Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
4
,
Decem
be
r
2020
, p
p.
2055
~
2061
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v
1
1
.i
4
.
pp
2
055
-
2061
2055
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Highwa
y wind
po
wer ene
rgy asse
ssm
en
t
of
Al
-
Durr
a
highway
street
i
n Baghd
ad, Iraq
Ad
n
an A
hme
d Abdul
R
ah
e
em, W
adhah
Esmaeel
Ibr
ahee
m
Te
chn
ic
a
l
Inst
it
u
te
of
Ba’
aquba
h
,
Middle T
ec
hni
c
al
Univ
ersit
y
,
Ba
gdad
,
I
raq
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Feb
2
, 2
0
20
Re
vised
A
pr
2
6
, 2
0
20
Accepte
d
J
un
10
, 20
20
In
ce
r
tain
spot
s
on
the
pl
anet
which
hav
e
l
ess
at
t
ai
nab
le
of
utilizing
enor
mous
br
eez
e
power
pl
ant
s,
the
expr
essw
ay
wind
vital
it
y
can
be
ut
il
i
ze
d
to
he
lp
l
it
t
le
loads
in
th
e
m
ai
n
g
rids.
Int
ersta
t
es
roa
d
l
ight
ing
for
insta
n
ce
of
tha
t
he
aps
th
at
is
exp
endi
ng
a
gre
at
d
eal
of
vi
talit
y
and
cost
ev
ery
y
ea
r. W
hen
the
vital
it
y
th
at
origi
nates
fro
m
vehicle
s
dev
el
opm
ent
a
long
the
highway
ave
nues
c
an
b
e
ta
ken
in
though
t
,
thi
s
p
ape
r
has
ex
am
in
ed
the
o
utc
om
es
if
mom
ent
v
ehicle
s
wind
spee
d
dur
i
ng
24
hours
p
er
day.
24
hou
rs,
br
ie
f
interi
m
of
veh
icles
wind
spee
ds
hav
e
be
en
esti
m
ated
by
uti
lizing
an
em
o
me
t
er
put
in
the
roa
d
.
A
ver
t
ic
a
l
pivot
wind
turbi
ne
(VA
WT)
has
bee
n
prop
osed
to
b
e
uti
lized
in
th
is
t
ask.
All
v
ent
ur
e
reg
ul
at
ion
h
as
bee
n
simu
la
t
ed
by
uti
l
iz
ing
Opendss
progra
m;
it
ca
n
supp
ort
t
im
e
seri
es
simul
at
ion
.
Th
e
out
comes
dem
onstra
te
d
th
at
the
under
t
aking
is
poss
ibl
e
t
o
be
utilized
in
Al
-
Durra
Highway
Street.
The
nor
ma
l
br
ee
z
e
spee
d
of
movi
ng
veh
ic
l
es
is
4.
7
m/
s
which
c
an
d
el
iv
e
r
67.
3
wa
tt
by
th
e
proposed
turbine.
The
g
ot
ene
r
gy
saw
that
it
as
con
tri
but
e
d
to
be
utilized
by
the
maingri
d
during
the
da
y
time
.
Al
l
the
d
em
onstra
ted
bends
of
the
outc
om
es
spea
k
to
the
Ira
q
g
rid
support
by
dim
ini
shing
th
e ma
in
demand an
d
oper
a
ti
ona
l ex
pense
s too.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Win
d
e
nerg
y
Highwa
y
wind
en
e
rgy
VAWT
Re
new
a
ble E
ne
rgy
Small
w
in
d
t
urbines
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Adna
n Ahmed
Abd
ul
Ra
hee
m
,
Tech
nical
Insti
tute o
f
Ba
’a
qu
bah,
M
id
dle Tec
hnic
al
U
ni
ver
sit
y,
Ba
gd
a
d, I
raq
.
Emai
l:
adn
a
n.
a
lsumeri
@mtu
.
edu.iq
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
inc
reasin
g
dema
nd
of
w
or
l
dw
i
de
to
el
ect
rical
energy
and
t
he
fea
rs
from
lo
st
eve
r
y
s
ource
of
fo
ssil
f
uel
in
t
he
w
orl
d
beca
us
e
the
fossil
f
uel
li
ke
oil
,
ga
s
an
d
coal
ma
y
exist
to
sev
era
l
decad
es
but
not
f
or
the
f
ar
f
uture
[
1,
2]
,
this
iss
ue
s
guide
the
world
wide
t
o
t
he
con
ce
pt
of
renewable
ene
r
gy
,
the
re
new
a
ble
energ
y
so
lve
this
tw
o
pro
blems
beca
us
e
of
it
is
f
rie
nd
l
y
t
o
e
nvir
onme
nt
me
an
doe
s
not
c
reate
carbo
n
e
missi
on
a
nd
it
is sustai
na
ble e
nerg
y
s
ource li
ke
s
olar
e
nerg
y
,
wi
nd
ene
rgy
,
geo
t
hermal
en
e
rgy
a
nd b
i
oen
e
rgy
[3]
a
nd w
il
l no
t
run
ou
t.
T
he
wind
ene
r
gy
is
on
e
of
them;
to
ha
rv
est
in
g
t
he
wi
nd
e
ne
rgy
will
us
e
ma
ny
kinds
a
nd
s
iz
es
of
wind
tu
r
bin
e.
This
ty
pe
of
re
so
urces
are
pro
vid
in
g
4.8%
of
global
e
nerg
y,
w
her
e
56
4GW
hav
e
bee
n
i
ns
ta
ll
ed
in
20
18
over
the
w
or
l
d
inc
r
easi
ng
by
10%
of
grow
t
h
[4]
.T
he
pr
i
nciple
ope
rati
on
of
wind
t
urbi
ne
it
is
gen
e
rated
the
el
ect
rici
ty
fro
m
the
wind
,
t
r
aditi
on
al
tu
r
bin
e
c
on
te
nt
of
t
hr
ee
bla
des,
t
he
passi
ng
of
w
ind
over
the
blades
will
dri
ve
t
he
sh
ift
w
hic
h
goes
to
ge
ar
box
wh
ic
h
i
ncr
ea
se
t
he
ro
ta
ti
on
s
pee
d
of
s
hift
to
ge
ne
rate
el
ect
rici
ty
by
us
in
g
the
ma
gnet
ic
fiel
ds
,
th
e
gen
e
rated
el
ect
rici
ty
was
t
ran
s
mit
te
d
t
o
gr
i
d
a
nd
distri
bu
te
d
arou
nd
the
c
ou
ntr
y
.
W
hen
the
wind
sp
ee
d
be
ar
ound
3
-
4
m
et
ers
pe
r
seco
nds
(m/s)
,
(
8
m
il
es
per
ho
ur
)
,
most
of
wind
tu
rb
i
ne
sta
rted
to
ge
ner
at
e
d
the
el
ect
rici
ty;
maximu
m
powe
r
ge
ner
at
e
d
w
he
n
the
wind
s
pe
ed
be
arou
nd
15
(
m/s)
(
30
m
ph)
,
wh
e
n
t
he
wi
nd
sp
ee
d
reac
h
t
o
25
(m/s
)
,
or
m
or
e
t
han
(
50
m
ph
)
the
ge
ne
ra
te
will
be
st
op to pre
ve
nt the t
urbine
from
t
he dama
ge
[5]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
2055
–
2061
2056
Ther
e
is
pa
per
us
in
g
ver
ti
cal
axis
wi
nd
t
urbi
ne
(
V
AW
T
)
in
sta
ll
on
the
si
de
of
t
he
highwa
y
on
kin
g
Faha
d
Bi
n
Abdu
l
Aziz
high
way
i
n
K
uwai
t
,
the
data
was
colle
ct
ed
at
10
diff
e
re
nt
te
st
,
the
ave
rag
e
ha
rv
est
in
g
of
wind
s
pee
d
is
4.4
m/s
[6]
.
Ther
e
is
an
othe
r
stu
dy
in
[3]
it
us
es
the
tw
o
diff
e
re
nt
sh
a
pe
of
ve
hicle
s
,
on
e
of
the
s
ha
pe
of
ve
hicle
s
is
a
se
dan
a
nd
t
he
s
econd
one
is
a
bus
,
t
hen
a
na
lysis
a
nd
st
udy
wh
at
the
e
ff
ect
of
mo
ving
t
he
dif
fer
e
nt
s
hap
e
of
veh
ic
le
s
on
t
he
ge
ner
at
ed
of
wind
s
pee
d
s
ub
s
eq
ue
ntly
ge
ner
at
e
d
th
e
powe
r.
The
ta
ndem
c
ars
case
gi
ves
the
maxim
um
powe
r
en
ha
nceme
nt.
T
his
con
ce
pt
ha
s
been
discu
ss
ed
an
d
evaluate
d
i
n
t
he
stu
dy w
as
d
one
i
n
20
16, wh
ere
t
he
res
ults s
howe
d
the
po
wer
the
p
owe
r
wh
ic
h
is pro
duced
b
y
wind
t
urbines
i
s
li
mit
ed
by
th
e
ve
hicle
s
t
yp
e
s
an
d
ho
w
t
hey
m
ov
e
as
a
l
one
or
a
s
gro
up
s
[7]
.some
of
st
u
dies
are u
si
ng
a
hy
bri
d desig
n
to
powe
r
the st
reet l
igh
ts, the
sy
st
em consist
s of
ren
e
wa
ble r
es
ources like
PV
pan
el
s
with
wi
nd
tu
r
bin
es
a
nd
batte
ry
with
co
ntr
oller;
the
res
ults
sh
owe
d
that
wind
ene
rgy
i
n
w
hich
reduc
ed
th
e
requireme
nt
of
stora
ge
a
bout
38%
w
it
h
14.4
%
c
os
t
reducti
on,
this
stu
dy
ca
n
su
pp
or
t
this
pap
e
r
encou
rag
e
ment
of
us
in
g
these
typ
e
of
wind
tu
rb
i
nes
i
n
Al
-
D
urra
high
way
s
[8]
.
I
n
i
nd
ia
an
ef
fecti
ve
st
udy
has
been
done
a
nd
64
%
of
maxi
mu
m
ro
ta
ti
ona
l
sp
eed
was
a
chieve
d
if
sm
al
l
wind
tu
rb
i
nes
we
re
us
ed
al
ong
highwa
ys
st
ree
ts
[9]
.
Ac
co
rd
i
ng
t
o
that
V
A
WT
wind
tur
bi
ne
will
be
us
ed
al
ong
medi
an
strip
of
Hi
ghwa
y
Street
in
Ba
gh
dad
/
Ir
a
q,
harve
sti
ng
the
wi
nd
sp
ee
d
it
is
co
me
f
rom
ve
hic
le
s
moveme
nt
al
ong
the
high
way
t
o
fee
di
ng the
V
AWT tu
rb
i
ne
t
o gen
e
rati
ng th
e ele
ct
rici
ty and s
uppl
ying th
e street
li
ghti
ng at
night.
2.
METHO
DOL
OGY
The
wind
ene
r
gy
of
high
way
ge
ner
at
io
n
co
mes
f
r
om
t
he
feeli
ng
of
t
he
powe
r
at
t
he
s
ide
of
an
y
highwa
y
in
t
he
world
.
Al
-
D
urra
Hi
ghwa
y
Street
is
very
act
ive
in
Iraq,
the
i
ntensi
ty
of
the
veh
i
cl
e’s
moveme
nt
is
a
lmost
durin
g
a
ll
the
da
y
a
nd
night.
The
s
pe
ed
of
the
wind
the
re
de
pends
on
the
sp
ee
d
a
nd
sh
a
pe
of
ve
hic
le
s.
The
power
gen
e
rati
on
de
pends
on
t
he
ve
hicle
s
sp
ee
d
pro
portion
al
l
y
[10]
.
The
pro
posal
of
wo
rk
is
distribu
ti
ng
s
mall
ver
ti
cal
axis
t
urbines
(
VAWT)
with
bat
te
ry
al
ong
me
dian
st
rip
of
Al
-
D
urra
Highwa
y
Stree
t
to
ge
ner
at
e
e
le
ct
rici
ty.
T
he
cau
se
of
us
in
g
V
AWT
t
yp
e
s
of
wi
nd
tu
r
bi
nes
is
due
to
their
eff
ic
ie
nc
y
of
hi
gh
s
peed
wind
colle
ct
ing,
as
well
as
t
he
hig
h
sta
rting
ca
pa
ci
ty
of
to
r
qu
e
[8
,
9]
.T
his
el
ect
rici
ty
is use
d
to
ch
a
r
ge batt
eries a
nd s
uppl
y
the
str
eet
li
gh
ti
ng at
night.
2.1.
Data ge
th
eri
n
g
In
this
pap
e
r,
wind
sp
ee
ds
ha
ve
bee
n
e
valu
at
ed
by
us
i
ng
UT
-
632
wind
sp
ee
d
mete
r
(
An
e
momet
er).
This
de
vice
is
ci
ti
fied
by
U
ni
-
Tre
nd
C
ompa
ny
[
13]
.
O
ne
minu
te
inter
v
al
has
been
c
ollec
te
d
for
24
ho
ur
s
per
day w
it
h
t
wo
l
evels 2
an
d
3 met
ers.
24
ho
urs p
er
d
a
y
has
b
een
te
ste
d
to
sh
ow
the
wi
nd sp
ee
d
t
hat
is g
ener
at
e
d
by
m
ov
i
ng
ve
hicle
s
in
Al
-
D
urra
Highwa
y
Street
.
T
he
propose
d
ver
ti
ca
l
axis
wind
tu
r
bin
e
(
VAWT
)
in
this
pap
e
r
is t
he
a
s
mall
o
ne
whic
h
is i
nv
est
igate
d
in
the
stu
dy
with
par
a
mete
r
s b
el
ow
[
14]
.
2.2.
Wind turbi
ne
mod
el
in
g
The
wind
tu
r
bi
ne
ge
ne
rators
are
de
vices
t
ha
t
conve
rt
the
mecha
nical
en
ergy
of
wi
nd
s
peed
to
t
he
el
ect
rical
po
w
er.
T
he
ge
ner
a
te
d
el
ect
rici
ty
can
be
st
or
e
d
to
the
batte
ries
or
ca
n
be
injec
te
d
to
the
distr
ibu
te
d
gr
i
ds
as
on
-
gri
ds
net
wor
ks
,
a
nd
opti
mize
the
normal
op
e
r
at
ion
of
the
s
yst
em
[15
]
.
T
he
kin
et
ic
ene
rgy
of
th
e
tur
bin
e
reli
es
on
t
he
m
echa
ni
cal
desig
n
of
t
he
blad
es
,
ro
t
or
a
nd
the
ai
r
de
ns
it
y
of
a
rea
of
pr
oject
insta
ll
at
ion
.
The pr
opose
d
desig
n
t
o
the
Al
-
D
urra
Highw
ay
St
reet i
s s
hown in
Fig
ur
e
1
.
The
tu
rb
i
ne
de
sign
of
the
project
can
be
i
ns
ta
ll
ing
th
ree
blades
on
li
ghti
ng
rods
of
t
he
Al
-
D
urra
Highwa
y
Stre
et
.
Each
b
la
de
has
a
0.8
m
width
a
nd
1.8m
heig
ht
di
mensi
on
al
paramet
ers
as
be
ing
a
n
acce
ptable
sw
ept
a
rea.
All
t
og
et
her
a
re
c
onnecte
d
by
be
arin
g
c
onve
rts
the
r
otati
on
t
o
a
n
AC
permane
nt
mag
net
ge
ner
a
tor
w
hich
delivers
el
ect
rici
ty
that
nee
d
to
c
onve
rted
to
hig
h
qual
it
y
DC
vo
lt
age
t
o
be
use
d
f
or
batte
ries c
harging. T
he mec
ha
nical
pow
e
r of
the pr
oject
can be esti
mate
d b
y
(1)
belo
w
[16]
.
P
=
0
.
5
ρ
A
V
3
(1)
Wh
e
re is
P is a
mecha
ni
cal
p
owe
r
in
wat
t
ρ
is a
wind
den
s
it
y
in
kg
/
m
3
A
is t
he
cr
os
s
s
ect
ion
a
rea
of e
ach
blade (s
we
pt ar
ea
)
in
m
2
V
is t
he win
d
s
peed in
m/s
The
el
ect
rical
powe
r
ca
n
al
s
o
extracte
d
by
t
he
e
quat
ion
ab
ov
e
th
rou
gh
th
e
wi
nd
tu
rb
i
ne
ef
fici
ency,
wh
e
re
t
his
e
ff
i
ci
ency
can
be
expresse
d
by
a
colle
ct
ion
of
var
ia
bles
that
are
determi
ned
by
ta
king
t
he
desig
n,
wind
resist
anc
e
an
d
tu
rbulen
ce
as
a
facto
rs
and
e
xp
la
in
ed
with
li
mit
cal
le
d
Be
tz
li
mit
[17
,
18]
.
The
(2)
bel
ow
can
be use
d
to
represe
nt the el
ect
rical
p
owe
r i
n
te
rms o
f o
bject
eff
ic
ie
nc
y.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Highway
wi
nd
po
we
r
ene
rg
y
as
sess
me
nt o
f
Al
-
D
ur
r
a Hig
hw
ay
…
(
Ad
nan Ah
me
d
A
bdul
Ra
heem
)
2057
P
w
=
P
m
Cp
(2)
Theatrica
ll
y,
t
he
ma
ximum
va
lue
of
the
po
wer
c
oeffici
ent
is
0.
59
26
;
in
t
his
pa
per
C
p
is
consi
dered
as
a
ma
xim
um
value
to
simu
la
te
the
outp
ut
powe
r
of
the
pro
po
se
d
wind
ge
ner
at
or
s
.
T
he
the
oret
ic
al
ou
t
put
powe
r
el
ect
rici
ty
in
te
rms
of
the
wind
s
pe
ed
ma
nn
e
r
c
an
be
sho
wed
i
n
the
Fig
ur
e
2
,
wh
e
re
is
the
powe
r
sta
rted
t
o
be
ge
ner
at
e
d
gr
a
du
al
ly
in
pro
port
ion
al
value
with
the
s
peed
of
the
wind.
A
s
s
how
n
the
powe
r
co
nve
rted
to
be
co
ns
ta
nt
at
w
ind
s
peed
e
qu
a
l
to
9
m/s
an
d
the
gen
e
rato
r
s
ta
rts
to
de
li
ver
el
ect
rici
ty
at
3
m/s,
tho
se
values
a
r
e
cal
le
d
the
rat
ed
sp
ee
d
an
d
c
ut
-
in
s
pee
d
res
pecti
vely
a
nd
t
hey
tra
ns
la
ti
on
of
instal
le
d
m
otor
i
n
the d
e
sig
n.
Figure
1
.
Pro
pose
d
V
A
WT d
esi
gn for Al
-
D
urra
highwa
y st
reet
numb
e
r of bla
de
s =
3
Figure
2
.
The
theoret
ic
al
outp
ut po
wer o
f propose
d
VAWT
g
e
ner
a
tor
2.3.
Battery
model
ing
In
this
pap
e
r
a
200A
h,
12V
batte
ry
has
be
en
c
ollec
te
d
a
nd
s
uggested
to
be
in
sta
ll
ed
in
eve
r
y
po
le
al
ong
the
stree
t.
This
capaci
t
y
delive
rs
pow
er
to
the
loa
d
durin
g
the
night.
The
modeli
ng
has
been
done
by
us
in
g
O
penDs
s
sim
ulator.
T
he
pro
posed
si
mu
la
ti
on
e
x
ec
uted
at
the
A
C
side
of
the
inv
e
rter
acc
or
ding
t
o
the pr
ogram p
r
op
e
rtie
s and c
omman
d bell
ow
.
new storage.Battery phases=1 Bus1=C kv=0.22
~kwrated=0.2 kwhrated=2.4 dispmode=follow
~daily=storagecurve
These
par
a
mete
rs
gi
ve
a
high
ly
be
nef
it
s
to
t
he
mai
n
g
rid
of
the
distrib
ution
sy
ste
m
as
will
be
sho
wn
in the res
ults la
te
r.
2.4.
The pr
oj
ec
t
c
on
fi
gu
r
at
i
on
Al
-
D
urra
Hi
ghway
Street
pas
ses
th
rou
gh
m
any
vital
area
s
of
Ba
gh
dad
a
nd
is
e
qu
i
pp
e
d
with
a
li
ght
and
the
t
wo
sid
es
al
ong
the
r
oa
d
with
a
dista
nce
of
13
km.
It
i
s
co
nnect
ed
betwee
n
Moh
a
mmed
Elqa
ssim
an
d
Ba
ghda
d
Ro
ad
s
as
s
how
n
i
n
Fig
ur
e
3
.
T
he
desi
gn
sta
nda
rd
s
of
st
reet
li
gh
ti
ng
are
50
m
bet
wee
n
ea
ch
tw
o
po
le
s
.
T
he
pol
es
are
in
sta
ll
ed
in
t
he
me
di
an
stri
p
of
t
he
wa
y
an
d
e
ve
r
yone
is
e
quip
ped
with
t
wo
la
mp
s
li
gh
ti
ng
the
both
sides.
Each
bu
l
b
ha
s
a
rate
d
po
wer
a
bout
400w,
with
a
ppr
oximat
el
y
2.
25
a
m
per
e.
Th
e
daily
powe
r
c
onsum
ption of
this
c
onfi
gurati
on
is v
ery
hi
gh,
a
nd
r
ecentl
y
due
t
o
this
issue;
the
o
pe
rati
on
c
os
t can b
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
2055
–
2061
2058
la
rg
e
a
s
well
.
The
operati
on
ti
me
of
the
str
eet
li
gh
ti
ng
is
13
ho
ur
s
in
the
winte
r
a
nd
10
hours
in
t
he
s
um
me
r
,
the
a
ver
a
ge
is
11
ho
ur
s
per
day
es
pecial
ly
I
raq
i
winter
i
s
s
horter
tha
n
su
m
mer
[
19]
.
The
over
al
l
de
man
d
consu
mp
ti
on
of
the
li
gh
ts
du
r
ing
t
he
night
i
s
20
8
kW,
where
r
oa
d
is
li
ghte
d
by
520
bulb
w
ork
al
l
t
oget
he
r.
Accor
ding
t
o
t
hat
a
nd
to
the
la
st
year
pr
ic
in
g
of
the
el
ect
ri
ci
ty
de
man
d
in
I
raq
[
20]
,
t
he
Al
-
D
urra
Hi
ghway
Street
c
onsum
es
9.2
mil
li
on
I
raq
i
dinnar
per
year
a
ppr
oximat
el
y.
T
he
Table
1
re
pres
ents
t
he
i
nfo
r
mati
on
above.
In
this
pap
e
r
the
sug
ge
ste
d
wind
tur
bin
e
to
po
l
ogy
and
c
hangin
g
the
li
ghts
to
10
0W
li
ght
e
mit
te
d
diode
(LE
D)
will
re
du
ce
the
c
ons
umpti
on
a
nd
op
e
rati
on
c
os
t
w
hich
repres
ent
a
ki
nd
of
co
untr
y
s
upport
an
d
dev
el
opment
[21]
.
Table
1
.
Al
-
Durr
a
high
way str
eet
li
gh
ti
ng in
f
ormat
ion
Variable
Detail
Al
-
Du
rr
a High
way
Str
eet
leng
th
13
km
Ligh
tin
g
po
les sp
a
n
5
0
m
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
po
les a
lo
n
g
the street
260
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
bu
lb
s (2/p
o
le)
520
Rated
po
wer
for
bu
lb
(
watt)
4
0
0
w
Ov
erall
p
o
wer
demand
of the str
eet
(watt)
2
0
8
kW
Figure
3
T
he G
oogle ma
p o
f Al
-
D
urra
hi
ghway street
[22]
3.
RESU
LT
S
AND DI
SCUS
S
ION
Accor
ding
to
the
pr
opos
e
d
desig
n,
the
re
su
lt
s
that
have
bee
n
ob
ta
in
ed
wer
e
feasi
ble.
Wh
e
re
the
cu
rr
e
nt
w
hich
is
ge
ner
at
e
d
by
movin
g
ve
hicle
s
in
Al
-
D
urra
ex
press
hig
hwa
y
street
w
as
ge
ner
at
in
g
powe
r
al
ong
t
he
da
y
ti
me
a
nd
ni
gh
t.
T
he
e
ne
r
gy
ca
n
be
use
d
i
nto
t
wo
way
s
,
one
of
them
is
c
ha
rg
i
ng
the
batte
r
y
w
he
n
the
e
nerg
y
le
vel
is
low,
a
nd
t
hen
t
he
re
st
of
the
e
ne
rgy
w
he
n
the
ba
tt
ery
is
f
ull,
can
be
rev
e
rse
d
to
th
e
distri
bu
ti
on
gr
i
d
to
be
c
on
su
me
d
by
t
he
custo
mers
.
Ba
sed
t
o
t
he
fiel
d
measu
reme
nt
s
was
fluctuate
d
between
mini
mum
val
ue
(1.4
m/s)
a
nd
ma
xi
mu
m
val
ue
(9.
8
m/s
)
at
t
wo
mete
r
high
le
vel.
As
sh
ow
n
in
the
F
igure 4
, th
e
ma
nn
e
r of t
he
c
urve
has
a
n
a
ver
a
ge
e
qu
al
t
o 4.7
m/s w
hich
ca
n gen
e
rate a
bout
67.3
watt
ev
e
ntu
al
ly
.
Accor
dingly,
t
he
ge
ner
at
e
d
powe
r
by
the
pro
posed
desig
n
was
s
how
n
in
the
Fig
ur
e
5
w
her
e
t
he
powe
r
al
so
flu
ct
uates
due
to
the
va
riat
ion
of
wi
nd
s
pee
d
that
cha
ng
e
d
ac
cordin
g
to
t
he
man
y
fact
or
s
li
ke
t
he
veh
ic
le
’s
veloc
it
y
an
d
s
ha
pe
a
nd
siz
e
as
well
.
T
he
e
nerg
y
duri
ng
the
da
y
i
s
ass
umpti
on
of
the
obta
ine
d
r
esults
and
eq
ual
t
o
2.8
kWh
pe
r
day.
T
his
e
ne
r
gy
can
c
on
tri
bute
wit
h
the
main
s
uppl
y
t
o
c
harge
t
he
i
ns
ta
ll
ed
batte
ry,
beside
to d
el
ive
r p
ower to
the
public
elec
tric
it
y
gri
d w
hen the
batte
ry is f
ull.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Highway
wi
nd
po
we
r
ene
rg
y
as
sess
me
nt o
f
Al
-
D
ur
r
a Hig
hw
ay
…
(
Ad
nan Ah
me
d
A
bdul
Ra
heem
)
2059
Figure
4
Dail
y win
d
s
pee
d pro
file
(
m/s)
Figure
5
Dail
y win
d gen
e
rato
r
pow
e
r (W
)
As
s
how
n
in
Figure
6
the
curve
1
re
pr
e
sents
the
c
ons
um
e
d
po
wer
by
t
he
li
gh
ti
ng
syst
em
in
the
hi
ghwa
y
r
oad
with
out
th
e
pro
posed
m
od
el
.
T
he
c
urv
e
sho
ws
th
at
the
powe
r
is
de
li
ver
ed
acco
r
ding
to
the
li
ghti
ng
da
il
y
de
ma
nd.
T
he
offli
ne
ti
m
e
is
betwee
n
6am
to
6pm.
And
w
he
n
t
he
s
ug
gested
s
yst
em
is
connecte
d
without
batte
ry,
t
he
c
onsume
d
powe
r
c
ou
l
d
be
le
ss
du
e
to
the
deli
ver
e
d
energ
y
by
the
wind
gen
e
rato
r
as
s
how
n
i
n
c
urve
2.
W
her
e
it
s
hows
that
the
w
ind
ge
ner
at
i
on
can
reduce
1
kW
powe
r
from
main
gr
i
d,
a
nd
besid
e
of
that
t
he
c
onti
nu
ous
powe
r
w
hic
h
is
delivere
d
by
the
w
ind
ge
ner
at
or
c
an
be
rev
e
rse
d
to
the
distrib
ution
s
yst
em
th
rou
gh
t
he
main
s
uppl
y
li
ne
.
A
nd
when
we
co
nnect
the
batte
ry
to
t
he
sy
ste
m
th
e
resu
lt
s
sh
ow
that
the
li
gh
ts
are
f
ull
su
ppli
ed
by
t
he
batte
ry
durin
g
the
ni
gh
t
ti
m
e,
a
li
tt
le
of
energ
y
can
be
need
e
d
from
the
pu
blic
el
ect
rici
ty
to
cha
r
ge
t
he
ba
tt
ery
as
s
uppo
rt
wit
h
wind
e
nerg
y
as
s
how
n
i
n
c
urve
3
duri
ng
the ti
me fr
om
6am
t
o 1pm.
It
is
w
or
th
me
ntion
i
ng
that
t
he
heig
ht
of
tur
bin
e
ca
n
a
ffec
t
directl
y
to
the
wi
nd
ge
ne
r
at
ion.
T
his
pap
e
r
ha
d
e
xa
mined
t
he
ve
hi
cl
e
wind
s
pee
d
at
3
mete
r
hei
gh
t.
T
he
wind
sp
ee
d
at
this
al
ti
tud
e
is
le
ss
eff
ic
ie
nt
than
t
he
heig
ht
of
2
mete
rs;
wh
e
re
a
mean
of
1.4
m
/
s
was
obta
ined
f
or
t
he
total
rea
dings
that
were
te
ste
d
f
or
three
s
pecific
hours
du
rin
g
t
he
day.
T
her
e
f
or
e
,
the
a
ppr
opriat
e
hei
ght
w
as
ch
os
e
n
in
t
hi
s
project
f
or
t
he
best
pro
du
ct
io
n
of
t
he
wind
e
nerg
y
pro
du
ce
d
fro
m
the
street
is
2
mete
rs.
The
Figure
7
s
how
s
the
real
c
omparis
on
betwee
n
the
tw
o
hei
gh
ts
a
nd
t
he
same
place
and
t
he
same
hours
c
ho
se
n.
T
he
re
d
cu
r
ve
re
pr
ese
nt
to
the
wind
sp
ee
d
at
2
met
ers
w
hich
is
fl
uctuated
betwe
en
2
-
11
m/s;
w
her
e
th
e
blu
e
one
is
belo
ng
to
the
wind
s
pee
d
at
3
mete
rs
w
hich
i
s
fluct
uated
bet
ween
0
-
3
m/s
. o
bvio
us
l
y,
t
he
qu
a
ntit
y
of
e
ne
rgy
powe
r
ca
n
be
pro
du
ce
d
m
or
e
if
the tu
rb
i
nes w
ou
l
d be in
sta
ll
ed
at
2
mete
rs h
ei
gh
t.
Figure
6
.
Cha
r
ging
a
nd cons
umpti
on
of the
ba
tt
ery
current
sta
tus
Figure
7
.
Heig
ht
co
m
par
is
ons
of street
wind s
peed
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
pa
per
has
te
ste
d
the
ve
hi
cl
e
velocit
y
i
n
the
Al
-
Durr
a
Highwa
y
Stree
t.
T
he
st
udy
ha
s
f
ound
that
the
av
era
ge
wind
s
peed
du
rin
g
the
day
an
d
night
ti
me
is
a
bout
4.7
m/s
a
t
(2)
t
wo
mete
rs
heig
ht
le
vel.
Thi
s
aver
a
ge
ca
n
ge
ner
at
e
a
proper
energ
y
to
c
harge
th
e
batte
ry
and
sup
ply
the
el
ect
rici
ty
to
the
gri
d
unde
r
micro
gr
i
ds
co
nnect
ion
project
.
A
500
watt
wind
tur
bin
e
desig
n
has
bee
n
m
ode
le
d;
this
power
rati
ng
ca
n
deli
ver
2.8
kW
pe
r
da
y.
T
he
obta
ine
d
e
ne
rgy
ca
n
s
har
e
with
the
main
supp
l
y
to
m
ai
ntain
the
batte
ry
le
vel
is
f
ull
al
ong
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
2055
–
2061
2060
the
24
hours,
the
ti
me
of
da
y
ti
me
is
co
ns
id
ered
c
hargin
g
ti
me
acco
rd
i
ng
the
obta
ine
d
data
a
nd
this
ti
me
i
s
enou
gh
t
o
ret
urn
the
batte
ry
t
o be full
ag
ai
n. The
e
nv
ir
onme
ntal condit
io
ns and
desig
ni
ng
op
e
rati
on can
e
ff
ect
directl
y
to
the
project
gen
e
rat
ion
.
T
his
pa
pe
r
ha
s
te
ste
d
an
ot
her
hei
gh
t
le
ve
l
in
the
same
conditi
ons.
Six
ho
ur
s
per
d
a
y
ha
s
be
en
co
m
par
e
d,
t
hen
it
f
ound
t
he
energ
y
at
(
3)
thr
ee
mete
r
hei
gh
t
le
vel
is
le
ss
eff
ic
ie
nt
t
han
lowe
r
heig
ht.
Acc
ord
ing
to
t
he
obta
ined
res
ults,
the
project
can
s
uppo
rt
the
go
vernme
nt
an
d
the
main
distri
bu
ti
on
i
n
te
rms of o
per
at
ion
c
os
t a
nd s
uppl
ying
distrib
ution g
rid
.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
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Abas,
A.
Ka
la
ir
,
and
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.
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an
.
“Re
v
ie
w
of
foss
il
fu
el
s
an
d
futur
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ene
rgy
technolog
ie
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at
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al
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v
iou
r
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a
Savonius
Wi
nd
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ne
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ys duri
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nergy
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Hu
e
t
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“
E
ffe
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an
al
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power
coe
f
ficie
nt
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ancem
en
t
of
a
conv
ec
t
ive
wind
en
erg
y
collecting
device
in
the
expr
essw
ay
.
”
En
ergy
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ve
r
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ja
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“A
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al
for
I
mpl
ement
at
ion
of
W
ind
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rg
y
Harve
st
ing
Sys
te
m
in
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ai
ns
.
”
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ati
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la
ve
an
d
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y
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ind
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n
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Q
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)
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“Ane
momete
r
UN
I
-
T
UT362
US
B ::
UN
I
-
T.
”
[Onlin
e].
Avai
l
abl
e
:
h
tt
ps:/
/www
.
uni
-
t.cz/en/
p
/anemomete
r
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un
i
-
t
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ut362
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019].
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u
ma
r,
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aa
h
e
mi
far
,
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A.
S.
Fung
.
“De
sign,
mode
li
ng
and
e
c
onomi
c
p
erf
orm
anc
e
of
a
ver
ti
c
a
l
axi
s wind turbin
e
.
”
En
ergy
Re
po
rts
,
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19
–
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2018
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O.
Z
ebr
aou
i
and
M.
Bouz
i
.
“I
mpr
oved
MP
PT
controls
for
a
stand
alone
PV
/
wind
/
b
atter
y
hybrid
en
er
g
y
sys
te
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.
”
Int
.
J.
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r
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e
ct
ro
n.
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hpava
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“Per
form
an
ce
an
al
ysis
o
f
h
ybrid
pho
tovol
t
ai
c
/
wind
ene
rgy
sys
te
m
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Y boost
conv
erter
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”
Int
.
J. P
owe
r E
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v
e
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.
,
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Y.
Peng
,
H.
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.
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u
.
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p
erf
orma
n
ce
asse
ss
me
nt
of
H
-
rot
or
ver
t
ic
a
l
axi
s
wind
turbi
n
es
with
diffe
ren
t aspec
t
r
at
ios
in
turbu
le
n
t
flows vi
a
exp
erime
nts
.
”
Ene
rgy
,
vol.
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Li,
P.
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ene
ra
ti
on
c
a
lc
ul
at
ion
m
et
ho
d
for
v
ertical
a
xis
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turbi
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e
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rol
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”
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2015
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rnat
ional
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onfe
renc
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chi
ne
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rne
ti
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s
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im
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ine
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la
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le
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ps:
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raq
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ct
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ci
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o
el
c
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gov.
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m
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cc
essed
:
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-
Feb
-
2019]
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[21]
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et
a
l.
“An
ec
olog
ica
l
fea
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il
i
ty
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y
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developin
g
sus
ta
ina
bl
e
str
ee
t
li
ght
ing
sys
te
m
Kingdom
of
Saudi
Arabi
a
.
”
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.
Cl
ean. P
rod.
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[22]
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Expre
ss
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B
aghda
d
to
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me
d
El
qassim
Road
,
Baghda
d
-
Goo
gle
Map
s
.
”
[Online
]
.
Ava
il
ab
le:
htt
ps://
ww
w.goo
gle
.
iq/
m
aps/di
r/3
3.
3019606,
44
.
46
62193/Dora+
Ex
pre
ss
way,
+Ba
gh
dad/
@33.26448
22,
44.
3935381
,
12.
92z/
d
at
a
=!4m8!4m7!1m0!
1m
5!1m1!1s0x1559d51c540f
5c1f
:
0xe44e
d23ff3d1
38b8!2m2!1d44.373577!2d33.23
7
6577.
[Ac
ce
ss
ed
:
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-
Feb
-
2019]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Highway
wi
nd
po
we
r
ene
rg
y
as
sess
me
nt o
f
Al
-
D
ur
r
a Hig
hw
ay
…
(
Ad
nan Ah
me
d
A
bdul
Ra
heem
)
2061
B
IOGRAP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Adnan
Ahmed
Abdulra
heem
r
e
ce
iv
ed
h
is
m
aste
r
of
el
e
ct
r
ic
a
l
engi
n
ee
r
ing
fr
om
Ach
ary
a
Naga
rjuna
Univ
ersit
y,
ind
ia
(AN
U)
in
2016
.
Pr
ior
to
th
is
he
ha
d
gra
du
at
ed
his
f
irst
degr
ee
from
Depa
rtment
of
E
le
c
tri
c
al
Engi
n
eering.
Al
-
Furat
A
l
-
Aw
sat
Univer
s
it
y,
T
ec
hni
ca
l
C
oll
ag
e
of
Al
-
Mus
saib
(2011
-
2012)
Now
he
is
an
assist
le
c
turer
in
Techni
ca
l
In
stit
ute
of
Ba
’
aq
ubah
,
Middle
Te
chn
ic
a
l
Univ
e
r
sity,
Ir
aq.
His
rese
arc
h
intere
st
s
li
e
p
red
om
inantly
in
th
e
ar
ea
of
ren
ewa
bl
e
source
s of ene
rg
y.
Em
ail:
adna
n
.
a
lsume
ri@m
tu.edu.iq
Wa
dhah
Esm
aeel
Ibr
aheem
re
ce
iv
ed
his
ma
s
te
r
of
e
le
c
trica
l
engi
n
ee
r
ing
fr
om
Univer
si
ti
Te
knik
al
Ma
la
ys
ia
Me
la
ka
(UTe
M)
in
2014.
Prio
r
to
thi
s
he
had
gra
duated
his
fir
st
degr
e
e
fro
m
Depa
rtment
of
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Engi
n
ee
ring
,
Unive
rsit
y
of
Diyala
in
Ir
aq
(2005
-
2009).
Now
he
is
an
assist
l
ec
tur
er
i
n
T
ec
hni
cal
Ins
ti
tute
of
B
a’a
qu
bah,
Middle
Techni
c
al
Univer
s
it
y,
Ira
q
.
His
rese
arc
h
in
te
r
est
s
li
e
pre
do
mi
nan
tl
y
in
th
e
area
of
ren
ew
abl
e
sourc
es
of
ene
rgy
and
the
Imp
ac
t
of
PV
sys
te
m
in
d
istri
buti
on
grids
.
Em
ail:
wadha
h
.
e
smae
e
l87@m
tu
.
edu.
iq
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.