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o
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th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
d
u
al
in
p
u
t
d
c
-
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
wh
eth
er
it
is
o
p
er
ated
in
th
e
b
u
ck
m
o
d
e
,
b
o
o
s
t
m
o
d
e
o
r
b
u
c
k
b
o
o
s
t
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
t
h
e
d
er
i
v
ed
c
o
n
v
er
ter
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
b
u
c
k
,
b
o
o
s
t a
n
d
b
u
ck
b
o
o
s
t b
asic c
o
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
ies.
T
ab
le
1
d
ep
icts
th
e
d
u
a
l
i
n
p
u
t
d
c
-
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
ie
s
h
av
i
n
g
s
i
m
ilatie
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
b
asic
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
u
n
d
er
w
h
ich
f
e
w
co
n
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
g
r
o
u
p
ed
u
n
d
er
th
e
s
a
m
e
ca
te
g
o
r
y
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
eq
u
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
DI
D
C
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
g
i
v
en
in
t
h
e
tab
le
ab
o
v
e
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
s
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
es
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
o
th
er
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
i
n
th
e
liter
at
u
r
e
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
a
v
ailab
le
s
in
g
le
in
p
u
t
an
d
d
u
al
in
p
u
t
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
b
y
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
th
e
b
asic
p
u
ls
a
ti
n
g
ce
ll
li
k
e
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
ce
ll
in
th
e
ex
is
t
in
g
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
t
h
e
n
e
w
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
ca
n
b
e
d
er
iv
ed
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
n
e
w
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
b
y
in
cl
u
d
in
g
t
h
e
P
VSC
ce
l
l
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
th
e
s
i
m
i
l
aties
in
t
h
e
t
w
o
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
is
clea
r
l
y
v
i
s
ib
le.
T
h
ese
ar
e
d
er
i
v
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
p
ar
allel
co
n
n
ec
ted
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
201
7
:
804
–
8
1
1
806
T
ab
le
1
.
Dif
f
er
en
t D
u
al
I
n
p
u
t
T
o
p
o
lo
g
ies
w
it
h
Si
m
ilar
i
ties
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
T
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
O
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
Eq
u
a
t
i
o
n
B
u
c
k
b
a
se
d
M
u
l
t
i
p
o
r
t
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
D
o
u
b
l
e
i
n
p
u
t
b
u
c
k
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
[
3
]
V
O
=
d
1
∗
V
1
+
d
2
∗
V
2
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
b
u
c
k
-
b
u
c
k
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
[
4
]
V
O
=
d
1
∗
V
1
+
d
2
∗
V
2
Tw
o
-
i
n
p
u
t
B
u
c
k
-
S
EPI
C
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
V
0
=d
1
V
1
+V
2
(d
2
/
(
1
-
d
2
))
B
o
o
st
b
a
se
d
M
u
l
t
i
p
o
r
t
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
D
u
a
l
i
n
p
u
t
B
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
V
0
=V
2
/
(
1
-
d
2
)
+
V
1
/
(
1
-
d
1
)
Tw
o
-
i
n
p
u
t
B
o
o
st
-
S
EPI
C
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
[
6
]
V
0
=V
2
/
(
1
-
d
2
)
-
V
1
/
(
1
-
d
1
)
B
u
c
k
b
o
o
st
b
a
se
d
M
u
l
t
i
p
o
r
t
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
D
o
u
b
l
e
i
n
p
u
t
b
u
c
k
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
[
5
]
V
0
=V
1
d
1
+V
2
d
2
/
(
1
-
d
1
-
d
2
)
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
d
o
u
b
l
e
i
n
p
u
t
b
u
c
k
-
b
u
c
k
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
V
O
=
(
V
1
d
1
+V
2
d
2
)
/
(
1
-
d
2
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
To
p
o
lo
g
ica
l c
o
mp
a
r
is
o
n
o
f D
u
a
l
-
I
n
p
u
t D
C
-
DC
C
o
n
ve
r
ters
(
A
.
La
va
n
ya
)
807
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Der
iv
ed
d
u
al
in
p
u
t d
c
-
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
a
n
o
n
is
o
lated
d
u
al
i
n
p
u
t
D
C
/D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
as
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
o
p
er
a
te
eith
er
i
n
b
u
ck
,
b
o
o
s
t
o
r
b
u
ck
–
b
o
o
s
t
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
w
it
h
p
o
s
s
ib
il
it
y
o
f
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
a
n
d
is
ca
p
ab
le
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
d
iv
er
s
i
f
icat
io
n
f
r
o
m
r
en
e
w
ab
le
an
d
s
to
r
ag
e
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
in
d
i
v
id
u
a
ll
y
o
r
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
[
7
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Du
al
in
p
u
t d
c
-
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
[
7
]
3.
CO
M
P
ARATI
VE
ANA
L
YS
I
S DU
A
L
I
NP
U
T
T
O
P
O
L
O
G
I
E
S
Du
al
in
p
u
t
d
c
d
c
c
o
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
f
e
w
ar
e
tak
e
n
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
.
T
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
o
f
th
ese
co
n
v
er
ter
s
a
n
d
th
eir
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
s
ar
e
lis
ted
in
T
ab
le
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
201
7
:
804
–
8
1
1
808
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
DI
DC
T
o
p
o
lo
g
ies an
d
its
f
ea
t
u
r
es
S
n
o
D
u
a
l
i
n
p
u
t
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
F
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
a
d
v
a
n
t
a
g
e
s
1
T
h
i
s b
i
-
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
se
p
a
r
a
t
e
i
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
s fo
r
e
a
c
h
i
n
p
u
t
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
b
u
c
k
/
b
o
o
st
c
a
p
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
d
u
r
i
n
g
p
r
o
p
u
l
si
o
n
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
a
d
v
a
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
f
e
w
e
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
sw
i
t
c
h
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
me
n
t
s.
2
I
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
c
a
n
b
e
c
h
a
r
g
e
d
b
y
mu
l
t
i
p
l
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
so
u
r
c
e
s i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
l
y
o
r
si
mu
l
t
a
n
e
o
u
sl
y
.
A
l
l
o
w
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
sh
a
r
i
n
g
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
i
r
i
n
p
u
t
so
u
r
c
e
s.
3
T
h
i
s c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
h
a
s t
h
r
e
e
p
o
w
e
r
sw
i
t
c
h
e
s t
h
r
e
e
p
o
w
e
r
d
i
o
d
e
s a
n
d
t
w
o
i
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
s.
Ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
t
h
i
s
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
i
s
b
e
t
t
e
r
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
e
x
i
st
i
n
g
dc
-
d
c
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
4
T
h
i
s c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
h
a
s si
x
p
o
w
e
r
s
w
i
t
c
h
e
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
d
i
o
d
e
s a
n
d
t
h
r
e
e
i
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
s.
T
h
i
s b
i
-
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
c
a
n
a
c
t
a
s
d
u
a
l
i
n
p
u
t
si
n
g
l
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
r
si
n
g
l
e
i
n
p
u
t
d
u
a
l
o
u
t
p
u
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
.
4.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
AND
ANA
L
YS
I
S
T
h
e
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
2
an
d
3
m
e
n
ti
o
n
ed
in
th
e
ab
o
v
e
T
ab
le
2
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
an
al
y
s
is
.
MA
T
L
A
B
a
n
d
P
SIM
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
to
o
ls
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
s
i
m
u
late
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
cir
cu
it
s
w
it
h
V
d
c1
=5
0
V,
DU
T
Y
C
YC
L
E
=5
0
%,
Vd
c2
=5
0
V,
L
O
A
D=
1
0
0
0
o
h
m
s
,
Fs
=1
0
k
Hz
,
C
0
=3
0
0
0
µF,
L
1
=L
2
=1
5
0
m
H
an
d
t
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
co
n
v
er
ter
s
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lt
a
g
e
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
b
elo
w
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Du
al
in
p
u
t d
c
-
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
cir
c
u
it (
T
ab
le
2
(
3
)
)
an
d
s
i
m
u
lated
s
w
itc
h
v
o
ltag
e
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
To
p
o
lo
g
ica
l c
o
mp
a
r
is
o
n
o
f D
u
a
l
-
I
n
p
u
t D
C
-
DC
C
o
n
ve
r
ters
(
A
.
La
va
n
ya
)
809
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a)
.
Si
m
u
la
ted
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
s
a
n
d
h
ar
d
war
e
s
etu
p
–
DI
DC
to
p
o
lo
g
y
T
ab
le
2
(
3
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
.
E
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lts
: s
w
itc
h
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
A
b
i
-
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
ca
s
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
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5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Du
al
i
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p
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c
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v
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ter
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h
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ap
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n
th
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v
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io
u
s
ap
p
licatio
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s
,
s
tr
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ct
u
r
e,
r
eliab
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co
s
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n
u
m
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er
o
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e
co
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p
o
n
e
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ts
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s
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in
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h
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ter
.
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h
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p
ap
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a
n
o
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all
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ab
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itab
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D
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t
d
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d
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-
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lat
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d
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eliab
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o
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s
ap
p
licatio
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e
y
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t
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o
th
in
u
n
i
d
ir
ec
tio
n
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n
d
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
m
o
d
es
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
W
u
h
u
a
L
i,
Xia
n
g
n
in
g
He
,
―
N
o
n
iso
late
d
Hig
h
-
S
te
p
-
Up
DC/D
C
Co
n
v
e
rters
in
P
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
G
rid
-
Co
n
n
e
c
ted
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s‖
,
IEE
E
tra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stria
l
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
Vo
l.
5
8
,
NO
.
4
,
A
P
RIL
2
0
1
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
To
p
o
lo
g
ica
l c
o
mp
a
r
is
o
n
o
f D
u
a
l
-
I
n
p
u
t D
C
-
DC
C
o
n
ve
r
ters
(
A
.
La
va
n
ya
)
811
[2
]
O
m
a
r
H
e
g
a
z
y
,
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
El
B
a
g
h
d
a
d
i,
Jo
e
ri
V
a
n
M
ierl
o
,
P
h
il
i
p
p
e
L
a
taire
,
T
h
ierr
y
Co
o
se
m
a
n
s
,
‖
A
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
a
b
id
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
m
u
lt
ip
o
r
t
DC/DC
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
b
a
tt
e
r
y
e
lec
tri
c
v
e
h
icle
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s‖
,
1
6
t
h
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
2
0
1
4
.
[3
]
Ka
rtee
k
G
u
m
m
i
a
n
d
M
e
h
d
i
F
e
rd
o
w
s,‖
Do
u
b
le
-
In
p
u
t
DC
–
DC
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
Co
n
v
e
rters
f
o
r
El
e
c
tri
c
-
Driv
e
V
e
h
icle
s
—
T
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
Ex
p
lo
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
S
y
n
th
e
sis
Us
in
g
a
S
i
n
g
le
-
P
o
le
T
rip
le
-
T
h
ro
w
S
w
it
c
h
‖
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
V
OL
.
5
7
,
NO
.
2
,
F
EBRUA
RY 2
0
1
0
.
[4
]
Ho
n
g
f
e
i
W
u
,
Ka
i
S
u
n
,
M
e
m
b
e
r,
S
h
u
n
Di
n
g
,
a
n
d
Ya
n
X
in
g
,
‖
T
o
p
o
lo
g
y
D
e
riv
a
ti
o
n
o
f
No
n
is
o
late
d
T
h
re
e
-
P
o
rt
DC
–
DC Co
n
v
e
rters
F
ro
m
DIC an
d
D
OC‖
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
w
e
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
V
o
l.
2
8
,
NO
.
7
,
J
UL
Y 2
0
1
3
.
[5
]
K.
S
u
n
d
a
re
sw
a
ra
n
,
Kira
n
.
S
.
K
u
r
u
v
in
a
sh
e
tt
i,
Ha
ri
p
ra
sa
d
.
B,
P
.
S
a
n
k
a
r‖
Ou
tp
u
t
Vo
lt
a
g
e
Co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
Du
a
l
In
p
u
t
B
u
c
k
-
Bo
o
st C
o
n
v
e
rter ―
,
IE
EE
IS
GT
Asia
,
2
0
1
3
.
[6
]
V
e
e
ra
c
h
a
r
y
.
M
,
V
i
jay
Ku
m
a
r
T
e
w
a
ri,
A
n
a
n
d
h
.
N
,
‖
T
w
o
-
In
p
u
t
B
o
o
sti
n
g
DC
-
DC
Co
n
v
e
rt
e
r
f
o
r
DC
-
G
rid
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s‖
IEE
E
,
2
0
1
3
.
[7
]
L
a
li
t
Ku
m
a
r,
S
h
a
il
e
n
d
ra
Ja
in
,
‖
A
m
u
lt
ip
le
so
u
rc
e
DC/DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
‖
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
m
s,
El
se
v
ier
,
2
0
1
3
.
[8
]
T
K
S
a
n
th
o
sh
,
C
G
o
v
in
d
a
ra
ju
,
―
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
P
re
d
ictiv
e
Cu
rr
e
n
t
Co
n
tro
ll
e
r
f
o
r
M
u
lt
i
-
P
o
rt
D
C/DC
Co
n
v
e
rter,‖
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m
(
IJ
PE
DS
),
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
4
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
.
6
8
3
–
6
9
2
.
[9
]
S
iv
a
p
ra
sa
d
A
th
ik
k
a
l,
Ku
m
a
ra
v
e
l
S
u
n
d
a
ra
m
o
o
rth
y
,
A
sh
o
k
S
a
n
k
a
r
,
―
A
M
o
d
if
ied
Du
a
l
In
p
u
t
DC
-
DC
Co
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
H
y
b
rid
En
e
rg
y
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
‖
In
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m
(
IJ
PE
D
S
)
,
Vo
l
8
,
No
1
2
0
1
7
.
[1
0
]
O.
C.
O
n
a
r,
J.
Ko
b
a
y
a
sh
ian
d
A
.
Kh
a
li
g
h
,
―
A
F
u
ll
y
Dire
c
ti
o
n
a
lUn
iv
e
rsa
lP
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
In
terfa
c
e
f
o
r
EV
,
HEV
,
a
n
d
P
HE
V
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,‖
IE
EE
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
5
4
8
9
–
5
4
9
8
,
De
c
.
2
0
1
3
.
[1
1
]
A
.
Kh
a
li
g
h
,
―
Ba
tt
e
r
y
,
Ultrac
a
p
a
c
it
o
r,
F
u
e
l
Ce
ll
,
a
n
d
Hy
b
rid
En
e
rg
y
S
to
ra
g
e
S
y
ste
m
s
f
o
r
El
e
c
tri
c
,
H
y
b
rid
El
e
c
tri
c
,
F
u
e
l
Ce
ll
,
a
n
d
P
lu
g
-
In
Hy
b
rid
El
e
c
tri
c
V
e
h
icle
s:
S
tate
o
f
th
e
A
rt,
‖
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Veh
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
5
9
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
8
0
6
–
2
8
1
4
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
2
]
S
.
Du
sm
e
z
,
A
.
H
a
sa
n
z
a
d
e
h
,
a
n
d
A.Kh
a
li
g
h
,
―
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
Bid
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
T
h
re
e
-
L
e
v
e
l
DC
–
DC
Co
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
A
u
to
m
o
ti
v
e
A
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s,
‖
IE
EE
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
,
v
o
l.
6
2
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
3
0
5
–
3
3
1
5
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
5
.
[1
3
]
J.S
h
e
n
,
S
.
Du
sm
e
z
,
a
n
d
A
.
Kh
a
li
g
h
,
―
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
S
izin
g
a
n
d
B
a
tt
e
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