In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
3, S
ep 2019,
pp.
1
3
0
8
~1
3
1
6
ISSN: 2088-
8694,
DOI
:
10.11591
/ijpeds.
v10.
i
3.pp1308-1316
1308
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
Energy efficien
cy enhanceme
nt using dynamic voltage
restorer (DVR)
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
Mu
r
t
a
d
ha
O
t
h
ma
n
1
, Nik
Mu
h
amad
Lok
man
Fah
m
i
Ne
k
R
a
k
a
mi
2
,
Z
u
l
k
i
f
fli A
b
dul
Hamid
3
,
Ism
a
il M
u
sirin
4
, Mohamm
a
d Lutfi Oth
man
5
1
,
2,
3,
4
F
acul
t
y
of Elect
rical
En
g
ineerin
g,
U
n
i
vers
iti T
e
kn
olo
g
i
M
A
RA
,
M
alay
s
i
a
5
Cen
t
re f
o
r
A
d
v
anced
P
ow
er and
En
e
rgy
Research an
d
D
epart
m
e
n
t
o
f
E
lectri
cal an
d
E
lect
ron
i
cs Eng
in
eering,
U
n
i
v
ersiti
P
ut
ra
M
alay
si
a, M
alaysi
a
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
Re
ce
i
v
e
d
Ju
l
2
7,
201
8
Re
vise
d Jan
1
2
, 2019
Ac
ce
p
t
ed
M
ar 1
5
,
2
019
Dy
nam
i
c
v
o
ltag
e
r
es
to
rer
(D
VR)
is
a
d
evi
ce
th
a
t
can
c
o
m
p
e
ns
ate
ha
rmon
ic
,
vo
lt
age
s
a
g
an
d
v
o
lt
age
s
w
e
l
l
co
nd
iti
o
n
th
at
e
xists
in
a
t
h
r
ee-
ph
as
e
sy
s
t
em
.
O
t
h
e
r
t
h
a
n
t
h
a
t
,
D
V
R
c
a
n
a
l
s
o
b
e
u
s
e
d
t
o
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
t
h
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y
or
energ
y
s
avi
n
g
by
r
edu
c
in
g
ex
ce
ss
ive
am
ount
o
f
i
n
co
min
g
p
ower
v
i
a
th
e
redu
cti
on
i
n
co
mi
ng
v
o
l
tag
e
a
t
al
lo
wab
l
e
li
mit.
T
he
D
V
R
can
i
n
j
e
ct
t
h
e
requ
ired
v
ol
tage
i
n
t
h
e
sy
st
em
s
o
t
h
at
t
he
i
nterru
pt
ion
o
f
s
u
p
p
ly
voltage
c
a
n
be
c
om
pen
s
at
e
d
.
The
com
p
en
sat
i
o
n
o
f
v
o
ltage
su
ppl
y
in
terrup
t
i
o
n
i
s
im
p
r
oved
bas
e
d
on
t
he
h
yst
e
resi
s
volt
a
ge
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
c
on
troller
u
sed
i
n
t
he
DV
R
to
d
etect
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
e
ren
c
e
b
e
t
w
een
r
ef
er
ence
v
ol
tage
a
nd
di
sr
up
ted
vo
lt
age.
T
he
h
y
s
t
e
resis
v
o
l
t
ag
e
con
t
ro
l
m
a
i
n
l
y
c
on
trolled
b
y
r
e
l
a
ys
s
wi
tch
i
ng
so
t
hat
t
h
e
si
gnal
can
b
e
sen
t
t
o
IG
BT
s
w
i
tch
e
s
con
t
ro
ller.
T
h
e
h
y
s
t
e
r
e
s
i
s
vo
lt
age
co
nt
rol
a
n
d
u
n
ip
ol
ar
SPWM
is
s
u
pplied
t
o
c
o
n
t
r
ol
t
h
e
I
G
BT
s
w
itches
by
t
h
e
D
C
suppl
y
f
o
r
volt
a
ge
i
nt
erru
p
t
io
n
c
o
m
p
en
sati
on
.
The
u
n
i
pol
ar
S
P
WM
t
ech
niq
u
e
co
nve
rt
s
th
e
D
C
s
u
ppl
y
vo
lt
ag
e
in
to
A
C
sup
p
l
i
ed
vol
tag
e
,
th
us
m
a
k
in
g
t
h
e
D
V
R
in
jection
beco
m
e
eas
ier
t
o
i
nject
t
h
e
A
C
vo
lt
age
into
th
e sy
s
t
em to
co
m
p
ensat
e
volt
a
g
e
s
ag an
d
v
oltag
e
sw
e
ll
.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
D
ynam
i
c
vol
ta
ge
re
s
tore
r
(DVR)
Energ
y
e
ff
ic
ie
ncy
H
a
r
m
onic
H
y
stere
s
is V
ol
tage
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
Vo
lt
ag
e
Sag
Vol
t
a
g
e
Swell
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Mu
ham
m
a
d
M
urta
dha
O
t
h
ma
n,
Fa
cult
y
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
rica
l
En
gine
erin
g,
Un
iv
e
r
sit
i
Tekn
o
lo
gi
M
A
R
A,
4
045
0
Sh
ah
Ala
m,
S
el
a
n
go
r,
M
al
a
y
si
a
.
Em
ail:
ma
ma
t
505m
y
@
yah
o
o
.c
om
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
I
d
eal
ly,
e
l
ectr
i
cit
y
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
pro
v
i
d
e
d
e
ffic
i
e
n
tl
y
a
nd
wi
th
ou
t
a
ny
i
nt
e
r
rup
t
io
ns
r
equ
i
red
o
r
d
e
s
i
r
ed
by
u
t
i
l
itie
s
a
n
d
use
r
s.
W
i
t
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
sm
o
o
t
h
c
ont
in
u
ity
o
f
e
l
ec
t
r
i
c
it
y
s
u
p
p
l
y
,
t
h
e
c
ons
um
ers
ma
y
n
o
t
re
c
e
ive
the
i
r
p
o
w
e
r
de
m
a
nds
e
f
f
icie
n
tly
[
1-5].
H
o
w
e
ve
r,
t
he
u
ti
lit
ies
m
ay
f
in
d
i
t
d
iffic
u
l
t
t
o
p
r
ovide
a
c
le
a
n
a
n
d
con
t
in
uou
s
e
l
e
c
t
ric
s
upp
l
y
d
ue
t
o
t
h
e
pre
s
e
n
ce
of
h
a
r
mo
nic
d
i
s
t
or
tio
n,
v
o
l
tage
s
a
g
a
n
d
v
o
lta
ge
s
w
e
l
l
.
The
incre
a
s
i
ng
usa
g
e
o
f
n
o
n
l
i
ne
a
r
l
oad
s
i
n
t
h
e
in
d
u
str
y
o
fte
n
m
aki
n
g
t
h
e
ha
rmon
ic
d
ist
o
rt
io
n
le
ve
l
b
ecom
e
s
crit
ica
l
[
6-1
0
].
C
onse
q
uen
t
ly, th
i
s w
i
ll i
n
t
r
o
duc
e
i
n
e
f
fic
i
e
n
t
ener
gy
cons
um
pti
on t
o
t
he
co
n
sum
e
rs.
I
n
a
d
d
i
t
i
on,
e
l
ectric
i
t
y
p
lay
s
a
n
i
m
por
tan
t
r
ol
e
i
n
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
ivi
t
y
fro
m
ma
ny
i
ndu
st
ri
ali
zed
c
o
unt
ri
es.
There
f
ore
,
t
he
u
sa
ge
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
e
l
ectro
n
i
c
c
o
m
pone
n
t
s
use
d
t
o
c
o
n
tro
l
t
h
e
n
o
n
-l
i
n
ear
l
oa
d
i
n
t
he
i
n
dus
tri
a
liz
e
d
cou
n
t
ries
w
ill
a
ls
o
be
i
nc
re
a
s
ed.
H
o
w
e
ve
r,
t
he
se
c
om
pone
n
t
s
ar
e
s
e
n
siti
ve
d
ev
ice
s
t
ha
t
ar
e
req
u
i
rin
g
a
con
s
ta
n
t
o
f
v
o
lta
ge
m
a
g
n
itu
de,
vo
lta
ge
f
r
e
que
nc
y
an
d
vo
lta
ge
p
h
a
s
e
[11].
They
r
equ
i
re
d
a
g
o
o
d
pow
e
r
qua
l
ity
i
n
or
de
r
to
a
v
o
i
d
a
n
y
fa
il
ure
i
n
t
he
p
ow
er
e
lec
t
ro
nic
c
om
p
o
n
en
ts
a
nd
e
l
e
ctri
ca
l
equ
i
pme
n
t
in
s
uc
h
a
w
a
y
tha
t
it
w
i
l
l
brea
kdow
n
in
e
lectr
i
ca
l
e
q
u
i
pm
ent
a
n
d
e
v
e
n
t
u
a
l
ly
d
amag
e
t
h
e
e
l
ec
t
r
i
c
al
e
q
u
i
p
men
t
a
s
wel
l
a
s
slow
l
y
s
hor
ten
t
h
e
i
r
l
i
fe
spa
n
[
12].
The
r
ef
o
r
e,
t
hi
s
issue
i
s
n
o
t
a
tri
v
i
a
l
pro
b
lem
for
c
oun
trie
s
tha
t
a
re
deve
l
o
p
i
ng
t
he
ir
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
in
t
he
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
.
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
sa
g
a
n
d
sw
el
l
a
r
e
t
h
e
m
a
in
i
ss
ue
t
hat
m
a
y
c
a
u
se
t
he
p
ow
e
r
qua
l
ity
p
r
oble
m
[
13-1
7
].
D
VR
i
s
o
n
e
of
t
he
w
ise
so
lut
i
o
n
s
u
se
d
to
m
i
tiga
t
e
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
qual
ity
p
ro
b
l
em
.
I
t
i
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Ener
gy
eff
i
c
i
e
n
cy
e
n
h
a
nc
em
e
n
t
usin
g
dy
nam
i
c
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
rest
o
r
e
r
(D
VR
) (
M
u
ham
m
a
d Mur
t
ad
h
a
O
t
hm
a
n
)
1
309
able
t
o
c
o
mpe
n
sa
te
t
he
v
olta
ge
s
ag,
v
o
lta
g
e
s
w
e
ll
a
nd
als
o
h
arm
on
ic
c
o
n
d
iti
o
n
b
y
i
n
je
cti
n
g
t
h
e
i
r
vo
lt
age
i
n
series
s
ync
hr
o
nous
l
y
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
sy
s
t
em
t
o
en
sure
t
he
s
moo
t
hne
ss
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
qua
l
i
t
y
c
a
n
b
e
m
a
in
ta
ine
d
[
18-
19].
G
e
n
e
r
a
l
l
y
,
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
t
h
r
e
e
b
a
s
i
c
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
f
o
r
a
D
V
R
s
uc
h
as
p
re
-sag
c
ompe
n
s
a
t
ion,
i
n
-
pha
se
com
p
en
sat
i
on
and
ene
r
gy o
p
t
i
m
iza
t
i
o
n c
o
mpe
n
sa
t
i
on
[20].
I
n
p
re-
s
a
g
c
o
m
pensa
t
i
o
n,
t
h
e
s
up
p
l
y
v
o
l
t
a
ge
i
s
co
ns
iste
ntl
y
m
on
itore
d
and
i
n
i
tiat
e
s
the
inje
c
t
ion
befor
e
t
he
o
c
c
u
rre
nce
of
v
o
l
t
a
ge
s
a
g
a
nd
i
t
als
o
a
b
l
e
t
o
c
o
m
pen
s
a
t
e
t
h
e
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
i
f
t
o
f
i
n
c
o
m
i
n
g
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
.
O
n
the
o
t
her
ha
n
d
,
t
h
e D
V
R
w
it
h in-
phase
com
p
e
nsa
t
i
o
n w
i
l
l
o
nl
y c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
t
e
t
he ma
gni
t
u
d
e
of
voltage
s
ag. The
D
V
R
v
olta
g
e
i
s
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
l
y
i
n
pha
se
w
it
h
the
m
eas
ure
d
i
nc
om
ing
v
o
lta
ge
r
e
g
ar
dl
e
s
s
the
phase
s
h
i
ft
o
f
inc
o
m
i
ng
v
o
lta
ge.
W
i
t
h
e
ne
rgy
opt
im
i
z
a
t
ion
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
tio
n,
t
h
e
v
o
lta
ge
i
s
i
n
jec
t
e
d
w
it
h
i
t
s
p
h
ase
a
n
gl
e
in
qua
dra
t
ur
e
w
i
t
h
l
oa
d
c
u
rr
ent
t
o
r
e
duce
t
h
e
u
s
e
of
r
eal
pow
e
r
.
T
he
refore,
this
s
tra
t
e
gy
w
ill
r
educ
e
t
h
e
e
n
erg
y
con
s
um
pt
io
n
o
f
e
ner
gy
stor
age.
I
n
a
DV
R
c
ontro
ller
,
it
uses
t
he
h
yste
r
e
sis
vo
lta
g
e
c
on
tro
l
t
o
de
t
e
ct
t
he
di
sr
up
t
e
d
i
n
c
o
m
i
ng
vo
lta
ge
a
nd
s
u
pp
lie
d
t
o
t
he
I
ns
ula
t
e
d
G
ate
B
i
p
o
l
a
r
T
ransistor
(IG
B
T
s)
a
s
sw
itc
hin
g
d
e
vi
c
e
s
fo
r
vo
l
t
a
g
e
-sou
rc
ed
c
on
ve
rter
(
VSC)[21].
Spec
i
f
ically,
D
V
R
c
om
pe
nsa
t
e
t
h
e
in
t
e
rrup
t
io
n
of
inc
o
m
i
ng
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
by r
e
fe
rrin
g
to the
u
n
i
po
la
r S
P
W
M
com
i
ng
from
the
IG
BT sw
itche
s.
O
t
h
e
r
t
h
a
n
t
h
a
t
,
t
h
e
D
V
R
p
l
a
y
s
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
r
o
l
e
i
n
e
n
e
r
g
y
e
f
f
i
cie
n
c
y
e
n
h
a
ncem
en
t
of
a
t
hr
ee-
p
h
ase
syste
m
.
The
en
e
r
gy c
o
nsum
p
t
i
o
n
in
a
n
on-l
i
ne
ar l
oad c
a
n
b
e
r
e
du
ce
d b
y
i
ncr
easi
ng t
h
eir
ene
r
gy e
f
fic
i
e
n
c
y
v
ia
reduc
tio
n
o
f
i
n
c
omin
g
v
o
lta
ge
a
t
a
l
l
o
w
a
b
l
e
lim
it
s
u
c
h
a
s
2
0
0V
p
er-pha
se
.
With
t
he
r
ed
uce
d
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
l
ta
ge
a
t
the
pe
rm
i
s
s
i
ble
l
i
mit,
t
he
l
oa
d
ma
y
fu
nc
ti
o
n
p
rope
r
l
y
an
d
o
p
era
t
e
s
a
t
l
o
w
e
r
e
nergy
c
o
nsum
pt
i
on.
T
h
u
s,
t
he
ene
r
g
y
e
fficie
n
c
y of
t
he
sys
te
m
ca
n be
e
nha
nced.
2.
RESEARCH
M
ETH
O
D
F
i
gure 1
s
how
s
a
sche
ma
t
i
c
d
i
agra
m of d
yna
m
i
c
v
o
l
t
a
g
e res
t
ore
r
(DVR
)
con
n
e
ct
ed
i
n
se
ri
es
w
i
t
h
th
e
sens
iti
ve
l
oa
d
i
n
a
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
sys
t
e
m
.
The
D
V
R
c
o
n
ta
i
n
s
of
v
o
l
t
a
g
e-
so
ur
ceF
ig
u
c
o
nve
rt
er
(
V
S
C),
hyst
e
re
si
s
vo
lta
ge
c
on
tro
l
,
a
booster
tra
n
sforme
r
and
a
l
so
p
ass
i
ve
f
il
t
e
r
used
t
o
fil
t
er
a
ny
ha
rm
on
i
c
c
ompo
ne
nt
e
xists
in
the
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
The
D
V
R
w
i
l
l
in
jec
t
a
t
hr
ee-
pha
se
o
f
A
C
v
o
l
tage
i
n
se
ri
es
s
ync
hro
n
o
u
s
l
y
w
ith
t
he
s
upp
lie
d
vo
lta
ge
f
or
t
he
o
c
c
urr
e
nce
of
v
o
l
ta
ge
s
ag
o
r
vo
ltage
s
w
e
l
l
.
Th
i
s
sig
n
i
f
ies
tha
t
w
h
e
never
the
qu
ali
t
y
o
f
sup
p
l
i
ed
v
o
l
t
a
ge
i
s
i
n
terru
pte
d
o
r
d
i
s
t
or
te
d,
t
he
D
V
R
c
a
n
r
est
o
re
t
he
q
ual
ity
o
f
the
v
o
lta
ge
a
t
t
h
e
l
o
a
d
s
i
d
e
b
y
con
t
ro
l
lin
g
t
h
e
vo
l
t
a
g
e
am
p
l
i
t
ude,
pha
se
a
ng
le
a
nd freq
u
e
n
c
y
of
vol
t
a
g
e
.
F
i
gur
e 1.
Basic
p
rinc
ip
l
e
of
dy
nam
i
c
vo
l
t
a
g
e
restore
r
The
e
n
s
u
i
n
g
e
x
p
l
a
n
at
i
on
re
p
r
ese
n
t
s
t
he
o
p
e
ra
t
i
on
o
f
D
V
R
.
F
i
rst
l
y,
t
h
e
DVR
w
i
l
l
r
ece
i
v
e
a
s
i
gn
a
l
from
p
o
i
nt
r
e
p
r
e
sent
in
g
as
t
h
e
c
urre
nt
s
itua
t
io
n
of
i
ncom
i
n
g
su
p
p
ly
v
ol
ta
ge.
S
econd
l
y
,
the
D
V
R
w
i
l
l
d
e
t
ect
t
h
e
in
co
min
g
s
u
ppl
y
wit
h
p
ower
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
p
ro
bl
em
c
ondi
ti
on
c
o
n
v
e
r
te
d
a
s
a
s
m
a
l
l
s
i
gna
l
com
i
ng
from
po
i
n
t
B
and
c
o
mpa
r
iso
n
i
s
m
a
de
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
i
ncom
in
g
v
o
lta
ge
s
u
p
p
l
y
si
g
n
al
(
V
Line
)
ha
v
i
n
g
pow
e
r
qua
l
i
t
y
p
ro
b
l
em
a
nd
refere
nce
vo
l
t
a
g
e
i
n
o
r
d
er
f
or
t
he
hys
tere
sis
vo
ltage
c
on
t
r
o
lle
r
t
o
o
per
a
te
a
nd
mi
ti
ga
te
t
he
w
aveform
segm
ent
of
i
ncom
i
ng
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
sup
p
l
y
hav
i
ng
t
he
p
o
w
er
qual
ity
p
r
o
b
l
em
.
T
h
i
s
o
per
a
t
i
on
is
p
er
form
ed
by
t
h
e
D
V
R
in
dic
a
t
e
d
b
y
la
b
el
C i
n
F
i
gur
e
2.
I
n
pa
rt
i
c
u
l
a
r
,
the d
i
f
f
er
enc
e
b
e
t
w
e
en
r
efe
r
e
n
c
e
v
o
l
ta
ge
a
nd
i
nc
om
i
ng
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
sup
p
l
y
h
a
v
in
g
pow
e
r
q
ual
i
t
y
pro
b
lem
w
ill
tr
a
n
sm
i
t
a
s
a
differe
n
ce
s
ig
nal
to
p
e
r
form
t
he
s
w
itc
hi
n
g
i
n
relay
s
for
later
use
i
n
m
i
tiga
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
com
p
e
n
sa
t
e
t
he
pow
e
r
qua
li
ty
p
r
o
b
le
m
inc
u
rre
d
i
n
t
he
i
nc
om
i
n
g
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
sup
p
l
y
.
The
hy
ste
r
esis
s
w
i
tc
h
i
ng
rela
ys
w
i
l
l
i
n
s
t
r
u
ct
t
he
o
p
e
ra
ti
on
of
I
G
B
T
sw
i
t
c
h
e
s
l
a
b
el
ed
a
s
D
to
p
r
o
duc
e
t
h
e
uni
p
o
l
a
r
S
P
W
M
s
i
g
n
a
l
fro
m
D
C
suppl
y
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
i
nt
o
A
C
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
[
2
2
]
.
L
a
s
t
l
y
,
t
h
e
I
G
B
T
s
w
i
t
c
h
e
s
w
ill
i
n
je
ct
i
t
s
c
on
verte
d
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
lta
ge
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
sys
t
e
m
t
o
c
o
m
pe
nsa
t
e
the
vo
l
t
a
g
e
sa
g
an
d
sw
e
ll
i
n
t
he
s
ystem
thr
o
u
g
h
the
t
hre
e
-
p
h
a
se is
o
lat
i
on trans
for
m
er l
a
b
el
ed
as E.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 3
,
S
e
p
2
019
:
1
3
0
8
–
1
316
1
310
2.
1.
V
o
lt
a
g
e
s
u
pp
ly
The
par
a
me
ter
s
a
r
e
a
dj
us
te
d
in
t
he
s
our
ce
t
o
s
u
p
p
l
y
t
h
e
d
e
sir
e
d
o
u
t
pu
t
vo
ltage
a
nd
is
r
efe
r
r
i
ng
t
o
l
a
b
e
l
A
i
n
F
i
gure
2
.
T
he
p
o
s
it
i
v
e
-
se
que
nce
p
a
ra
met
e
rs
a
re
s
e
t
t
o 50
8V
L-L fo
r
vo
lt
a
g
e
s
upp
l
y
,
0
ͦ
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
h
a
s
e
a
n
d
5
0
H
z
f
or
t
he
f
r
e
que
nc
y.
T
he
v
ol
ta
ge
m
us
t
be
s
e
t
t
o
50
8V
r
m
s
i
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
obt
a
i
n
41
5VL-L
o
b
t
a
i
n
ed
b
a
s
ed
on
t
he
r
ms
v
a
l
ue
i
s
5
08V
r
m
s
×√
(
2/
3)
=
4
1
5
V
L
-
L
.
The
t
i
m
e
var
i
a
t
i
o
n
is
s
e
t
t
o
“
A
mplit
ude”
a
n
d
the
t
y
pe
o
f
va
r
i
a
t
i
on
is
s
e
t
t
o
“
T
a
b
l
e
o
f
tim
e-
a
m
pli
t
u
de
p
a
i
r
s
”
s
o
t
ha
t
the
t
i
m
e
v
a
lu
e
se
tti
n
g
c
an
b
e
en
ab
led
.
T
h
e
amp
l
itu
de
v
a
l
ue
i
s
i
n
p
er
u
ni
t
a
n
d
th
e
t
i
m
e
va
l
u
es
i
s
a
d
j
u
ste
d
to
t
he
d
e
s
ir
ed
o
u
t
pu
t
va
lu
e
s
i
n
or
de
r
t
o
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
the
pe
r
c
e
n
t
a
ge
o
f
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
sag
and
sw
e
ll
as
w
e
l
l
a
s
i
ts
dur
a
tion
.
Th
e
fu
nd
ame
n
t
a
l
an
d/
o
r
h
armo
ni
c
g
e
n
e
rat
i
on
is
e
na
ble
d
t
o
i
n
cl
u
d
e
t
h
e
eff
ect
o
f
harm
o
n
ic
i
n
t
h
e
vol
tag
e
s
u
p
pl
y
y
i
el
d
i
ng
t
o
the
u
nba
l
a
nce
d
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
on
o
f
vo
l
t
age
sa
g
or
sw
e
ll.
2.
2.
Th
ree
-ph
a
se
V
-I me
a
sure
m
e
nt
The
three
-
p
h
as
e
vo
l
t
ag
e
an
d
cur
r
ent
s
u
pp
ly
i
s
m
e
a
s
u
r
ed
b
y
us
in
g
t
he
t
hr
ee
-
phase
V
-
I
mea
s
ur
em
ent
in
d
i
cat
e
d
a
s
la
be
l
B
s
h
ow
n
i
n
F
i
gur
e
2.
T
he
t
hr
ee-
phase
V
-
I
m
ea
sur
e
m
e
nt
i
s
r
e
sp
o
n
s
i
b
l
e
t
o
o
bse
r
ve
t
he
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
o
f
D
V
R
i
n
m
i
t
i
ga
ti
ng
t
he
v
o
l
ta
ge
s
a
g
o
r
sw
ell
tha
t
o
c
cur
s
i
n
t
h
e
thr
ee-
pha
se
s
ys
t
e
m.
T
he
t
hr
ee
-
pha
se
V
-
I
m
easur
em
ent
is
a
ls
o
i
n
s
t
a
l
l
e
d
a
t
t
he
l
oa
d
si
de
t
o
me
a
sur
e
a
nd
moni
t
o
r
t
h
e
i
n
te
r
r
upte
d
l
oa
d
vo
l
t
a
g
e
an
d
cu
rre
n
t
comp
e
n
sat
e
d
by
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
mi
c
vo
l
t
a
g
e
r
est
o
rer.
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
s
hows
a
sch
e
ma
t
i
c
di
ag
r
a
m
o
f
DVR
de
sig
n
e
d
a
nd
suc
c
e
s
s
f
u
l
ly
e
xe
cute
d
i
n
t
h
e
S
imuli
n
k
sof
t
w
a
r
e
.
F
i
gur
e
2.
S
i
m
u
lin
k
di
a
g
r
a
m
of
d
y
n
am
ic
v
olt
a
ge
r
e
s
t
o
r
e
r
D
V
R
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
Err
o
r!
Ref
e
r
en
ce
sourc
e
not f
o
u
n
d.
The
D
V
R
con
tr
o
l
le
r
la
be
led as
C i
n F
i
g
u
r
e
2 is
use
d
t
o
de
tec
t
t
he
v
o
ltage
s
a
g
a
nd
v
o
lta
ge
s
w
e
ll
w
h
i
ch
w
i
l
l
t
h
e
n
c
o
mpa
r
ed
w
ith
t
he
f
i
x
ed
r
e
f
er
ence
v
o
l
t
a
ge
spec
ified in
t
he
c
on
tro
l
le
r
[2
3]. A
detai
l
c
i
r
cu
it
of
DVR
c
on
tr
olle
r
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
i
n
F
i
g
ur
e
4
w
h
er
eby i
t
c
o
n
s
ists
of
i
nc
om
in
g
v
o
lta
ge,
r
e
fe
r
e
n
c
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
ge
ne
r
a
t
o
r
,
d
etec
tio
n
a
n
d
c
omp
a
r
i
son
c
i
r
c
u
its,
hys
t
e
r
e
sis
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
.
T
he
r
e
f
er
ence
v
olta
ge
g
en
er
ator
i
s
use
d
t
o
pr
o
v
i
de
a
s
m
o
o
t
h
si
nus
o
i
da
l
t
h
r
e
e-
pha
se
w
a
v
e
f
or
m
o
f
41
5V
L-L
.
A
sm
o
o
t
h
s
i
nus
oi
da
l
w
a
vef
o
r
m
o
f
thr
e
e
-
p
h
ase
v
o
lta
ge
i
s
pr
od
uc
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
eq
uat
i
o
n
em
be
dd
ed
i
n
the
bl
o
c
k
d
i
ag
r
a
m
and
is
s
e
t
a
s
the
f
i
xe
d
r
e
fe
r
e
nc
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e.
T
h
e
inc
o
m
i
n
g
v
o
l
t
a
ge
s
a
g
o
r
swell
is
o
bta
i
ned
from
th
e
l
i
ne
v
o
l
tage
l
a
b
ele
d
a
s
V
Line
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
.
The
o
b
ta
i
n
ed
i
nc
omi
ng
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
sa
g
or
s
w
e
l
l
i
s
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
wi
th
t
h
e
f
i
x
e
d
r
e
f
ere
n
ce
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
a
t
t
h
e
comp
ara
t
o
r
l
a
b
e
l
ed
a
s
G
.
The
com
p
ar
is
on
be
tw
ee
n
f
i
x
e
d
r
e
fe
r
e
nc
e
vo
l
t
age
a
nd
th
e
inc
o
m
i
n
g
v
o
l
t
a
ge
s
a
g
o
r
sw
ell
is
m
a
d
e
to
p
ro
duc
e
a
d
i
f
f
e
r
ence
o
r
e
rror
si
gna
l
requ
ire
d
by
t
h
e
r
e
lay
or
h
yste
r
e
sis
v
o
lta
ge
c
on
tr
o
l
[
2
4
]
.
S
ubse
q
ue
nt
ly,
t
h
e
di
f
f
e
r
e
nce
or
e
r
r
or
s
i
gna
l
is
s
en
t
t
o
t
he
I
G
B
T
sw
itc
hes
so
t
ha
t
t
h
e
sw
i
t
ch
i
n
g
c
a
n
be
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
i
n
r
e
sp
on
d
to
c
on
v
e
r
t
fro
m
D
C
v
ol
t
a
ge
t
o
AC
vol
tage
u
nd
er
the
u
n
i
p
o
l
ar
SPWM
form
ati
on
a
t
a
p
a
r
t
i
c
u
lar
time
t
o
c
om
pen
s
ate
a
t
a
c
ert
a
in
t
i
m
e
s
e
g
m
ent
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f
i
n
c
o
m
ing
sup
p
l
y
hav
i
ng
vo
l
t
age
sa
g
or
vo
l
tage
s
w
e
l
l
.
2.
3.
IGBT
s
wi
t
c
hes
The
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
nce
or
e
r
r
o
r
si
gn
a
l
i
s
se
n
t
b
y
the
r
e
lay
or
h
y
s
ter
e
s
is
c
o
n
tr
oller
for
an
i
m
m
e
di
ate
o
p
era
t
i
o
n
of
I
G
B
T
sw
itc
he
s
la
bele
d
as
D
i
n
F
i
gur
e
2.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Ener
gy
effic
i
e
n
cy
enha
nce
m
en
t us
in
g dy
n
a
m
i
c
volt
a
g
e
re
sto
r
e
r
(DVR) (M
u
hamma
d Mur
t
ad
h
a
Othma
n
)
1
311
I
n
F
igur
e
3,
t
her
e
a
r
e
s
ix
I
G
B
T
sw
itche
s
con
n
ec
ted
in
a
t
hr
ee-
p
h
a
se
b
ri
dg
e
co
nn
ect
ion
.
T
h
e
di
ff
er
e
n
ce
or
e
r
r
o
r
si
g
n
a
l
w
ill
d
r
i
ve
t
he
I
G
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sw
it
c
h
es
t
o
pr
o
d
uce
t
h
e
uni
pol
a
r
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P
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M
i
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cret
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t
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wa
vefor
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t
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o
i
n
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I
t
o
i
njec
t
an
d
c
o
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n
s
a
te
t
he
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g
e
s
a
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o
r
s
wel
l
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r
r
ed
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n
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h
e
s
y
s
t
em
[
2
5
]
.
The
vo
l
t
age
m
a
gn
i
t
ude
o
f
un
ipo
l
ar
S
P
W
M ca
n
r
e
ach
u
p
t
o
7
0
0
V
or
ig
i
n
a
ted
fr
om
t
he D
C
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
ol
t
a
ge a
t po
i
n
t
1
a
nd
po
in
t
2
.
T
h
i
s
im
p
lies
the
IGBT
s
wi
t
c
hes
co
n
v
er
t
the
DC
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
su
ppl
y
i
n
to
A
C
ou
tp
u
t
v
olt
a
g
e
o
f
u
n
ip
o
l
a
r
S
PW
M
.
F
i
gur
e
3.
I
G
B
T
sw
it
c
h
e
s
F
i
gur
e
4.
D
V
R
c
ontr
o
l
l
er
c
ir
cui
t
2.4
.
Th
ree
-
p
h
a
se
i
so
lat
i
on
/b
oost
er
t
r
an
sf
ormer
The
t
h
r
e
e
-
phas
e
i
s
o
lat
i
on
or
b
o
o
s
t
er
t
r
a
nsf
o
r
m
e
r
i
s
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
se
r
i
es
w
it
h
the
t
h
r
e
e
-
phase
s
ystem
a
n
d
it
is
l
abe
l
e
d
a
s
E
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
2.
I
t
i
s
u
se
d
to
i
njec
t
the
AC
v
olt
a
g
e
o
f
uni
pol
a
r
S
P
W
M
wa
v
e
fo
r
m
i
n
t
o
th
e
sys
t
em
so
t
h
a
t
t
he
i
nc
om
in
g
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
sa
g
or
s
w
e
ll c
a
n
b
e
c
o
m
p
ens
a
t
ed
. The
s
econ
dary
-
s
id
e o
f
t
ran
s
fo
rmer
i
s
in
w
y
e
c
onne
ct
i
o
n
and
the
pr
im
ar
y-
si
de
o
f
tr
an
sfor
me
r
s
i
s
c
onne
cte
d
in
s
er
ie
s
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
t
hr
e
e
-
pha
se
s
ys
tem
.
The
f
i
xe
d
va
lu
e
of
p
ar
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
i
s
s
et
i
nt
o
t
h
e
t
r
ansf
or
m
e
r
so
t
h
at
t
he
d
esi
r
ed
o
u
t
pu
t
wa
v
e
fo
rm
c
a
n
b
e
ob
ta
ine
d
.
The
nomi
n
a
l
p
ow
e
r
a
nd
fr
eq
uen
c
y
ar
e
40
00V
A
and
5
0
H
z
,
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
I
t
i
s
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
tr
a
n
sf
or
m
e
r
a
nd
i
t
i
s
de
pe
nd
ing
o
n
t
he
K
V
A
r
atin
g
o
f
l
oa
di
n
g
c
o
nd
iti
on
.
Th
e
p
r
imar
y
(1
)
an
d
s
e
cond
ar
y
(2
)
si
de
o
f
tr
a
n
sf
o
r
mer
is
c
om
po
se
d
w
i
t
h
t
he
p
ar
a
m
e
t
er
s
sett
ing
o
f
vo
lt
ag
e
,
r
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e,
a
nd
i
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
ce
t
h
at
i
s
50
8V
,
0.
02p.
u.
a
n
d
0
.
0
2
p
.
u
.
,
r
e
s
pect
ive
l
y.
T
he
s
a
t
ur
a
t
i
o
n
c
h
a
r
a
ct
eri
s
t
i
c
,
co
re
l
o
s
s
re
si
st
an
c
e
a
n
d
i
ni
ti
al
f
lux
a
r
e
set
i
n
a
cco
rda
n
ce
t
o
the
s
t
an
da
rd
t
y
p
e
o
f
t
hre
e
-pha
se
i
so
l
a
ti
on
tr
ans
f
or
m
e
r
ava
i
la
bl
e
in
t
h
e
m
ar
ket.
T
he
thre
e-p
h
a
s
e
i
s
o
l
at
i
o
n
t
r
a
n
sform
e
r
r
ece
ived
t
he
u
n
i
po
lar
SPWM
of
d
i
s
c
r
et
e-
t
i
m
e
w
a
v
efor
m
to
c
om
p
e
nsa
t
e
the
di
st
or
te
d
si
gna
l
of
a
n
A
C
s
in
uso
i
da
l
co
nt
inu
o
u
s-
t
i
me
w
a
v
efor
m
h
appe
ne
d
in
t
he
t
hr
ee-
pha
se
s
ystem
.
2.
5.
Th
ree
-ph
a
se
i
so
lati
on/b
oost
er
tran
sformer
The
pas
s
i
v
e
f
i
lter
labe
le
d
as
B
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
i
s
com
p
r
i
sed
of
r
e
s
i
s
t
o
r
an
d
c
a
pac
i
tor
use
d
t
o
f
ilter
t
h
e
ha
r
m
onic
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
o
r
i
gi
n
a
ted
fr
om
t
he
v
ol
ta
ge
c
om
pen
s
at
i
o
n
i
n
j
e
c
t
ed
b
y
th
e
th
re
e-p
h
a
se
i
sol
a
t
i
on
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
3
, S
e
p
2
0
1
9
:
130
8
– 1
316
1
312
trans
f
or
me
r.
T
he
R
C
br
anch
t
y
p
e
c
o
ns
i
s
t
i
ng
w
ith
r
es
istor
a
n
d
ca
pac
i
tor
is
s
elec
te
d
in
s
u
c
h
a
w
a
y
to
o
p
e
r
a
te
t
h
e
p
a
ssiv
e
f
ilt
er.
Th
e
resi
st
an
ce
a
n
d
cap
a
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
v
a
lu
e
s
a
re
s
et
a
s
1
Ω
a
nd
1
00µ
F
,
r
e
s
pect
i
v
e
l
y
for
t
h
e
RC
branc
h
ty
p
e
of
p
a
s
s
i
ve
f
i
l
t
e
r.
3.
RESULT
S
A
N
D
ANALY
S
IS
The
o
p
era
t
i
ng
per
f
orm
a
nce
o
f
t
hree
-phase
d
yn
a
m
ic
v
o
l
ta
g
e
r
estor
er
(
D
V
R
)
has
been
c
a
rried-
o
ut
on
a
ca
se
s
tudy
of
t
hre
e
-pha
se
s
y
s
tem
cons
ist
i
n
g
w
ith
8
.1
4
kV
A
ra
t
i
n
g
of
p
o
w
er
s
upp
ly
a
n
d
7
.5
6
kV
A
ra
t
i
n
g
o
f
loading
condition s
how
n
in
F
igu
r
e 2. The DVR
is
respons
ible t
o
mi
t
i
ga
te t
he
thre
e
pow
e
r
qual
ity prob
l
e
m
s of
vo
lta
ge
s
ag,
vo
lta
ge
s
w
e
ll
a
n
d
harm
on
ic.
I
t
i
s
w
o
rthw
hile
t
o
me
n
tio
n
t
h
a
t
t
he
m
ain
tas
k
o
f
D
V
R
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
i
s
to
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
t
he
d
i
ffe
re
nc
e or
e
rror
sig
n
al
b
e
t
we
en
t
h
e
r
efe
r
enc
e
vo
lta
ge
a
nd
i
n
terrup
t
ed
inc
om
ing
v
o
lta
ge
.
The
err
o
r
si
gna
l
is
t
he
n
re
cei
ve
d
by
the
IG
BT
s
w
itc
hes
to
p
r
oduc
e
t
h
e
A
C
u
n
i
p
o
l
a
r
S
P
W
M
.
T
h
e
A
C
u
n
i
p
o
l
a
r
S
P
WM
i
s
trans
f
erre
d
to
t
he
t
hr
ee
-phase
i
s
o
l
a
t
i
o
n
t
ra
nsform
e
r
t
o
c
on
ve
rt
a
nd
c
o
mpe
n
sa
te
t
he
d
is
torte
d
p
art
of
inc
o
m
i
ng
v
o
l
ta
ge
.
F
i
gure
5
s
how
s
t
h
e
fi
xe
d
r
e
fe
renc
e vo
lta
ge
o
f
4
1
5
V
ta
k
e
n
fr
om
V
r
e
f A
,
V
r
e
f
B
an
d V
r
e
f
C
in D
V
R
c
o
n
t
r
oller
cir
c
u
i
t
show
n in F
i
g
ure
4.
F
i
gure
6
s
how
s
t
h
e
d
i
ffe
renc
e
be
tw
ee
n
the
fi
xe
d
v
o
l
t
a
ge
r
efere
n
ce
a
n
d
d
i
s
t
or
t
e
d
i
n
com
i
ng
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
a
t
0.1
se
co
nd
un
t
il
0.15
se
c
o
n
d
t
ake
n
f
r
o
m
V
l
i
n
e
an
d
V
r
ef
i
n
F
i
gur
e
4.
T
he
c
om
pariso
n
is
m
ade
betw
ee
n
t
h
e
tw
o
w
a
vef
o
r
m
s
to
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
e
th
e
ope
rat
i
on
o
f
D
V
R
c
ontr
o
l
l
e
r
.
The
inc
o
m
i
ng
vo
l
t
age
dis
t
or
t
i
o
n
i
s
o
n
e
of
t
he
pow
er
qua
l
ity
p
rob
l
em
s
th
at
m
ay
i
n
s
t
i
g
a
te
i
ne
ffec
tive
opera
ti
on
o
f
loa
d
h
e
n
ce
s
hor
t
e
n
the
lifesp
a
n
perform
ance
.
A
s
a
r
e
s
ul
t,
t
he
c
ompa
ris
on
b
e
t
w
een
t
he
r
e
f
er
ence
v
o
lta
ge
a
nd
d
i
st
orte
d
i
n
com
i
n
g
v
o
lta
ge
m
ay
yie
l
d
to
h
ys
t
e
resis
s
i
gna
l
a
nd
d
i
ffer
ence
o
r
err
o
r
signa
l
a
t
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
a
nd
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
po
i
n
t
H
in
F
i
gure
4,
respe
c
t
i
ve
l
y
.
The
h
y
s
t
er
esis
s
ig
nal
and
diff
er
ence
o
r
error
sig
na
l
a
r
e
sh
o
w
n
in
F
ig
ure
7
and
the
d
u
rati
on
for
bo
th
s
i
g
nal
s
t
o
ope
rate
i
s
be
t
w
e
e
n
0.1
se
co
nd
to
0
.4
s
ec
o
nd
de
p
e
n
d
i
ng
t
o
t
he
d
ura
t
i
on
of
d
is
t
o
rte
d
i
n
c
om
i
n
g
vo
lta
ge d
isc
u
ss
ed
b
efore
h
a
nd.
F
i
gur
e 5.
Thre
e
-pha
se f
i
x
e
d
re
f
er
ence
vo
l
ta
g
e
.
F
i
gure
6.
Compa
rison
be
tw
ee
n the
(a)
fixe
d
refere
nce
vo
l
t
a
g
e
,
a
nd (
b
) dist
orte
d inc
o
m
i
ng
vol
ta
ge
w
avef
orm
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Ener
gy
eff
i
c
i
e
n
cy
e
n
h
a
nc
em
e
n
t
usin
g
dy
nam
i
c
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
rest
o
r
e
r
(D
VR
) (
M
u
ham
m
a
d Mur
t
ad
h
a
O
t
hm
a
n
)
1
313
F
i
gur
e 7.
(a
)
H
ys
t
e
resis si
g
n
al
,
and (
b
) differe
nce
or e
rror si
g
n
a
l
subj
e
c
t
t
o
t
h
e co
mp
ari
s
o
n
b
e
t
we
en
th
e
fix
ed
refere
nce
vo
l
t
a
g
e a
nd d
i
s
t
or
t
e
d inc
o
m
i
ng
v
o
lta
g
e
.
The
w
i
dth
for
ever
y
pu
lse
o
f
d
iffe
renc
e
or
e
r
r
or
s
i
g
na
l
is
r
epr
esent
i
ng
t
h
e
ma
gnit
u
de
d
i
s
tort
i
on
o
f
vo
lta
ge.
The
d
i
ffe
r
enc
e
o
r
err
o
r
sign
al
i
s
o
b
t
a
ine
d
f
rom
the
sw
i
t
ch
i
ng
re
l
a
y
a
nd
is
u
se
d
to
t
ri
g
g
er
t
h
e
I
G
B
T
swi
t
c
h
e
s
t
o
c
o
n
v
e
rt
f
ro
m
DC
v
olt
a
ge
s
upp
l
y
a
nd
t
hen
i
n
j
ect
t
h
e
A
C
uni
po
l
a
r
S
P
WM
.
By
r
e
f
erri
ng
t
o
Fi
g
u
re
3,
t
he
d
iffe
ren
c
e
or
e
rror
s
i
g
n
al
i
s
tra
n
s
f
err
e
d
v
i
a
po
i
n
t
G
o
f
I
G
B
T
sw
i
t
c
hes
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
.
T
he
t
hree
-phase
A
C
un
ipo
l
ar
S
P
W
M
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gure
8
a
n
d
t
h
ese
w
a
ve
form
s
a
r
e
ob
ta
ine
d
f
rom
p
o
i
n
t
I
i
n
F
ig
ure
3.
E
ve
nt
ual
l
y
,
t
h
e
IGB
T
c
ont
ro
ll
e
r
w
i
l
l
in
j
e
c
t
t
h
e
A
C
uni
pol
ar
S
P
W
M
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
t
hree
-p
hase
syste
m me
rely to
com
p
e
n
sa
te
t
he
ma
gni
tude
d
ist
o
rt
io
n of
A
C i
n
com
i
n
g
v
olta
g
e
.
F
urther
a
nal
y
s
i
s
to
i
n
v
est
i
g
a
t
e
e
ffe
c
t
ive
pe
rform
ance
o
f
DVR
i
s
d
o
n
e
f
o
r
t
w
o
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
c
a
s
e
s
o
f
vo
lta
ge
s
ag
a
n
d
s
w
e
l
l
.
The
fi
rst
a
n
a
l
ys
i
s
i
s
do
ne
b
ased
o
n
the
80
%
o
f
v
o
l
ta
ge
s
a
g
h
a
ppe
ne
d
a
t
d
urat
i
on
0.1
seco
nd
t
o
0
.15
se
co
nd
s
h
o
wn
i
n
F
i
g
u
re
9
(a
)
.
H
ence
,
the
th
re
e-ph
a
s
e
i
n
c
o
m
i
ng
v
o
lta
ge
i
s
re
duce
d
t
o
0.
2
p.
u.
dur
in
g
the
sa
g
g
in
g
c
o
n
d
it
i
on.
T
her
e
for
e
,
the
D
V
R
c
o
ntro
ll
er
d
et
ec
t
t
h
e
0.
2
p.
u.
o
f
inc
o
m
i
ng
v
o
l
ta
ge
s
ag
a
nd
com
p
are
d
it w
i
th t
he fi
x
ed refe
r
enc
e
v
olta
ge
of
1.0 p.u.
t
ha
t e
ven
t
u
a
l
l
y
driv
en t
he
IG
B
T sw
itc
he
s
to i
nje
c
t A
C
un
ipo
l
ar
S
P
W
M
t
o
c
ompe
ns
ate
0.
8
p.u.
r
em
ainin
g
m
a
gnit
u
de
o
f
vo
l
t
a
g
e
s
a
g
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
9
(
c
)
.
T
h
e
impro
v
e
d
i
nc
o
m
i
ng
v
o
l
ta
ge s
ub
jec
t
t
o
the c
o
mpe
n
sa
tio
n
made by
t
he
D
V
R
is
show
n
i
n
F
igure
9(b)
.
F
i
gur
e 8.
The
A
C un
i
p
o
l
a
r
S
P
W
M of
t
he
IG
B
T
con
t
ro
l
l
e
r
for (
a
)
P
ha
se
A
, (
b) P
hase
B
, a
nd (c
) P
h
ase C.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
3
, S
e
p
2
0
1
9
:
130
8
– 1
316
1
314
F
i
gure
9. D
V
R
p
erforma
n
ce
at
80%
of
volta
ge sag (a) bef
ore com
p
ensat
i
o
n,
(
b)
a
fter
c
o
m
pensa
t
i
o
n,
a
nd
(c)
vo
l
t
age
com
p
e
n
sa
ti
on.
The ro
b
u
s
t
ne
s
s
o
f DVR
is als
o
in
v
es
t
i
ga
te
d and
ve
r
i
fied
ba
s
ed o
n the
case
s
o
f 8
0
%
in
t
he
occ
urrenc
e
of
v
o
lta
ge
s
w
e
l
l
s
how
n
in
F
i
gure
1
0
(a)
.
T
he
d
u
r
at
io
n
of
8
0%
o
f
v
o
lta
ge
s
w
e
ll
i
s
0
.
1
s
e
c
on
d
t
o
0
.15
s
e
con
d
.
The
D
V
R
i
n
j
e
c
t
A
C
u
n
i
p
o
l
a
r
S
P
W
M
to
c
o
m
pensa
t
e
0.
8
p.
u.
r
em
ainin
g
m
a
gni
t
ude
o
f
vo
lt
age
sw
e
l
l
t
o
t
he
three
-
p
h
ase
sy
st
e
m
f
or
c
om
pen
s
at
i
on
a
s
s
how
n
in
1
8(c)
.
The
i
m
pr
o
v
ed
v
ersi
on
o
f
i
nc
om
i
n
g
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
com
p
en
sat
i
o
n
done
b
y
t
h
e
D
V
R
c
a
n
b
e
ob
se
rved
i
n
18(
b
)
.
The
re
su
l
t
s
pro
o
f
t
h
at
t
he
D
V
R
i
s
c
a
pa
b
l
e
to
effec
t
i
v
e
l
y m
itiga
t
e t
h
e
v
o
l
ta
ge
sw
e
l
l
a
t a
n
y
l
e
vel
of pe
r
ce
nt
a
ge.
F
i
gure
1
0
.
D
V
R per
f
orm
a
nc
e a
t
80%
o
f v
o
l
t
a
ge
s
w
e
ll (a
) be
fore
c
om
pen
s
ati
o
n,
(
b)
a
fter
c
o
m
pen
s
a
t
i
on,
a
nd
(
c
)
volta
ge c
o
m
pe
nsa
t
i
o
n.
F
i
gure
11(
a)
s
how
s
the
un
ba
lance
d
i
nc
omi
ng
v
o
lta
ge
w
a
v
ef
orm
c
a
u
sed
b
y
t
he
h
arm
onic
i
n
j
e
ct
e
d
from
t
he
s
our
c
e
.
The
D
V
R
c
o
n
t
ro
l
l
er
w
il
l
oper
a
te
t
he
I
G
B
T
sw
itc
he
s
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
A
C
un
i
p
olar
S
P
W
M
for
miti
ga
t
i
ng
t
h
e
un
ba
lance
d
i
nc
omin
g
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
c
o
nd
iti
o
n
c
a
u
se
d
by
inj
e
c
t
ed
h
armo
n
i
c.
F
ig
u
r
e
1
1
(
c)
s
hows
t
h
e
A
C
v
olta
ge
i
n
j
ec
te
d
from
t
h
e
t
hre
e
-p
hase
i
s
o
la
t
i
o
n
t
r
a
ns
form
er
and
prov
i
d
es
t
he
m
iti
ga
ted
u
n
b
a
la
nce
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Ener
gy
eff
i
c
i
e
n
cy
e
n
h
a
nc
em
e
n
t
usin
g
dy
nam
i
c
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
rest
o
r
e
r
(D
VR
) (
M
u
ham
m
a
d Mur
t
ad
h
a
O
t
hm
a
n
)
1
315
inc
o
m
i
ng
vo
lta
ge
a
s
sh
ow
n
i
n
F
igure
1
1
(b).
F
inal
l
y
,
t
h
e
D
V
R
ca
p
a
b
le
t
o
r
e
duce
t
h
e
t
o
ta
l
ha
rm
onic
d
i
s
t
ort
i
o
n
(TH
D
)
a
t
eve
r
y
pha
se
from 2
0
.62
%
t
o t
h
e range
o
f 0.21%
t
o 0.23%
.
Th
e
r
e
sul
t
s
a
r
e
d
e
p
i
ct
ed
a
nd
s
u
m
ma
ri
ze
d
in
T
a
b
le
1. Th
us, the
D
V
R i
s
als
o per
f
orm
e
d e
f
fec
t
ive
l
y in
p
r
o
d
uci
n
g
a
s
m
oot
h
si
n
u
s
o
ida
l
w
ave
f
orm
of
t
hree
-
pha
se
i
ncom
in
g
v
o
lta
g
e
s
u
b
s
e
que
n
t
t
o
t
h
e
h
a
rm
onic
mit
i
ga
tio
n.
B
y
mi
tiga
t
i
n
g
the
ha
rm
onic
,
t
he
p
ow
e
r
l
o
sses
in
t
he
s
y
s
tem
w
ill
be
r
e
duce
d
.
Ra
t
h
er
t
ha
n
m
i
ti
ga
t
i
n
g
t
he
v
o
l
ta
ge
s
a
g
,
v
o
l
t
a
ge
s
w
e
l
l
,
a
nd
un
ba
la
nced
v
o
l
tag
e
con
d
i
t
i
on
c
a
u
s
e
d
by
t
he
h
ar
m
onic
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
on,
t
he
D
V
R
c
an
a
ls
o
be
u
s
e
d
fo
r
e
n
e
r
gy
s
a
vi
n
g
p
u
r
pose
s
by
reduc
ing
t
h
e
rea
l
p
ow
e
r
a
nd
r
eac
ti
ve
pow
e
r
a
t
a
llow
a
b
l
e
l
e
ve
l
i
n
j
ec
t
e
d
t
o
t
he
t
hre
e
-ph
a
se
s
yst
e
m
.
T
ab
le
2
show
s
t
h
e
re
s
u
lts
o
f
e
n
er
gy
sav
i
n
g
c
orr
e
spo
n
d
in
g
to
t
he
i
ncom
i
n
g
r
eal
a
n
d
r
ea
ct
i
v
e
powers
s
u
b
j
ec
t
to
t
h
e
refere
nce
vo
l
t
a
g
e
of
4
1
5
V
an
d
3
46.5V
s
e
t
b
y
t
h
e
D
V
R
.
The
re
sul
t
s
s
h
ow
t
ha
t
t
h
e
i
n
c
o
m
i
ng
re
al
a
n
d
r
e
acti
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
s
are
redu
c
e
d
f
r
o
m
22
44
W
an
d
803
.9VAR
t
o
18
74W
a
nd
6
71
.5
V
A
R
in
a
cc
or
da
nce
to
t
he
r
e
d
u
c
tio
n
of
refere
nce
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
fr
om
4
1
5
V
to
3
4
6
.5V
sp
e
c
ifie
d
a
t
t
he
D
V
R
.
The
r
efe
r
enc
e
v
ol
ta
ge
i
s
re
d
u
ce
d
t
o
3
4
6
.5V
bec
a
u
s
e
i
t
i
s
a
n
p
er
miss
ible
l
im
i
t
f
or
t
he
o
p
e
r
a
ti
on
of
a
n
y
e
le
ct
ri
ca
l
equip
m
en
t
s
.
Th
e
i
n
co
mi
ng
p
o
w
e
r
s
av
i
n
g
is
o
b
t
a
i
ne
d
from
16.
49%
a
nd
16.
4
7
%
fo
r
t
h
e
red
u
c
t
io
n
of
r
eal
p
o
w
e
r
and
re
ac
ti
v
e
p
ower,
r
e
spec
t
i
ve
l
y
perform
ed by
t
h
e
D
V
R.
T
h
i
s si
gn
ifies t
h
a
t
the
vo
l
tage
red
uc
ti
on
perfor
m
e
d
by the
D
V
R
i
s ca
pa
bl
e
t
o
p
r
oduc
e
a
pow
er
s
avin
g
to the
i
nc
omi
n
g of t
he
t
hre
e
-
p
h
a
se sys
tem
.
Tab
l
e 1.
Tota
l
h
arm
o
n
i
c
dis
t
or
t
i
on
for e
v
ery
pha
se
b
efor
e a
nd a
fter
c
om
pe
nsa
t
i
on
usin
g
D
V
R
V
o
l
t
a
ge
T
H
D
be
f
o
re
c
om
pe
n
s
a
t
i
o
n
T
H
D
a
f
te
r
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
i
o
n
P
h
a
s
e
A
0.
2062
0.
0021
04
Pha
s
e
B
0.
2062
0.
0021
78
Pha
s
e
C
0.
2062
0.
0023
43
Tab
l
e
2. P
ow
e
r
at
415V
an
d
3
46.5V
o
f re
fe
renc
e vo
l
t
ag
e
Pow
e
r
V
r
e
f
=
415V
V
re
f =
346.
5V
P
owe
r
S
a
v
ing
Pe
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
(
%)
R
e
a
l
P
owe
r
(
W
)
2244
1874
16.
49
Re
ac
tive
Powe
r
(
V
A
R
)
803.
9
671.
5
16.
47
F
i
gure
1
1
.
D
V
R per
f
orm
a
nce
a
t
unba
la
nce
d
vo
l
tage
(
a)
before
com
pensa
t
i
on, (
b) a
fter
c
om
pensa
t
i
o
n,
a
nd (
c
)
vo
l
t
age
com
p
e
n
sa
ti
on.
4.
CONCL
U
S
ION
In
t
h
i
s
s
t
ud
y,
t
he
D
V
R
p
la
ys
m
any
im
por
t
a
nt
r
o
l
es
i
n
e
n
h
a
n
c
i
ng
p
o
w
e
r
qua
lit
y
a
nd
a
l
so
e
n
h
a
n
c
i
n
g
ene
r
g
y
e
fficie
nc
y.
T
he
h
ys
t
e
resis
v
o
lta
ge
c
o
n
t
r
ol
w
as
u
sed
in
t
hi
s
stud
y
as
a
DVR
c
on
t
r
ol
l
e
r
t
o
l
e
a
rn
how
t
h
e
con
t
ro
l
l
er oper
a
t
e
s d
u
ri
n
g
t
he
vo
lta
ge sa
g
,
v
o
l
t
a
g
e sw
el
l, u
nba
la
nce
d
v
ol
ta
ge occ
ur
rence
oc
curs in
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
em
.
In
a
d
d
iti
on,
b
y
red
u
c
i
n
g
th
e
e
x
ces
si
ve
a
m
ount
o
f
inc
o
min
g
v
o
lta
ge
,
it
can
a
lso
de
cre
a
se
t
he
pow
er
con
s
um
pt
io
n
a
t
t
he
i
nc
om
in
g
side.
The
fi
x
e
d
re
fer
e
nce
v
o
l
t
a
ge
w
a
s
r
edu
c
ed
a
t
perm
issib
l
e
lim
it
i
n
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
3
, S
e
p
2
0
1
9
:
130
8
– 1
316
1
316
reduc
e
t
h
e
pow
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c
onsump
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i
o
n
a
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t
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i
nc
o
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ing
si
de
.
By
d
o
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n
g
t
h
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s
op
er
ation,
t
he
D
V
R
w
il
l
ass
u
me
t
he
sy
st
em
c
ond
i
tio
n
a
s
a
v
ol
t
a
ge
s
we
ll
c
on
dit
i
o
n
th
at
o
ccu
rs
i
n
t
h
e
syst
e
m
a
n
d
w
ill
t
ry
t
o
re
d
u
ce
t
h
e
exc
e
ssiv
e
am
oun
t
o
f
i
nc
omin
g
vo
l
t
age
to
c
om
pe
nsa
t
e
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
w
e
ll
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
on.
T
h
e
re
fore
,
the
c
o
st
o
f
pow
er
con
s
um
pt
io
n o
f
t
he n
o
n
-
l
i
n
ea
r loa
d
i
s re
duce
d
a
nd t
h
e
ene
r
g
y
e
f
fi
c
i
en
c
y
o
f
t
h
e lo
ad
i
s e
nha
n
c
e
d
.
ACKNOW
LEDG
E
MEN
T
Th
is
r
ese
a
rc
h
w
a
s
sup
porte
d
by
t
he
L
o
n
g
-Te
r
m
Re
sear
c
h
G
r
a
nt
(
LR
G
S
),
M
i
n
i
s
t
r
y
of
E
du
c
a
ti
on
Ma
lays
ia
f
or
t
he
p
ro
gram
t
i
t
l
e
d
"
D
e
car
bon
isa
t
io
n
o
f
G
rid
w
i
t
h
a
n
O
p
t
i
m
a
l
C
o
nt
r
o
ller
and
Energ
y
Ma
nage
me
n
t
f
or
E
ner
g
y
S
t
orage
S
y
stem
i
n
M
i
cr
ogr
i
d
A
pp
lica
t
i
ons"
w
i
t
h
pr
oj
e
c
t
c
o
d
e
600-
IRMI
/
L
RG
S
5/3
(00
1
/
2
019)
.
The
a
u
t
h
ors
w
o
u
l
d
als
o
l
ike
to
ack
n
o
w
l
e
dge
T
he
I
nst
itu
te
o
f
Resea
r
ch
M
ana
g
em
ent
&
Inn
ova
t
i
o
n
(
I
R
MI),
U
nive
rsit
i
Te
kn
olo
g
i
M
A
R
A
(U
i
T
M),
S
h
ah
A
l
a
m,
S
elan
g
o
r,
M
ala
y
s
i
a
for
the
fa
cil
i
ties
pro
v
i
d
e
d
to
su
pp
ort
o
n
t
hi
s
rese
arc
h
.
REFE
RENCES
[1]
N. D.
Tleis,
Po
we
r
S
y
stem
s
M
o
d
e
lling a
nd Fau
l
t
An
al
ysi
s
. 20
0
8
.
[2]
K
.
H
i
n
t
o
n
,
J
.
B
a
l
i
g
a
,
M
.
F
e
n
g
,
R
.
A
y
r
e
,
a
n
d
R
.
S
.
T
u
c
k
e
r
,
"
P
o
w
e
r
c
ons
um
p
t
i
on
an
d
energ
y
ef
fici
ency
i
n
t
h
e
internet,"
IE
E
E
N
e
t
w
or
k
, v
o
l
.
25
, n
o.
2,
pp
.
6
-
1
2
,
20
11
.
[3
]
H. Zh
a
o,
Q
.
W
u
,
S
.
H
u,
H
.
Xu,
and
C.
N
. Ra
s
mu
ssen,
"
Rev
i
ew
of
e
nergy
s
t
orag
e s
y
st
em f
or win
d p
o
w
e
r
in
tegrat
io
n
su
pp
ort,
"
App
l
i
e
d en
erg
y
, v
ol
.
1
3
7
, pp
. 5
45
-5
53
,
2
0
1
5
.
[4]
S
.
K
akran
,
a
n
d
S
.
Chan
ana,
"
S
m
art
op
erati
o
n
s
o
f
smart
g
r
id
s
i
nt
egrat
e
d
w
i
t
h
d
istri
buted
g
en
eratio
n
:
A
r
evi
e
w,"
Ren
e
wabl
e an
d Sus
tain
abl
e
E
n
e
r
g
y
Revi
ews
,
v
o
l. 81
,
p
p.
5
24
-53
5
, 2
01
8.
[5
]
Y
.
Kua
n
g
,
Y
.
Z
h
an
g
,
B
.
Z
h
o
u
,
C.
L
i
,
Y
.
Cao
,
L
.
Li
,
an
d
L.
Ze
n
g
,
"
A
r
evi
e
w
o
f
r
enew
a
b
le
e
ne
rgy
ut
il
ization
in
islands,
"
Renewa
bl
e an
d S
u
s
t
ain
a
bl
e En
erg
y
Reviews
,
vo
l. 5
9
, pp
.
5
04
-5
13
20
1
6
.
[6]
N.
C
iurro,
“
H
a
rmoni
c
s
i
n
i
ndust
r
i
a
l po
w
e
r
syste
m
s,”
EC
M Ele
c
t
r.
Con
s
t
r
.
Main
t
.
,
20
09
.
[7]
A.
Ka
l
a
ir,
N.
A
bas,
A
.
R.
K
alai
r
,
Z
.
S
a
leem
,
and
N.
K
h
a
n,
"
Rev
i
e
w
o
f
h
arm
o
ni
c
a
n
al
ys
is
,
m
o
delin
g
an
d
m
i
tigat
io
n
tech
niq
u
es
,"
Renewabl
e
an
d
Susta
in
ab
le E
n
erg
y
Revi
ews
, vo
l
. 78
,
p
p. 1
15
2-1
1
8
7
,
2
01
7.
[8]
N.
R
.
Kal
a
sk
ar,
and
R.
H
ol
m
ukhe,
"R
epo
r
t o
n
P
o
w
er Co
m
pens
at
ion
and
Total
Harmonic Di
s
tort
i
on
level
Anal
ysis,
"
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l of El
ectrical
an
d
Co
mp
u
t
er
E
ngineer
in
g
,
vol.
6
,
n
o.
6
,
p
p
.
2577
,
2
0
1
6
.
[9]
D.
F
all
o
ws,
S
.
Nuzzo,
A.
C
os
tab
e
ber,
a
nd
M
.
G
a
lea,
"
H
a
rm
oni
c
re
d
u
ct
io
n
m
e
tho
d
s
f
o
r
el
ectri
c
a
l
generat
i
o
n
:
a
revi
ew,"
IET Ge
ner
a
t
i
on
,
Tr
ans
m
is
s
i
on
&
D
i
stribut
i
on
, vo
l
.
12
,
n
o
.
1
3,
pp
.
31
0
7
-
31
13
, 20
1
8
.
[10]
R
.
P
.
B
.
da
S
ilva
,
R
.
Quad
ros
,
F
.
P.
S
antilio,
L
.
C
.
P.
d
a
S
ilv
a,
B
.
C.
C
arv
a
lho
,
a
nd
A.
B
.
de
V
asc
o
ncell
o
s
,
"
Eff
ect
s
of
E
l
ectro
n
i
c
L
o
ads
on
E
l
ectri
cal
M
easu
r
e
m
en
ts
,
Po
wer
Qu
ali
t
y
a
n
d
B
il
li
ng,
"
Jou
r
n
a
l
of
Contr
o
l
,
Aut
o
m
a
tio
n
an
d
El
ectr
i
cal System
s
,
vol.
2
8
,
no.
5,
pp
.
6
54-6
6
3
, 2
01
7.
[1
1]
F
. C
. De
l
a
Ro
s
a
,
Harm
onics and
P
o
wer Syst
ems
.
20
0
6
.
[12]
J
. Arril
l
aga, “
Power quality,”
in
S
y
stem
s,
Controls
,
E
m
bed
d
ed
System
s, Ener
gy,
an
d
M
a
c
h
i
nes
,
20
1
7
.
[1
3]
M
.
H.
J
.
Bo
l
l
en
,
Under
s
t
anding power
quality pr
o
b
le
ms
: Volt
age s
a
gs
and i
n
t
e
rrup
t
ion
s
.
1
999
.
[1
4]
T
.
Kan
g
,
S
.
C
h
o
i,
A
.
S.
M
o
r
sy
,
and
P
.
N
.
E
n
jeti,
"
Series
v
o
l
t
a
ge
r
eg
ul
ator
f
or
a
d
is
tri
butio
n
trans
f
orm
e
r
t
o
com
p
ensat
e
vo
l
tage s
ag/
swell,"
I
E
E
E
Tran
sa
c
t
io
ns on
Ind
u
s
tria
l
Ele
c
tron
ic
s
,
v
o
l
.
64
,
n
o
. 6
,
p
p
. 45
0
1-4
5
1
0
, 2
01
7.
[1
5]
R
.
Kap
o
o
r
,
R
.
G
up
t
a
,
S
.
J
h
a
,
an
d
R.
K
u
m
ar,
"B
oo
st
i
n
g
perfo
rm
ance
of
p
o
w
er
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
e
ven
t
i
d
e
n
t
ificat
io
n
with
K
L
Di
vergen
ce m
easu
r
e and
s
t
and
a
rd
d
e
v
iatio
n,"
M
e
asu
r
em
ent
,
vol.
12
6,
1
34
-14
2
,
201
8.
[16]
K
.
T
h
irumala,
T
.
Ja
in,
and
A.
C
.
Umar
ika
r
,
"Vi
s
ua
li
z
i
ng
t
i
me
-varyi
ng
p
ower
q
uality
i
ndices
u
si
ng
g
enerali
zed
em
pi
rical
w
avelet t
ransf
o
rm
,"
Electr
i
c p
o
wer systems
res
e
ar
ch
,
v
o
l
.
1
43
,
pp
.
9
9
-1
0
9
,
20
17
.
[17
]
A
.
S
h
arma,
B.
S
.
Raj
puro
h
it,
a
nd
S
.
N
.
Si
ng
h
,
"
A
revi
ew
o
n
eco
no
m
i
cs
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
al
it
y
:
I
m
p
act,
ass
e
ss
m
e
nt
a
n
d
mi
tigat
ion,"
R
e
n
e
wa
ble
and
Su
stai
na
bl
e
En
ergy Reviews
,
vol.
88,
p
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3
63
-37
2
,
2
0
1
8.
s
[1
8]
J
. Arril
l
aga, B.
C
.
S
mit
h
, N.
R.
W
a
t
so
n
, and
A
.
R
. Wo
o
d
,
Pow
e
r
sy
ste
m
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
an
aly
s
is
. 2
01
3
.
[19]
P
.
Li,
L
.
X
ie,
J.
H
an,
S
.
P
ang
,
a
nd
P
.
L
i,
"
A
new
v
o
l
t
age
com
p
ensa
t
i
o
n
p
h
i
l
o
so
ph
y
f
o
r
dy
nam
i
c
vo
lt
age
resto
r
er
t
o
m
i
tig
ate
vo
lt
age
sag
s
u
sin
g
t
hre
e
-p
hase
v
ol
tage
e
l
l
i
p
s
e
p
aram
et
ers,
"
I
E
E
E
T
r
an
s
a
c
t
i
o
ns
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
ni
cs
,
vo
l.
33,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
15
4-1
166
,
2
0
1
8
.
[20
]
P
.
Kumari
a
nd
V
.
K
.
Garg
,
“
S
im
ul
a
t
i
o
n
of
D
ynam
i
c
Vo
lt
age
R
estorer
Usi
ng
M
at
lab
t
o
E
nhance
Power
Quality
i
n
Di
st
ribu
ti
on
S
ystem
,
”
In
t.
J
.
E
ng.
Res.
A
ppl.
,
vo
l
. 3
,
n
o.
4
,
p
p
.
1
4
3
6–
14
41
,
2
0
1
3
.
[21
]
A
.
Kazem
i
and
A
.
A
zhdas
t
,
“
I
mpl
e
men
t
atio
n
of
a
c
on
trol
s
tr
at
e
g
y
f
o
r
dyn
amic
v
ol
tag
e
r
est
o
rer(D
V
R)
a
n
d
dyn
am
ic
vo
lt
age co
mp
ensato
r(D
V
C),”
2
009 IEEE/P
ES
Power
Sys
t
.
Conf.
E
x
po
.
P
S
CE
2009
,
no
.
Dv
c,
p
p.
1
–
6
,
2
00
9.
[22
]
H
.
Ezo
j
i
,
A
.
Reza,
M
.
S
h
ahv
e
rdi
,
A
.
G
h
at
resam
a
n
i
,
an
d
M
.
H
o
s
e
i
n
,
“
Hy
ste
r
e
s
is
V
o
lta
ge
C
on
tro
l
o
f
DVR
Ba
se
d
on
Unipo
l
ar
P
WM,” i
n
Ap
p
l
ic
at
io
ns
of
MA
TL
AB
in
Sc
ie
nc
e
a
n
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
ing
,
In
T
ech,
2
011
.
[2
3]
D
. K.
Cha
t
urv
e
d
i
,
M
o
d
e
lin
g
and
s
i
mulati
on o
f
system
s usi
ng
MA
TLAB® a
nd si
mulin
k
®
. 2
01
7
.
[24
]
F
.
A.
L
.
J
o
wd
e
r
,
“
M
od
elin
g
and
s
i
m
u
l
a
ti
on
o
f
Dy
nam
i
c
V
o
l
t
a
ge
R
es
torer
(DVR)
based
on
h
yst
e
resis
vol
t
age
con
t
ro
l,”
IE
CON
P
r
oc
.
(
I
nd
ustri
a
l
El
ectr
o
n
.
Con
f
.
,
p
p
.
1
72
6–1
73
1,
200
7.
[
2
5
]
S
.
R
a
j
e
s
h
,
M.
K. M
i
s
hr
a,
S
. M
.
I
e
ee,
and
K.
S
r
i
dhar
,
“
D
e
si
g
n
and S
i
m
u
l
a
ti
on
o
f
D
y
n
a
m
i
c V
o
l
t
age Resto
r
er ( D
VR
)
Us
in
g
Si
nus
o
i
da
l
P
u
lse W
i
dth
Mod
u
latio
n
(
S
P
WM
)
,
”
p
p
.
317
–322
,
2
010
.
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