In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
2, June
2
01
9, pp.
594~
6
0
1
IS
S
N
: 2088-
86
94,
D
O
I
:
10.11
59
1
/ij
ped
s
.
v10
.
i
2.pp
5
94-
60
1
594
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
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na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
Dimmer and n
e
on transformer
as a power controll
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generator for atmosph
eric pressure plasma jet
R
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ah
M
oh
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2,
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5,
6,
7,
8
Facul
t
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r
i
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a
nd E
l
ect
ronic
E
n
gineering,
U
ni
ve
rsiti Tu
n
H
u
s
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ein O
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a
laysia, M
alaysia
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ti Tu
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On
n
M
al
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i
a, M
al
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Art
i
cl
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fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
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y
:
R
e
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e
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v
e
d
No
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2
9
,
2
018
Re
vise
d Jan
2,
201
9
Ac
ce
p
t
ed
J
an
18
,
2
0
19
The
fe
a
s
ib
il
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K
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s
:
Atmospher
i
c pressu
r
e
p
l
a
sma
jet
Di
mmer
N
e
on
t
r
ans
f
orm
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r
Plasm
a
t
o
r
ch
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Chi
n
F
ho
ng S
o
on
,
F
acul
t
y
o
f
Electri
cal an
d
Elect
ronic E
n
g
i
neeri
n
g
,
Unive
r
siti Tun
Huss
ein Onn
Ma
l
a
ysia,
8
6
4
0
0
Parit Ra
j
a
,
Batu
Pah
at, Joh
or, Ma
l
aysi
a
,
Em
ail:
soo
n
@
ut
hm
.edu.
my
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
Plasm
a
h
as
w
i
d
e
a
p
p
lica
t
i
o
n
in
p
la
sm
a
clea
n
i
n
g
,
s
u
rface
m
od
ific
ati
o
n,
m
od
ify
i
ng
a
dhe
s
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on
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p
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a
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tc
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o
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se
mic
ond
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k
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teria
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ssi
ng,
p
lasm
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m
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i
ne
a
n
d
f
o
o
d
s
t
e
r
i
l
iz
at
i
o
n
[
1
-
2
]
.
P
las
m
a is
a h
ig
h
l
y
i
o
niz
e
d
a
nd
elec
t
r
i
c
a
l
l
y co
n
duc
t
i
v
e
gas w
it
h posi
t
ive
io
ns, fre
e
e
l
ectro
ns
and
ra
d
i
c
a
ls
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
a
t
l
ow
p
r
e
ssures
or
h
i
g
h
tem
p
era
t
ur
e
ge
ne
ra
ll
y
.
G
en
e
r
al
l
y
,
p
l
as
m
a
i
s
a
goo
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
c
o
ndu
c
t
o
r
a
nd
t
h
e
d
en
si
ty
o
f
th
e
pl
asma
c
an
b
e
co
nt
rol
l
e
d
by
t
h
e e
l
ec
t
r
i
c
a
nd
m
ag
ne
tic fi
e
ld
s
[3]
.
The
a
moun
t
of
p
la
sm
a
pro
duce
d
d
e
p
e
n
ds
o
n
t
h
e
de
gre
e
o
f
i
o
niza
t
i
o
n
a
nd
tem
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
s
.
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
t
y
p
e
o
f
g
a
s
e
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
H
e
li
um,
A
r
gon
,
N
itro
g
e
n
,
C
a
rbo
n
d
iox
i
de
a
nd
a
i
r
c
a
n
b
e
use
d
t
o
p
r
oduc
e
pl
a
s
ma
[
2
]
.
Pl
a
s
ma
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
di
vide
d
i
n
t
o
t
her
m
a
l
a
n
d
n
on-
therm
a
l
(
c
ol
d
a
t
m
o
sphe
r
i
c
p
l
asm
a
)
t
y
p
e
.
Th
erma
l
pl
a
s
ma
i
s
i
ndu
ce
d
by
elec
tr
ons
a
n
d
h
eav
y
p
a
rt
icle
s
a
t
t
he
s
a
m
e
tem
p
er
at
ure
un
d
e
r
the
rma
l
e
q
u
il
ib
ri
u
m
.
Co
ntrary,
non-therm
a
l
pla
s
ma
s have
t
he
i
o
n
s
an
d e
l
e
c
tro
n
s a
t
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
el
y
low
e
r te
mpe
r
a
t
u
re
or
dow
n to r
oo
m
t
e
mpe
r
ature
[2]
.
In
a
v
ac
u
u
m
c
h
a
m
be
r,
l
ow
p
ressure
p
l
a
sma
ge
nera
t
e
s
h
i
gh
c
o
n
ce
nt
ra
tio
n
o
f
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
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sp
eci
e
s
t
h
a
t
are
fu
nc
ti
o
n
al
t
o
e
t
ch
o
r
dep
o
s
i
t
t
h
i
n
f
i
l
m
s
.
The
di
sa
d
v
an
ta
ges
of
the
s
y
st
e
m
a
re
h
i
g
h
ma
int
e
na
nce
c
o
s
t
a
n
d
t
he
si
z
e
o
f
t
h
e
o
b
j
ect
t
o
b
e
p
l
a
s
m
a
-
trea
t
e
d
i
s
l
i
m
ited.
T
o
have
a
n
ec
onom
ic
p
la
sm
a
syste
m
a
nd
w
i
der
a
p
p
l
ic
a
t
io
n
are
a
,
atm
o
sph
e
ric-
pressure
p
lasm
a
is
a
n
a
lter
n
a
t
i
v
e
t
h
a
t
can
b
e
s
o
u
g
h
t
o
u
t
.
F
o
r
gene
rati
on
of
p
l
a
s
m
a
at
atm
o
sphe
ric
pr
essure,
hi
g
h
e
le
ctrica
l
po
t
e
nti
a
l
i
s
r
eq
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i
re
d.
I
n
t
h
e
b
a
s
i
c
s
e
t
u
p
o
f
a
p
l
a
s
m
a
t
o
r
c
h
o
f
a
n
A
P
P
J
syste
m
,
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con
duc
tive
e
l
ec
t
r
o
d
e
(
a
n
o
d
e)
i
s
in
serted
t
o
a
quar
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z
t
u
b
e
a
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g
roun
d
(c
a
t
hod
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)
e
l
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ro
d
e
i
s
wrap
p
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a
r
ound
t
h
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q
u
a
rt
z
tu
b
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.
A
g
r
o
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d
p
l
a
t
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can
a
l
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o
b
e
u
se
d
t
o
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unc
t
i
on
a
s
th
e
c
a
t
h
od
e
of
t
h
e
A
P
P
J
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
i
m
m
e
r
and n
e
o
n
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r as
a po
wer c
o
n
t
r
o
ll
a
b
le
ge
n
e
rator f
o
r …
(
R
os
na
h Mo
h
d
Z
i
n)
59
5
sys
t
em
. Usuall
y
,
qua
rtz i
s
use
d as
a
d
ielec
t
ri
c
m
a
t
e
rial
w
hi
c
h
l
i
mi
ts
t
he c
ur
r
e
nt tha
t f
l
o
w
s ou
t
o
f
t
he tube
.
The
pa
i
r
o
f
ele
c
t
ro
des
ar
e
used
t
o
ene
r
gize
a
nd
disc
harge
t
h
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car
ri
er
g
a
s
es
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nd
re
leasi
n
g
p
l
a
s
ma
j
et
c
o
n
s
i
stin
g
o
f
f
r
e
e
elec
tr
ons,
i
o
ns,
ul
tr
a
-
vio
l
e
t
r
ay
s,
o
z
one
a
nd
r
ea
ct
iv
e
o
x
i
d
a
t
i
v
e
s
p
eci
es
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
e
l
ectri
c
fi
e
l
d
con
t
rol
s
t
h
e
e
l
e
c
tr
om
agne
t
i
c
r
a
d
ia
tio
n
of
t
he
p
lasm
a
[3]
.
S
om
etim
es,
sm
all
p
e
r
ce
n
t
ag
e
of
o
xy
ge
n
is
a
dde
d
t
o
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
t
h
e
ge
nera
t
i
o
n
of c
h
e
m
ic
a
lly
r
e
active
at
oms
and
m
o
lecu
le
s.
The
r
e
ar
e
seve
r
a
l
com
m
on
so
ur
ces
o
f
pow
e
r
s
u
p
p
l
ies
th
at
c
ou
ld
e
n
e
rgi
ze
t
h
e
el
ec
t
r
od
e
s
o
f
pl
a
s
m
a
to
rc
h
at
s
e
v
eral
k
ilovo
lts
[2
]-[5
].
T
h
e
s
e
p
l
a
s
m
a
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
lies
i
nc
l
ude
R
F
pulse
d
h
i
gh
vo
l
t
age
am
p
l
if
i
e
r
[2]
,
z
e
r
o
v
o
l
ta
ge
s
w
itc
hi
n
g
d
r
i
ve
r
/
f
l
y
b
a
c
k
tr
ans
f
or
me
r
[4]
,
D
C
p
u
l
se
d
p
o
w
e
r
sup
p
l
y
[
5]
,
aut
o
tr
ans
f
or
me
r
[6]
an
d
hi
g
h
v
o
lta
ge
m
ixer
a
mpl
i
f
ie
r
[
7
]
.
T
he
y
a
r
e
us
ua
ll
y
hea
v
y,
b
ul
k
y
a
n
d
c
os
tly.
To
e
nergiz
e
a
s
i
mp
le
p
la
sm
a
sy
st
e
m
w
i
t
h
a
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
p
o
w
e
r
s
upp
ly
,
a
h
i
gh
vo
lt
ag
e
po
wer
sup
p
l
y
c
o
nsi
s
ts
o
f
a
lam
p
d
im
m
e
r
dr
iv
i
n
g
a
ne
on
tr
a
n
sf
or
m
e
r
is
p
r
o
pose
d
.
The
obje
c
t
i
v
e
o
f
t
hi
s
pa
pe
r
w
a
s
to
i
n
v
e
s
ti
ga
te
t
he
f
e
a
s
i
bil
i
t
y
o
f
a
p
pl
y
i
ng
a
lam
p
dim
m
e
r
t
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
the
p
o
w
e
r
de
li
ver
e
d
t
o
a
p
la
sm
a
tor
c
h.
Wit
h
t
h
e
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
A
C
po
we
r
s
u
ppl
y
to
t
h
e
n
eo
n
tr
a
n
sf
or
m
e
r
,
t
he
e
m
i
ssio
n
o
f
t
he
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
m
a
g
n
et
ic
r
a
d
iat
i
on
s
of
t
h
e
p
l
asm
a
j
et
c
an
b
e
c
ontr
o
l
l
a
b
le
a
nd
st
ud
ie
d
fo
r
different
a
p
p
l
ica
tion
s
.
In
t
h
i
s
wo
rk
,
th
e
eff
e
c
t
s
of
v
ar
y
i
n
g
th
e
in
p
u
t
A
C
p
ow
er
s
up
p
l
y
o
f
t
he
l
am
p
dim
m
er
to
t
he
p
ow
er
s
upp
ly
t
o
a
neo
n
t
r
a
ns
for
m
er
a
nd
tem
p
er
a
t
ur
e
of
t
h
e
p
l
a
s
ma
e
xp
os
ur
e
sit
e
w
i
ll
be
i
n
v
es
t
i
ga
te
d.
2.
RESEARCH METHOD
A
quar
t
z
t
u
be
w
ith
a
n
in
ne
r
d
i
am
ete
r
a
nd
ou
ter
diam
eter
o
f
3 an
d
5 m
m
,
r
espec
tive
l
y
w
a
s
use
d
a
s
the
bo
d
y
o
f
the
p
l
a
s
ma
tor
c
h
(
F
i
gur
e
1(
a)
)
.
A
c
opper
e
l
ec
t
r
od
e
w
a
s
inser
t
ed
t
o
the
gas i
n
le
t c
o
u
p
le
d t
o
the
t
op e
n
d
of
t
he
q
ua
r
t
z
tu
be
w
h
i
le
t
he
c
ath
ode
i
s
a
th
in
c
o
pper
ta
pe
w
ou
n
d
ar
ound
t
h
e
q
u
ar
tz
t
u
b
e.
A
s
show
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
,
a
p
la
sm
a
tor
c
h
w
a
s
disc
har
g
e
d
w
i
t
h
pur
e
ar
go
n
ga
s
a
t
a
f
l
o
w
r
a
t
e
o
f
5
0
L
/
m
i
n
.
T
h
e
h
i
g
h
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
ge
ner
a
t
o
r
c
ons
i
s
ts
o
f
a
A
C
d
im
m
e
r
c
onne
ct
ed
t
o
a
8.
6
k
p
-
p
V
ne
o
n
t
r
a
n
sf
orme
r
w
i
t
h
a
n
ou
tpu
t
p
o
w
er
o
f
60W
an
d
36k
Hz.
The
bo
ost
e
d
vol
t
a
g
e
f
ro
m
th
e
n
e
o
n
t
ran
s
fo
r
m
er
w
a
s
s
u
p
p
l
i
e
d
t
o
a
p
lasm
a
tor
c
h.
A
cc
or
d
i
ng
t
o
its
spec
if
ica
t
i
o
n,
t
he
n
eo
n
tr
a
n
sf
or
me
r
ac
ce
p
t
s
in
p
u
t
r
a
ng
ing
be
t
w
e
en
1
10
V
a
n
d
240
V
a
t
5
0
/
60
H
z.
T
h
e
d
i
m
me
r
su
ppli
e
s
A
C
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
v
a
r
y
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
6
0
V
t
o
230
V
by
a
dj
usti
ng
t
h
e
po
t
e
nt
io
me
t
e
r
o
f
t
h
e
l
amp
di
mme
r
.
Th
e
di
sta
n
ce
b
etw
e
e
n
t
he
d
isc
h
ar
ged
p
l
asm
a
p
l
u
m
e
s
t
o
t
he
s
a
m
ple
s
t
a
ge
(
a
gl
a
s
s
sli
d
e)
i
s
a
ppr
ox
ima
t
e
l
y
15
mm
(
F
igur
e
1(
b)
)
.
T
he
w
ho
le
s
ys
t
e
m
w
a
s
set
u
p
w
i
t
h
a
v
a
r
iab
l
e
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
d
b
y
a
d
i
m
m
e
r
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
A
P
P
J
a
t
r
o
o
m
t
emp
e
ratu
re.
(a)
(
b
)
F
i
gur
e
1.
(
a)
T
he
b
loc
k
d
ia
gr
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
a
t
m
o
sph
e
r
i
c
pr
e
s
sur
e
p
la
sm
a
j
e
t
sy
st
e
m
d
r
i
ve
n
by
a
c
ontr
o
lla
b
l
e
pow
e
r
o
u
t
pu
t
f
r
om
a
n
A
C
d
i
m
m
e
r
and
n
e
o
n
pow
e
r
t
r
a
nsf
o
r
m
er.
(
b
)
T
h
e
p
l
asma
d
i
s
ch
arg
e
p
rod
u
c
e
d
.
F
o
r
the
ele
c
tr
i
cal
c
hara
cteri
s
ati
o
n,
a
h
ig
h
vo
l
t
age
pro
b
e
(P601
5A
,
Tektr
o
n
i
x,
U
S
A
)
of
a
d
ig
ita
l
osc
i
l
l
o
sc
o
p
e
(
A
gi
l
e
n
t
D
S
O
X20
2
2
,
U
S
A
)
a
nd
a
pow
e
r
m
e
t
e
r
(
P
ZEM-
0
6
1,
e
ba
y.
c
o
m)
w
er
e
use
d
t
o
m
e
a
s
ur
e
the
c
u
r
r
e
nt
,
v
o
l
ta
ge
a
nd
p
o
w
e
r
sup
p
lie
d
t
o
t
he
n
e
o
n
s
i
g
n
t
r
a
nsf
or
me
r
.
T
he
r
oo
t
me
ans
s
quar
e
(
RMS
)
c
ur
r
e
nt
o
u
tp
ut
f
ro
m
t
h
e
d
i
mmer
w
as
m
e
a
s
u
r
ed
u
sing
a
h
al
l
-
ef
f
ect
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
c
o
il
w
r
appe
d
ar
o
u
n
d
t
he
o
u
t
pu
t
w
i
r
e
o
f
the
dimm
er
t
o
the
neo
n
t
r
a
ns
f
o
r
m
er
.
The gr
o
u
n
d
p
r
o
be
o
f
the
h
i
g
h v
o
l
t
a
g
e pr
o
b
e
w
a
s c
o
nnec
t
e
d
t
o th
e
gr
o
u
n
d
ter
m
ina
l
o
f
t
h
e
osc
i
l
l
o
sc
o
p
e.
A
f
our
-
c
ha
nn
el
h
a
n
d-
he
l
d
d
i
g
it
a
l
t
h
e
r
mo
me
t
e
r
wi
t
h
K
-
T
yp
e
th
e
r
mo
c
ouple
sen
s
o
r
w
as
u
se
d
t
o
m
ea
su
re
t
h
e
t
empera
t
u
re
o
f
t
h
e
gl
a
s
s
sli
d
e
a
n
d
q
ua
r
t
z
t
ube
.
T
h
e
te
m
p
er
atur
e
w
a
s
t
a
ken
e
v
er
y
1
0
s
ec
on
d
s
w
ith
p
l
a
sma
ir
r
a
diat
ion
f
o
r
appr
ox
im
ate
l
y
60
s
eco
nd
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 2
,
Ju
n
e
2
019
:
5
9
4
–
6
01
59
6
3.
RESU
L
T
S
A
ND ANALY
S
IS
The
cur
r
en
t
of
t
he
l
am
p
d
i
m
m
e
r
show
s
dim
m
i
ng
c
u
r
v
es
i
n
a
si
gmo
i
d
c
u
rv
e
wi
th
r
esp
ect
t
o
the
ad
j
u
st
ed
v
olt
a
ge
o
f
th
e
di
mme
r
(F
i
g
u
r
e
2
(
a)).
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
out
put
s
o
f
the
la
mp
d
imm
e
r
in
cr
ea
se
d
qua
dratica
l
l
y
w
i
t
h
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
t
o
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
.
F
o
r
t
h
e
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
d
i
mme
r
o
ut
put
v
olt
a
g
e
r
a
ngi
ng
f
ro
m
60
t
o
22
0
V
,
the
p
o
w
e
r
an
d
cur
r
e
nt
o
ut
pu
ts
o
f
t
h
e
d
i
m
m
er
w
e
r
e
c
h
ange
d
fr
om
8
.
4
t
o
8
3
.
6
W
a
nd
0.
0
8
a
nd
0
.
38
A
,
r
e
spec
tive
l
y.
T
h
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
d
e
l
i
v
er
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
ne
on
tr
ans
f
or
me
r
w
a
s
r
elati
v
e
l
y
l
o
w
.
I
n
th
e
e
xper
i
m
e
n
t
,
it
w
a
s
f
o
und
t
ha
t
no
p
l
a
sma
w
a
s
d
i
sc
har
g
e
a
b
le
w
hen
t
h
e
d
i
mm
e
r
v
o
ltage
w
a
s
less
t
ha
n
6
0
V
or
a
t
10
W.
T
hi
s
is
r
easona
ble
bec
a
use
t
h
e
t
y
pic
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
of
t
he
n
e
o
n
tr
a
n
sf
or
me
r
i
s
60
W.
A
l
t
ho
u
gh,
t
h
e
d
im
me
r
wo
rk
s
on
v
ary
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
ff
ec
tiv
e
Vp
-p
b
as
e
d
o
n
th
e
ph
ase
an
gl
e
o
f
f
i
r
st
a
nd
s
ec
ond
h
alf
cy
cl
e
of
w
av
e
f
o
r
m,
i
t
c
a
n
de
liver
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
V
r
m
outp
u
t
t
o
the
ne
on
t
r
ans
f
or
m
e
r
(
F
i
gur
e
2
(
a
)
)
.
F
i
gur
e
2(
b)
s
how
s
the
e
ffe
cts
o
f
va
r
y
in
g
t
h
e
vol
tage
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
the
dim
m
e
r
t
o
the
tem
p
er
at
ur
e of
the
p
l
asm
a
e
xp
os
ur
e s
i
t
e
o
n
t
h
e
g
l
ass
sl
i
d
e.
A
s
the
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
va
ried
f
r
o
m
60
t
o
2
20V
,
the
te
m
p
era
t
u
r
e
o
f
t
he
p
las
m
a
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
s
i
t
e
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
l
i
n
e
a
r
l
y
f
r
o
m
35
o
–5
3
o
C.
T
his
is
a
p
p
r
oxim
a
ti
o
n
t
o
the
cha
r
ac
t
e
ristic
o
f
n
on-
therm
a
l
p
lasma
[2
]
an
d
ind
u
ced
non
-d
amag
ing
e
ffe
c
t
s
t
o
t
he
s
am
pl
e
un
der
ir
r
a
dia
tio
n
of
t
he
A
P
P
J
.
T
he
d
e
t
r
i
m
en
t
a
l
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
t
h
e p
l
asma
ou
t
pu
t
ma
y
b
e
r
el
a
t
ed
to
t
he
p
ow
er
a
nd
c
u
r
r
ent
de
l
i
ve
r
to
t
he
p
las
m
a
t
o
r
c
h.
A
c
c
or
d
i
n
g
t
o
a
pr
e
v
i
ous
s
t
u
d
y
[
8]
,
the
cur
r
ent
de
l
i
ve
r
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ne
on
tr
a
n
sf
or
m
e
r
to
t
he
p
la
sm
a
t
o
r
c
h
a
t
a
p
p
r
o
x
i
ma
t
e
ly
9.
8
m
A
p-
p
w
a
s
s
how
n
t
o
b
e
n
on-
des
t
r
u
ct
i
v
e
to
t
he
s
am
ple
.
T
o
pr
o
duc
e
pl
a
s
ma
w
i
t
h
des
t
r
u
ct
i
v
e
e
f
fe
c
t
,
h
i
g
h
e
r
c
u
r
r
ent
o
f
a
f
ew
a
m
p
er
e
s
s
ho
ul
d
be
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
to t
he
p
lasm
a torc
h [4]
.
(a
)
(b
)
F
i
gur
e
2.
(
a
)
T
he
r
e
l
at
ions
h
i
p
of
pow
er
a
nd
cur
r
ent
t
o
t
h
e
o
ut
p
ut
v
o
l
ta
ge
o
f
the d
i
m
m
e
r
, (b)
Tem
p
er
ature
me
asur
e
d
a
dja
c
e
nt
t
o
the
p
l
as
m
a
e
xposur
e
site
on
t
h
e
g
l
a
s
s
slid
e
The
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
of the
q
ua
r
t
z
tube
a
n
d
g
la
ss
s
ur
fac
e
w
er
e
m
oni
t
or
ed
o
ve
r
t
i
m
e
u
p
on
t
h
e
o
n
se
t
o
f
the
pla
s
m
a
t
or
c
h
a
nd
ar
g
on
ga
s
i
n
f
u
s
i
o
n
.
A
c
o
mpa
r
iso
n
w
a
s
m
a
d
e
betw
e
e
n
the
tem
p
era
t
ur
e
m
easur
ed
f
or
qua
rtz
tu
be
a
n
d
g
la
ss
s
l
i
de
.
In
te
rest
ing
l
y,
t
he
t
e
m
p
e
rature
s
de
ter
m
in
e
d
fo
r
bot
h
su
rf
a
c
e
s
i
nd
i
c
a
t
e
d
w
it
h
a
c
r
os
s-
o
v
er
a
t
2
0
se
co
n
d
s
(
F
i
gur
e
3)
.
Dur
i
ng
the
f
i
r
s
t
20
se
c
o
n
d
s
w
h
en
t
he
p
l
a
s
m
a
t
o
r
c
h
w
a
s
e
n
e
r
g
i
z
e
d
a
t
6
k
V
a
n
d
3
3
k
H
z,
t
h
e
qua
r
t
z
t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
ure
wa
s
f
o
und
h
igh
e
r
th
a
n
t
he
g
l
a
ss
s
ur
f
ace
t
em
per
a
t
u
r
e
w
hic
h
i
s
r
e
la
te
d
to
t
he
a
ccum
u
l
a
t
i
on
of
e
le
c
t
r
o
n
s
a
n
d
i
o
n
ize
d
g
as
a
t
the
a
n
o
d
e
of
t
he
p
lasm
a
t
o
rch.
T
h
i
s
cause
d
a
hi
g
h
er
t
em
pe
ra
t
u
r
e
of
5
0
o
C
m
e
a
s
ur
ed at t
h
e
quar
t
tube
o
f
the
pla
s
m
a
tor
ch.
T
h
e
tem
p
er
at
u
re
o
f
th
e
g
l
as
s
s
l
id
e was
l
o
wer
at
3
5
o
C.
The
em
iss
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
pla
s
m
a
p
l
u
m
e
w
a
s
obs
e
r
ved
w
i
t
h
i
nst
a
ble
d
i
s
c
h
a
r
ge
s
f
o
r
an
ope
ra
t
i
o
n
tim
e
less
t
h
an
2
0
sec
o
n
d
s
.
Th
e
fu
ll
d
i
s
c
h
a
r
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
el
ect
ro
ns
a
n
d
i
on
i
z
e
d
g
a
s
r
e
ac
hed
t
h
e
sur
f
a
ce
of
t
he
g
la
ss
s
li
de
c
a
u
se
d
a
r
a
ise
of
t
emp
e
r
a
tu
re
fro
m
3
5
to
5
5
o
C
a
f
t
e
r
2
0
s
ec
onds
o
f
o
p
e
r
at
io
n
tim
e.
T
he
t
em
per
a
t
u
r
e
a
t
the
q
u
a
r
tz
t
ube
surface
d
ec
rea
s
e
d
s
lig
h
t
l
y
t
o
42
o
C.
T
he
r
es
ul
t
pr
ese
n
te
d
i
n
F
i
gur
e
3
ind
i
ca
tes
t
h
a
t
t
he
p
l
a
sma
t
o
r
c
h
n
eed
s
to
b
e
a
ct
i
v
a
t
e
d
at
l
e
a
s
t
2
0
se
c
onds fo
r
st
a
bi
li
z
a
tio
n
b
e
f
o
re
a
p
p
l
i
cation to sam
p
les.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
i
m
m
e
r
and n
e
o
n
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r as
a po
wer c
o
n
t
r
o
ll
a
b
le
ge
n
e
rator f
o
r …
(
R
os
na
h Mo
h
d
Z
i
n)
59
7
F
i
gur
e
3.
T
emper
a
t
u
r
e
m
e
a
sur
e
d
at
t
he
s
ur
f
a
ce
s
of
g
l
a
ss
s
li
de
a
nd
q
u
ar
tz
t
ube
a
t
i
n
put
v
olta
ge
2
40V
a
c
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
s
how
s
t
h
e
ty
p
i
cal
v
ol
ta
ge
w
a
v
e
f
or
m
ou
tp
uts
of
a
l
a
m
p
d
i
m
m
e
r
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
p
l
a
s
m
a
t
o
r
c
h
w
a
s
swi
t
c
h
e
d
o
ff
an
d
wit
h
out
p
u
r
g
i
n
g
th
e
a
r
gon
g
a
s.
T
h
e
w
avef
o
r
ms
w
e
r
e
sw
in
gin
g
i
n
bet
w
e
e
n
3
40V
p
-
p
.
T
he
dim
m
e
r
c
ou
l
d
t
ur
n
o
n
t
he
o
u
t
pu
t
a
t
a
n
a
d
j
u
s
t
ab
le
tim
e
or
c
ha
ng
i
ng
t
h
e
pha
se
a
n
g
l
e
o
f
ea
ch
a
l
t
e
r
n
ati
ng
h
a
lf
c
y
cle
of
t
he
s
i
nus
o
i
dal
w
a
ve
f
o
r
m
s
and
t
hus,
var
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
f
fe
ct
i
ve
r
oo
t
m
e
a
n
s
sq
uar
e
v
al
ue
a
n
d
p
ow
er
o
u
t
pu
t.
A
t
l
ow
vol
tage
o
f
6
0
V
,
a
m
ajor
c
ycle
o
f
t
h
e
f
u
l
l
s
in
uso
i
dal
w
a
v
ef
or
m
s
w
as
“
chop
ped”
w
hi
le
m
ai
nta
i
nin
g
t
h
e
pe
ak
v
o
l
ta
ge
o
f
the
w
a
ve
f
o
r
m
a
s
sh
ow
n
in
F
igur
e
4(
a)
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
(
a)
s
how
s
t
h
a
t
t
he
o
u
t
pu
t
w
a
ve
f
o
r
m
w
as
tur
n
e
d
o
n
a
f
ter
0.
0
1
sec
w
h
e
n
t
he
s
in
us
o
i
da
l
c
r
osse
s
z
e
r
o
vol
tag
e
.
T
h
e
l
a
t
e
r
t
h
e
d
i
m
m
e
r
i
s
f
i
r
e
d
o
r
s
t
a
r
t
s
t
o
co
nd
u
c
t, thu
s, less
p
o
w
er
i
s sup
p
lied
to
th
e
plasma t
o
r
ch
. As
t
he
c
on
tr
o
l
led
vo
l
t
age
i
n
cr
e
a
sed
fr
om
6
0
-
220V
,
the
s
i
nu
so
i
d
al
w
a
v
efor
ms
w
er
e
gr
a
dua
ll
y
r
e
cover
e
d.
T
h
e
m
odu
la
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
wa
vefo
rm
s
is
r
elated
t
o
the
dim
m
e
r
c
on
tro
l
c
irc
u
it.
T
he
d
imm
e
r
c
i
rcuit
con
s
ists
o
f
a
d
i
ac
,
va
riab
le
r
e
s
is
tor
a
nd
c
a
p
ac
i
t
or
t
ha
t
c
o
n
t
ro
l
the
switc
h-o
n
o
f
t
h
e
tr
iac
o
n
ce
r
e
a
c
hi
n
g
t
he
p
e
a
k
o
f
the
inp
u
t
s
i
n
u
s
o
i
d
a
l
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
.
F
o
r
a
l
a
m
p
d
i
m
m
e
r
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
,
the
w
a
ve
f
o
r
m
s
pr
o
duce
d
a
r
e
p
a
r
t
i
al
c
yc
le
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
n
u
s
o
ida
l
w
ave
f
o
r
m
s
w
i
t
h
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
e
d
g
e
s
.
T
h
e
d
i
m
m
e
r
sw
itc
hes
o
n
a
n
d
o
f
f
b
ase
d
on
pha
se
a
ng
le
a
n
d
t
he
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
less
p
o
we
r is
l
os
t.
The
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
pr
ese
n
t
e
d
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
4
w
e
r
e
r
ec
or
de
d
w
i
t
hou
t
sw
it
c
h
i
ng
o
n
t
h
e
pl
a
s
ma
t
o
r
c
h
a
nd
n
eon
tra
n
sform
e
r.
O
nc
e
t
h
e
in
d
u
c
t
i
v
e
l
o
a
d
o
r
tra
n
sform
e
r
w
a
s
switc
he
d
o
n
a
t
vo
l
t
a
g
e
s
l
es
s
t
h
an
1
20V
,
o
v
e
r
sho
o
t
vo
l
t
age
sp
i
k
es
c
ou
ld
b
e
o
b
ser
v
e
d
d
ue
t
o
t
h
e
capa
c
i
t
i
ve
n
a
t
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
ne
o
n
t
r
a
nsf
o
r
m
er
a
s
show
n
in
F
i
g
ur
e
5a
-
c.
T
h
e
i
n
t
erf
e
re
n
c
e
af
fe
ct
s
the
phy
si
c
a
l
i
rra
d
i
ati
on
of
t
h
e
p
l
a
sm
a
p
l
um
e
t
h
at
w
as
o
bser
v
e
d
to
b
e
u
n
st
a
b
l
e
o
nc
e
the
dim
m
e
r
v
ol
t
a
ge
w
a
s
r
ed
uce
d
b
el
ow
1
20V
.
T
h
e
pha
se
a
n
g
l
e
w
a
ve
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
i
m
m
e
r
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
n
e
o
n
tra
n
sform
e
r
lo
ad
(
Fig
u
re
5
(d
-
i
)
)
w
er
e
similar
to
t
he
w
a
v
e
f
orm
s
of
t
he
d
i
m
m
e
r
w
i
t
h
ou
t
the
p
l
asm
a
t
or
ch
l
o
a
d
(
F
igur
e
4(
d-
i)
)
.
T
hi
s
ind
i
c
a
t
e
s
t
hat
the
d
i
m
m
e
r
w
or
ks
f
or
i
n
d
u
c
t
i
v
e
l
o
a
d
w
he
n
t
h
e
d
i
m
m
e
r
vol
t
a
ge
i
s
mor
e
tha
n
120V
.
F
i
gur
e
6
s
how
s
a
t
y
p
i
c
a
l
v
o
l
ta
ge
w
ave
f
or
m
of
t
he
n
e
o
n
transfor
me
r
m
e
a
s
u
r
ed
a
t
t
h
e
ca
tho
d
e
o
f
the
p
l
asm
a
t
or
ch.
T
h
e
en
ve
l
ops
o
f
w
a
vef
o
r
m
(
F
i
gur
e
6)
s
ee
m
e
d
t
o
b
e
sim
i
lar
to
a
m
p
lit
ude
m
o
d
u
la
te
d
w
a
vef
o
r
m
s
in
w
hi
c
h
,
it
w
a
s
for
m
e
d
b
y
m
u
l
t
i
p
le
s
i
nus
o
i
d
a
l
w
a
ve
f
o
r
m
s.
T
he
c
om
po
si
te
w
ave
f
or
m
s
c
ycl
e
r
e
pet
i
ve
l
y
w
he
n
the
d
i
m
m
e
r
sup
p
ly
v
olta
ge
i
s
>1
50V
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 2
,
Ju
n
e
2
019
:
5
9
4
–
6
01
59
8
F
i
gur
e
4.
T
he
o
u
t
pu
t
w
a
vef
o
r
m
s
of
t
he
d
im
m
e
r
tr
ansf
or
m
e
r
by
var
ying
d
i
m
m
e
r
vol
ta
ges
a
t
(
a
)
60V
,
(
b)
80V
,
(c) 100V
, (
d) 1
20V,
(
e
)140V,
(f)
160V,
(
g
) 180V,
(h)
200V,
(i)
220V
.
F
i
gur
e
5.
T
he
o
u
t
pu
t
w
a
vef
o
r
m
s
of
t
he
n
eo
n
t
r
ansf
or
m
e
r
by
v
a
r
y
i
n
g
d
im
me
r
vol
ta
ges
at
(
a)
60V
,
(
b
)
80V
,
(
c)
10
0V
,
(
d
)
120V
,
(
e
)
140V
,
(
f)
160V
,
(
g
)
180
V
,
(
h)
200V
,
(
i
)
220V
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
i
m
m
e
r
and n
e
o
n
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r as
a po
wer c
o
n
t
r
o
ll
a
b
le
ge
n
e
rator f
o
r …
(
R
os
na
h Mo
h
d
Z
i
n)
59
9
To
v
er
i
f
y
i
f
p
l
a
sm
a
em
itt
e
d
i
s
des
t
ruct
i
v
e,
t
he
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
l
a
sma
wa
s
i
rrad
i
at
e
d
t
o
a
l
e
af
f
o
r
30
se
co
nds
a
t
ful
l
power
(
d
i
m
m
er
i
n
p
u
t
a
t
22
0
V
).
P
lausi
b
ly,
t
h
e
le
a
f
w
as
n
ot
f
o
und
w
i
t
h
a
n
y
bur
n
e
x
ce
p
t
a
l
itt
l
e
dr
yne
ss
d
ue
t
o
the
ga
s
f
l
ow
(
F
i
g
u
r
e
7
)
.
T
his
is
s
u
gge
sti
ng
tha
t
t
he
p
la
sm
a
plum
e
pr
od
u
ced
by
the
pr
o
pos
e
d
sys
t
em
w
a
s
n
o
t
c
aus
i
n
g
d
a
m
a
g
in
g
ef
f
e
c
t
s
to a
liv
in
g or
ga
ni
sm.
A
p
r
e
viou
s
stud
y
s
how
n
t
h
at the
A
P
P
J
c
a
n
se
t
to
m
o
d
ify
t
h
e
surfa
ce
pr
o
p
ert
i
es
o
r
we
tt
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
of
f
a
b
ric
wi
th
o
ut
d
a
m
a
g
i
ng
e
ffe
c
t
s
[
8
]
.
T
he
r
esul
t
sh
ow
s
tha
t
n
e
on
t
ra
n
s
fo
rmer-b
as
ed
p
l
a
sma
p
o
w
e
r
g
en
era
t
o
r
h
as
t
h
e
a
dvan
t
a
g
e
o
f d
e
live
r
i
n
g
pl
asma
j
et
a
t
lo
w
cu
rren
t
a
nd
h
e
a
t
t
o
th
e
samp
l
e
e
sp
eci
al
ly
c
ell
s
[
9
-
10
].
S
u
c
h
a
non
-t
h
e
rma
l
A
P
P
J
h
a
s
g
r
e
a
t
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
f
o
r
b
i
o
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
o
r
tex
t
il
e in
d
u
str
y
.
F
i
gur
e
6.
T
he
out
pu
t
w
a
vef
o
r
m
s
of
t
he
n
eo
n
tr
ansf
or
m
e
r
wit
h
a
V
p-
p
of
8
.
6
4
k
V
Fig
u
r
e 7
.
A
l
ea
f
aft
e
r ex
po
su
r
e
t
o
p
l
a
s
ma p
lume o
f an
A
PP
J
f
o
r
30
se
co
nds
.
The
w
h
i
t
e
bo
x
m
a
r
k
ed
t
he
pla
s
m
a
e
xpos
u
r
e
a
r
e
a
o
f
the
l
eaf
.
4.
CONCLUSION
The
dim
m
e
r
c
i
r
cui
t
a
p
p
lied
for
lam
p
b
r
i
g
h
t
n
ess
c
o
ntro
l
is
s
u
ita
bl
e
t
o
b
e
u
s
ed
t
o
c
ont
ro
l
th
e
pl
a
s
ma
e
m
issi
o
n
o
f
a
n
A
P
P
J
r
a
ngin
g
fr
om
i
np
u
t
v
ol
t
a
ge
o
f
6
0
-
2
20V
.
Th
e
p
o
wer
o
u
t
p
ut
o
f
t
h
e
dimm
er
w
a
s
v
a
r
iab
l
e
be
t
w
ee
n
8.
4
t
o
83.
6
W
w
h
e
n
t
he
i
np
u
t
v
o
lta
ge
o
f
d
i
m
m
e
r
w
as
v
ar
i
e
d
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
6
0
-
2
2
0
V
.
T
h
i
s
w
a
s
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
d
by
c
on
tr
o
l
l
i
ng
the
p
h
a
s
e
an
g
l
e
o
f
t
he
s
i
n
us
oida
l
o
u
t
p
ut
o
f
the
d
i
mme
r.
T
h
i
s
rang
e
of
p
ower
w
a
s
s
u
f
fi
c
i
ent
to
r
e
gu
late
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
p
ow
e
r
o
f
the
ne
on
tr
ans
f
or
m
e
r
w
h
ich
r
e
qu
ir
e
s
a
n
o
m
i
nal
p
o
w
e
r
of
6
0
W.
H
ow
e
v
er
,
the
di
scha
r
g
e
of
p
l
a
sm
a
cause
d
i
n
t
e
r
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
t
o
w
a
vef
o
r
m
s
of
t
he
d
im
me
r
o
u
t
put
f
o
r
d
i
mme
r
i
n
put
vol
t
a
g
e
l
e
s
s
tha
n
1
0
0
V
a
n
d
lea
d
t
o
ins
t
a
b
le
p
lasm
a
d
i
s
c
har
g
e.
T
he
t
e
m
pera
tu
r
e
of
t
he
i
r
r
a
dia
t
e
d
s
i
t
e
or
g
lass
s
l
i
de
i
s
li
nea
r
l
y
p
r
o
por
t
i
o
n
al
t
o
the
con
t
r
o
l
v
o
lta
ge
o
f
t
h
e
di
m
m
e
r
.
B
a
s
ed
o
n
the
t
e
mpe
r
atur
e
a
t
t
he
e
x
p
o
s
ur
e
site
r
a
ng
in
g
fr
om
3
5
–
5
3
o
C
an
d
l
o
w
cur
r
en
t
a
p
p
lica
t
i
o
n
t
o
t
he
p
la
sm
a
t
o
r
c
h
(
~
9.
8
mA
pp)
,
t
h
e
pl
asm
a
p
r
o
du
c
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
he
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
p
l
asm
a
s
ys
tem
is
n
o
n
-
da
ma
ging
to
t
he
s
a
m
pl
e
i
r
r
adiate
d.
T
he
e
le
c
t
rica
l
pro
p
ert
i
es
c
h
ar
a
c
ter
i
z
e
d
f
or
t
he
i
mpr
o
v
e
d
A
P
P
J
d
r
i
ven
by
d
i
mm
er
a
nd
n
e
on
t
r
a
n
s
for
m
er
p
r
e
sente
d
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
t
o
be
ap
pl
i
e
d
in
bio
t
e
c
h
nol
ogy
.
ACKNOWLEDGE
ME
N
T
S
Th
is
p
r
o
jec
t
w
as
s
up
por
te
d
by
S
hor
t
Te
r
m
G
r
a
nt
(
S
T
G
)
V
ot
N
o.
U
6
41
a
w
a
r
d
e
d
by
U
n
i
v
er
si
ti
T
u
n
H
u
ssei
n
O
nn
Ma
lays
ia.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
2
, June
20
1
9
:
594
–
6
01
60
0
REFE
RENCES
[1]
Da
yu
n
Ya
n,
et a
l
.
,
“
Co
ld
atm
ospheric
plas
m
a
,
a n
o
vel
promi
s
ing
a
n
ti
-cancer
t
rea
tme
n
t
mo
da
l
i
ty
,”
Oncotarget
, Vo
l
.
8(9
)
,
p
p
.
1
597
7–15
99
5,
2
01
7.
[2]
Vl
adim
i
r
S
choltz,
et al.
,
“
No
nthe
rma
l
p
la
s
m
a
-
a
too
l
f
or
d
e
c
on
ta
m
i
n
a
tion
a
n
d
d
i
s
i
n
f
e
c
t
i
on,”
Bi
o
t
echno
lo
gy
Ad
van
c
es
,
V
o
l
. 3
3(6),
pp
.
11
08
-11
1
9
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3]
S.
Z
eroua
li,
et al
.
,
“
No
n-li
near
c
ont
rol
tech
ni
qu
e
s
a
p
p
l
i
ed
t
o
hi
gh
f
requ
ency
i
n
v
ert
e
rs
f
o
r
i
ndu
cti
on
pl
asma
generator,
”
In
te
rn
atio
na
l J
o
urn
a
l
o
f
Adv
a
n
c
e
d
S
c
ie
n
c
e
an
d Te
c
h
nolog
y
, Vo
l
. 69
,
p
p
. 3
3-4
6
,
20
1
4
.
[4]
Ro
sn
a
h
M
oh
d
Z
i
n
,
et
a
l
.
,
“
Zero
v
o
ltag
e
swit
c
hing
driv
er
a
nd
f
ly
back
t
rans
f
o
rmer
f
or
g
enerat
ion
o
f
a
tm
os
ph
eric
pres
sur
e
p
l
a
sm
a jet
”
,
A
I
P Co
n
f
e
r
ence
Pro
ceedi
ngs
,
Vo
l. 1
88
3(1
)
, p
p
.
0
20
02
3
, 2
01
7.
[5]
Denis
P.
D
owling,
et al.
,
“
I
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
D
C
p
u
l
s
e
d
a
t
m
o
s
p
h
e
r
i
c
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
p
l
a
s
m
a
j
e
t
p
r
o
c
es
sing
co
nd
iti
ons
o
n
po
ly
mer,
”
Activ
ation
Plasma
P
r
ocess Polymer
,
Vo
l
.
8,
p
p
.
7
18–72
7,
201
1.
[6]
L
Giuli
a
ni,
et
al
.
,
“
E
lectri
cal
c
h
a
racterizat
io
n
o
f
a
n
ai
r
micro
p
l
a
sm
a
je
t
o
p
erat
ed
a
t
a
low
f
r
equ
e
ncy
ac
vo
lt
age,”
Jou
r
n
a
l o
f
Ph
ys
ics.
Co
n
f
erence Seri
es
,
Vo
l
.
3
70
,
p
p.
012
01
1,
2
0
1
2,
.
[7]
Rizan
R
i
z
on
E
lfa,
et
al
.
,
“
Co
mparat
iv
e
stu
d
y
b
e
tw
een
c
h
e
m
i
cal
a
nd
a
tm
o
s
ph
eric
p
res
s
u
r
e
p
lasma
jet
cl
eaning
on
gl
ass
su
bstrate,
”
AIP Conf
eren
ce
Pr
oceedi
n
g
s
,
Vol.
1
78
8,
pp.
0
3
0113
,
2
0
1
7
.
[8]
Rizon
Elf
a
,
et
a
l
.
,
“
A
t
m
o
sp
he
ric
p
r
ess
u
re
p
l
a
sm
a
jet
treat
me
n
t
o
f
m
a
l
a
ysian
bati
k
f
a
b
r
ics,
”
Ri
za
n J
o
urn
a
l o
f
T
e
leco
mmu
ni
cati
on
, Electr
onic
and
Com
puter Engin
eeri
n
g
,
Vol
.
9(
3
)
,
p
p
.
8
9-
9
2
, 2
01
7.
[9]
Rizan
R
izo
n
E
lfa,
et al.
,
“
E
l
ectri
cal
a
nd
o
ptical
c
hara
ct
eristic
o
f
atm
o
sph
e
ric
pre
s
su
re
p
l
a
s
m
a
need
le
j
et
d
ri
ven
b
y
neon t
ransform
e
r
,”
AIP
Confer
ence P
r
o
c
eed
in
gs
,
Vo
l.
1
8
83(1
)
,
p
p
.
020
02
6-1
-
020
0
2
6-6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[10]
Ho
ng
bin
L
i
u,
et
al.
,
“
A
n
ov
el
D
C-dri
v
en
a
tm
o
s
ph
erical
-pre
ss
ure
cold
m
i
c
ropl
asm
a
s
o
u
r
ce
f
o
r
bi
o
m
edi
cal
app
l
i
c
at
io
n
,
”
IEEE Tra
n
s
a
ctio
n
o
n
R
a
d
a
ti
on an
d
Pla
s
m
a
M
e
di
cal
Sci
e
n
ces
,
Vol.
1(5),
2
017.
B
I
OGRAPHIES
O
F AUTHO
RS
Ro
snah
M
at
Z
in
i
s
a
s
e
ni
or
l
ectu
r
er
a
t
t
h
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
E
l
ectrica
l
an
d
El
ectron
i
cs
E
ng
ineeri
n
g
,
U
n
iv
ersi
ti
T
un
H
u
ssei
n
O
nn
Mal
a
ysi
a
.
S
h
e
is
g
rad
u
at
e
d
w
i
t
h
a
m
a
st
er’s
d
eg
ree
in
e
l
ectrical
engineering
f
r
o
m
U
niver
s
iti
Tun
Husse
i
n
On
n
M
a
l
a
ysia.
Sh
e
ha
s
m
a
n
y
y
e
ars
of
t
eachi
n
g
ex
perien
c
e
in
ele
c
t
r
on
ics
cours
e
s.
D
r
.
S
o
o
n
C
h
i
n
F
h
o
n
g
is
a
n
as
so
ciate
prof
es
so
r
at
t
he
F
acu
lt
y
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
rical
a
nd
E
l
ectro
nics
E
ngi
neeri
ng,
U
n
i
v
e
rsiti
Tu
n
Hussei
n
O
nn
M
alay
si
a.
S
h
e
h
o
l
d
s
a
P
hD
i
n
Bi
o
m
edi
c
al
E
ng
in
eering
f
r
om
U
n
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
Bradf
o
rd
,
U
n
ited
Kin
g
d
o
m.
H
er
r
esear
ch
i
nter
est
is
i
n
applicat
i
o
n
of
p
lasma
ph
ysic
s
in
b
io
e
n
gine
e
r
ing
,
3
D
bio
p
r
i
nte
r
,
wire
le
s
s
a
pp
lic
a
tio
n
s
,
m
i
cro
e
ncaps
u
l
a
ti
on
and
m
i
c
r
of
luidic
d
evel
op
men
t
.
S
h
e
is
c
u
r
ren
t
l
y
a
p
ri
nci
p
l
e
r
esearch
er
a
t
Micro
e
lectro
ni
c
and
N
a
not
echn
o
l
ogy
S
hams
ud
din
Research
C
ent
e
r
(M
iNT
-
S
RC).
E
l
f
a
R
i
zan
R
i
z
on
w
as
a
r
es
e
a
rch
s
t
ud
ent
at
t
h
e
F
acul
t
y
o
f
Elect
rical
a
nd
E
l
ectro
nic
s
E
ngi
neeri
n
g
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
i
T
u
n
H
u
s
s
e
i
n
O
n
n
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
n
d
s
h
e
h
o
l
d
s
a
m
a
s
t
e
r
’
s
d
e
g
ree
i
n
e
l
ectrical
e
ng
ineeri
n
g
.
S
h
e
is
c
urren
tly w
orki
ng
a
t
Intel M
a
nu
f
acturi
n
i
g
S
d
n
.
Bhd
.
,
Bay
an
Lep
as,
P
e
n
a
ng
.
N
a
dhi
a
M
ohd
Y
u
s
of
i
s
a
researc
h
r
es
e
a
r
c
h
assi
stant
w
i
t
h
M
icro
el
ect
ro
ni
c
and
N
a
not
echn
o
l
ogy
-
S
h
ams
u
d
d
i
n
R
es
earch
C
en
ter.
S
h
e
i
s
g
r
aduat
e
d w
i
t
h
a
bach
e
l
or’s
deg
r
ee
i
n
el
e
c
t
r
ical
e
ng
in
eering
f
r
om
U
niversiti
T
u
n Hussein
Onn Malays
i
a
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
i
m
m
er and
n
e
on t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
as a po
wer
con
t
ro
ll
a
b
le ge
n
e
ra
t
o
r
for
… (Ros
na
h Mo
h
d
Z
i
n)
60
1
D
r
.
Marli
a
M
orsin
is
c
urrentl
y
a
s
eni
o
r
lectu
r
er
a
t
Univers
i
ti
Tu
n
Hus
s
e
i
n
Onn
M
a
la
y
s
ia
.
She
h
o
l
d
s
a
P
h
D
in
M
i
c
ro
a
nd
N
ano
e
lectro
ni
cs
f
ro
m
Un
iv
ersiti
K
eban
g
saan
M
al
ays
i
a.
H
e
r
r
es
earch
i
n
t
e
res
t
i
s
in
t
h
e
a
pp
li
cati
on
of
g
ol
d
nan
oparticl
e
s
and
t
h
e
si
m
u
l
a
ti
on
of
s
urf
ace
pl
asm
on
res
onan
ce
in
s
en
so
r
dev
e
lo
pm
en
t.
Ir.
D
r.
T
ee
Ki
an
S
ek
i
s
a
s
e
ni
or
l
ecturer
a
t
U
n
i
v
ersi
ti
T
u
n
H
u
s
sei
n
O
nn
M
alaysia.
H
e
h
o
l
d
s
a
P
h
D
in
M
echat
roni
cs
E
ngin
e
eri
n
g
f
r
om
L
eed
s
U
n
i
v
ersi
ty,
Un
ited
K
ingdom.
H
e
is
p
rof
e
ss
ional
en
gin
eer
r
eg
is
tered
wi
th
t
he
B
oa
rd
o
f
Eng
i
neers
Malaysia
(
BEM)
has
8
ye
ars
o
f
w
orking
ex
perien
c
e
w
i
t
h
the
i
n
d
u
stry
.
H
i
s
reara
c
h
i
n
t
e
rest
i
s
in
pow
er
ele
c
t
r
oni
cs,
ro
boti
c
s,
e
rg
on
omics
an
d
h
u
m
a
n
gait
an
a
lys
i
s.
D
r
.
M
o
h
d
K
h
a
iru
l
A
h
m
ad
i
s
an
a
sso
ciat
e
pro
f
esso
r
at
t
he
F
aculty
o
f
El
ectri
cal
a
nd
E
l
ectronics
E
ngi
neeri
ng,
U
n
i
vers
iti
Tu
n
Huss
ein
Onn
M
a
lays
ia.
H
e
hol
d
s
a
P
h
D
in
E
lectron
i
cs
from
S
h
izuo
ka
U
n
i
vers
it
y,
J
ap
a
n
.
His
res
earch
i
nt
eres
t
is
i
n
D
y
e-sen
s
itis
ed
s
olar
cel
ls
a
nd
synthesis
of
n
a
nos
tru
c
tu
re
d
m
a
t
e
rials.
H
e
is
a
p
rin
c
ip
le
r
esearcher
a
t
M
i
cro
el
ectron
i
c
and
N
a
not
echn
o
l
ogy
S
h
ams
u
d
d
i
n
Researc
h
Cent
e
r (M
iNT-S
RC).
D
r
N
af
arizal
N
ayan
i
s
an
a
s
s
oci
a
te
p
ro
f
e
ss
or
a
t
t
h
e
F
acul
t
y
o
f
E
l
ect
rical
a
n
d
E
l
ectro
nics
E
ngi
neeri
ng,
U
n
i
v
e
rsiti
Tun
Hu
ss
ein
On
n
M
a
l
a
ysi
a
.
H
e
h
o
l
ds
a
P
h
D
i
n
Electri
cal
E
ngin
e
e
r
i
n
g
f
r
om
N
ag
oy
a
Un
iv
ersit
y
i
n
Japan
and
h
e
i
s
cu
rrentl
y
t
h
e
H
ead
o
f
M
icroelectro
ni
c
and
N
a
not
echn
o
l
ogy
S
ham
s
udd
in
R
esearch
C
enter
(M
i
N
T-S
RC).
His
resea
rch
int
e
rest
i
s
in
n
ew
p
l
asm
a
p
rocessin
g
s
ystem,
a
ppli
cati
on
of
p
l
a
sm
a
in
b
io
m
e
dical
e
ng
in
eering
,
d
i
a
gn
osti
c
of
p
l
asm
a
p
rop
e
rti
e
s, n
ano
s
cale
analy
s
i
s
an
d
im
a
g
i
ng.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.