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co
n
v
er
ter
ce
lls
h
av
e
m
o
d
u
lar
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
an
d
h
ig
h
er
p
o
w
er
h
a
n
d
li
n
g
ca
p
ab
i
lit
y
,
b
u
t
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
s
w
it
ch
es
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
ec
o
m
e
s
h
i
g
h
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
ir
m
aj
o
r
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
s
ar
e
h
ar
d
-
s
w
itc
h
ed
d
ev
ices
an
d
h
ig
h
cu
r
r
en
t
p
u
ls
e
ar
is
e
s
s
in
ce
t
w
o
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
w
it
h
d
is
s
i
m
ilar
v
o
ltag
e
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
p
ar
a
llel
at
ev
er
y
s
w
i
tch
in
g
i
n
s
ta
n
t
.
A
m
aj
o
r
s
h
o
r
tco
m
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
ed
ca
p
ac
ito
r
-
b
ased
co
n
v
er
ter
i
s
E
S
R
d
r
o
p
o
f
t
h
e
ac
ti
v
e
a
n
d
p
as
s
iv
e
d
ev
i
ce
s
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
d
u
e
to
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
er
ies
co
n
n
ec
ted
d
ev
ice
s
i
n
t
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
p
ath
ca
u
s
in
g
r
ed
u
c
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
.
T
h
is
l
i
m
it
s
th
e
p
o
w
er
lev
el
to
w
h
ic
h
th
e
s
w
itc
h
ed
ca
p
ac
ito
r
co
n
v
er
ter
ca
n
b
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
.
T
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
ab
o
v
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
s
,
a
n
o
n
-
is
o
lated
b
id
ir
ec
ti
o
n
al
co
n
v
er
ter
w
it
h
h
ig
h
-
v
o
lt
ag
e
g
ain
th
at
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
h
ig
h
p
o
w
er
lev
el
h
as
s
eld
o
m
b
ee
n
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
.
In
o
r
d
er
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
th
e
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
a
l
co
n
v
er
ter
s
w
i
th
s
o
f
t
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
es,
a
n
au
x
iliar
y
cir
c
u
it
i
n
b
o
th
f
o
r
w
ar
d
an
d
r
ev
er
s
e
m
o
d
es
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
to
r
ea
lize
Z
er
o
Vo
ltag
e
S
w
i
t
ch
in
g
(
Z
V
S)
o
r
Z
er
o
C
u
r
r
en
t
S
w
itc
h
in
g
(
Z
C
S)
o
f
th
e
s
w
i
tch
e
s
[
2
2
-
2
4
]
is
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
-
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
d
c
–
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
a
p
o
w
er
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
te
m
to
p
o
lo
g
y
i
s
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
[
2
5
]
,
w
h
ich
ca
n
b
o
o
s
t
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
an
e
n
er
g
y
-
s
to
r
ag
e
m
o
d
u
le
to
a
h
ig
h
-
v
o
lta
g
e
s
id
e
d
c
b
u
s
f
o
r
a
g
iv
e
n
lo
ad
d
e
m
an
d
.
W
h
e
n
th
e
r
e
is
e
x
ce
s
s
en
er
g
y
in
h
i
g
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
-
s
id
e
d
c
b
u
s
,
th
i
s
en
er
g
y
-
s
to
r
ag
e
m
o
d
u
le
ca
n
b
e
ch
ar
g
ed
b
y
th
e
d
c
b
u
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
o
n
e
m
aj
o
r
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
th
i
s
m
o
d
u
le
is
t
h
at
th
e
an
al
y
s
is
i
s
d
if
f
ic
u
lt,
also
it
m
a
k
es t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
b
u
lk
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
e
m
p
lo
y
s
a
h
al
f
-
b
r
id
g
e
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
t
er
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
a
n
L
C
C
r
eso
n
a
n
t c
ir
c
u
it
an
d
a
v
o
lta
g
e
d
o
u
b
ler
cir
cu
i
t
.
I
t
is
o
p
er
ated
at
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
f
o
r
th
e
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
o
f
lo
w
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
r
ip
p
le
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
m
a
g
n
etics.
Z
er
o
v
o
ltag
e
t
u
r
n
-
o
n
a
n
d
Z
er
o
cu
r
r
en
t
tu
r
n
-
o
n
/
tu
r
n
-
o
f
f
i
s
ac
h
ie
v
ed
f
o
r
all
s
w
itch
e
s
an
d
d
io
d
es.
V
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
ac
r
o
s
s
s
w
itc
h
es
is
le
s
s
a
n
d
clam
p
ed
n
atu
r
all
y
w
it
h
o
u
t
ex
ter
n
al
s
n
u
b
b
er
cir
cu
it.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
i
t
s
u
p
p
le
m
e
n
ts
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
h
alf
b
r
id
g
e
b
o
o
s
t
g
i
v
i
n
g
a
h
i
g
h
v
o
lta
g
e
g
ain
an
d
s
o
f
t
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
es
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
r
an
g
e.
Fig
ur
e
1
.
A
t
y
p
ica
l M
icr
o
-
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
T
h
e
p
ap
er
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
as
f
o
ll
o
w
s
:
Sectio
n
1
ex
p
lo
r
es c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
co
n
v
er
ter
w
i
th
i
ts
m
er
its
an
d
d
e
m
er
it
s
.
Sectio
n
2
g
i
v
e
s
a
n
o
v
er
v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
ev
al
u
atio
n
s
to
d
esig
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
an
d
d
es
cr
ib
es
its
wo
r
k
in
g
in
d
etail.
Sectio
n
3
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
i
n
s
ig
h
t
i
n
to
th
e
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
,
its
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
es
u
lt
s
an
d
Sec
tio
n
4
elu
cid
ates
t
h
e
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
co
n
clu
s
io
n
i
n
Sectio
n
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
1
5
4
8
–
1
5
6
1
1550
2.
B
I
DIRE
CT
I
O
NAL D
C/DC
CO
NVER
T
E
R
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
h
as b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
(
h
alf
-
b
r
id
g
e)
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
a
L
C
C
r
eso
n
an
t
cir
c
u
it.
T
h
is
L
C
C
c
o
m
b
i
n
atio
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
ai
n
f
r
o
m
h
al
f
-
b
r
id
g
e
b
o
o
s
t
an
d
ac
h
iev
e
s
r
eso
n
an
ce
w
h
e
n
o
p
er
ated
at
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
h
i
g
h
g
ai
n
is
o
b
tai
n
ed
w
it
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
I
n
b
o
o
s
t
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
s
w
itc
h
es
S
1
,
S
2
co
n
d
u
cts
an
d
th
e
b
o
d
y
d
io
d
e
o
f
S
3
,
S
4
o
p
er
ates.
T
h
e
d
c
v
o
ltag
e
at
lo
w
s
id
e
is
co
n
v
er
ted
to
p
u
ls
e
d
ac
at
A
B
.
T
h
is
p
u
l
s
ed
v
o
ltag
e
o
u
tp
u
t
at
A
B
is
co
n
v
er
ted
to
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
ac
at
PQ
b
y
t
h
e
L
C
C
r
eso
n
an
t
ta
n
k
.
T
h
is
i
s
f
ed
t
o
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
d
o
u
b
ler
c
u
m
r
ec
tif
ier
w
h
ic
h
g
i
v
es
a
DC
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
at
h
i
g
h
s
i
d
e.
I
n
b
u
ck
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
s
w
i
tch
e
s
S
3
,
S
4
a
n
d
t
h
e
b
o
d
y
d
io
d
e
s
o
f
S
1,
S
2
o
p
er
ates.
T
h
e
d
c
v
o
ltag
e
at
h
i
g
h
s
id
e
is
co
n
v
er
ted
to
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
ac
at
PQ
.
T
h
is
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
v
o
lta
g
e
o
u
tp
u
t
at
P
Q
is
co
n
v
er
ted
to
p
u
ls
ed
ac
at
A
B
b
y
t
h
e
L
C
C
r
eso
n
a
n
t ta
n
k
w
h
ich
f
u
r
t
h
er
g
i
v
e
s
a
g
ai
n
o
f
0
.
3
9
.
T
h
is
is
a
g
ai
n
f
ed
to
th
e
r
ec
ti
f
ier
w
h
ic
h
g
i
v
e
s
a
DC
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
at
t
h
e
l
o
w
s
id
e.
T
h
e
s
w
itc
h
es
S
1
an
d
S
2
r
ea
lize
Z
VS
a
n
d
d
ev
ices
D
S3
a
n
d
D
S4
ac
h
ie
v
es
Z
C
S.
L
C
C
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
is
f
o
l
lo
w
ed
b
y
v
o
ltag
e
d
o
u
b
ler
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
g
ain
o
f
t
w
o
ti
m
e
s
i
n
b
u
c
k
o
p
er
atio
n
,
th
e
h
i
g
h
er
v
o
lta
g
e
i
s
d
i
v
id
ed
to
h
al
f
an
d
f
u
r
t
h
er
s
tep
p
ed
d
o
w
n
b
y
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
es
S
3
a
n
d
S
4
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
L
C
C
co
m
b
in
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es Z
C
S f
o
r
d
io
d
es D
S1
a
n
d
D
S2
an
d
Z
VS
f
o
r
s
w
itch
e
s
S
3
an
d
S
4
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
B
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
d
c/d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
2
.
1
.
B
o
o
s
t
M
o
de
O
pera
t
io
n
T
h
e
s
w
itc
h
es
S
1
an
d
S
2
ar
e
ON
an
d
S
3
an
d
S
4
ar
e
OF
F
.
I
n
te
r
v
al
-
1
as
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4a
(
t
0
<
t
<
t
1
):
A
t
ti
m
e
0
t
t
,s
w
itc
h
es
S
1
a
n
d
S
2
ar
e
O
FF
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
in
d
u
c
to
r
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
t
h
e
r
es
o
n
an
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
tar
ts
d
is
c
h
ar
g
in
g
t
h
e
p
ar
asit
ic
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
S1
an
d
c
h
ar
g
e
s
C
S
2.
P
o
w
er
is
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
C
3
an
d
C
4
.
A
t
t
1
th
e
p
ar
asit
ic
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
S1
is
d
is
ch
ar
g
ed
an
d
C
S
2
is
ch
ar
g
e
d
im
m
ed
iatel
y
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
e
s
,
0
1
1
t
i
S
,
0
1
1
t
V
S
an
d
d
V
t
V
L
o
w
M
1
1
2
---
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
S
ON
T
T
d
;
ON
T
=
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
ti
m
e
o
f
th
e
m
ai
n
s
w
itc
h
an
d
S
T
=
s
witch
i
n
g
ti
m
e
p
er
io
d
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
i
n
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
b
o
o
s
t in
d
u
cto
r
LB
i
an
d
th
e
s
w
itc
h
S
1
cu
r
r
en
t
1
S
i
ar
e
s
a
m
e
.
i
.
e
.
CB
B
B
L
o
w
V
C
i
L
V
1
-
-
-
-
(
2
)
0
2
2
1
1
P
P
Cr
r
L
C
V
C
V
C
i
L
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
---
(
3
)
W
h
er
e
2
P
C
is
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
a
ll th
e
o
th
er
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
B
id
ir
ec
tio
n
a
l R
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a
n
t D
C
-
D
C
C
o
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ve
r
ter fo
r
Micr
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g
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id
A
p
p
lica
tio
n
(
Ja
is
u
d
h
a
S.
)
1551
0
4
4
2
4
2
4
DS
Cr
DS
r
C
r
C
i
R
V
V
C
V
V
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(
4)
I
n
ter
v
a
l
-
2
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
4b
(
t
1
<
t
<
t
2
):
At
1
t
t
,
th
e
p
ar
asit
i
c
ca
p
ac
ito
r
1
S
C
g
ets
d
is
c
h
ar
g
ed
co
m
p
lete
l
y
an
d
2
S
C
g
et
s
c
h
ar
g
ed
co
m
p
lete
l
y
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
a
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
c
to
r
cu
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
d
i
s
ch
ar
g
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
ti
p
ar
allel
d
io
d
e
1
S
D
ca
u
s
i
n
g
ze
r
o
v
o
lt
ag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
S
1
.
At
1
t
t
,
4
S
D
is
f
o
r
w
ar
d
b
iased
.
1
L
an
d
1
r
C
s
tar
t
to
ch
ar
g
e
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
,
wh
ile
3
C
an
d
4
C
s
u
p
p
l
y
p
o
w
er
to
th
e
lo
ad
.
Fin
al
v
al
u
e
s
ar
e
,
0
2
1
t
i
S
0
2
2
t
i
S
;
d
L
ow
V
t
S
V
1
2
2
;
0
2
2
t
V
S
.
2
1
2
2
1
t
i
t
i
t
i
L
LB
Ds
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(
5
)
0
1
1
1
1
2
C
LB
L
S
B
B
L
o
w
C
V
i
i
R
D
Δi
L
V
V
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(
6
)
I
n
ter
v
al
-
3
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4c
(
t
2
<
t
<
t
3
)
:
A
t
,
2
t
t
s
w
i
tch
S
1
is
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
u
s
in
g
Z
VS
,
LB
i
s
tar
ts
d
ec
r
ea
s
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
i
n
d
u
ct
o
r
B
L
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
lin
ea
r
l
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
w
i
tch
S
1
,
ca
p
ac
ito
r
3
S
C
,
r
eso
n
an
t
i
n
d
u
c
to
r
1
L
an
d
r
eso
n
an
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
1
r
C
.
T
h
e
d
io
d
e
4
S
D
s
till
co
n
d
u
cts
to
ch
ar
g
e
C
4
an
d
3
S
D
is
r
ev
er
s
ed
b
iased
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t a
n
d
v
o
lta
g
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
as
t
i
t
i
t
i
LB
L
S
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(
7
)
0
2
1
Cr
Cr
LB
B
L
o
w
V
V
i
L
V
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
(
8
)
I
n
ter
v
al
-
4
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
d
(
t
3
<
t
<
t
4
)
:
A
t
t
h
i
s
in
t
er
v
al
S
1
i
s
s
ti
ll
i
n
ON
s
tate.
T
h
e
an
ti
-
p
ar
allel
d
io
d
es
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
id
e
ar
e
r
ev
er
s
e
b
iased
.
L
o
ad
r
ec
eiv
es
th
e
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
3
C
an
d
.
4
C
At
4
t
t
s
w
itch
S
1
is
t
u
r
n
ed
OF
F.
Her
e
,
0
3
DS
V
,
0
4
S
V
d
V
V
L
o
w
S
1
2
;
1
S
i
=
LB
i
;
B
Cr
Cr
LB
LB
LB
L
V
V
V
t
t
i
i
2
1
3
(
9
)
1
2
1
3
1
L
V
V
t
i
Cr
Cr
L
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(
1
0
)
I
n
ter
v
al
-
5
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4e
(
t
4
<
t
<
t
5
)
:
S
w
i
tch
e
s
S
1
an
d
S
2
ar
e
tu
r
n
ed
OF
F.
P
ar
asit
ic
ca
p
ac
ito
r
1
S
C
g
et
s
c
h
ar
g
ed
co
m
p
letel
y
m
ea
n
w
h
ile
2
S
C
g
ets
d
i
s
ch
a
r
g
ed
.
No
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
s
to
t
h
e
lo
ad
f
r
o
m
in
p
u
t
to
lo
ad
en
d
as
d
io
d
es
ar
e
n
o
t
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
.
So
lo
ad
is
p
o
w
er
ed
b
y
3
C
an
d
.
4
C
A
t
th
is
ti
m
e
2
S
C
g
ets
d
is
ch
ar
g
ed
an
d
1
S
C
g
ets ch
ar
g
ed
to
D
H
i
g
h
V
1
.
2
/
2
/
H
i
g
h
H
i
g
h
H
i
g
h
V
V
V
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(
1
1
)
0
2
/
2
3
2
2
1
H
i
g
h
Cr
S
Cr
V
V
D
Δ
i
L
L
V
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(
1
2
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
1
5
4
8
–
1
5
6
1
1552
I
n
ter
v
al
-
6
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
f
(
t
5
<
t
<t
6
):
An
t
i
p
ar
all
el
d
io
d
e
2
s
D
s
tar
ts
co
n
d
u
c
tin
g
b
y
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
o
f
1
L
i
an
d
LB
i
w
h
er
e
S
2
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
w
it
h
g
ati
n
g
p
u
ls
e
f
o
r
Z
VS
tu
r
n
-
on
.
An
tip
ar
allel
d
io
d
es
in
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t sid
e
ar
e
r
ev
er
s
e
b
iased
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
,
0
6
1
t
i
S
0
6
2
t
i
S
,
d
V
t
V
L
o
w
S
1
6
2
,
.
0
6
2
t
V
S
6
1
6
6
2
t
i
t
i
t
i
L
LB
DS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(
1
3
)
0
1
2
2
LB
L
S
B
B
L
o
w
i
i
R
D
Δi
L
V
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(
1
4
)
I
n
ter
v
al
-
7
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4g
(
t
6
<
t
<
t
7
)
:
A
t
2
t
t
s
w
itc
h
S
2
is
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
u
s
in
g
Z
VS
,
B
L
s
tar
ts
c
h
ar
g
i
n
g
.
I
n
d
u
cto
r
,
1
L
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
1
r
C
an
d
4
S
C
r
eso
n
a
t
e
s
i
m
u
l
ta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
.
T
h
e
d
io
d
e
3
S
D
is
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
b
iased
an
d
co
n
d
u
cts t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
is
i
n
ter
v
al
.
A
t
7
t
t
,
3
S
D
tu
r
n
s
o
f
f
.
6
6
t
t
L
V
t
i
t
i
B
LB
LB
LB
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(
1
5
)
r
Cr
Cr
L
Z
t
V
t
V
i
6
2
6
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
W
h
er
e
2
1
2
1
1
r
r
r
r
r
C
C
C
C
L
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(
1
6
)
I
n
ter
v
al
-
8
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
4
h
(
t
7
<
t
<
t
8
):
A
ll
o
u
tp
u
t
d
i
o
d
es
ar
e
r
ev
er
s
e
b
ia
s
ed
an
d
p
o
w
er
i
s
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
to
lo
ad
b
y
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
3
C
an
d
.
4
C
S
w
itc
h
S
2
is
O
N
a
n
d
in
d
u
cto
r
B
L
s
to
r
es
en
er
g
y
in
i
t
.
A
t
,
8
t
t
S
2
is
t
u
r
n
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I
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PEDS
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N:
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a)
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ig
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e
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t
2
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h
e
n
t
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s
w
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h
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3
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s
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h
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t c
ir
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t
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h
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p
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3
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t
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y
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n
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ter
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ter
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4
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g
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3
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4
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t
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ter
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g
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m
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4
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d
V
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n
ter
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ated
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t
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n
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n
b
y
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.
T
h
e
an
ti
-
p
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allel
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te
r
v
al
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o
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t
=
t
5
s
w
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S
4
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t
u
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ed
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ze
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it
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i
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iv
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r
o
u
g
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s
w
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1
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at
s
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ter
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ch
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5
.
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t
=
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6
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f
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r
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t
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ter
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s
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g
t
6
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t
<
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):
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an
t
i
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1
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2
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w
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4
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th
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t
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4
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(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
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(
e)
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f
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h
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Fig
u
r
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4
.
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q
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t c
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if
f
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en
t
m
o
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f
b
o
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s
t
o
p
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n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
B
id
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Micr
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p
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d
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.
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q
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