Internati
o
nal
Journal of P
o
wer Elect
roni
cs an
d
Drive
S
y
ste
m
(I
JPE
D
S)
V
o
l. 5,
N
o
.
1
,
Ju
ly 20
14
, pp
. 12
9
~
13
4
I
S
SN
: 208
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6
9
4
1
29
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJPEDS
Application of AGPU
for Matrix Converters
Nithin T
Abraham, C.A Pr
adeep
Kum
a
r, Shaem
a
Liz
b
eth Mathew
Departem
ent
of
Ele
c
tri
cal
and
E
l
ectron
i
cs
Eng
i
ne
ering,
Karun
y
a
Univers
i
t
y
,
Coi
m
b
atore,
Tam
i
l
Nadu, Indi
a
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Dec 11, 2013
Rev
i
sed
May 25
, 20
14
Accepte
d
J
u
n 2, 2014
A simple PI con
t
rol loop for th
e matrix
conver
t
er s
y
stem is designed in th
e
sim
u
lation to
m
a
intain
a
constan
t
output
vo
ltag
e
inspite of
an
y
dis
t
urbance in
the source. The single phase matrix
converter emplo
y
s a modified safe-
com
m
u
tation str
a
teg
y
,
which
res
u
lts in
the
elim
i
n
ation of
volt
a
g
e
spikes on
switches, witho
u
t the need of a snubber
circuit when there is an inductive
load being utilized. Th
is
is facilitated through
the proper switching contro
l
algorithm. Th
e
sine PWM pulses are ge
ner
a
ted
as switching pulses to the
converter to
r
e
d
u
ce the
THD.
Keyword:
Matrix
Conv
erter,
si
nus
oi
dal
P
W
M
,
Avi
a
t
i
o
n gr
o
u
n
d
po
we
r uni
t
,
PI
con
t
r
o
l l
o
op.
Copyright ©
201
x Institute of Ad
vanced
Engineering and Scien
c
e.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Nith
in
T Abrah
a
m
,
Depa
rtem
ent of Electrical a
n
d
El
ect
ro
ni
cs E
n
gi
nee
r
i
n
g,
Karun
y
a Un
iv
ersity,
C
o
i
m
bat
o
re,Ta
m
i
l
Nadu,
I
ndi
a
Em
a
il: n
ith
in
th
a
m
arav
elil@gmail.co
m
1.
INTRODUCTION
The topol
ogy
was first introduced
by Gyugyi and Pelly [1
] in 1976.
In 1980, Ve
nturini and Alesina
descri
bed i
t
as a general
i
zed t
r
ansform
e
r – a bi
di
rec
t
i
onal
si
nusoi
dal
wav
e
form
frequen
c
y
convert
er [
2
]
.
The
si
ngl
e phase v
e
rsi
on cal
l
e
d the Si
ngl
e-p
h
as
e M
a
t
r
i
x
C
onvert
er (SPM
C
)
was fi
rst
i
n
t
r
od
uced by
Zuc
k
e
r
ber
g
er
[3]
,
based on
t
h
e di
rect
A
C
-AC
convert
er.St
a
t
i
c
powe
r
conve
rt
ers are used fo
r
m
a
ny
appl
i
cati
ons, l
i
k
e
freq
u
ency
con
v
erters for m
o
tors, u
n
interru
p
tible power
suppl
i
e
s, (UPS),
general
po
wer suppl
i
e
s and al
so fo
r
Gro
u
n
d
P
o
we
r
Units (GP
U
)
f
o
r airplanes.A
n
e
w co
ntrol stra
tegy
for a
G
r
o
u
nd
Po
wer
Unit
(GPU
) is
pr
op
o
s
ed,
whi
c
h i
s
used
for ai
rpl
a
nes o
n
t
h
e gro
u
n
d
[
4
]
.
The cont
rol
i
s
perform
ed
by
a PW
M
-
m
odul
at
or and a v
o
l
t
a
ge
cont
rol
l
e
r. It
i
s
concl
ude
d f
r
o
m
t
h
e experim
e
nt
s, t
h
at
t
h
e new cont
r
o
l
l
e
r g
i
ves a hi
gh
out
put
per
f
o
r
m
a
nce bot
h
stationary and dynamic, at
linear
an
d
non
-lin
ear lo
ad
s.In
th
is p
a
p
e
r, a SPMC with a m
odified
safe-
com
m
u
t
a
t
i
on techni
que t
h
at
g
i
ves an o
u
t
put
of
11
0V/
4
00
H
z
, i
s
desi
gned.
As t
h
i
s
m
odi
fied safe-com
m
u
t
a
ti
on
schem
e
pro
v
i
d
es a cont
i
n
u
o
u
s
curre
nt
pat
h
i
n
dea
d
t
i
m
e
al
so, i
t
el
im
i
n
at
es vol
t
a
ge s
p
i
k
es on
swi
t
c
hes w
i
t
hout
t
h
e need fo
r a snub
ber ci
rcui
t
.
The ope
rat
i
on and
basi
c behavi
ou
r of t
h
e
sam
e
i
s
exam
ined t
h
r
o
u
gh co
m
put
er
sim
u
l
a
t
i
on. A vol
t
a
ge cont
rol
l
er gi
ves t
h
e inp
u
t
t
o
t
h
e
m
o
dul
at
or, w
h
i
c
h
cont
rol
s
t
h
e con
v
ert
e
r. The Si
ngl
e
Phase M
a
t
r
i
x
C
onvert
er, f
o
r
vol
t
a
ge appl
i
c
at
i
ons l
i
k
e
t
h
e AGPUs, re
qu
i
r
es st
ep-chang
ed freq
u
ency
, and/
o
r
vari
abl
e
am
pl
itude.
2.
AVI
ATIO
N
GRO
U
ND
P
O
WER
UN
IT
An
Av
iatio
n
Grou
nd
Po
wer Un
it sup
p
lies airp
lan
e
s
with external
electrical
power,
d
u
ri
ng st
o
p
o
v
er
in
airp
o
r
ts.
Its
ap
p
licatio
n
is p
r
esen
tly well-estab
lish
e
d
in
airp
o
r
ts all o
v
e
r th
e wo
rld
,
primari
l
y d
u
e
to
airp
o
r
t
reg
u
l
atio
n
s
th
at req
u
i
re th
e tran
sitio
n
to
ex
tern
al p
o
w
er
i
n
o
r
der t
o
red
u
ce a
c
oust
i
c
noi
se and ai
r p
o
l
l
u
t
i
on from
j
e
t en
g
i
n
e
s. GPUs h
a
v
e
bo
th
b
een
bu
ilt a
s
ro
tatin
g
m
o
t
o
r-g
e
n
e
rato
r syste
m
s an
d
re
cen
tly
as so
l
i
d
-state
conve
rters. The solid-state solution ha
s been accepted as a
standard, due to
low m
a
intenance, lower pric
e, high
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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. 1
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ly 20
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–
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34
13
0
reliability and efficiency. T
h
is in
creases cont
i
nuo
usl
y
the dem
a
nds of adva
ncem
ent i
n
t
h
e GPU.
Th
e
devel
opm
ent
of GP
Us i
s
ben
e
fi
t
e
d from
t
h
e devel
opm
ent of m
i
cro-cont
rol
l
e
rs and
po
wer sem
i
cond
uct
o
rs
.
W
i
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
ous com
put
ati
onal
power
, di
gi
t
a
l
cont
rol
uni
t
s
are becom
i
ng
m
u
ch fast
er, m
o
re advance
d
an
d l
o
w
price. GPUs
have a nee
d
for great com
puta
t
ional powe
r,
because of the 400 Hz
fundam
e
ntal frequency a
nd the
in
creasin
g
d
e
man
d
s
o
f
th
e
GPUs. Th
e h
i
gh
fu
nd
amen
tal freq
u
e
n
c
y resu
lts in
a lo
w
ratio
between
th
e swi
t
ch
in
g
freq
u
ency
(2-
1
0 kHz i
n
t
h
e pr
esent
power ra
nge) o
f
t
h
e con
v
ert
e
r and t
h
e fun
d
am
ent
a
l
o
u
t
put
freq
u
enc
y
(400
Hz). Exi
s
t
i
ng sy
stem
s have been equi
p
p
ed wi
t
h
opt
i
m
i
z
ed
m
odul
at
i
on schem
e
s
l
i
k
e si
ne pul
se wi
dt
h
m
odul
ati
on and equal
pul
se wi
dt
h
m
odul
at
i
on schem
e
, whi
c
h
m
i
nim
i
ze t
h
e har
m
oni
c di
st
ort
i
on. Th
us, t
h
e
need for
filtering is re
duced a
nd sm
al
ler filter com
ponents are sufficient.
3.
MAT
R
I
X
CO
NVE
RTER F
O
R AG
PU
Fi
gu
re 1
sh
o
w
s t
h
e
bl
ock
di
agram
of t
h
e S
P
M
C
. The fre
q
u
ency
of
t
h
e i
n
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge i
s
m
odul
ated i
n
t
h
e SPM
C
.
Thus, t
h
e o
u
t
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge i
s
obt
ai
ned wi
t
h
a st
ep-
c
hange
d fre
que
ncy
and vari
abl
e
am
pl
it
ude. The LC
input filter is
r
e
quired to reduce the
switching ripple in an input current.
F
i
gure 2 shows the
m
a
tlab sim
u
lation
ci
rcui
t
of t
h
e
SPM
C
.
It
uses
fo
ur
bi
-di
r
ect
i
onal
swi
t
c
hes
t
o
serve as
an
SPM
C
.
Thi
s
arrangem
e
nt
has t
h
e
advant
age o
f
an i
ndepen
d
ent
cont
rol
of t
h
e curre
nt
i
n
bot
h d
i
rect
i
ons. Si
nce t
h
ese bi
di
rectional
swi
t
c
hes are not
available at present, they are
substituted with two diodes and tw
o IGBT’s, connected
a
n
ti-parallel.
IGBTs are use
d
because of their high switching cap
a
b
ilit
i
e
s and high current carrying
capabilit
ies,
lead
in
g
to
h
i
gh p
o
wer app
licat
io
n
s
. Diod
es are in
clu
d
e
d
to
pro
v
i
d
e
th
e
rev
e
rse v
o
ltag
e
b
l
ock
i
n
g
cap
ab
ilit
y.
Fi
gu
re
1.
B
l
oc
k
di
ag
ram
of S
P
M
C
Figu
re 2. Matlab
sim
u
latio
n
Circu
it d
i
ag
ram
o
f
Sing
le Phase
Matrix
Conv
erter
Im
p
l
e
m
en
tin
g
th
is SPMC req
u
ires d
i
fferen
t
switc
hi
ng arra
ngem
e
nt
s based on t
h
e desi
re
d am
pl
it
ude
and fre
quency
.
The am
pli
t
ude of t
h
e out
pu
t
vol
t
a
ge i
s
cont
rol
l
e
d by
vary
i
ng t
h
e
m
odul
at
i
on i
ndex of t
h
e
si
ne/
e
qual
PWM
pul
ses, an
d t
h
e fre
quen
c
y
of t
h
e
out
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge depends
on t
h
e
swi
t
c
hi
ng st
rat
e
gy
.
Furt
herm
ore, i
f
i
nduct
i
v
e l
o
ads are used, a change i
n
i
n
st
ant
a
neous curre
nt
across t
h
e i
nduct
a
nce wi
l
l
prod
uce
larg
e v
o
ltag
e
sp
ik
es, th
at will
d
e
stro
y switch
e
s in
u
s
e,
due to stress. A syste
m
a
tic
swi
t
ching se
quence i
s
t
h
u
s
req
u
i
red, th
at allo
ws fo
r th
e
en
erg
y
flo
w
ing in
th
e IGBTs to
d
i
ssip
a
te with
in
th
e sys
t
e
m
. In
th
is p
a
p
e
r, th
e
freq
u
ency
of t
h
e i
nput
v
o
l
t
a
ge i
s
t
a
ken as
50Hz
,
and t
h
e
desi
red out
p
u
t
freq
u
ency
i
s
assum
e
d
t
o
be 40
0Hz
.
The swi
t
c
hi
ng
st
rat
e
gi
es for t
h
i
s
desi
red out
p
u
t
freq
u
ency
i
s
gi
ven f
u
rt
her
i
n
det
a
i
l
for bet
t
e
r u
nderst
a
n
d
i
n
g.
4.
SWITCHING STRA
TEGY
The o
p
erat
i
o
n
of t
h
e SPM
C
can be expl
ai
ne
d i
n
fo
ur m
odes as show
n i
n
f
i
gure 3. T
h
e de
si
red out
p
u
t
freq
u
ency
i
s
t
h
en sy
nt
hesi
zed by
t
h
e pr
oper s
e
quenci
n
g o
f
t
h
ese fo
ur m
odes.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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App
lica
tio
n o
f
AGPU for Ma
trix Co
n
v
erters
(Nith
in
T Ab
rah
a
m)
13
1
(a
)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Fi
gu
re
3.
Eq
ui
val
e
nt
C
i
rc
ui
t
s
fo
r
(a) M
o
de-
1
, (
b
)
M
o
de-
2
,
(
c
) M
o
de
-3
, (
d
)
M
ode
-4
The sequence
of t
h
e swi
t
c
hi
ng cont
rol
fo
r an out
p
u
t
freque
ncy
of 40
0Hz
wi
t
hout
safe comm
u
t
ati
on i
s
gi
ven i
n
Ta
bl
e 1.
Tabl
e 1. Seq
u
e
n
ce of
S
w
i
t
c
hi
ng
C
o
nt
r
o
l
Input
frequency
Output
frequency
Mode
Switc
h
e
s
on
50Hz
40
0Hz
1
S1a
&
S4a
2
S2b
&
S3b
1
S1a
&
S4a
2
S2b
&
S3b
1
S1a
&
S4a
2
S2b
&
S3b
1
S1a
&
S4a
2
S2b
&
S3b
3
S2a
&
S3a
4
S1b
&
S4b
3
S2a
&
S3a
4
S1b
&
S4b
3
S2a
&
S3a
4
S1b
&
S4b
3
S2a
&
S3a
4
S1b
&
S4b
To generat
e
sinusoi
dal
PW
M
si
gnal
s
for t
h
e swi
t
c
hes
of t
h
e
m
a
t
r
i
x
convert
er, a
m
odel i
s
devel
oped
,
and t
h
e
sam
e
is sho
w
n
as a
s
e
parat
e
subsy
s
t
e
m
i
n
Fi
gure
4
.
The st
at
e sel
ect
or si
gnal
por
t
i
on im
pl
em
ents t
h
e
operat
i
on
of t
h
e requi
red s
w
i
t
c
hi
ng st
at
e of Tabl
e 1. Here
,
t
h
e square wa
v
e
pul
se represe
n
t
s
t
h
e desi
red out
p
u
t
freq
u
ency
, whi
c
h i
s
generat
e
d by
t
h
e "pul
se generat
o
r"
bl
ock. The fi
nal
swi
t
c
hi
ng pat
t
e
rn f
o
r t
h
e SP
M
C
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
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I
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o
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,
No
. 1
,
Ju
ly 20
14
:
129
–
1
34
13
2
p
r
od
u
c
ed
, b
y
m
u
lt
ip
ly
in
g
the o
u
t
pu
t fro
m
th
e SPW
M
gen
e
rato
r with
th
e state se
lec
t
o
r
sig
n
a
l, u
s
i
n
g
th
e
"m
ul
ti
pl
y" bl
ock. Each
out
p
u
t
from
t
h
e "pul
se generat
o
r" i
s
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
i
e
d wi
t
h
bot
h
out
p
u
t
s
fr
om
t
h
e SP
W
M
.
Fi
gu
re
4.
F
o
ur
su
bsy
s
t
e
m
s
t
o
gene
rat
e
Si
ne
P
W
M
pul
se
s
5.
RESULTS
A
N
D
DI
SC
US
S
I
ONS
Th
e sim
u
lati
o
n
resu
lts
o
f
t
h
e SPMC fo
r
R an
d
RL Load
s withou
t an
d
with
safe co
mm
u
t
a
tio
n
st
rat
e
gy
i
s
di
scusse
d bel
o
w.
5.
1. Si
mul
a
ti
o
n
Res
u
l
t
s
of
the SPM
C
fo
r
R Loa
d
Figur
e
5. Ou
tpu
t
v
o
ltage fo
r
R
Lo
ad
:
40
0 H
z
5.
2.
Simul
a
tio
n
Res
u
lts
o
f
t
h
e SP
MC
f
o
r
R
L
Loa
d
w
i
th
o
u
t s
a
fe
c
o
mm
uta
t
io
n
The single pha
s
e
m
a
trix converter for RL load w
ith
ou
t safe co
mmu
ta
tio
n
d
e
liv
ers an
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
as sh
own
in the wav
e
fo
rm
b
e
lo
w in
th
e
fig
u
re.6
fo
r 40
0
Hz co
n
s
ist o
f
spik
e with
m
a
g
n
i
tu
d
e
up
to
ten
ti
mes
hi
gher t
h
a
n
t
h
e norm
a
l
out
put
vol
t
a
ge wh
i
c
h needs t
o
be el
im
i
n
at
ed
by
fol
l
o
wi
n
g
a safe com
m
u
t
a
ti
on
t
echni
que wi
t
h
out
en
gagi
ng
a
separat
e
snub
b
e
r ci
rcui
t
.
Fi
gu
re
6.
O
u
t
p
ut
v
o
l
t
a
ge
o
f
R
L
Loa
d
wi
t
h
ou
t
safe c
o
m
m
ut
at
i
on st
rat
e
gy
:
4
0
0
Hz
0
0.
005
0.
01
0.
0
1
5
0.
0
2
0.
02
5
0.
0
3
0.
03
5
0.
04
-
250
-
200
-
150
-
100
-5
0
0
50
10
0
15
0
20
0
25
0
tim
e
in
s
e
c
s
outpu
t vo
l
tage
i
n vo
l
ts
0
0.
00
5
0.
0
1
0.
0
1
5
0.
0
2
0.
0
2
5
0.
0
3
0.
0
3
5
0.
04
-30
0
0
-20
0
0
-10
0
0
0
10
00
20
00
30
00
tim
e
in
s
e
c
s
out
p
u
t
vo
l
ta
g
e
i
n vo
l
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PED
S
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S
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:
208
8-8
6
9
4
App
lica
tio
n o
f
AGPU for Ma
trix Co
n
v
erters
(Nith
in
T Ab
rah
a
m)
13
3
5.
3.
Simulat
i
on R
e
sult
s
of
open loo
p
simu
link model with disturb
a
nce
in AG
PU
Fi
gu
re 7.
O
u
t
p
ut
v
o
l
t
a
ge wa
v
e
fo
rm
of ope
n l
o
o
p
wi
t
h
di
st
u
r
ba
nce
5.
4.
Simulation Res
u
lts
of cl
osed l
o
op sim
u
link m
o
del w
i
th disturb
a
nc
e in AGP
U
Fi
gu
re
8.
O
u
t
p
ut
v
o
l
t
a
ge
wa
v
e
fo
rm
of cl
ose
d
l
o
o
p
wi
t
h
di
s
t
ur
bance
6.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
Thus t
h
e out
p
u
t
vol
t
a
ge wavefo
rm
shown
i
n
fi
gure.8 i
s
sui
t
a
bl
e for t
h
e avi
oni
cs use due t
o
i
t
s
consi
s
t
e
ncy
even du
ri
ng t
h
e
di
st
ort
i
ons. Al
so t
h
e out
p
u
t
vol
t
a
ge rm
s w
i
t
h
a
m
a
gni
t
ude of 1
1
0
V
/
4
0
0
H
z i
s
obt
ai
ned t
o
su
ppl
y
t
h
e ai
rpl
a
nes duri
n
g st
o
p
o
v
ers at
t
h
e
ai
rport
s
. The S
i
ngl
e Phase Mat
r
i
x
C
onvert
er, wi
t
h
Si
nusoi
dal
pul
s
e
wi
dt
h
m
odul
at
i
on swi
t
c
hi
ng t
echni
ques, ha
s been used
wi
t
h
for R
and R
L
l
o
ads. The s
p
i
k
es
g
e
n
e
rated
in
the o
u
t
pu
t v
o
ltage d
u
r
ing
switch
tran
sitio
n
s
,
are reduce
d
wi
t
h
a
safe
com
m
u
t
ati
on st
rat
e
gy
, w
h
i
c
h
pro
v
i
d
es a co
nt
i
nuo
us cur
r
ent
pat
h
i
n
dead
t
i
m
e, wi
t
hout
a snu
bber ci
rcui
t
.
The sim
u
l
a
ti
on usi
ng t
h
i
s
si
m
p
l
e
PI
cont
rol
st
ruct
u
r
e i
s
carri
ed o
u
t
,
t
o
ve
ri
fy
t
h
e consi
s
t
e
ncy
of t
h
e
out
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
ge. Al
so, t
h
e pr
o
posed
st
ruct
ur
e
p
r
ov
id
es a co
mp
act so
lu
tio
n
with
n
o
DC lin
k
.
REFERE
NC
ES
[1]
L.G
y
ug
y
i
and
B
.
R.Pelly
,
Static
Power Frequ
e
n
cy Chang
ers: Theory,
Performa
nce and
Applica
tion
. New York:
Wiley
,
1976.
[2]
Nithin T Abraham,
K Vinoth Ku
mar,
Vicky
jo
s
e
, Dona maria Mathew, S.suresh kumar, “
SAR Alg
o
rithm Method in
Photovoltaic Syst
ems Using MP
PT”,
in Internat
ional journ
a
l of P
o
wer electron
i
cs
and drives
s
y
s
t
em
s
(IJP
E
DS
),
Vol 3,no
4, December 2013, pp
:4
38-443.
[3]
M.
Venturini and A.
Alesina
, “The generalized tr
ansformer: A ne
w bidirec
tiona
l sinusoidal waveform
frequency
converter with
continuously
adju
s
table
input pow
er factor
,”
in
Pr
oc.
IEEE PESC
1980
, pp
. 242-2
52.
[4]
A.Zuckerb
e
rger
, D.Weinstock and A.Alexandro
v
itz,
“Single-ph
ase matrix converter,”
in P
r
oc.
Ins
t
. El
ectr
i
c
a
l
Engineering
Electric Power App
lication
,
1997
, V
o
l. 144
, pp
. 235-
240.
[5]
Uffe
Borup Je
nse
n
,
Morte
n
Pe
te
r Ra
smusse
n,
,
T
onny
Morte
n
se
n
. “A New Control Method for
400 Hz Ground
Powe
r
Units for Airplane
s”,
I
E
EE 1998, pp. 464-
470.
[6]
R.Baharom, Hasim
M.
K.
Hamzah,
Omar,
“A ne
w single-phase contro
lled rectifier using SPMC
,” IEE
E
P
E
Con
2006, pp
. 453-4
58.
[7]
Kwon, B.-H.,
Min,
B.-D., Kim, J.-H.,
"
N
o
v
el Commutation
Technique o
f
AC-AC Converters,"
El
ectr
i
c
P
o
wer
Application, (e)
EE Proc
eedin
gs-, Vol. 145
(4), July
1998, pp. 295
-300.
0
0.
1
0.
2
0.
3
0.
4
0.
5
0.
6
0.
7
0.
8
0.
9
1
0
50
100
150
200
250
out
put
r
m
s
vol
t
a
ge
0
0.
1
0.
2
0.
3
0.
4
0.
5
0.
6
0.
7
0.
8
0.
9
1
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
ti
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
s
out
put
r
m
s
vol
t
a
g
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-86
94
I
J
PED
S
V
o
l. 5
,
No
. 1
,
Ju
ly 20
14
:
129
–
1
34
13
4
BIOGRAP
HI
ES
OF AUTH
ORS
Nithin T.Abr
a
ha
m
received his
B.Te
ch. deg
r
ee
in Ele
c
tri
c
a
l
and
Elec
troni
cs
Engineer
ing from
Karun
y
a Unive
r
sit
y
, Co
im
bator
e
,
Tam
i
l
Nadu,
India
.
Presen
tl
y h
e
is pursuin
g M.Te
ch
in
Renewable Ener
g
y
Technologies
from Karun
y
a
University
, Coimbat
ore, Tamil
Nadu, India. His
pres
ent res
ear
ch
interes
t
s
are Ne
ural Networks
and F
u
zz
y
Logi
c,
S
p
ecial m
achin
es
, Applica
tion
of Soft Computing Technique, So
lar PV bas
e
d p
o
wer gen
e
ration.
C.A P
r
adeep Kum
a
r receiv
e
d his
B.Tech
. degr
ee
in Ele
c
tri
cal
and
Elec
tronics
Eng
i
neer
ing from
park co
lleg
e
of
engineering
and
techno
log
y
, Co
im
batore,
Tam
i
l
Nadu, Ind
i
a.
Presentl
y h
e
is
pursuing M.Tech in Renewable Energ
y
Techno
logies from
Karun
y
a Univ
ersit
y
, Coim
batore,
Tam
il Nadu
, Ind
i
a.
His
pres
en
t r
e
s
earch
in
teres
t
s
are Application
of So
ft Computing Technique,
H
y
brid
vehicles, Renewab
l
e en
er
g
y
.
S
h
aem
a
Li
zbe
t
h M
a
thew
rec
e
iv
e
d
her engin
eerin
g
degre
e
in
El
ec
tric
al and Ele
c
tr
onics
from
Federal
Institu
te of Sci
e
nce
and
Technolog
y
(F
ISAT), Ern
a
kulam
in 2011
. She
is pursuing her
master’s degree in Renewable Energ
y
Technolo
g
ies from Karun
y
a
University
,
Coimbatore. Her
field
of
interest concerns the
pho
tovolta
ic
power
and MATLAB
coding.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.