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I
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Vo
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9
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Ma
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:
297
–
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298
DVR.
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s
s
ar
y
e
n
er
g
y
to
th
e
DVR
wo
r
k
in
g
i
n
v
o
lta
g
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
a
tio
n
m
o
d
e.
T
h
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
I
DVR to
r
ep
len
is
h
t
h
e
d
c
lin
k
p
o
w
er
w
h
i
le
co
m
p
en
s
ati
n
g
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
s
ize
o
f
t
h
e
DC
lin
k
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
o
n
th
i
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
alit
y
o
f
I
DV
R
h
a
s
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
e
liter
at
u
r
e
[
3
]
–
[
7
]
.
Sin
ce
s
e
v
er
al
DV
R
s
ar
e
co
n
n
e
cted
to
m
u
ltip
le
f
ee
d
er
s
,
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
i
n
m
u
lt
ip
le
f
ee
d
er
s
ca
n
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
w
ith
o
n
e
d
ev
ice
at
o
n
e
i
n
s
ta
n
ce
.
T
h
is
t
y
p
e
o
f
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
is
ca
l
led
as
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
io
n
.
T
h
is
s
ec
o
n
d
m
aj
o
r
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
I
DV
R
i
s
co
v
er
ed
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
.
A
t
w
o
f
ee
d
er
I
DVR
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
an
d
a
v
o
lta
g
e
s
a
g
is
cr
ea
ted
in
t
h
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
t
w
o
f
ee
d
er
s
at
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e.
An
ex
ten
s
iv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
ed
in
b
o
th
DV
R
s
o
f
I
DVR
f
o
r
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
m
i
tig
at
io
n
in
th
e
f
ee
d
er
s
.
T
h
e
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
io
n
t
e
ch
n
iq
u
e
o
f
I
DV
R
is
an
a
l
y
z
ed
w
it
h
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lt
s
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
I
DVR
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
u
s
i
n
g
DSP
AC
E
1
1
0
3
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
e
ctio
n
s
co
v
er
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
ellin
g
o
f
I
DVR,
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
I
D
VR
an
d
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lt
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
I
DVR
.
2.
M
AT
H
E
M
AT
I
CAL M
O
DE
L
L
I
N
G
O
F
I
DVR
T
h
e
s
ch
e
m
atic
n
et
w
o
r
k
la
y
o
u
t
o
f
t
w
o
lin
e
o
r
t
w
o
f
ee
d
er
I
DVR
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
.
1
.
I
DVR
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
t
w
o
D
VR
s
h
a
v
i
n
g
a
co
m
m
o
n
DC
li
n
k
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
DV
R
s
o
f
I
DVR ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
ee
d
er
s
w
it
h
th
e
aid
o
f
s
er
ies
in
j
ec
tio
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
.
T
h
e
I
DVR
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
a
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
,
a
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
v
er
ter
a
n
d
th
e
f
ilter
.
I
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
.
1
,
V
b1
a
n
d
V
b2
ar
e
t
h
e
b
u
s
v
o
lta
g
es
o
f
f
e
ed
er
1
an
d
f
ee
d
er
2
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
l
y
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
lo
ad
s
,
L
o
ad
1
an
d
L
o
ad
2
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
th
e
s
en
s
iti
v
e
lo
ad
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
f
ee
d
er
1
an
d
f
ee
d
e
r
2
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
V
l1
an
d
V
l2
ar
e
t
h
e
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
f
lo
ad
1
a
n
d
lo
ad
2
.
W
h
e
n
a
s
ag
o
cc
u
r
s
at
s
a
y
lo
ad
1
,
th
e
n
th
e
DV
R
1
i
n
j
ec
ts
th
e
v
o
lta
g
es V
i
nj1
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
t
h
e
V
l1
eq
u
al
to
V
s1
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sch
e
m
atic
L
a
y
o
u
t o
f
I
DVR
2
.
1
.
I
nv
er
t
er
M
o
dellin
g
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Fig
u
r
e
.
1
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
t
w
o
f
ee
d
er
s
V
s1
an
d
V
s2
ar
e
g
iv
en
t
h
e
b
y
e
q
u
atio
n
s
1
an
d
2
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
1
1
1
1
1
l
i
n
j
s
V
V
Z
I
V
(
1
)
2
2
2
2
2
l
i
n
j
s
V
V
Z
I
V
(
2
)
(
No
te:
D
V
R
i
n
j
V
V
)
Neg
lecti
n
g
lo
s
s
e
s
in
t
h
e
b
o
th
f
ee
d
er
s
eq
u
atio
n
s
(
1
)
an
d
(
2
)
c
an
b
e
w
r
itte
n
as
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
E
xp
erimen
ta
l P
r
o
to
typ
e
Mo
d
e
l o
f I
DV
R
fo
r
B
id
ir
ec
tio
n
a
l V
o
lta
g
e
C
o
mp
en
s
a
tio
n
(
R
a
mch
a
n
d
r
a
N
itta
la
)
299
1
1
1
l
s
i
n
j
V
V
V
(
3
)
2
2
2
l
s
i
n
j
V
V
V
(
4
)
Fro
m
eq
u
atio
n
s
(
3
)
an
d
(
4
)
,
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
in
j
ec
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
I
DVR
is
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
ce
o
f
s
u
p
p
l
y
an
d
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
es
o
f
th
e
f
ee
d
er
.
Hen
ce
,
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
v
o
ltag
e
r
atin
g
o
f
I
DV
R
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
if
t
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
t
h
at
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
ated
b
y
t
h
e
I
DVR is
k
n
o
w
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
o
n
e
l
in
e
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
f
e
ed
er
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
eq
u
atio
n
s
(
3
)
an
d
(
4
)
if
L
s
V
V
th
en
0
D
V
R
V
w
h
ic
h
i
m
p
lie
s
th
er
e
is
n
o
n
ee
d
f
o
r
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
.
T
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
a
tio
n
is
o
n
l
y
i
f
L
s
V
V
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
On
e li
n
e d
iag
r
am
o
f
o
n
e o
f
th
e
f
eed
er
s
h
o
wn
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
(
1
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Ph
aso
r
d
iag
r
am
o
f
in
p
h
ase
m
eth
o
d
co
m
p
en
s
ati
o
n
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
b
y
th
e
I
DVR
w
i
ll b
e
in
itia
ted
w
h
en
s
L
V
V
*
(
5
)
w
h
er
e
)
*
10
.
0
(
*
L
L
L
V
V
V
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
V
DVR
is
g
iv
e
n
as
*
L
S
D
V
R
V
V
V
(
6
)
Hen
ce
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
r
atin
g
o
f
t
h
e
t
w
o
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
.
1
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
(
6
)
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
r
ati
n
g
o
f
in
v
er
ter
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
e
q
u
atio
n
(
6
)
o
n
l
y
w
h
en
t
h
e
i
n
p
h
ase
co
m
p
e
n
s
a
tio
n
m
et
h
o
d
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
p
h
aso
r
d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
i
n
p
h
ase
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
m
et
h
o
d
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
.
3
.
I
n
th
e
i
n
p
h
a
s
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
,
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
i
n
j
ec
ted
b
y
t
h
e
DV
R
is
i
n
p
h
ase
w
it
h
lo
ad
(
s
ag
g
ed
)
v
o
lta
g
e.
Fi
g
u
r
e
.
3
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
h
a
s
o
r
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
i
n
p
h
a
s
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
.
T
h
e
i
n
j
ec
ted
v
o
lta
g
e
V
DVR
i
s
i
n
p
h
ase
w
ith
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e.
As
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
.
3
t
h
e
lo
ad
c
u
r
r
en
t
i
s
h
a
v
in
g
a
p
h
ase
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
w
it
h
in
j
ec
ted
v
o
ltag
e,
h
en
ce
t
h
e
D
VR
s
h
o
u
ld
i
n
j
ec
t a
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
alo
n
g
w
i
th
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
to
th
e
lo
ad
n
ea
r
l
y
a
t a
l
l
ti
m
e
s
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
m
iti
g
atio
n
b
y
th
e
I
DVR
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
in
p
h
ase
v
o
lta
g
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
ch
o
o
s
in
g
t
h
e
i
n
p
h
ase
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
v
er
v
ar
io
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
is
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
r
atin
g
w
it
h
in
p
h
ase
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
is
les
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
o
th
er
m
et
h
o
d
s
li
k
e
en
er
g
y
s
av
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
,
q
u
ad
r
atu
r
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
m
et
h
o
d
etc
.
[
8
]
.
Fro
m
Fi
g
u
r
e
.
3
th
e
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
o
f
th
e
ea
ch
DVR o
f
I
DV
R
is
co
s
*
L
D
V
R
D
V
R
I
V
P
(
7
)
w
h
er
e
V
DVR
: V
o
ltag
e
i
n
j
ec
ted
b
y
t
h
e
DVR
I
L
:
L
o
ad
cu
r
r
en
t
cos
=
P
o
w
er
Facto
r
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
u
s
in
g
eq
u
atio
n
s
(
6
)
an
d
(
7
)
th
e
p
o
w
er
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
r
atin
g
o
f
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
o
f
I
DVR
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
.
2
.
2
.
DC
L
ink
Ca
pa
cit
o
r
M
o
dellin
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
i S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
8
:
297
–
3
0
4
300
Desig
n
i
n
g
th
e
DC
li
n
k
o
f
I
DVR
i
s
v
er
y
ess
e
n
tial
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
f
o
r
I
DVR
to
m
iti
g
ate
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
is
s
u
p
p
lied
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
D
C
li
n
k
.
A
s
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
a
s
t
h
e
b
u
ild
in
g
b
lo
ck
s
o
f
I
DVR
to
m
iti
g
ate
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
,
a
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
at
th
e
DC
l
in
k
o
f
t
w
o
DV
R
s
o
f
I
DVR
w
h
ich
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
.
1
.
T
h
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
DC
li
n
k
p
o
w
er
is
g
i
v
en
as
l
o
s
s
e
s
D
V
R
D
V
R
DC
P
P
P
P
2
1
(
8
)
w
h
er
e
P
DVR1
an
d
P
DVR2
ar
e
p
o
w
er
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
th
e
t
w
o
DV
R
s
o
f
I
DVR
f
o
r
m
iti
g
ati
n
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
an
d
P
los
ses
i
s
th
e
lo
s
s
es i
n
t
h
e
DVR
s
y
s
te
m
.
Ass
u
m
e
0
l
o
s
s
e
s
P
th
e
n
2
1
D
V
R
D
V
R
DC
P
P
P
(
9
)
Sin
ce
a
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
i
s
u
s
ed
as
th
e
DC
l
in
k
,
th
e
D
C
li
n
k
p
o
w
e
r
P
DC
ca
n
also
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
t
W
P
DC
DC
(
1
0
)
w
h
er
e
DC
W
is
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
e
D
C
li
n
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
.
W
h
en
ev
er
t
h
e
I
DV
R
co
m
p
e
n
s
ate
s
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
,
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
t
h
e
DC
lin
k
li
n
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
)
(
2
1
2
m
i
n
2
m
a
x
DC
DC
DC
V
V
C
W
(
1
1
)
V
DC
m
ax
: D
C
l
in
k
v
o
lta
g
e
V
DC
m
in
:
P
er
m
i
s
s
ib
le
D
C
li
n
k
v
o
lta
g
e
(
T
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
li
m
it
b
elo
w
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
D
C
l
in
k
v
o
lta
g
e
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
e)
Fro
m
eq
u
atio
n
(
9
)
an
d
(
1
1
)
th
e
DC
lin
k
ca
p
ac
ita
n
ce
is
g
iv
e
n
as
t
DC
V
DC
V
D
V
R
P
D
V
R
P
C
)
2
m
i
n
2
m
a
x
(
)
2
1
(
2
(
1
2
)
T
h
e
DC
lin
k
v
o
lta
g
e
is
S
V
DC
V
3
3
m
a
x
(
1
3
)
w
h
er
e
V
s
is
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
ee
d
er
to
w
h
ic
h
th
e
I
DV
R
i
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
.
I
n
eq
u
atio
n
(
1
2
)
if
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
co
m
p
en
s
ated
b
y
th
e
t
w
o
DV
R
s
o
f
I
DV
R
is
eq
u
al
t
h
en
P
P
P
D
V
R
D
V
R
2
1
.
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
is
g
iv
e
n
as
t
V
V
P
C
DC
DC
)
(
4
2
m
i
n
2
m
a
x
(
1
4
)
Hen
ce
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
eq
u
atio
n
s
f
r
o
m
(
6
)
to
(
1
4
)
th
e
r
atin
g
o
f
th
e
I
DV
R
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
I
DVR is
e
x
p
lain
ed
in
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
ec
tio
n
.
3.
CO
NT
RO
L
SYS
T
E
M
O
F
I
DVR
T
h
e
m
aj
o
r
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
I
DV
R
is
to
d
etec
t
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
i
n
th
e
li
n
e
to
w
h
ich
I
DVR
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
a
n
d
t
h
en
to
r
eg
u
late
th
e
I
DVR
f
o
r
p
r
o
p
er
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
j
ec
tio
n
to
m
it
ig
ate
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l s
y
s
te
m
d
esi
g
n
ed
in
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
is
f
o
r
a
s
in
g
le
p
h
ase
I
DVR s
y
s
te
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
t
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
I
DV
R
.
T
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
ar
e
f
ed
to
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
f
o
ll
o
w
i
n
g
ar
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
s
tep
s
f
o
r
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
n
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
E
xp
erimen
ta
l P
r
o
to
typ
e
Mo
d
e
l o
f I
DV
R
fo
r
B
id
ir
ec
tio
n
a
l V
o
lta
g
e
C
o
mp
en
s
a
tio
n
(
R
a
mch
a
n
d
r
a
N
itta
la
)
301
Step
1
:
T
h
e
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
i
s
g
i
v
en
to
a
co
n
tr
o
l
b
lo
ck
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
b
lo
ck
c
h
ec
k
s
w
h
eth
er
*
L
L
V
V
,
w
h
er
e
*
L
V
is
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
eq
u
a
tio
n
(
5
)
.
Step
2
:
T
h
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
an
d
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
s
ar
e
co
m
p
u
te
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
s
.
T
T
t
S
r
e
f
t
V
T
V
)
(
1
*
(
1
5
)
T
T
t
L
L
t
V
T
V
)
(
1
*
*
1
(
1
6
)
W
h
er
e
f
T
1
,
f
is
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
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r
e
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u
en
c
y
.
Step
3
: T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
er
r
o
r
is
ca
lcu
lated
*
1
*
L
r
e
f
e
r
r
V
V
V
(
1
7
)
Step
4
: T
h
e
er
r
o
r
is
f
ed
to
a
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
in
teg
r
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
Step
5
: T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
I
n
teg
r
al
co
n
t
r
o
l
ler
r
eg
u
lates t
h
e
v
o
l
tag
e
er
r
o
r
S
K
V
K
V
V
i
er
r
P
er
r
er
r
*
(
1
8
)
Step
6
: T
h
e
r
eg
u
lated
v
o
ltag
e
er
r
o
r
is
g
iv
en
to
t
h
e
in
p
u
t o
f
t
h
e
P
W
M
lo
g
ic
f
o
r
g
en
er
atin
g
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
g
ate
p
u
ls
es to
t
h
e
s
i
n
g
le
p
h
ase
i
n
v
e
r
ter
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l
S
y
s
te
m
o
f
I
D
VR
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
w
h
e
n
e
v
er
a
v
o
lta
g
e
s
ag
i
s
d
etec
ted
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
d
etec
ts
t
h
e
s
a
g
a
n
d
g
e
n
er
ates
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
g
ate
p
u
ls
es
to
t
h
e
i
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
i
n
j
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
is
p
r
es
en
t
i
n
t
h
e
b
u
ild
i
n
g
b
lo
ck
s
o
f
th
e
DVR
s
o
f
a
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
I
DVR.
W
it
h
t
h
e
m
o
d
ell
in
g
eq
u
atio
n
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
l
o
g
ic,
a
test
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
I
DV
R
is
s
i
m
u
lated
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lt
s
o
b
tain
e
d
f
r
o
m
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
I
DVR
ar
e
ex
p
lain
ed
i
n
th
e
n
ex
t sectio
n
p
ap
er
.
4.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
NT
A
L
RE
SUL
T
S
A
t
w
o
lin
e
I
DVR
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
m
o
d
el
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
m
o
d
el
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
v
er
if
icatio
n
o
f
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
o
f
I
DV
R
.
T
h
e
s
ch
e
m
a
tic
la
y
o
u
t
o
f
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
s
e
t
u
p
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
m
o
d
el
ar
e
g
i
v
e
n
i
n
A
p
p
e
n
d
i
x
I
.
Du
e
to
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
tech
n
ical
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
th
e
to
tal
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
i
n
lo
w
v
o
lta
g
e
lev
el
s
.
A
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
2
5
V
is
f
ed
to
ea
ch
f
ee
d
er
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
ea
ch
f
ee
d
e
r
is
f
ed
to
a
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
o
f
9
0
Ω
.
T
h
e
lo
ad
s
o
f
ea
ch
f
ee
d
er
ar
e
r
ated
to
1
0
0
Ω
.
A
d
o
u
b
le
p
o
le
s
in
g
le
t
h
r
o
w
s
w
i
tch
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
to
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d
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ad
d
itio
n
al
lo
ad
o
f
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0
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Ω
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o
r
b
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th
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ee
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er
s
s
o
t
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th
e
v
o
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g
e
s
a
g
is
cr
ea
ted
i
n
b
o
th
f
ee
d
er
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at
s
a
m
e
in
s
tan
ce
o
f
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
ar
e
P
W
M
b
ased
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
v
er
ter
s
h
a
v
in
g
i
n
s
u
lated
g
at
e
b
ip
o
lar
t
r
an
s
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to
r
(
I
GB
T
)
s
w
itc
h
es.
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h
e
L
C
f
ilt
er
s
ar
e
p
r
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t
to
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il
ter
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e
h
a
r
m
o
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ics
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i
n
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ted
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n
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r
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en
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r
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t
at
th
e
o
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t
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h
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o
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g
e
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n
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ter
.
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h
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m
p
le
m
e
n
t
atio
n
o
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o
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it
h
m
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o
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n
tr
o
l
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te
m
o
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.
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I
SS
N
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u
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o
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f
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s
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er
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w
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h
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d
f
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ilar
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at
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ter
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9
V.
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ce
a
v
o
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e
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a
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ap
p
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i
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th
f
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at
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m
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5
s
.
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d
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o
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3
V,
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s
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o
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en
.
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h
e
s
et
v
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e
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DVR
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itiate
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p
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at
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s
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f
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.
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en
s
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o
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m
s
t
ar
t
s
to
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ate
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s
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g
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ed
is
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3
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d
8
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d
u
r
i
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g
s
ag
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n
d
it
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n
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.
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th
e
p
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o
f
I
DV
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,
th
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v
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ltag
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o
f
b
o
th
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ee
d
er
s
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
in
F
ig
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r
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an
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
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h
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e
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er
th
e
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ad
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e
is
l
ess
t
h
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th
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m
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it,
th
e
co
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tr
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en
s
es t
h
e
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ate
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te
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al
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v
o
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u
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ce
in
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ter
.
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h
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in
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te
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j
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ts
t
h
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n
ec
es
s
ar
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v
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te
m
s
o
t
h
at
th
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ag
e
s
a
g
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m
it
ig
ated
.
As
o
b
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v
ed
in
Fi
g
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r
e
9
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d
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
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e
i
n
t
w
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f
ee
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er
s
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m
ai
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tain
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5
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h
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DVR
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n
d
th
e
v
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et
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ee
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ter
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1
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s
ec
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d
s
is
co
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ated
b
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h
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DVR
at
s
a
m
e
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s
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ce
o
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ti
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e.
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h
er
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o
r
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t
h
e
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id
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tio
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v
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m
p
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n
s
atio
n
w
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h
I
DVR i
s
v
er
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f
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w
i
th
th
e
e
x
p
er
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m
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tal
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lt
s
.
Fig
u
r
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5
.
L
ab
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tr
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P
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e
Mo
d
el o
f
I
DVR
Fig
u
r
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6.
Sch
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
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w
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&
Dr
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I
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N:
2088
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Fig
u
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f
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er
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u
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.
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u
r
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10
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Fe
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o
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DVR
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
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s
es
th
e
co
n
c
ep
t
o
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b
id
ir
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tio
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co
m
p
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n
s
a
tio
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o
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DVR.
A
tes
t
s
y
s
te
m
co
m
p
r
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in
g
o
f
a
t
w
o
f
ee
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er
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DVR
s
y
s
te
m
is
co
n
s
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ed
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
is
ap
p
lied
in
t
w
o
f
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er
s
at
s
a
m
e
i
n
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ta
n
ce
an
d
th
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
o
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n
m
it
ig
at
in
g
t
h
e
v
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g
e
s
a
g
i
n
b
o
th
f
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s
at
s
a
m
e
i
n
s
ta
n
ce
i
s
v
er
i
f
ied
w
i
th
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
s
e
tu
p
.
T
h
e
ex
p
e
r
i
m
en
tal
r
es
u
lts
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
d
e
v
elo
p
in
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lab
o
r
ato
r
y
p
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to
ty
p
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
I
DVR.
A
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
I
DVR
is
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
s
en
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
er
r
o
r
an
d
r
eg
u
latin
g
t
h
e
I
DVR
t
o
in
j
ec
t
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
v
o
lta
g
e
f
o
r
th
e
m
iti
g
atio
n
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
r
es
u
l
ts
h
av
e
p
r
o
v
en
th
e
ef
f
icien
t
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
I
DV
R
i
n
m
iti
g
ati
n
g
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
a
g
i
n
t
w
o
f
ee
d
er
to
p
o
lo
g
y
at
s
a
m
e
in
s
tan
ce
.
He
n
c
e
I
DVR ca
n
b
e
u
t
ilized
f
o
r
m
u
lt
i
-
le
v
el
f
ee
d
er
v
o
lta
g
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M
.
H.
B
o
ll
e
n
,
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
i
n
g
P
o
w
e
r
Qu
a
li
t
y
P
ro
b
lem
s: V
o
lt
a
g
e
S
a
g
s a
n
d
In
terru
p
ti
o
n
s.
W
il
e
y
,
2
0
0
0
.
[2
]
V
.
K.
M
e
h
ta
a
n
d
R.
M
e
h
ta,
P
rin
c
ip
les
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
:
In
c
lu
d
i
n
g
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
T
ra
n
s
m
issio
n
,
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
,
S
w
it
c
h
g
e
a
r
a
n
d
P
r
o
tec
ti
o
n
:
f
o
r
B.
E/
B.
T
e
c
h
.
,
A
M
IE
a
n
d
Oth
e
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
Ex
a
m
in
a
ti
o
n
s.
S
.
C
h
a
n
d
,
2
0
0
5
.
[3
]
R.
S
u
d
h
a
,
P
.
Us
h
a
ra
n
i,
a
n
d
S
.
Ra
m
a
Re
d
d
y
,
“
Dig
it
a
l
S
imu
l
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
n
I
n
ter
li
n
e
Dy
n
a
mic
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Res
to
re
r
fo
r
Vo
lt
a
g
e
Co
mp
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
,
”
2
0
1
1
I
n
t.
Co
n
f
.
Co
m
p
u
t.
Co
m
m
u
n
.
El
e
c
tr.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
ICCCET
2
0
1
1
,
n
o
.
M
a
rc
h
,
p
p
.
3
8
8
–
3
9
3
,
2
0
1
1
.
[4
]
M
.
M
o
ra
d
l
o
u
a
n
d
H.
R.
Ka
rsh
e
n
a
s,
“
Co
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
R
a
n
g
e
C
a
lcu
latio
n
in
a
n
I
n
terlin
e
D
y
n
a
m
ic
V
o
lt
a
g
e
R
e
sto
re
r
(IDV
R)
E
n
c
o
u
n
teri
n
g
D
iffere
n
t
V
o
l
tag
e
S
a
g
T
y
p
e
s,”
In
t.
T
ra
n
s.
El
e
c
tr.
En
e
rg
y
S
y
st
.
,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
9
9
2
–
1
0
0
5
,
Ju
l.
2
0
1
4
.
[5
]
A
.
Ho
ss
a
m
-
El
d
in
a
n
d
A
.
El
se
ro
u
g
i,
“
Ren
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
fed
in
ter
li
n
e
DVR
f
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
sa
g
mit
ig
a
ti
o
n
i
n
d
istrib
u
ti
o
n
g
rid
s
,
”
El
e
c
tr.
Distr
ib
.
(CIRED
2
0
1
3
),
2
2
n
d
I
n
t.
C
o
n
f
.
Ex
h
i
b
.
,
n
o
.
0
0
3
6
,
p
p
.
1
–
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[6
]
D.
M
.
V
i
lath
g
a
m
u
w
a
,
H.
M
.
Wi
jek
o
o
n
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
.
Ch
o
i,
“
A
No
v
e
l
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
to
C
o
m
p
e
n
sa
te
V
o
lt
a
g
e
S
a
g
s
in
M
u
lt
i
l
in
e
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
-
t
h
e
In
terlin
e
Dy
n
a
m
ic V
o
lt
a
g
e
R
e
st
o
re
r,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
5
3
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
6
0
3
–
1
6
1
1
,
2
0
0
6
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[7
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