
r
m
a
l
&
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Vo
lu
m
e
8
,
No
.
1
(
2
0
1
4
)
1
7
-
2
4
.
[8
]
M
.
A
.
A
b
d
o
u
rra
z
iq
a
n
d
M
.
M
a
a
r
o
u
f
i,
“
Ex
p
e
rime
n
tal
V
e
rif
ica
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
M
a
in
M
P
P
T
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
fo
r
P
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
S
y
st
e
m
”
,
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
s
a
n
d
Driv
e
S
y
ste
m
s
(IJP
EDS
),
V
o
l
.
8
,
No
.
1
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
3
8
4
–
3
9
1
[9
]
Ha
d
e
e
d
A
h
m
e
d
S
h
e
r,
A
li
F
.
M
u
rtaz
a
,
A
b
d
u
ll
a
h
No
m
a
n
,
Kh
a
le
d
E.
A
d
d
o
w
e
e
sh
,
a
n
d
M
a
rc
e
ll
o
Ch
iab
e
rg
e
,
“
A
n
in
telli
g
e
n
t
c
o
n
tro
l
stra
teg
y
o
f
fra
c
ti
o
n
a
l
sh
o
rt
c
ircu
it
c
u
rre
n
t
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
in
t
trac
k
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s”
,
JRSE
,
7
,
,
0
1
3
1
1
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
0
]
T
il
a
k
T
h
a
k
u
r,
Ku
ld
e
e
p
S
in
g
h
b
e
d
i,
“
Da
ta
B
a
se
d
M
P
P
T
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
P
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
S
y
ste
m
”
,
I
n
d
ia
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
(IND
ICON
),
IEE
E
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
:
1
6
-
1
8
De
c
.
2
0
1
1
,
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
,
In
d
ia.
[1
1
]
S
.
Ha
ss
a
n
,
B.
A
b
d
e
lm
a
ji
d
,
Z.
M
o
u
ra
d
,
S
.
A
ich
a
,
B.
A
b
d
e
n
a
c
e
u
r,
“
A
n
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
M
P
P
T
Ba
se
d
o
n
A
rti
f
icia
l
Be
e
Co
lo
n
y
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
M
P
P
T
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
S
y
ste
m
u
n
d
e
r
P
a
rti
a
l
S
h
a
d
in
g
Co
n
d
it
i
o
n
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Driv
e
S
y
ste
m
(IJ
P
ED
S
),
V
o
l.
8
,
No
.
2
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
6
4
7
~
6
5
3
[1
2
]
Hu
ss
a
in
A
.
A
tt
ia,
Y.
I.
A
l
-
M
a
sh
h
a
d
a
n
y
,
Be
z
a
N.
Ge
tu
,
“
De
si
g
n
a
n
d
S
im
u
latio
n
o
f
a
Hig
h
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
S
tan
d
a
lo
n
e
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
S
y
ste
m
,
”
ICRE
GA
’
1
4
–
Re
n
e
w
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
:
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r
P
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
i
n
En
e
rg
y
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
6
8
3
-
6
9
7
.
[1
3
]
B.
N.
A
l
a
j
m
i,
K.
H.
A
h
m
e
d
,
S
.
J.
F
in
n
e
y
,
a
n
d
B.
W
.
W
il
li
a
m
s,
“
F
u
z
z
y
-
L
o
g
i
c
-
Co
n
tro
l
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
o
f
a
M
o
d
if
ied
Hill
-
Cli
m
b
in
g
M
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
M
a
x
im
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
i
n
t
in
M
icro
g
rid
S
ta
n
d
a
lo
n
e
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
S
y
ste
m
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
t.
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
A
p
r.
2
0
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
2
2
-
1
0
3
0
.
[1
4
]
A
h
m
a
d
El
Kh
a
teb
,
Na
sru
d
in
A
b
d
Ra
h
im
,
Je
y
r
a
j
S
e
lv
a
ra
j,
a
n
d
M
.
Na
sir
Ud
d
in
,
“
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
ic
Co
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
Ba
se
d
S
E
P
IC
Co
n
v
e
rter f
o
r
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
i
n
t
T
ra
c
k
in
g
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
in
d
.
A
p
p
l.
,
v
o
l.
p
p
.
n
o
.
9
9
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
4
.
[1
5
]
A
.
H.
El
Kh
a
teb
a
,
N
.
A
b
d
Ra
h
im
a
,
J
.
S
e
lv
a
ra
ja,
“
F
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
c
o
n
tro
l
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
o
f
a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
in
t
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
S
EP
IC
c
o
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
sta
n
d
a
lo
n
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
sy
ste
m
”
,
3
rd
In
t.
C
o
n
f
.
o
n
S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
le
F
u
tu
re
f
o
r
Hu
m
a
n
S
e
c
u
rit
y
S
UST
A
IN 2
0
1
2
,
P
ro
c
e
d
i
a
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
S
c
ien
c
e
s 1
7
,
2
0
1
3
,
p
p
.
5
2
9
–
53
6
[1
6
]
R.
S
a
m
u
e
l
Ra
jes
h
Ba
b
u
,
“
A
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
In
teg
r
a
te
d
Bo
o
st
F
ly
b
a
c
k
Co
n
v
e
rteru
sin
g
P
ID
a
n
d
F
u
z
z
y
Co
n
tr
o
ll
e
r”
,
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Driv
e
S
y
st
e
m
(IJP
EDS
),
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
4
,
A
p
ril
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
.
4
8
6
~
5
0
1
.
[1
7
]
S
u
b
iy
a
n
to
,
A
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
,
M
A
H
a
n
n
a
n
,
“
M
a
x
im
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
in
t
T
ra
c
k
in
g
in
G
rid
Co
n
n
e
c
ted
P
V
S
y
st
e
m
Us
in
g
A
No
v
e
l
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
ic Co
n
tro
ll
e
r”
,
P
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
S
CORe
D 2
0
0
9
,
1
6
-
1
8
N
o
v
.
2
0
0
9
,
U
P
M
S
e
rd
a
n
g
,
M
a
la
y
sia
.
[1
8
]
HA
A
tt
ia,
H
W
P
in
g
,
Y
A
l
-
M
a
s
h
h
a
d
a
n
y
,
“
De
si
g
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
sis
fo
r
h
ig
h
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
ize
d
in
v
e
rter
w
it
h
P
W
M
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
tro
l”,
Clea
n
E
n
e
rg
y
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(CE
AT
),
2
0
1
3
IEE
E
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
2
6
5
-
2
7
0
.
[1
9
]
Hu
ss
a
in
A
tt
ia,
Am
jad
O
m
a
r,
M
a
e
n
T
a
k
ru
ri,
Ha
lah
Y.
A
li
,
“
P
u
l
se
W
id
th
M
o
d
u
latio
n
Ba
se
d
De
c
e
n
tralize
d
S
tree
t
L
ED
L
ig
h
t”,
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Driv
e
S
y
st
e
m
(IJP
EDS
),
V
o
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
2
3
8
~
1
2
4
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1
1
4
7
–
1
1
5
6
1156
[2
0
]
A
tt
ia
Hu
ss
a
in
,
S
a
g
a
f
in
ia
A
li
,
“
No
v
e
l
Disc
re
te
Co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
Ba
se
d
S
p
e
e
d
Co
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
f
o
r
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
t
o
r”
,
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Driv
e
S
y
ste
m
s (IJP
EDS
),
V
o
l
.
7
,
Iss
.
4
,
(2
0
1
6
).
[2
1
]
Hu
ss
a
in
A
A
tt
ia,
Am
j
a
d
O
m
a
r,
M
a
e
n
T
a
k
ru
ri,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
d
e
c
e
n
tralize
d
stre
e
t
L
ED
li
g
h
t
d
i
m
m
in
g
s
y
ste
m
”
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ic De
v
ice
s,
S
y
st
e
m
s a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s (ICE
DSA
),
2
0
1
6
5
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
IEE
E
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
2
]
Da
n
iel
W
.
Ha
rt,
“
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
i
c
s”
,
P
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
b
y
M
c
G
ra
w
-
Hill
,
Ne
w
Yo
rk
,
NY
1
0
0
2
0
,
IS
BN
9
7
8
-
0
-
07
-
3
3
8
0
6
7
-
4
,
2
0
1
1
,
w
ww
.
m
h
h
e
.
c
o
m
[2
3
]
M
.
Ku
m
a
r,
S
.
R.
K
a
p
o
o
r,
R.
Na
g
a
r,
A
.
V
e
rm
a
,
“
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
b
e
twe
e
n
IC
a
n
d
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
ic
M
P
P
T
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
Ba
s
e
d
S
o
lar
P
V
S
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
Bo
o
st Co
n
v
e
rter”
,
IJ
A
REE
IE,
Vo
l.
4
,
Iss
.
6
,
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
.
4
9
2
7
-
4
9
3
9
.
[2
4
]
R.
Ra
h
m
a
n
i,
M
.
S
e
y
e
d
m
a
h
m
o
u
d
ian
,
S
.
M
e
k
h
il
e
f
a
n
d
R.
Y
u
so
f
,
“
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
f
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
in
t
T
ra
c
k
in
g
Co
n
tro
ll
e
r
f
o
r
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic S
y
ste
m
”
,
A
J
A
S
,
1
0
(3
),
2
0
1
3
,
p
p
.
2
0
9
-
2
1
8
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
Y
O
F
AUTHO
R
Hu
ss
a
in
A
tt
ia
e
a
rn
e
d
h
is
M
.
S
c
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tro
n
ic
e
n
g
in
e
e
r
in
g
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
B
a
g
h
d
a
d
,
in
1
9
9
9
.
He
e
a
rn
e
d
h
is
B.
S
c
.
in
e
lec
tro
n
ic
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
sa
m
e
u
n
iv
e
rsit
y
in
1
9
9
1
.
M
.
S
c
.
Hu
ss
a
in
’s
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts:
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tr
o
n
ics
S
y
ste
m
,
A
C
&
DC
S
p
e
e
d
Co
n
tr
o
l
Driv
e
s,
A
n
a
lo
g
&
Dig
it
a
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
Circu
it
s
De
sig
n
,
P
W
M
I
n
v
e
rters
(sin
g
le p
h
a
se
&
th
re
e
p
h
a
se
s).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.