I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
P
o
wer
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Driv
e
S
y
s
t
em
s
(
I
J
P
E
DS
)
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
2
0
5
9
~
2
0
6
9
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
ijp
ed
s
.
v
1
2
.
i
4
.
pp
2
0
5
9
-
2
0
6
9
2059
J
o
ur
na
l
ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
p
e
d
s
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
E
nerg
y
sa
v
ing
an
a
ly
sis
of air fan m
o
tor in power
pla
nt
bo
iler
co
ntrolled by
va
ri
a
ble f
requ
ency
dr
iv
e
P
ra
m
o
no
M
uk
t
i Wibo
wo
,
M
uh
a
m
a
d H
a
dd
in
,
Arie
f
M
a
rwa
nto
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
S
u
lt
a
n
A
g
u
n
g
Isla
m
ic Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
S
e
m
a
ra
n
g
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
an
29
,
2
0
21
R
ev
is
ed
Sep
16
,
2
0
21
Acc
ep
ted
Sep
23
,
2
0
21
A
re
p
o
rti
n
g
o
f
E
n
e
rg
y
Au
d
it
in
2
0
1
8
b
y
LE
M
TE
K
UI
h
a
s
re
p
o
rt
e
d
th
a
t
a
ir
fa
n
sy
ste
m
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
u
se
d
i
n
P
o
we
r
P
lan
t
o
f
P
LT
U
Tan
ju
n
g
Ja
ti
B
Je
p
a
ra
is
in
e
fficie
n
t
,
e
n
e
rg
y
e
fficie
n
c
y
i
n
F
DF
is
o
n
ly
3
2
%
a
n
d
P
AF
e
f
ficie
n
c
y
is
4
9
.
0
1
%
.
I
n
e
fficie
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
a
ir
f
a
n
sy
ste
m
is
a
n
imp
a
c
ted
th
e
re
a
re
wa
ste
o
f
e
lec
tri
c
e
n
e
rg
y
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
1
3
,
3
5
2
,
9
2
9
KWh
(1
3
,
3
5
G
Wh
)
a
y
e
a
r
with
a
fin
a
n
c
ial
lo
ss
o
f
IDR
1
3
,
3
5
2
,
9
2
9
,
1
4
0
.
T
o
o
v
e
rc
o
m
e
th
is
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
,
v
a
riab
le
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
ri
v
e
(VFD)
is
i
n
sta
ll
e
d
wh
ich
a
d
ju
ste
d
a
ir
fl
o
w
a
s
n
e
e
d
e
d
s
o
t
h
a
t
e
n
e
rg
y
wa
ste
c
a
n
b
e
re
d
u
c
e
d
.
M
ATLAB
sim
u
latio
n
is
p
ro
p
o
se
d
to
a
n
a
ly
z
e
th
e
VFD
m
e
th
o
d
.
T
h
e
re
su
lt
sh
o
ws
th
a
t
b
y
u
sin
g
VFD,
8
,
2
3
3
,
5
7
3
.
4
4
4
KWh
(8
.
4
5
G
Wh
)
c
a
n
b
e
sa
v
e
d
a
y
e
a
r.
To
tal
c
o
st
b
e
n
e
fit
s
a
re
IDR
8
,
2
3
3
,
5
7
3
,
4
4
4
a
s 3
2
.
1
%
o
f
sa
v
i
n
g
c
o
s
t.
Eff
icie
n
c
y
o
f
F
DF
is
7
2
.
5
7
%
a
n
d
P
AF
is
6
6
.
8
4
%
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Fo
r
ce
d
d
r
a
f
t f
an
Prim
ar
y
air
f
a
n
Sav
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
Var
iab
le
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
d
r
iv
e
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Pra
m
o
n
o
Mu
k
ti W
ib
o
wo
Dep
ar
tm
en
t Po
s
tg
r
a
d
u
ate
o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
Un
iv
er
s
i
tas I
s
lam
Su
ltan
Ag
u
n
g
Sem
ar
an
g
J
l.
Kalig
awe
R
ay
a
No
.
KM
4
,
T
er
b
o
y
o
Ku
lo
n
,
Kec
.
Gen
u
k
,
Sem
ar
an
g
,
J
awa
T
en
g
a
h
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail:
p
r
am
.
m
u
k
ti@
s
td
.
u
n
is
s
u
la.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
r
e
p
o
r
t
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
a
u
d
its
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
test
s
in
Po
we
r
Plan
t
T
an
ju
n
g
J
ati
B
J
ep
ar
a
y
ea
r
2
0
1
8
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
air
f
an
o
f
b
o
iler
s
y
s
tem
is
un
ef
f
icien
t
an
d
o
v
er
air
s
u
p
p
ly
,
e
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
in
th
e
f
o
r
c
ed
d
r
af
t
f
an
(
FDF)
(
)
is
o
n
ly
3
2
%
an
d
t
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
air
f
an
(
PAF)
ef
f
ic
ien
cy
is
4
9
.
0
1
%.
T
h
e
f
l
o
w
r
ate
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
FDF
is
1
4
4
0
to
n
s
/d
ay
b
u
t
th
e
f
lo
w
r
at
e
u
s
ed
is
5
1
2
to
n
s
/d
ay
an
d
th
e
f
lo
w
r
ate
of
PAF
is
4
5
0
to
n
s
/d
ay
but
1
9
7
.
4
to
n
s
/d
ay
is
u
s
ed
in
o
p
er
atio
n
[
1
]
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
in
th
is
co
n
d
itio
n
,
th
er
e
a
r
e
waste
o
f
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
in
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
it
al
s
o
r
esu
lted
in
f
in
an
cial
lo
s
s
es
[
1
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
d
ata
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
au
d
it
team
,
with
th
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
th
at
v
ar
iab
le
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
d
r
iv
e
(
VFD)
h
as
b
ee
n
in
s
talled
,
th
e
elec
tr
ic
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
in
th
e
FD
F
m
o
to
r
is
9
98
.
63
KW
h
o
r
6
,
3
9
1
,
2
4
6
.
9
3
KW
h
/y
ea
r
an
d
in
t
h
e
PAF
m
o
to
r
is
1
,
0
8
7
.
7
6
K
W
h
o
r
6
,
9
6
1
,
6
8
4
.
2
1
KW
h
/y
ea
r
[
1
]
.
I
f
ca
lcu
lated
in
t
o
r
u
p
iah
(
1
KW
h
=
I
DR
1
0
0
0
)
,
th
e
to
tal
f
in
an
cial
lo
s
s
i
s
I
D
R
1
3
,
352
,
9
2
9
,
1
4
0
a
y
ea
r
.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
is
b
ased
o
n
an
FDF
an
d
PAF
wh
ich
in
teg
r
ated
wo
r
k
s
to
g
et
h
er
d
u
r
in
g
7
2
8
6
h
o
u
r
s
[
1
]
.
T
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
u
n
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
o
v
er
air
s
u
p
p
ly
,
VFD
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
.
VFD
r
eg
u
lates
th
e
air
s
u
p
p
ly
b
y
ad
j
u
s
tin
g
th
e
m
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
s
o
th
at
th
e
r
e
is
n
o
ex
ce
s
s
air
an
d
its
u
s
e
is
as n
e
ed
ed
,
r
eg
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
t
o
r
b
y
VFD
also
ca
u
s
es
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
th
e
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
,
th
e
r
ef
o
r
e
e
lectr
ic
e
n
er
g
y
c
an
b
e
s
av
ed
a
n
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
m
o
to
r
s
will
b
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
[
2
]
-
[
1
5
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
694
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
Sy
s
t,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
2059
–
2
0
6
9
2060
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
FDF
an
d
PAF
VFD
s
y
s
tem
s
wo
r
k
in
an
in
teg
r
ated
m
an
n
er
t
o
s
u
p
p
l
y
air
in
to
th
e
b
o
iler
,
FDF
p
r
o
v
id
es
air
f
o
r
th
e
c
o
m
b
u
s
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
wh
ile
PAF
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
h
o
t
air
to
p
u
s
h
co
al
in
to
th
e
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
ch
am
b
er
.
I
n
ex
is
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
t
h
e
air
s
u
p
p
ly
is
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
an
n
e
ed
s
,
s
o
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
air
s
u
p
p
ly
b
y
lo
wer
in
g
th
e
p
o
wer
u
s
in
g
a
VFD.
I
n
th
is
way
,
th
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
,
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
in
b
o
th
o
f
m
o
to
r
s
will
also
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
.
FDF
an
d
PAF
s
y
s
tem
s
u
s
in
g
VFD
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
[
6
]
,
[
1
6
]
–
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
VFD
b
lo
ck
s
ch
em
e
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
[
1
6
]
,
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
2
]
–
[
2
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
F
DF
a
n
d
P
AF
S
y
ste
m
M
o
d
e
l
wi
th
VF
D
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
VFD
cir
cu
it.
T
h
e
cir
cu
it
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
two
p
ar
ts
o
f
VFD
FD
F
an
d
PAF
wh
ich
a
r
e
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
b
lo
ck
with
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
c
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
s
in
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
2
ar
e
en
tire
VFD
s
ec
tio
n
wh
ich
will
b
e
o
u
tlin
e
d
in
th
e
MA
T
L
AB
/
Simu
lin
k
cir
cu
it.
VFD
i
s
s
im
u
lated
in
MA
T
L
AB
/S
im
u
lin
k
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
[
6
]
,
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
is
a
s
im
u
la
tio
n
cir
cu
it
o
f
th
e
VFD
to
d
r
iv
e
th
e
FDF
an
d
PAF
m
o
to
r
s
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
2
VFD
co
m
b
in
ed
to
d
r
i
v
e
2
m
o
to
r
s
at
o
n
ce
.
I
n
p
r
in
cip
le,
th
e
two
p
ar
ts
o
f
VFD
h
av
e
a
s
im
ilar
wo
r
k
,
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
in
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
m
o
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
ltag
e
f
ir
s
t
p
ass
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
r
ec
tifie
r
u
n
it
wh
er
e
it
is
c
o
n
v
e
r
ted
f
r
o
m
AC
to
DC
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
e
DC
v
o
ltag
e
e
n
ter
s
in
to
f
ilter
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
h
a
r
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
d
u
r
in
g
AC
to
DC
c
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
.
Ma
in
p
ar
t
is
an
i
n
v
er
ter
wh
ich
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
s
ix
in
s
u
lated
g
ate
b
ip
o
la
r
tr
an
s
is
to
r
(
I
GB
T
)
to
co
n
v
e
r
t
DC
to
AC
.
Var
io
u
s
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
ar
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
by
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
PW
M)
m
eth
o
d
in
th
e
in
v
e
r
ter
d
e
v
ice,
th
is
d
e
v
ice
g
iv
es
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
s
in
e
an
d
s
aw
s
ig
n
al
p
u
ls
es
th
at
v
ar
y
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
n
ee
d
s
.
S
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
d
ep
e
n
d
o
n
a
d
ju
s
ted
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
b
y
a
d
ju
s
tin
g
th
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
th
r
o
u
g
h
to
th
e
VFD
w
e
ca
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
in
(
1
)
[
8
]
,
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
[
2
8
]
–
[
3
0
]
.
P
A
F
i
n
l
e
t
d
a
m
p
e
r
,
o
p
e
n
e
d
6
2
.
3
%
P
A
F
o
u
t
l
e
t
d
a
m
p
e
r
,
o
p
e
n
e
d
1
0
0
%
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
s
o
u
r
c
e
,
1
0
K
V
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
s
o
u
r
c
e
,
1
0
K
V
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
D
r
i
v
e
(
V
F
D
)
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
D
r
i
v
e
(
V
F
D
)
A
i
r
s
u
c
t
i
o
n
A
i
r
f
l
o
w
F
D
F
i
n
l
e
t
d
a
m
p
e
r
,
o
p
e
n
e
d
5
1
.
3
%
F
D
F
o
u
t
l
e
t
d
a
m
p
e
r
,
o
p
e
n
e
d
1
0
0
%
G
o
t
o
B
o
i
l
e
r
/
S
c
o
n
d
a
r
y
A
i
r
f
a
n
G
o
t
o
B
o
i
l
e
r
/
P
r
i
m
a
r
y
A
i
r
f
a
n
F
o
r
c
e
d
d
r
a
f
t
f
a
n
(
F
D
F
)
P
r
i
m
a
r
y
a
i
r
f
a
n
(
P
A
F
)
F
D
F
M
o
t
o
r
,
1
0
K
V
,
2
9
8
0
K
W
,
7
4
0
r
p
m
P
A
F
M
o
t
o
r
,
1
0
K
V
,
2
1
1
0
K
W
,
1
4
8
5
r
p
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
E
n
erg
y
s
a
vin
g
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f a
ir
fa
n
mo
to
r
in
p
o
w
er p
la
n
t b
o
iler
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
…
(
P
r
a
mo
n
o
Mu
kti
Wib
o
w
o
)
2061
F
ig
u
re
2
.
V
F
D b
l
o
c
k
sc
h
e
m
a
ti
c
F
ig
u
re
3
.
V
F
D sim
u
latio
n
c
ircu
i
t
S
p
e
e
d
(Rp
m
)
a
n
d
a
i
r
fl
o
w
(T
/
h
)
m
e
a
s
u
re
m
e
nt
V
ol
t
a
nd
C
ur
r
e
nt
M
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
nt
(
V
,
A
)
M
ot
or
P
A
F
,
10K
V
,
211
0
K
W
,
1440
R
P
M
F
a
n
S
p
e
e
d
(Rp
m
)
a
n
d
a
i
r
fl
o
w
(T
o
n
/
h
)
m
e
a
s
u
re
m
e
nt
F
i
l
t
e
r
T
ra
n
s
fo
rm
e
r,
IN
P
U
T
:
1
0
K
V
/
O
U
T
P
U
T
:
1
0
K
V
,
3
p
h
a
s
e
,
5
M
V
A
L
C
F
i
l
t
e
r
I
nve
r
t
e
r
I
G
B
T
(
I
ns
u
l
a
t
e
d
G
a
t
e
B
i
po
l
a
r
T
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
or
)
S
i
ny
a
l
G
e
ne
r
a
t
or
(
s
i
nus
w
a
ve
a
nd
s
a
w
t
oot
h
w
a
ve
)
Ci
rc
u
i
t
Bre
a
k
e
r,
1
0
K
V
,
3
P
H
L
C
F
i
l
t
e
r
I
nve
r
t
e
r
I
G
B
T
(
I
ns
u
l
a
t
e
d
G
a
t
e
B
i
po
l
a
r
T
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
or
)
V
ol
t
a
nd
C
ur
r
e
nt
M
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
nt
(
V
,
A
)
M
ot
or
F
D
F
,
10K
V
,
298
0
K
W
,
740
R
P
M
F
a
n
S
i
ny
a
l
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
(
S
i
n
us
w
a
v
e
a
nd
s
a
w
t
oot
h
w
a
ve
)
T
or
qe
i
npu
t
(
N
.
m
)
F
i
l
t
e
r
T
ra
n
s
fo
rm
e
r,
IN
P
U
T
:
1
0
K
V
/
O
U
T
P
U
T
:
1
0
K
V
,
3
p
h
a
s
e
,
5
M
V
A
P
O
WER
S
TA
TI
O
N
,
1
0
K
V
,
3
P
H
A
S
E
Ci
rc
u
i
t
Bre
a
k
e
r,
1
0
K
V
,
3
P
H
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
694
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
Sy
s
t,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
2059
–
2
0
6
9
2062
(
)
=
(
120
)
/
(
1)
wh
er
e:
Fre
q
u
en
cy
:
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
in
Hz
Po
le
:
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
elec
tr
ic
p
o
les o
n
th
e
m
o
to
r
s
tato
r
E
lectr
ical
p
o
wer
o
f
VFD
is
c
alcu
lated
b
ased
o
n
th
e
lo
a
d
m
o
to
r
s
b
y
tak
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
as
s
h
o
wn
in
(
2
)
[
1
3
]
,
[
3
0
]
.
=
√
3
.
.
.
ℎ
(
2
)
wh
er
e:
P: ele
ctr
ical
p
o
wer
at
lo
ad
(
W
)
V:
v
o
ltag
e
at
lo
ad
(
V)
I
: e
lectr
ic
cu
r
r
en
t a
t l
o
ad
(
A)
C
o
s
p
h
i: p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
at
lo
ad
T
h
e
f
in
an
cial
co
s
t
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
elec
tr
ic
p
o
wer
b
ased
o
n
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
p
o
wer
d
u
r
in
g
r
u
n
n
in
g
h
o
u
r
s
as sh
o
wn
in
(
3
)
[
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
=
ℎ
(
3
)
wh
er
e:
P: ele
ctr
ical
p
o
wer
(
W
)
R
u
n
n
in
g
h
o
u
r
s
: V
FD w
o
r
k
in
g
d
u
r
atio
n
i
n
h
o
u
r
s
Pric
e
p
er
KW
h
: te
r
m
s
o
f
elec
t
r
icity
p
r
ice
p
er
KW
h
S
av
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ity
is
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
i
n
s
talled
d
ev
ice
p
o
wer
an
d
th
e
d
ev
ice
p
o
wer
in
a
s
im
u
latio
n
as sh
o
wn
in
(
4
)
[
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
=
−
(
4
)
wh
er
e:
R
ea
l p
o
wer
: to
tal
p
o
wer
o
f
FDF an
d
PAF f
o
r
1
y
ea
r
Simu
latio
n
p
o
wer
: to
tal
p
o
wer
o
f
FDF an
d
PAF in
s
im
u
latio
n
f
o
r
1
y
ea
r
B
r
ea
k
ev
en
p
o
in
t
is
th
e
p
er
i
o
d
o
f
in
v
estme
n
t
r
etu
r
n
co
s
ts
b
ased
o
n
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
s
av
in
g
s
o
b
tain
ed
h
o
u
r
s
as sh
o
wn
in
(
5
)
[
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
=
/
(
5
)
wh
er
e:
I
n
v
estme
n
t c
o
s
t: VFD
in
s
tallat
io
n
f
ee
Fin
an
cial
s
av
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
:
VFD
s
av
in
g
s
v
alu
e
o
b
tain
ed
i
n
1
y
ea
r
E
f
f
icien
cy
o
f
FDF
an
d
PAF
is
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
to
tal
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t
an
d
t
o
tal
p
o
wer
in
p
u
t
as
s
h
o
wn
in
(
6
)
[
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
=
dP
.
Q
√
3
.
V
.
I
.
C
O
S
p
hi
100
%
(
6
)
wh
er
e:
η
: f
an
ef
f
icien
cy
d
P: d
if
f
er
en
tial p
r
ess
u
r
e
Q:
air
d
eb
it
V:
v
o
ltag
e
I
: c
u
r
r
en
t
C
o
s
p
h
i: p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
e
n
ter
ed
in
t
o
th
e
VFD
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
E
n
erg
y
s
a
vin
g
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f a
ir
fa
n
mo
to
r
in
p
o
w
er p
la
n
t b
o
iler
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
…
(
P
r
a
mo
n
o
Mu
kti
Wib
o
w
o
)
2063
T
ab
le
1
.
VFD
p
ar
am
eter
s
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
VF
D
o
utput
s
ig
na
l
S
im
u
latio
n
VFD
u
s
in
g
M
AT
L
AB
/
S
im
u
lin
k
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
al
f
o
r
m
is
o
b
tain
ed
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
ar
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
al
o
f
VFD
FDF
an
d
PAF
,
each
s
ig
n
al
s
h
o
win
g
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
e
n
t,
m
o
t
o
r
s
p
ee
d
an
d
air
f
lo
w.
Simu
latio
n
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
v
ar
y
th
e
in
p
u
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
f
r
o
m
1
Hz
to
5
0
Hz.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
th
e
s
ig
n
al
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
g
i
v
en
to
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
tar
ts
f
r
o
m
2
Hz
to
5
0
Hz
i
n
in
cr
em
en
ts
o
f
2
Hz.
E
v
er
y
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
i
n
th
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
ig
n
al
w
ill
b
e
f
o
llo
we
d
b
y
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
m
o
to
r
v
o
ltag
e,
s
p
ee
d
an
d
air
f
l
o
w
r
ate.
T
h
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
i
n
T
ab
l
e
2
.
N
o
.
B
l
o
c
k
n
a
m
e
I
n
p
u
t
p
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
N
o
.
B
l
o
c
k
n
a
m
e
I
n
p
u
t
p
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
1
P
o
w
e
r
s
o
u
r
c
e
3
P
h
a
se
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
:
Y
g
V
r
ms:
2
2
8
0
0
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
H
z
)
:
5
0
14
R
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
o
p
e
r
a
t
o
r
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
R
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
:
>
=
O
u
t
p
u
t
d
a
t
a
t
y
p
e
:
B
o
o
l
e
a
n
2
A
i
r
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
b
r
e
a
k
e
r
1
,
2
3
P
h
a
se
B
r
e
a
k
e
r
r
e
si
s
t
a
n
c
e
:
0
.
0
1
O
h
m
15
N
o
t
g
a
t
e
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
O
p
e
r
a
t
o
r
:
n
o
t
O
u
t
p
u
t
d
a
t
a
t
y
p
e
:
B
o
o
l
e
a
n
3
R
L
l
o
a
d
1
,
2
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
:
Y
(
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
)
V
r
ms:
2
2
8
0
0
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
:
5
0
A
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
:
5
4
e
6
16
I
G
B
T
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
,
1
0
,
1
1
,
1
2
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
r
e
s
i
st
a
n
c
e
:
1
e
-
3
S
n
u
b
b
e
r
r
e
s
i
st
a
n
c
e
:
1
e
5
4
R
l
o
a
d
1
,
2
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
:
Y
(
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
)
V
r
ms:
2
2
8
0
0
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
:
5
0
A
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
:
4
3
,
2
e
6
17
V
-
I
mea
su
r
e
me
n
t
1
,
2
M
e
a
su
r
e
me
n
t
:
p
h
a
se
t
o
p
h
a
se
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
me
a
su
r
e
me
n
t
:
y
e
s
5
R
L
f
i
l
t
e
r
1
,
2
B
r
a
n
c
h
t
y
p
e
:
R
L
R
e
si
st
a
n
c
e
:
0
.
1
e
-
3
I
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
:
2
0
e
8
18
R
C
F
i
l
t
e
r
1
,
2
R
e
si
st
a
n
c
e
:
0
,
5
O
h
m
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
:
0
,
1
F
6
Tr
a
n
sf
o
r
mer
1
,
2
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
:
D
Y
N
o
mi
n
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
:
6
e
6
P
r
i
mary
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
:
2
2
,
8
e
6
S
e
c
o
n
d
a
r
y
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
:
1
0
e
6
19
A
sy
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s m
o
t
o
r
F
D
F
r
o
t
o
r
t
y
p
e
:
sq
u
i
r
r
e
l
c
a
g
e
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
c
a
l
i
n
p
u
t
:
T
o
r
q
u
e
Tm
,
0
N
o
mi
n
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
:
2
0
5
2
2
2
0
W
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
:
1
0
0
0
0
V
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
:
5
0
H
z
P
o
l
e
:
8
S
l
i
p
:
0
,
0
1
3
3
7
D
i
o
d
a
r
e
c
t
i
f
i
e
r
B
r
i
d
g
e
a
r
ms
:
3
D
e
v
i
c
e
:
I
G
B
T/
D
i
o
d
a
20
A
sy
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s m
o
t
o
r
P
A
F
R
o
t
o
r
t
y
p
e
:
S
q
u
i
r
r
e
l
c
a
g
e
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
c
a
l
i
n
p
u
t
:
T
o
r
q
u
e
Tm
,
0
N
o
mi
n
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
:
1
4
6
7
6
3
0
W
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
:
1
0
0
0
0
V
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
:
5
0
H
z
P
o
l
e
:
4
S
l
i
p
:
0
,
0
1
3
3
8
L
f
i
l
t
e
r
1
,
2
I
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
:
8
0
0
H
21
B
u
s
se
l
e
c
t
o
r
1
,
2
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
c
a
l
mo
t
o
r
s
p
e
e
d
(
W
m)
9
C
f
i
l
t
e
r
1
,
2
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
:
7
5
0
0
0
F
22
S
h
a
f
t
sp
e
e
d
1
,
2
V
e
l
o
c
i
t
y
so
u
r
c
e
,
t
o
r
q
u
e
s
e
n
so
r
10
S
i
n
u
s
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
1
,
2
S
i
n
e
t
y
p
e
:
t
i
me
b
a
se
d
a
mp
l
i
t
u
d
e
:
1
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
:
2
*
p
i
*
5
0
(
0
–
5
0
H
z
)
P
h
a
se
:
1
2
0
r
a
d
P
h
a
se
:
0
23
F
D
F
f
a
n
D
i
sp
l
a
c
e
me
n
t
:
5
e
-
0
6
m^
3
/
r
a
d
N
o
mi
n
a
l
s
h
a
f
t
a
n
g
u
l
a
r
v
e
l
o
c
i
t
y
:
7
5
0
N
o
mi
n
a
l
f
l
u
i
d
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
:
1
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
N
o
L
o
a
d
T
o
r
q
u
e
:
1
0
,
9
11
D
e
l
a
y
s
i
g
n
a
l
1
,
3
Ti
me
d
e
l
a
y
:
0
,
0
0
6
7
I
n
i
t
i
a
l
b
u
f
f
e
r
si
z
e
:
1
0
2
4
24
P
A
F
f
a
n
D
i
sp
l
a
c
e
me
n
t
:
5
e
-
0
6
m^
3
/
r
a
d
N
o
mi
n
a
l
s
h
a
f
t
a
n
g
u
l
a
r
v
e
l
o
c
i
t
y
:
1
4
4
6
N
o
mi
n
a
l
f
l
u
i
d
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
:
1
4
0
0
N
o
l
o
a
d
t
o
r
q
u
e
:
0
12
D
e
l
a
y
s
i
g
n
a
l
2
,
4
Ti
me
d
e
l
a
y
:
0
,
0
1
3
I
n
i
t
i
a
l
b
u
f
f
e
r
si
z
e
:
1
0
2
4
25
S
c
o
p
e
d
i
sp
l
a
y
S
i
n
u
s s
i
g
n
a
l
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
C
o
m
b
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
g
n
a
l
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
O
u
t
p
u
t
s
i
g
n
a
l
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
I
G
B
T
si
g
n
a
l
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
R
e
s
u
l
t
si
g
n
a
l
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
13
S
a
w
t
o
o
t
h
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
1
,
2
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
:
1
e
3
P
h
a
se
:
1
2
0
26
Lo
a
d
m
e
c
h
a
n
i
c
a
l
t
o
r
q
u
e
0
-
1
0
,
9
N
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
694
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
Sy
s
t,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
2059
–
2
0
6
9
2064
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
VFD
o
u
t
p
u
t sig
n
al
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
lo
west
in
p
u
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
f
o
r
VFD
is
2
Hz
a
n
d
th
e
h
ig
h
est
is
5
0
Hz,
t
h
e
lo
w
est
FD
F
v
o
ltag
e
is
2
8
9
2
V
a
n
d
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
is
9
8
2
6
V,
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
r
a
n
g
es
f
r
o
m
2
9
A
to
1
3
9
A,
th
e
lo
west
m
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
is
4
5
R
p
m
an
d
th
e
h
ig
h
est
is
7
6
2
R
p
m
an
d
air
f
lo
w
o
b
tai
n
ed
th
e
lo
west
77
T
o
n
s
/h
o
u
r
to
th
e
h
ig
h
est
1
6
6
1
T
o
n
s
/h
o
u
r
.
PAF
o
u
tp
u
t
o
b
tain
ed
th
e
lo
w
est
v
o
ltag
e
is
2
8
8
0
V
an
d
th
e
h
ig
h
est
is
9
8
1
6
V,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
r
a
n
g
es
f
r
o
m
2
7
A
to
9
8
A,
th
e
l
o
west
m
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
is
2
9
5
R
p
m
a
n
d
th
e
h
ig
h
est
is
1
3
6
3
R
p
m
an
d
th
e
lo
west
air
f
lo
w
r
ate
is
90
T
o
n
/
h
o
u
r
an
d
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
est
is
526
T
o
n
/h
o
u
r
.
Var
iati
o
n
o
f
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
f
o
llo
wed
by
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
FDF
an
d
PAF m
o
to
r
s
is
s
h
o
wn
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
.
T
ab
le
2
.
VFD
o
u
tp
u
t v
alu
e
No
F
r
e
q
.
i
n
p
u
t
F
D
F
PAF
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
(V)
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
(A)
S
p
e
e
d
(
R
p
m)
A
i
r
F
l
o
w
(
To
n
/
h
r
)
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
(V)
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
(A)
S
p
e
e
d
(
R
p
m)
A
i
r
F
l
o
w
(
To
n
/
h
r
)
1
2
2
8
9
2
29
45
77
2
8
8
0
27
2
9
5
90
2
4
3
8
2
8
51
81
1
3
9
3
9
2
4
41
2
9
4
81
3
6
4
9
9
1
74
1
0
5
1
8
1
4
9
9
3
54
3
2
8
94
4
8
5
5
0
0
94
1
4
7
2
5
7
5
4
9
7
67
3
7
8
1
1
1
5
10
5
9
5
8
1
1
0
1
7
4
3
1
1
5
9
5
9
77
4
3
0
1
3
0
6
12
6
3
4
7
1
2
1
2
4
3
4
4
0
6
3
3
4
86
4
8
5
1
4
9
7
14
6
6
4
1
1
3
2
2
8
0
5
1
5
6
6
2
9
94
5
3
7
1
6
9
8
16
6
9
1
7
1
3
7
3
1
2
5
8
9
6
9
0
6
98
5
8
3
1
8
9
9
18
7
2
2
1
1
3
7
3
4
1
6
6
4
7
2
0
7
98
6
2
6
2
1
0
10
20
7
5
6
2
1
3
1
3
7
0
7
4
1
7
5
6
1
93
6
6
8
2
3
2
11
22
7
8
5
0
1
2
3
4
0
0
8
2
0
7
8
4
2
87
7
1
3
2
5
5
12
24
8
0
5
7
1
3
9
4
3
8
8
9
7
8
0
4
8
78
7
6
2
2
7
9
13
26
8
2
3
2
1
1
2
4
6
9
9
8
4
8
2
1
6
69
8
1
4
3
0
3
14
28
8
4
4
2
1
0
0
5
0
3
1
0
6
0
8
4
2
9
59
8
7
0
3
2
8
15
30
8
5
8
6
93
5
3
4
1
1
3
6
8
5
7
0
51
9
2
7
3
5
2
16
32
8
7
1
3
82
5
6
9
1
2
1
5
8
7
0
6
42
9
8
4
3
7
5
17
34
8
8
5
8
70
6
0
1
1
2
9
3
8
8
4
2
36
1
0
4
1
3
9
9
18
36
9
0
0
4
59
6
3
7
1
3
7
8
8
9
9
1
32
1
0
9
9
4
2
1
19
38
9
1
3
7
58
6
7
1
1
4
5
8
9
1
2
4
31
1
1
5
4
4
4
4
20
40
9
1
7
4
63
7
0
4
1
5
3
1
9
1
6
5
34
1
2
0
8
4
6
5
21
42
9
3
9
4
73
7
3
4
1
5
9
7
9
3
8
1
40
1
2
5
9
4
8
5
22
44
9
4
7
6
84
7
6
0
1
6
5
7
9
4
7
1
47
1
3
0
5
5
0
3
23
46
9
5
1
5
95
7
8
1
1
7
0
2
9
5
0
0
54
1
3
4
4
5
1
8
24
48
9
5
8
7
1
0
7
7
9
0
1
7
2
2
9
5
8
6
62
1
3
6
8
5
2
8
25
50
9
8
2
6
1
1
8
7
6
2
1
6
6
1
9
8
1
6
70
1
3
6
3
5
2
6
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
E
n
erg
y
s
a
vin
g
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f a
ir
fa
n
mo
to
r
in
p
o
w
er p
la
n
t b
o
iler
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
…
(
P
r
a
mo
n
o
Mu
kti
Wib
o
w
o
)
2065
F
ig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
v
a
r
iatio
n
o
f
in
p
u
t
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
in
VFD
f
r
o
m
2
Hz
to
5
0
Hz
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
a
v
o
ltag
e
ch
an
g
e
wh
ich
in
c
r
ea
s
es f
r
o
m
2
8
8
0
V
to
1
0
0
0
0
V.
T
h
e
v
ar
ia
tio
n
of
v
o
ltag
e
f
o
llo
wed
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
FDF an
d
PAF
m
o
to
r
s
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
I
t
s
h
o
ws
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
v
o
lt
ag
e
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
FDF
an
d
PAF
m
o
to
r
s
.
I
n
th
e
FDF
m
o
to
r
,
th
e
lo
west
v
o
ltag
e
is
2
8
9
2
V
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
a
m
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
o
f
4
5
R
p
m
,
wh
ile
th
e
h
ig
h
est
v
o
ltag
e
is
9
8
2
6
V
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
a
m
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
o
f
7
6
2
R
p
m
.
I
n
th
e
PAF
m
o
to
r
,
th
e
lo
west
v
o
ltag
e
i
s
2
8
8
0
V
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
a
m
o
t
o
r
s
p
ee
d
o
f
2
9
5
R
p
m
a
n
d
th
e
h
ig
h
est
v
o
ltag
e
is
9
8
1
6
V
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
a
m
o
t
o
r
s
p
ee
d
o
f
1
3
6
3
R
p
m
.
T
h
e
v
a
r
io
u
s
s
p
e
ed
o
f
th
e
FDF m
o
to
r
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
air
f
l
o
w
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
o
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
v
ar
io
u
s
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
o
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
v
ar
io
u
s
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
s
p
ee
d
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
ws
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
FDF
m
o
to
r
f
o
llo
we
d
b
y
air
f
lo
w
i
n
th
e
im
p
eller
f
an
wh
ich
is
th
e
lo
ad
o
n
th
e
m
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
lo
west
s
p
ee
d
is
4
5
R
p
m
f
o
llo
wed
air
f
lo
w
r
ate
at
7
7
T
o
n
/
h
o
u
r
an
d
at
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
s
p
ee
d
is
7
6
2
R
p
m
f
o
llo
wed
air
f
lo
w
at
1
6
6
1
T
o
n
/
h
o
u
r
.
T
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
PAF
m
o
to
r
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
a
ir
f
lo
w
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
I
t
s
h
o
ws
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
PAF
m
o
to
r
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
ai
r
f
lo
w.
T
h
e
lo
west
s
p
ee
d
is
298
R
p
m
f
o
llo
wed
ai
r
f
lo
w
r
ate
at
90
To
n
/
h
o
u
r
a
n
d
th
e
h
ig
h
est
s
p
ee
d
is
7
6
2
R
p
m
f
o
llo
wed
air
f
lo
w
at
1
6
6
1
t
o
n
/h
o
u
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
C
o
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
v
ar
io
u
s
s
p
ee
d
a
n
d
air
f
lo
w
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
C
o
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
v
ar
io
u
s
s
p
ee
d
a
n
d
air
f
lo
w
3
.
2
.
P
o
wer
ca
lc
ula
t
io
n
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
p
o
wer
ca
lcu
la
tio
n
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
T
ab
le
2
VFD
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
alu
e
,
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
ata
tab
le
s
ea
r
c
h
ed
f
l
o
w
r
ate
v
alu
e
w
h
ich
is
clo
s
e
t
o
th
e
ac
tu
al
f
lo
w
r
ate
v
al
u
e,
th
e
f
lo
w
r
ate
v
al
u
e
is
9
8
4
T
o
n
/h
r
f
o
r
FDF
an
d
2
3
2
T
o
n
/h
r
f
o
r
PAF.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
r
ate
will
s
h
o
w
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
m
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
v
alu
es,
th
en
th
e
p
o
wer
will
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
b
ase
d
o
n
th
ese
v
alu
es.
T
o
tal
r
u
n
n
in
g
h
o
u
r
s
b
ase
o
n
o
p
er
atio
n
tim
e
a
y
ea
r
is
r
e
d
u
c
ed
b
y
o
f
f
tim
e,
th
e
r
esu
lt is
7
2
8
6
h
o
u
r
s
.
3
.
2
.
1.
T
o
t
a
l
po
wer
o
f
F
DF
mo
t
o
r
As s
h
o
wn
(
2
)
is
u
s
ed
to
ca
lc
u
late
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ic
p
o
wer
in
th
e
FDF m
o
to
r
,
=
√
3
.
.
.
ℎ
=
√
3
.
8232
.
112
.
0
.
85
=
1
,
355
,
777
,
472
.
=
1
,
355
.
78
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
694
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
Sy
s
t,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
2059
–
2
0
6
9
2066
T
o
ca
lcu
late
th
e
elec
tr
ic
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
f
o
r
1
h
o
u
r
th
en
m
u
ltip
lied
b
y
an
h
o
u
r
,
=
1
,
355
.
78
.
1
ℎ
=
1
,
355
.
78
ℎ
T
h
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
u
n
n
in
g
h
o
u
r
s
in
1
y
ea
r
a
r
e
7
2
8
6
h
o
u
r
s
,
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
t
h
e
to
tal
p
o
w
er
is
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
m
u
ltip
ly
in
g
th
e
KW
h
b
y
th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
y
ea
r
,
=
1
,
355
.
78
ℎ
7286
ℎ
=
9
,
878
,
213
.
08
ℎ
As
s
h
o
wn
(
3
)
is
u
s
ed
to
ca
lc
u
late
o
p
er
atin
g
co
s
ts
b
y
m
u
ltip
ly
in
g
th
e
to
tal
KW
h
b
y
th
e
p
r
ice
p
er
KW
h
,
T
o
tal
o
p
er
atin
g
c
o
s
ts
;
=
9
,
878
,
213
.
08
ℎ
1000
=
9
,
878
,
213
.
080
E
f
f
icien
cy
o
f
FDF
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
(
6
)
,
=
dP
.
Q
P
F
D
F
100
%
Dif
f
er
en
t
ial
Pre
s
s
u
r
e
(
d
P)
is
p
r
ess
u
r
e
o
f
f
lo
w
r
ate
FDF
wh
ich
o
p
e
n
ed
d
a
m
p
er
1
0
0
%,
1
KPa.
Flo
w
r
ate
v
alu
e
is
9
8
4
T
o
n
/
h
r
or
2
7
3
.
3
4
k
g
/s
.
=
1
x
273
.
34
kg
s
x
60
s
e
c
on
d
x
60
min
ute
x
7286
hou
r
s
9
,
878
,
213
,
080
(
Wh
)
100
%
=
7
2
.
5
7
%
3
.
2
.
2.
T
o
t
a
l
po
wer
o
f
P
AF
mo
t
or
As s
h
o
wn
(
2
)
is
u
s
ed
to
ca
lc
u
late
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ic
p
o
wer
in
th
e
PAF m
o
to
r
,
=
√
3
.
.
.
ℎ
=
√
3
.
7561
.
93
.
0
.
85
=
1
,
034
,
015
,
896
.
=
1
,
034
,
016
T
o
ca
lcu
late
th
e
elec
tr
icity
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
f
o
r
1
h
o
u
r
,
it is
m
u
l
tip
lied
b
y
an
h
o
u
r
;
=
1
,
034
,
016
.
1
ℎ
=
1
,
034
,
016
ℎ
Th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
r
u
n
n
in
g
h
o
u
r
s
in
1
y
ea
r
is
7
2
8
6
h
o
u
r
s
,
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
th
e
to
tal
p
o
wer
is
ca
lcu
la
ted
b
y
m
u
ltip
ly
in
g
th
e
KW
h
b
y
th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
y
ea
r
.
T
h
en
it is
o
b
tain
ed
,
=
1
,
034
,
016
ℎ
7286
ℎ
=
7
,
533
,
840
,
576
ℎ
As
s
h
o
wn
(
3
)
is
u
s
ed
to
ca
lc
u
late
o
p
er
atin
g
co
s
ts
b
y
m
u
ltip
ly
in
g
th
e
to
tal
KW
h
b
y
th
e
p
r
ice
p
er
KW
h
,
T
o
tal
o
p
er
atin
g
c
o
s
ts
,
=
7
,
533
,
840
,
576
ℎ
1
,
000
=
7
,
533
,
840
,
576
PAF
ef
f
icien
cy
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
(
6
)
,
=
dP
.
Q
P
F
D
F
100
%
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
E
n
erg
y
s
a
vin
g
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f a
ir
fa
n
mo
to
r
in
p
o
w
er p
la
n
t b
o
iler
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
…
(
P
r
a
mo
n
o
Mu
kti
Wib
o
w
o
)
2067
Dif
f
er
en
t
ial
Pre
s
s
u
r
e
(
d
P)
is
p
r
ess
u
r
e
o
f
f
lo
w
r
ate
FDF
wh
ich
o
p
e
n
ed
d
a
m
p
er
1
0
0
%,
3
KPa.
Flo
w
r
ate
v
alu
e
is
232
T
o
n
/
h
r
or
64
4
k
g
/s
.
=
3
x
64
kg
s
x
60
s
e
c
on
d
x
60
min
ute
x
7286
hou
r
s
7
,
533
,
840
,
576
(
Wh
)
100
%
=
66
.
8
4
%
3.
3
.
Sa
v
ing
s
o
pp
o
rt
un
it
ies
Sav
in
g
s
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
is
ca
lcu
lat
ed
u
s
in
g
(
4
)
,
ex
is
tin
g
m
o
to
r
p
o
wer
m
in
u
s
s
im
u
lated
m
o
t
o
r
p
o
wer
.
T
h
e
ex
is
tin
g
m
o
to
r
p
o
we
r
i
s
I
DR
2
5
,
6
4
5
,
6
2
7
.
1
KW
h
/y
ea
r
an
d
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
p
o
wer
(
FDF+PAF
)
is
1
7
,
4
1
2
,
0
5
3
,
6
5
6
KW
h
/y
ea
r
.
=
–
=
25
,
645
,
627
.
1
−
17
,
412
,
053
,
656
=
8
,
233
,
573
,
444
ℎ
/
:
=
8
,
233
,
573
,
444
ℎ
1000
=
8
,
233
,
573
,
444
T
h
e
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ity
f
o
r
s
av
i
n
g
e
lectr
ical
p
o
wer
in
a
s
im
u
lati
o
n
is
8
,
2
3
3
,
5
7
3
,
4
4
4
KW
h
/y
e
ar
o
r
in
a
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
3
2
.
1
%.
Fin
an
cia
lly
,
th
e
co
s
t sav
in
g
s
was
I
DR
8
,
2
3
3
,
5
7
3
,
4
4
4
3.
3
.
B
re
a
k
ev
en
po
int
B
ased
o
n
th
e
in
v
estme
n
t
co
s
t
f
o
r
th
e
in
s
tallatio
n
o
f
VFD
FDF
o
f
I
DR
2
,
5
0
0
,
0
0
0
,
0
0
0
a
n
d
a
PA
F
VFD
in
v
estme
n
t o
f
I
DR
2
,
0
0
0
,
0
0
0
,
0
0
0
[
3
3
]
,
th
en
th
e
B
r
ea
k
E
v
en
Po
in
t
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
(
5
)
.
=
/
,
=
4
,
500
,
000
,
000
/
8
,
233
,
573
,
444
=
0
.
546
=
6
.
552
ℎ
A
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
th
e
o
v
er
all
d
ata
o
b
tain
ed
is
s
h
o
wn
i
n
T
ab
le
3
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Su
m
m
a
r
y
o
f
r
esear
ch
d
ata
r
esu
lt
No
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
A
c
t
u
a
l
sy
s
t
e
m
S
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
sy
s
t
e
m
S
a
v
i
n
g
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
y
M
o
t
o
r
F
D
F
M
o
t
o
r
P
A
F
M
o
t
o
r
F
D
F
M
o
t
o
r
P
A
F
M
o
t
o
r
F
D
F
M
o
t
o
r
P
A
F
1
R
u
n
n
i
n
g
h
o
u
r
s
(
h
o
u
r
)
7
,
2
8
6
7
,
2
8
6
7
,
2
8
6
7
,
2
8
6
2
F
l
o
w
r
a
t
e
(
To
n
/
h
o
u
r
)
9
6
7
.
5
2
4
2
.
85
9
8
4
2
5
5
3
Fr
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
H
z
)
50
50
26
22
4
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
(
V
r
ms)
9
,
9
5
5
.
62
9
,
9
5
5
.
62
8
,
2
3
2
7
,
5
6
1
5
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
(
I
r
ms)
1
7
4
.
22
1
2
3
.
22
1
1
2
93
6
S
p
e
e
d
mo
t
o
r
(
R
p
m)
7
4
0
1
4
7
5
4
6
9
7
1
3
7
To
t
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
(
K
W
)
(
P
=
√
3
.
V
.
I
.
0
,
8
5
)
2
,
0
5
2
.
22
1
,
4
6
7
.
63
1
,
3
5
5
.
78
1
,
0
3
4
.
0
1
6
8
To
t
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
e
a
c
h
mo
t
o
r
(
K
W
h
/
y
e
a
r
)
(
P
x
7
2
8
6
)
14
,
952
,
4
7
4
.
9
10
,
693
,
1
5
2
.2
9
,
8
7
8
,
2
1
3
.
08
7
,
5
3
3
,
8
4
0
.
57
5
,
0
7
4
,
2
6
1
.
8
2
,
3
4
4
,
3
7
2
.
5
9
To
t
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
f
o
r
2
m
o
t
o
r
s
(
K
W
h
/
y
e
a
r
)
(
P
F
D
F
+
P
P
A
F
)
25
,
645
,
6
2
7
.
1
17
,
412
,
0
5
3
.
6
5
6
8
,
2
3
3
,
5
7
3
.
444
10
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
c
o
s
t
p
e
r
K
W
h
(
I
D
R
)
1
,
0
0
0
1
,
0
0
0
1
,
0
0
0
11
To
t
a
l
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
s
t
(
IDR
/
y
e
a
r
)
(
P
t
o
t
x
1
0
0
0
)
25
,
645
,
6
2
7
,
1
0
0
1
7
,
4
1
2
,
0
5
3
,
6
5
6
8
,
2
3
3
,
5
7
3
,
4
4
4
12
A
p
p
r
o
x
i
ma
t
e
i
n
v
e
st
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
s
t
o
f
V
F
D
(
F
D
F
+
P
A
F
)
13
B
r
e
a
k
e
v
e
n
p
o
i
n
t
(
y
e
a
r
)
(
To
t
a
l
i
n
v
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
/
s
a
v
i
n
g
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
y
)
14
B
r
e
a
k
e
v
e
n
p
o
i
n
t
(
mo
n
t
h
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
694
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
Sy
s
t,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
2059
–
2
0
6
9
2068
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
o
f
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
of
FDF
an
d
PAF
d
u
r
in
g
1
y
ea
r
with
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
a
VFD
is
2
5
,
6
4
5
,
6
2
7
.
1
KW
h
,
wh
ile
u
s
in
g
a
VFD
is
1
7
,
4
1
2
,
0
5
3
,
6
5
6
KW
h
.
So
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
VFD
is
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
to
b
e
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
en
er
g
y
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
it
s
lo
wer
elec
tr
icity
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
f
o
r
s
av
in
g
b
y
u
s
in
g
VFD
is
8
,
2
3
3
,
5
7
3
,
4
4
4
KW
h
o
r
3
2
.
1
%
an
d
t
h
e
co
s
t
a
d
v
an
tag
e
o
b
tain
ed
is
I
DR
8
,
2
3
3
,
5
7
3
,
4
4
4
.
E
f
f
icien
cy
o
f
FDF
is
in
cr
ea
s
e
to
b
e
7
2
.
5
7
% a
n
d
P
AF
is
6
6
.
84%
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M
.
E
.
Na
sru
d
d
i
n
,
“
E
n
e
rg
y
Au
d
it
s
a
n
d
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
Tes
t
o
f
P
LN
T
a
n
ju
n
g
Ja
ti
B
U
n
it
3
a
n
d
4
,
”
Lem
b
a
g
a
Tek
n
o
l
o
g
i
F
a
k
u
lt
a
s T
e
k
n
i
k
UI,
Ja
k
a
rta
1
0
4
3
0
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
2
0
1
8
,
Un
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
.
[2
]
M
.
S
e
q
u
e
ira
a
n
d
S
.
Ala
h
a
k
o
o
n
,
“
En
e
rg
y
Eff
icie
n
t
Va
riab
le
S
p
e
e
d
Driv
e
s
Emp
o
we
re
d
wit
h
T
o
rq
u
e
Esti
m
a
ti
o
n
,
”
En
e
rg
y
Pro
c
e
d
i
a
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
0
,
n
o
.
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
9
4
-
2
0
1
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
e
g
y
p
r
o
.
2
0
1
9
.
0
2
.
1
3
6
.
[3
]
M
.
M
a
rc
h
e
so
n
i
,
En
e
rg
y
Ef
fi
c
ien
c
y
in
El
e
c
tric M
o
to
rs
,
Dr
ive
s,
Po
w
e
r Co
n
v
e
rte
rs
a
n
d
Rela
ted
S
y
ste
m
s
.
Italy
:
M
DPI,
2
0
2
0
.
[4
]
K.
P
.
L
o
d
h
a
ri,
“
Va
riab
le
Vo
lt
a
g
e
Va
riab
le
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Dri
v
e
f
o
r
S
i
n
g
le
-
P
h
a
se
M
o
t
o
r
a
n
d
it
s
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
6
24
–
6
2
8
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
2
1
2
7
5
/
9
0
9
1
8
0
2
.
[5
]
A.
F
ri,
R.
El
Ba
c
h
t
iri
,
A.
E
.
G
h
z
iza
l,
a
n
d
A.
Na
a
m
a
n
e
,
“
Tri
p
h
a
se
sy
m
m
e
tri
c
a
l
c
a
s
c
a
d
e
d
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
i
n
v
e
rter (5
L
)
f
o
r
P
V
sy
ste
m
s
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
d
b
y
v
a
rio
u
s
m
u
lt
ica
rrier
P
WM
stra
teg
ies
,
”
En
e
rg
y
Pro
c
e
d
ia
,
v
o
l.
6
2
,
p
p
.
5
4
3
–
55
4
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
e
g
y
p
r
o
.
2
0
1
4
.
1
2
.
4
1
6
.
[6
]
M
.
Tari
q
a
n
d
T.
Iq
b
a
l,
“
P
o
we
r
Qu
a
li
ty
Im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
b
y
u
sin
g
M
u
lt
i
-
p
u
lse
AC
-
DC
C
o
n
v
e
rters
fo
r
DC
Dri
v
e
s:
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
,
S
imu
latio
n
a
n
d
it
s
Di
g
it
a
l
Im
p
lem
e
n
tati
o
n
,
”
J
.
El
e
c
tr.
S
y
st.
In
f.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
5
5
–
2
6
5
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
jes
it
.
2
0
1
4
.
1
2
.
0
0
7
.
[7
]
A.
Ali,
“
A
Lo
w
c
o
st
m
o
d
e
ll
in
g
o
f
th
e
v
a
ria
b
le
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
ri
v
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
in
in
d
u
strial
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
8
–
4
2
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
0
5
2
1
/
jes
.
4
0
5
7
7
4
.
[8
]
S
.
Ve
li
c
u
,
S
.
V.
P
a
t
u
rc
a
,
a
n
d
M
.
Co
v
ri
g
,
“
An
Im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
T
h
e
M
e
c
h
a
n
ic
Ecc
e
n
tri
c
P
o
we
r
P
re
ss
e
r
Dy
n
a
m
ics
b
y
Us
in
g
Va
riab
le
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
to
r
Driv
e
s,”
I
FA
C
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
Vo
l
u
me
s
,
v
o
l.
4
0
,
n
o
.
1
8
,
p
p
.
8
7
5
-
8
7
9
,
2
0
0
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
1
8
2
/
2
0
0
7
0
9
2
7
-
4
-
RO
-
3
9
0
5
.
0
0
1
4
5
.
[9
]
C.
M
.
Bu
rt,
X.
P
iao
,
F
.
G
a
u
d
i,
B.
Bu
sc
h
,
a
n
d
N.
F
.
N.
Ta
u
fi
k
,
“
El
e
c
tri
c
M
o
to
r
Eff
icie
n
c
y
u
n
d
e
r
Va
riab
le
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
ies
a
n
d
Lo
a
d
s,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Irr
ig
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Dr
a
in
a
g
e
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
3
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
2
0
0
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
6
1
/(A
S
CE)0
7
3
3
-
9
4
3
7
(2
0
0
8
)1
3
4
:2
(
1
2
9
).
[1
0
]
S
.
E.
N.
Ag
u
sti
n
a
,
“
En
e
rg
y
An
a
l
y
sis
o
n
C
o
a
l
S
tea
m
P
o
we
r
P
la
n
t
P
t.
En
e
rg
i
Ala
m
ra
y
a
S
e
m
e
sta
,
”
B.
S
.
Th
e
sis,
Ag
ricu
lt
u
re
In
stit
u
te Bo
g
o
r
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
1
]
L.
S
c
h
ib
u
o
la,
M
.
S
c
a
rp
a
,
a
n
d
C.
Tam
b
a
n
i,
“
Va
riab
le
sp
e
e
d
d
riv
e
(
VSD
)
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
p
p
li
e
d
to
H
VA
C
fo
r
e
n
e
rg
y
sa
v
in
g
:
a
n
e
x
p
e
rime
n
tal
i
n
v
e
sti
g
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
e
n
e
rg
y
sa
v
in
g
,
”
En
e
rg
y
Pro
c
e
d
ia
,
v
o
l.
1
4
8
,
p
p
.
8
0
6
–
8
1
3
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
e
g
y
p
r
o
.
2
0
1
8
.
0
8
.
1
1
7
.
[1
2
]
P
.
Bh
a
se
a
n
d
M
.
Lath
k
a
r,
“
En
e
rg
y
c
o
n
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
VFD,
”
In
t.
Co
n
f.
E
n
e
rg
y
S
y
st.
Ap
p
l.
IC
ES
A
2
0
1
5
,
n
o
.
Ja
n
u
a
ry
,
p
p
.
5
3
1
–
5
3
6
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
IC
ES
A.2
0
1
5
.
7
5
0
3
4
0
6
.
[1
3
]
T.
Ad
it
y
a
,
“
Re
se
a
rc
h
to
stu
d
y
Va
riab
le
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Dri
v
e
a
n
d
i
ts
E
n
e
rg
y
S
a
v
i
n
g
s,”
I
n
t.
J
.
S
c
i.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
3
1
9
–
7
0
6
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
4
]
N.
Kh
a
li
d
,
“
Eff
icie
n
t
e
n
e
rg
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t :
is
v
a
riab
le
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
riv
e
s
th
e
so
lu
t
io
n
,
”
Pro
c
e
d
ia
-
S
o
c
.
Beh
a
v
.
S
c
i.
,
v
o
l.
1
4
5
,
p
p
.
3
7
1
–
3
7
6
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
sb
sp
r
o
.
2
0
1
4
.
0
6
.
0
4
6
.
[1
5
]
M
.
A.
M
a
g
z
o
u
b
,
N.
B.
S
a
a
d
,
a
n
d
R.
B.
Ib
ra
h
im,
“
Eff
icie
n
c
y
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
t
o
r
v
a
ria
b
le
sp
e
e
d
d
riv
e
u
sin
g
a
h
y
b
rid
f
u
z
z
y
-
fu
z
z
y
c
o
n
tro
l
ler,”
En
e
rg
y
Pro
c
e
d
ia
,
v
o
l.
7
5
,
p
p
.
1
5
2
9
–
1
5
3
5
,
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
e
g
y
p
r
o
.
2
0
1
5
.
0
7
.
3
0
9
.
[1
6
]
P
.
S
h
in
d
e
,
R.
Bu
r
u
n
g
a
le,
P
.
Ka
l
e
,
P
.
Ja
in
,
a
n
d
A.
P
ro
f
,
“
S
p
e
e
d
Co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
I
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
to
r
b
y
Us
in
g
Va
riab
le
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Driv
e
,
”
J
.
E
n
g
.
Res
.
A
p
p
l.
www.i
jer
a
.
c
o
m
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
5
–
3
7
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
7
]
V.
Am
b
ro
z
ic
a
n
d
I
.
Na
stra
n
,
“
Tea
c
h
in
g
Co
n
tro
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
Dri
v
e
s
-
A
P
o
ss
ib
le
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
,
”
IFA
C
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
Vo
lu
me
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
8
;
n
o
.
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
5
9
,
1
9
9
5
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/S
1
4
7
4
-
6
6
7
0
(
1
7
)
4
5
1
4
4
-
5.
[1
8
]
S
.
Tu
n
y
a
srir
u
t
a
n
d
V.
Ki
n
n
a
re
s,
“
S
p
e
e
d
a
n
d
P
o
we
r
Co
n
tro
l
o
f
a
S
li
p
En
e
r
g
y
Re
c
o
v
e
ry
Dri
v
e
Us
in
g
Vo
lt
a
g
e
-
S
o
u
rc
e
P
WM
Co
n
v
e
rter
with
Cu
r
re
n
t
Co
n
tr
o
ll
e
d
Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
,
”
En
e
rg
y
Pro
c
e
d
ia
,
v
o
l.
3
4
,
p
p
.
3
2
6
–
3
4
0
,
2
0
1
3
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
e
g
y
p
r
o
.
2
0
1
3
.
0
6
.
7
6
1
.
[1
9
]
M
.
K.
Ba
irwa
a
n
d
G
.
K.
Da
l
a
l,
“
S
imu
lati
o
n
S
t
u
d
y
o
f
P
W
M
Tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
fo
r
Vo
lt
a
g
e
S
o
u
rc
e
Co
n
v
e
rters
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
4
6
0
–
2
4
6
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
0
]
N.
P
imk
u
m
wo
n
g
,
A.
On
k
ro
n
g
,
a
n
d
T
.
S
a
p
a
k
lo
m
,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
S
imu
latio
n
o
f
Dire
c
t
To
r
q
u
e
Co
n
tro
l
I
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
to
r
Driv
e
s
v
ia
Co
n
sta
n
t
Vo
lt
/
He
rtz
Tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
,
”
Pr
o
c
e
d
i
a
En
g
.
,
v
o
l.
3
1
,
p
p
.
1
2
1
1
–
1
2
1
6
,
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
p
r
o
e
n
g
.
2
0
1
2
.
0
1
.
1
1
6
6
.
[2
1
]
P
.
B
h
a
se
a
n
d
M
.
Lath
k
a
r,
"
En
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
V
F
D,"
2
0
1
5
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
.
5
3
1
-
5
3
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/IC
ES
A.2
0
1
5
.
7
5
0
3
4
0
6
.
[2
2
]
E.
F
.
O,
O.
E.
E,
O.
J.
C,
a
n
d
A.
V
N,
“
M
o
d
e
ll
in
g
,
S
imu
lati
o
n
a
n
d
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
A
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
A
Va
ri
a
b
le
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Driv
e
in
S
p
e
e
d
C
o
n
tr
o
l
Of
In
d
u
c
t
io
n
M
o
t
o
r,
”
I
n
t.
J
.
En
g
.
I
n
v
e
n
t.
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
2
7
8
–
7
4
6
1
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
3
]
M
.
S
u
b
b
a
ra
o
,
C.
S
a
i,
a
n
d
S
.
S
a
ty
a
n
a
ra
y
a
n
a
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
v
a
riab
le
sw
it
c
h
in
g
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
d
in
teg
r
a
ted
sw
it
c
h
e
d
m
o
d
e
p
o
we
r
c
o
n
v
e
rter
fo
r
c
las
s
C
&
c
las
s
D
a
p
p
li
a
n
c
e
s,”
Ai
n
S
h
a
ms
E
n
g
.
J
.
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
8
4
9
–
2
8
5
8
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
a
se
j.
2
0
1
7
.
1
0
.
0
0
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.