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Vo
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1
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Ma
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201
7
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2
5
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261
256
P
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m
o
to
r
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
s
tr
en
g
th
s
o
f
th
e
P
Ms,
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
it is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
an
al
y
s
e
P
M
d
em
a
g
n
etiza
tio
n
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
a
n
e
w
d
esi
g
n
m
o
to
r
.
I
n
h
ar
s
h
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
,
h
ig
h
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
p
er
atio
n
esp
ec
iall
y
at
h
ig
h
s
p
ee
d
r
eg
io
n
,
h
ig
h
ar
m
atu
r
e
r
ea
ctio
n
an
d
h
ig
h
d
en
s
it
y
P
M
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
m
a
y
ca
u
s
e
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
d
ec
lin
e
[
5
]
,
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
P
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d
em
a
g
n
etiza
tio
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al
y
s
i
s
o
n
a
n
e
w
d
esi
g
n
o
f
o
u
ter
-
r
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r
HE
FS
M
w
it
h
1
2
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s
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1
4
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p
o
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n
f
i
g
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h
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al
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r
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ied
o
u
t
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n
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A
o
f
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MA
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-
De
s
ig
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er
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o
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t
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h
e
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ter
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n
d
p
er
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o
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m
a
n
ce
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
is
tab
u
la
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
r
o
s
s
s
ec
tio
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al
v
ie
w
o
f
f
i
n
al
d
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g
n
o
u
ter
-
r
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r
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T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
Sp
ec
if
icatio
n
s
a
n
d
P
er
f
o
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m
an
ce
s
o
f
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u
ter
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p
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t
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t
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r
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e
i
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t
kg
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g
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t
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r
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me
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h
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m
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m
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/
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4
0
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a
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m
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e
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0
8
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x
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m
u
m
p
o
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e
r
kW
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.
2
R
o
t
o
r
me
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h
a
n
i
c
a
l
s
t
r
e
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t
max
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sp
e
e
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M
p
a
3
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m
u
m
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r
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e
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s
i
t
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m/
k
g
1
2
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4
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
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o
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r
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n
si
t
y
k
W
/
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g
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9
3
M
o
t
o
r
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
o
v
e
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mo
st
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r
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t
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o
i
n
t
%
88
2.
DE
M
AG
NE
T
I
Z
A
T
I
O
N
E
F
F
E
CT
O
F
P
E
RM
ANEN
T
M
AG
N
E
T
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
o
f
ea
c
h
P
M
d
e
m
a
g
n
e
tizatio
n
is
d
is
s
i
m
ilar
w
h
ic
h
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
ch
e
m
ical
co
n
s
tit
u
tio
n
an
d
cr
y
s
ta
l
s
tr
u
c
t
u
r
e
o
f
th
eir
m
ater
ial.
I
n
n
o
r
m
a
l
s
itu
a
tio
n
o
f
d
esi
g
n
in
g
m
ac
h
i
n
e
w
h
er
e
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
P
M
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
,
h
ig
h
en
er
g
y
P
M
w
ill
b
e
u
s
e
d
.
I
n
m
o
s
t
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
s
es
p
ec
iall
y
in
e
lectr
i
c
v
eh
ic
le,
th
e
Neo
d
y
m
i
u
m
m
ag
n
et
is
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
h
ig
h
e
n
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
Se
v
er
al
d
e
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
f
ac
to
r
s
m
a
y
en
co
u
n
ter
i
n
ir
r
ev
er
s
ib
le
d
em
a
g
n
etiza
tio
n
th
at
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
e
ap
p
lied
ar
ea
s
an
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
n
th
e
f
ield
o
f
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
icle,
th
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
a
n
d
th
e
e
x
ter
n
al
m
ag
n
etic
f
ie
ld
o
f
P
M
is
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
in
ir
r
ev
er
s
ib
le
d
e
m
a
g
n
e
tizati
o
n
o
f
P
M,
w
h
ile
c
h
e
m
ical,
v
ib
r
atio
n
an
d
ag
i
n
g
d
e
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
ar
e
n
o
t
p
r
o
m
i
n
en
t
to
P
M
d
e
m
ag
n
etiz
atio
n
.
W
h
e
n
s
u
b
j
ec
ted
to
ex
ter
n
al
m
a
g
n
etic
f
ield
s
a
n
d
/o
r
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
c
h
an
g
es,
th
e
m
a
g
n
etic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
PMs
m
a
y
c
h
an
g
e,
lead
in
g
to
d
e
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
m
a
y
af
f
ec
t
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
s
u
c
h
m
ac
h
i
n
es.
I
t
is
th
er
ef
o
r
e
v
er
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
tak
e
th
i
s
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
o
n
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
wh
en
d
esi
g
n
in
g
s
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ch
m
ac
h
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e
s
.
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n
o
th
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c
ir
cu
m
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t
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i
f
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m
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d
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to
t
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d
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m
a
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n
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tio
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f
au
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m
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8
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A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f P
erma
n
en
t Ma
g
n
e
t D
ema
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n
etiz
a
tio
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ffect
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h
ma
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)
257
u
n
b
ala
n
ce
d
m
ag
n
etic
p
u
ll
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
v
ib
r
atio
n
t
h
at
lead
t
o
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
n
o
is
e.
P
M
d
e
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
m
a
y
o
cc
u
r
esp
ec
iall
y
i
n
h
i
g
h
lo
ad
s
o
r
d
u
e
to
ar
m
at
u
r
e
r
ea
ctio
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
r
ap
id
ch
a
n
g
e
to
s
tatic
co
n
d
itio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
P
M
u
s
ed
i
n
m
o
t
o
r
d
esig
n
is
e
s
s
e
n
tial
to
p
r
ev
en
t
t
h
e
P
M
f
r
o
m
d
e
m
ag
n
etiz
atio
n
e
f
f
ec
t.
I
n
th
i
s
an
al
y
s
is
,
t
h
e
d
e
m
ag
n
etiza
t
io
n
ef
f
ec
t
i
s
i
n
v
esti
g
ated
a
t
v
ar
io
u
s
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
i
n
w
h
ic
h
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
at
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
e
n
s
it
y
an
d
m
ax
i
m
u
m
s
p
ee
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
it
y
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e,
t
h
en
t
h
e
f
l
u
x
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
i
s
clo
s
er
to
th
e
k
n
ee
p
o
in
t
.
3.
B
-
H
CURV
E
O
F
NE
O
M
AX
-
3
5
AH
CH
ARAC
T
E
RI
ST
I
C
S
T
h
e
B
-
H
cu
r
v
e
o
f
NE
OM
A
X
-
3
5
A
H
P
M
u
s
ed
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
I
t
is
clea
r
ly
s
h
o
w
n
th
a
t
th
e
B
-
H
c
u
r
v
e
ca
n
b
e
s
ap
er
ated
in
to
t
h
r
ee
r
eg
i
o
n
w
it
h
th
e
ir
o
w
n
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic.
R
eg
io
n
1
is
i
n
b
et
w
ee
n
o
f
n
o
r
m
al
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
t
an
d
th
e
k
n
ee
p
o
in
t,
w
h
i
le
R
e
g
io
n
2
i
s
t
h
e
n
ar
r
o
w
r
eg
io
n
w
h
en
t
h
e
f
l
u
x
b
eh
av
io
r
s
u
d
d
en
l
y
c
h
an
g
e
d
u
e
to
s
o
m
e
a
n
y
f
au
lt
o
cc
u
r
o
n
P
M
an
d
R
eg
io
n
3
is
h
ap
p
en
w
h
e
n
m
u
ch
n
e
g
ativ
e
cu
r
r
en
t i
n
j
ec
ted
in
to
th
e
m
o
to
r
th
at
ca
u
s
e
th
e
f
l
u
x
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
i
n
p
ar
allel
w
ith
R
eg
io
n
1
.
No
r
m
a
l
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
t
s
ar
e
t
h
e
p
o
in
t
w
h
e
n
th
er
e
i
s
n
o
m
a
g
n
et
ic
d
en
s
it
y
,
w
h
ile
th
e
f
l
u
x
d
en
s
it
y
i
s
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
o
n
y
-
a
x
i
s
w
h
ich
in
te
r
s
ec
t
at
ze
r
o
m
a
g
n
et
ic
d
en
s
it
y
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
k
n
ee
p
o
in
t
is
a
p
o
i
n
t
w
h
er
e
f
lu
x
s
tar
t
to
c
h
an
g
e
it
s
b
eh
av
io
r
in
to
a
n
e
w
f
l
u
x
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
.
T
h
is
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
o
cc
u
r
s
wh
en
m
o
r
e
n
e
g
ati
v
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
l
u
x
d
en
s
it
y
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e,
th
e
n
th
e
f
l
u
x
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
i
s
clo
s
er
to
th
e
k
n
ee
p
o
in
t.
T
em
p
er
atu
r
e
also
in
f
l
u
en
ce
s
to
P
M’
s
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
w
h
ic
h
d
e
s
cr
ib
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
P
M
w
i
ll
d
em
a
g
n
etize
d
ir
r
ev
er
s
ib
l
y
wh
en
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
ex
ter
n
al
d
e
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
f
ield
s
tr
en
g
th
i
s
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
t
h
at
o
f
th
e
m
a
g
n
etic
f
ield
s
tr
en
g
t
h
a
t
th
e
k
n
ee
p
o
in
t.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
m
a
g
n
et
f
ield
s
tr
en
g
t
h
at
a
ce
r
tain
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
is
u
s
u
a
ll
y
r
e
g
ar
d
ed
to
p
r
o
o
f
th
e
P
M
d
e
m
a
g
n
et
izatio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
.
Fo
r
NE
OM
A
X
-
3
5
A
H
m
ater
ial,
th
e
d
e
m
a
g
n
etiz
atio
n
cu
r
v
e
o
f
t
h
e
P
M
at
v
ar
io
u
s
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
li
n
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
w
i
th
p
u
r
p
le,
b
lu
e,
g
r
ee
n
,
r
ed
an
d
b
lack
co
lo
r
s
h
o
w
s
d
e
m
a
g
n
etiza
tio
n
cu
r
v
e
o
f
P
M
at
1
8
0
°C
,
1
4
0
°C
,
1
0
0
°
C
,
6
0
°C
an
d
2
0
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,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Her
ea
f
ter
,
b
ased
o
n
B
-
H
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
g
r
ap
h
,
P
M
f
lu
x
p
er
f
o
r
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a
n
ce
w
h
ic
h
less
t
h
an
t
h
eir
k
n
ee
p
o
in
t
at
th
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
d
e
m
ag
n
et
ized
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
B
-
H
cu
r
v
e
M
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
F
i
e
l
d
i
n
t
e
n
si
t
y
=
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/
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e
g
i
o
n
3
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e
g
i
o
n
2
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o
r
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o
p
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r
a
t
i
n
g
p
o
i
n
t
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u
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u
r
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cu
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M
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NE
T
I
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A
T
I
O
N
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ST
I
G
AT
I
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N
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
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d
e
m
a
g
n
e
tizatio
n
o
n
t
h
e
P
M
m
u
s
t
b
e
av
o
id
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ee
p
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e
at
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
lev
el,
esp
ec
iall
y
w
h
e
n
o
p
er
atin
g
at
h
i
g
h
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
m
ater
ials
f
o
r
th
e
P
M
is
es
s
e
n
tial
a
n
d
ca
r
ef
u
l
co
n
s
id
er
at
io
n
m
u
s
t
b
e
tak
e
n
.
T
h
e
d
em
a
g
n
etiza
tio
n
o
f
P
M
is
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
i
n
g
eq
u
at
io
n
(
1
)
.
n
B
B
i
T
i
DP
i
A
A
D
)
(
1
%
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
th
e
A
i
an
d
A
T
is
th
e
P
M
d
em
a
g
n
e
tis
ed
ar
ea
an
d
to
tal
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
P
M,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
(
m
m
2
)
,
th
e
B
'
s
ar
e
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
d
e
n
s
it
ies
(
T
)
,
n
is
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ele
m
en
ts
,
an
d
DP
i
s
t
h
e
d
e
m
ag
n
eti
s
atio
n
p
o
in
t
o
f
th
e
p
er
m
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
ets,
as p
er
th
e
ir
B
H
cu
r
v
e.
I
n
itiall
y
,
th
e
m
o
to
r
is
s
i
m
u
la
t
ed
at
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
en
s
it
y
o
f
3
0
(
r
m
s
)
/
m
m
2
a
n
d
3
0
A/
m
m
2
f
o
r
b
o
th
ar
m
at
u
r
e
an
d
FEC
w
i
n
d
in
g
s
,
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
ar
e
s
i
m
p
li
f
ie
d
an
d
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
is
s
e
t
at
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
k
n
ee
p
o
in
t
o
f
ea
ch
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
co
n
d
itio
n
h
a
s
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
as
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
to
id
en
ti
f
y
t
h
e
d
em
a
g
n
etiza
tio
n
ef
f
ec
t.
I
t
is
ex
p
ec
t
ed
t
h
at
d
em
a
g
n
etiza
tio
n
m
ig
h
t o
cc
u
r
s
at
h
ig
h
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
e
s
u
lts
o
f
P
M
d
e
m
a
g
n
e
tizatio
n
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
atio
n
at
th
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
f
1
8
0
º
C
in
s
e
v
en
s
tep
s
.
Fro
m
th
e
d
iag
r
a
m
,
it
is
clea
r
l
y
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
f
o
r
ev
er
y
s
tep
t
h
er
e
is
a
s
m
al
l
ar
ea
o
n
th
e
u
p
p
er
r
ig
h
t
ed
g
e
o
f
P
M
h
as
d
e
m
ag
n
etize
d
,
w
h
i
le
th
e
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
r
atio
o
f
P
M
d
em
ag
n
etize
d
an
d
to
r
q
u
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
at
ea
ch
s
tep
is
d
ep
icted
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ca
lc
u
lati
o
n
,
th
e
d
e
m
a
g
n
e
tizatio
n
o
f
P
M
at
1
8
0
º
C
is
o
n
l
y
0
.
8
5
%
o
n
ea
ch
s
te
p
o
f
a
n
al
y
s
is
h
as
b
ee
n
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
e
f
in
a
l
d
esi
g
n
o
u
t
er
-
r
o
to
r
HE
FS
M
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ab
l
y
h
a
s
lo
w
P
M
d
e
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
ev
e
n
o
p
er
ated
at
h
ig
h
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
co
n
d
i
tio
n
.
T
h
e
n
o
r
m
in
al
o
p
er
atin
g
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
f
o
r
m
o
to
r
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
eit
h
er
h
y
b
r
id
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
ic
le
o
r
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
ic
le
i
s
w
it
h
i
n
1
2
0
º
C
-
150
º
C
,
th
u
s
t
h
e
P
M
is
in
t
h
e
s
af
e
co
n
d
itio
n
.
A
t
h
i
g
h
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
co
n
d
itio
n
,
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
a
v
er
ag
e
to
r
q
u
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
m
o
to
r
is
o
n
l
y
3
0
7
.
7
7
Nm
,
w
h
ic
h
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
8
.
2
%
f
r
o
m
i
ts
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
to
r
q
u
e.
Fin
al
l
y
,
th
e
d
etails
o
f
P
M
d
em
a
g
n
etiza
tio
n
at
v
ar
io
u
s
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
ar
e
d
ep
icted
in
T
ab
le
3
an
d
it
is
o
b
v
io
u
s
t
h
at
th
er
e
is
n
o
P
M
d
e
m
ag
n
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t
io
n
f
o
r
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h
e
te
m
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er
atu
r
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0
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C
.
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h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
p
r
o
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o
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ed
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o
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r
h
as
v
er
y
h
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g
h
P
M
r
eliab
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y
at
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o
r
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al
o
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er
at
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g
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f
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r
e
4
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u
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r
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u
r
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f
P
M
d
em
a
g
n
e
tizatio
n
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
P
M
d
em
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
o
f
o
u
ter
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r
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ch
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itio
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a
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n
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t
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t
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e
r
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e
n
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o
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NC
E
S
[1
]
L
.
S
u
re
sh
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
P
W
M
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
ZS
I
in
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
e
lec
tri
c
v
e
h
icle
s
,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
9
(4
),
pp.
4
5
3
-
4
6
7
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
]
S
.
M
e
h
a
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
u
sta
in
a
b
l
e
tran
sp
o
rtatio
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
ste
m
f
o
r
a
f
lee
t
o
f
e
lec
tri
c
v
e
h
icle
s,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
tell
ig
e
n
t
T
ra
n
s
p
o
rta
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
1
6
(3
),
p
p
.
1
4
0
1
-
1
4
1
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
]
D.
Rich
a
rd
so
n
,
“
El
e
c
tri
c
v
e
h
icle
s
a
n
d
e
lec
tri
c
g
rid
:
A
re
v
ie
w
o
f
m
e
d
e
li
n
g
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
e
s,
im
p
a
c
ts,
a
n
d
re
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
rg
y
in
teg
ra
ti
o
n
,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
le a
n
d
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
19,
p
p
.
2
4
7
-
2
5
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[4
]
M
.
Ka
m
a
c
h
i
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
o
f
p
o
we
r
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
sy
ste
m
fo
r
e
lec
tric
v
e
h
icle
‘i
-
M
i
EV
’
,
”
P
ro
c
.
o
f
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
(IP
EC),
p
p
.
2
9
4
9
-
29
5
5
,
2
0
1
0
.
[5
]
J
.
L
e
e
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
ma
g
n
e
ti
za
ti
o
n
fa
u
lt
d
ia
g
n
o
sis
me
th
o
d
f
o
r
PM
S
M
o
f
e
lec
tric
v
e
h
icle
,
”
P
ro
c
.
o
f
IEE
E
A
n
n
u
a
l
In
d
u
strial
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
S
o
c
iety
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
2
7
0
9
-
2
7
1
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
[6
]
B
.
H
.
L
e
e
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
c
o
re
lo
ss
r
e
sista
n
c
e
f
o
r
d
-
q
e
q
u
iv
a
len
t
c
ircu
it
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
IP
M
S
M
c
o
n
sid
e
ri
n
g
h
a
rm
o
n
ic l
in
k
a
g
e
f
lu
x
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
M
a
g
n
e
ti
c
s
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
4
7
(
5
),
p
p
.
1
0
6
6
-
1
0
6
9
,
2
0
1
1
.
[7
]
J.
W
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
sig
n
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
a
su
rf
a
c
e
-
m
o
u
n
ted
p
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
-
m
a
g
n
e
t
m
o
to
r
w
it
h
c
o
n
c
e
n
trate
d
w
in
d
in
g
s
f
o
r
e
lec
tri
c
v
e
h
icle
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Veh
icu
la
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
6
2
(3
)
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
3
-
1
0
6
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[8
]
E.
S
u
laim
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
h
ig
h
-
p
o
w
e
r/h
ig
h
-
to
rq
u
e
d
e
n
sity
d
u
a
l
e
x
c
it
a
ti
o
n
sw
it
c
h
e
d
-
f
lu
x
m
a
c
h
in
e
f
o
r
trac
ti
o
n
d
r
iv
e
in
HE
V
s,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Re
v
iews
,
v
o
l.
3
4
,
p
p
.
5
1
7
-
5
2
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[9
]
M.
Z.
A
h
m
a
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
ro
to
r
p
o
le
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
n
th
e
c
h
a
r
a
c
teristics
o
f
o
u
ter
-
ro
to
r
h
y
b
rid
e
x
c
it
a
ti
o
n
f
lu
x
sw
it
c
h
in
g
m
o
to
r
f
o
r
in
-
w
h
e
e
l
d
riv
e
EV
,
”
Pr
o
c
e
d
ia
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
11,
p
p
.
5
9
3
-
6
0
1
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
0
]
M.
Z.
A
h
m
a
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
EA
-
b
a
s
e
d
d
e
sig
n
stu
d
y
o
f
1
2
-
slo
t
1
4
-
p
o
le
o
u
ter
-
r
o
to
r
d
u
a
l
e
x
c
it
a
ti
o
n
f
lu
x
sw
it
c
h
in
g
m
a
c
h
in
e
f
o
r
d
irec
t
d
riv
e
e
l
e
c
tri
c
v
e
h
icle
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
Ap
p
li
e
d
M
e
c
h
a
n
ics
a
n
d
M
a
ter
ia
ls
,
v
o
l.
6
6
0
,
pp.
8
3
6
-
8
4
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
1
]
M.
Z.
A
h
m
a
d
, e
t
a
l.
,
“
Op
ti
miz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
o
u
ter
-
ro
to
r
h
y
b
rid
e
x
c
it
a
t
io
n
FS
M
fo
r i
n
-
wh
e
e
l
d
ire
c
t
d
riv
e
e
lec
tric v
e
h
icle
,
”
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
f
IEE
E
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
M
e
c
h
a
tro
n
ics
(IC
M
),
p
p
.
6
9
1
-
6
9
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
2
]
E.
Ho
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
e
w
stru
c
tu
re
o
f
a
switch
in
g
f
lu
x
sy
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
p
o
lyp
h
a
se
d
m
a
c
h
in
e
wit
h
h
y
b
rid
e
x
c
it
a
ti
o
n
,
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
f
2
0
0
7
E
u
ro
p
e
a
n
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
2
0
0
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2088
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A
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261
[1
3
]
E.
S
u
laim
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
sig
n
i
m
p
r
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m
e
n
t
a
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d
p
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x
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it
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ti
o
n
c
o
il
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
8
(
4
),
pp.
4
2
5
-
4
3
2
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
4
]
Z.
Zh
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Re
v
iew
o
f
a
n
ti
-
d
e
m
a
g
n
e
ti
z
a
ti
o
n
d
e
sig
n
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
v
e
h
icle
p
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
t
m
o
to
r,
”
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
f
IEE
E
tran
sp
o
rtatio
n
El
e
c
tri
f
ica
ti
o
n
A
sia
-
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f
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f
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r
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n
d
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p
o
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
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0
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4
.
[1
5
]
W
.
Ch
leb
o
sz
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
m
a
g
n
e
ti
z
a
ti
o
n
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
o
f
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P
M
a
n
d
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M
m
o
to
rs
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se
d
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n
t
h
e
h
ig
h
d
e
m
a
n
d
in
g
a
u
to
m
o
ti
v
e
a
p
p
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c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
T
h
e
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
fo
r
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u
t
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
M
a
th
e
ma
ti
c
s
in
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c
trica
l
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n
d
El
e
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tro
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c
En
g
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n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
3
2
(
1
),
p
p
.
72
-
8
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
B
I
O
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RAP
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Jo
h
o
r
,
M
a
lay
sia
in
Ju
ly
,
1
9
7
9
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
B.
E
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
A
R
A
in
2
0
0
3
a
n
d
M
.
E
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
i
v
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
la
y
sia
in
2
0
0
6
.
He
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
la
y
sia
sin
c
e
2
0
0
6
.
He
h
a
s
o
b
tain
e
d
h
is
P
h
D
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
lay
sia
in
2
0
1
6
.
His
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
i
n
tere
sts
is
e
lec
tri
c
m
a
c
h
in
e
d
e
sig
n
e
sp
e
c
iall
y
in
f
lu
x
s
w
it
c
h
in
g
m
a
c
h
in
e
f
o
r
e
lec
tri
c
v
e
h
icle
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
Erw
a
n
S
u
laim
a
n
wa
s
b
o
rn
in
Jo
h
o
r,
M
a
lay
sia
,
o
n
A
u
g
u
st 3
1
,
1
9
7
8
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
B.
E
a
n
d
M
.
E
d
e
g
re
e
s
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rs
it
y
o
f
M
a
la
y
a
in
2
0
0
1
a
n
d
U
n
iv
e
rsity
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
lay
sia
(U
T
HM)
in
2
0
0
4
.
He
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
w
it
h
UT
H
M
f
ro
m
D
e
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
0
4
a
s
a
lec
tu
re
r.
He
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
Do
c
to
r
De
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
N
a
g
o
y
a
In
stit
u
te
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
NIT
),
Ja
p
a
n
in
2
0
1
2
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
se
n
io
r
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
Tu
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
lay
sia
.
His
r
e
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
d
e
sig
n
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
s o
f
HEF
S
M
,
W
F
F
S
M
,
in
p
a
rti
c
u
lar,
f
o
r
HEV d
riv
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
S
it
i
Kh
a
li
d
a
h
Ra
h
im
i
wa
s
b
o
rn
in
Ke
lan
tan
,
M
a
lay
sia
,
o
n
Oc
to
b
e
r
1
7
,
1
9
9
0
.
S
h
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
B.
E,
M
.
E
d
e
g
re
e
s in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
lay
sia
(U
T
HM)
in
2
0
1
3
a
n
d
2
0
1
6
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
Cu
re
n
tt
ly
,
sh
e
is
P
h
D
c
a
n
d
i
d
a
te
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
la
y
sia
(U
T
H
M
).
He
r
re
se
a
r
c
h
in
tere
sts
is
e
lec
tri
c
m
a
c
h
in
e
d
e
sig
n
e
sp
e
c
ially
in
f
lu
x
s
w
it
c
h
in
g
m
a
c
h
in
e
.
G
a
d
a
f
i
M
.
Ro
m
a
lan
w
a
s
b
o
rn
i
n
Ke
lan
tan
,
M
a
lay
si
a
in
M
a
c
,
1
9
8
9
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
d
ip
l
o
m
a
in
M
e
c
h
a
tro
n
ic
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
P
o
li
tek
n
ik
Ko
ta
Bh
a
ru
i
n
2
0
1
0
.
S
in
c
e
Ju
ly
2
0
1
0
,
h
e
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
w
o
rk
in
g
u
n
d
e
r
M
KE
Re
so
u
rc
e
s
S
d
n
.
Bh
d
a
s
b
ra
n
c
h
m
a
n
a
g
e
r.
In
2
0
1
2
,
h
e
c
o
n
ti
n
u
e
h
is
stu
d
ies
in
B.
E
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
lay
sia
a
n
d
a
wa
rd
s
w
it
h
d
e
g
re
e
in
2
0
1
4
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
h
e
is
M
a
ste
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
c
a
n
d
id
a
te
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
la
y
sia
.
Hi
s
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts in
c
lu
d
e
e
lec
tri
c
m
a
c
h
in
e
,
d
riv
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
r
o
b
o
ti
c
s
y
ste
m
.
M
a
h
y
u
z
ie
Je
n
a
l
w
a
s
b
o
rn
in
Jo
h
o
r,
M
a
lay
si
a
,
o
n
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
4
,
1
9
7
7
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
B.
E,
a
n
d
M
.
E,
d
e
g
re
e
s
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
si
a
in
2
0
0
0
a
n
d
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
la
y
sia
(U
T
HM)
in
2
0
0
9
.
He
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
w
it
h
UT
HM
f
ro
m
Ju
n
e
2
0
0
3
a
s
a
ss
istan
t
lec
tu
re
r
a
n
d
a
p
p
o
i
n
ted
a
s
a
lec
tu
re
r
in
2
0
0
9
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
P
h
D
c
a
n
d
id
a
te
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
la
y
sia
.
His
re
s
e
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
s
is
e
l
e
c
tri
c
m
a
c
h
in
e
d
e
sig
n
e
sp
e
c
iall
y
in
f
lu
x
s
w
it
c
h
in
g
m
a
c
h
in
e
.
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