Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
4
,
Decem
be
r 202
0
, p
p.
203
8
~
204
5
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v11.i
4
.
pp203
8
-
204
5
2038
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Op
tim
al
config
uration
of
hybrid
PV
-
ge
nerat
or
(die
sel/GPL
)
for
a
decent
ra
li
zed
prod
uction
of
electricit
y
in
Algeri
a
Amara
M
oha
med
1
,
Z
ab
la
h
A
bdelk
ad
er
2
,
Bouana
ne
Abdel
krim
3
1,3
Depa
rt
ement
of
Elec
tr
ical
Eng
ine
er
ing,
Faculty
of
T
ec
hno
logy
,
Univer
sity
of
Dr
.
Moulay
T
aha
r
,
Saida
,
Alger
ia
2
Elec
tr
ical
Enginee
ring
,
Inst
it
ut
e
of
Th
e
Univ
ersi
ty
of
Sid
i
-
Bel
-
A
bbes.
Alge
ria
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
hist
or
y:
Re
cei
ved
Dec
8
,
201
9
Re
vised
A
pr
2
6
,
20
20
Accepte
d
J
un
6
,
20
20
The
abse
nc
e
of
el
e
ct
ri
ci
ty
in
rur
al
areas
is
on
e
of
the
m
aj
or
ch
al
l
enge
s
f
ac
ed
by
ma
ny
d
eve
l
o
ping
count
r
ie
s
l
i
ke
Alger
ia
.
Thi
s
work
has
bee
n
devot
ed
to
the
design
of
an
off
-
grid
ren
ew
ab
le
hybrid
power
sys
te
m
for
a
rur
a
l
vil
l
age
in
the
r
egi
on
of
T
i
ndouf
locate
d
in
south
Alger
ia.
The
main
obj
ec
t
ive
of
thi
s
study
is
to
d
eter
mi
ne
th
e
op
ti
mu
m
siz
e
of
the
h
ybrid
power
sys
te
m
ab
le
to
fulfi
ll
th
e
req
u
ir
em
en
ts
of
709
k
Wh/
day
primary
loa
d
wi
th
66
kW
pe
ak
lo
ad
for
a
re
mote
ar
e
a
of
230
househ
olds.
Thi
s
study
is
base
d
on
si
m
ula
ti
on
and
opti
mization
of
a
(PV
-
Diese
l)
an
d
(PV
-
GP
L)
hybrid
sys
te
m
with
a
t
ec
hni
cal
-
ec
onom
ic
an
al
y
sis.
Simul
ation
result
s
show
ed
tha
t
el
e
ct
r
ify
ing
using
a
PV
/GPL
gene
ra
t
or
hybrid
sys
tem
is
mor
e
advanta
geous
when
com
par
ed
to
the
PV
/di
ese
l
g
ene
ra
tor
hybrid
sys
te
m
as
it
has
lower
op
era
t
in
g
costs
and
em
issions
.
The
com
par
ison
is
b
ase
d
on
p
er
uni
t
cost
of
elec
tr
i
ca
l
en
erg
y
produc
ti
on
,
op
er
at
ing
cost
of
co
nvent
ion
al
foss
il
fue
l
-
b
ase
d
ene
r
gy
source
s
and
pol
lut
an
ts
g
ase
s
red
u
ct
ion
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Config
ur
at
io
n
Eco
nomic
Hybr
i
d
S
ys
te
m
LPG
Perfo
rma
nce
So
la
r
This
is
an
open
acc
ess
arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ama
ra
M
oham
ed
Dep
a
rteme
nt
of
Ele
ct
rical
E
nginee
rin
g,
Faculty
of
Tec
hnolog
y
Un
i
ve
rsity
of
D
r.
Mo
ulay
Taha
r,
Sai
da.
Alge
ria,
BP
138
En
-
Na
sr,
(20
000
Said
a),
Alge
ria.
Emai
l:
amara
_mo
ham
@y
a
ho
o.fr
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
To
re
duce
hy
drocar
bon
de
pende
nce
by
increasin
gly
e
xp
l
oiti
ng
ren
e
wab
le
e
nerg
y
resou
rces,
especial
ly
s
ola
r
power,
Alge
r
ia
has
a
dopte
d
a
long
-
te
rm
str
at
egy
ai
med
at
pro
duci
ng
40%
of
el
ect
rici
ty
fro
m
ren
e
wa
ble
ene
rgy.
T
his
strat
egy
is
base
d
on
a
tr
ue
platf
orm
for
the
s
olar
in
du
st
ry
c
ouple
d
with
a
trai
nin
g
pr
ogram
in
e
nginee
rin
g
an
d
project
mana
ge
ment.
Hopi
ng
to
pro
duce
ab
ou
t
22,00
0
me
gaw
at
ts
of
renewabl
e
energ
y
betwe
e
n
20
11
a
nd
20
30,
it
cou
ld
ac
count
f
or
m
ore
than
37%
of
t
he
natio
nal
pr
oduct
by
20
30.
This
pro
gr
am
inclu
des
the
co
ns
tr
uction
of
sixt
y
el
ect
ric
powe
r
pla
nts,
hybri
d
PV
diesel
,
ther
mo
el
ect
ric
diesel
,
hybri
d
winds
,
photov
oltai
c
s
ys
te
m
fa
rms
f
or
their
ma
ny
adv
a
ntage
s
[1
,
2].
T
he
s
olar
pote
ntial
of
Alge
ria
ranks
a
mon
g
t
he
highest
in
the
w
orl
d
.
Th
e
durati
on
of
the
s
un
excee
ds
2,000
hour
s
pe
r
year
on
al
l
the
te
rr
it
ory
a
nd
r
eaches
3,9
00
hours
in
the
m
ountain
ous
a
rea
s
an
d
the
Sa
ha
ra.
T
he
e
nerg
y
receive
d
daily
on
a
horizo
ntal
s
urf
ace
of
1
m2
is
5
(kW.
h)
on
mo
st
of
t
he
na
ti
on
.
It
is
a
ppr
ox
imat
el
y
1,7
00
(
kW.h
/m
2
ye
ar)
in
the
nort
h
an
d
2,263
(
kW.
h
/m2
year)
in
the
so
ut
h
of
the
countr
y
[3
-
6].
And
pr
ic
e
au
gme
ntati
on
of
di
esel
an
d
gas
oline
e
nc
ourag
e
d
ma
ny
ge
ner
at
or
owners
to
m
odif
y
t
he
ir
mac
hine
s
in
or
der
to
c
ons
um
e
LP
G.
T
oday
in
Alge
ria
1
Lit
re
of
diesel
c
os
ts
m
or
e
tha
n
0.1
8
$
w
hile
the
pr
ic
e
LP
G
is
a
bout
0.0
8
$
/
L
[7].
The
ob
je
ct
ive
of
this
pa
pe
r
is
to
i
nv
est
igate
a
nd
determin
e
t
he
opti
mal
co
nfi
gurati
on
of
r
enew
a
ble
e
ne
r
gy
s
ys
te
m
in
Alge
ria
and
to
co
mp
a
r
e
the
pro
du
ct
i
on
co
st
of
s
ola
r
a
nd
ge
ne
rato
r
e
nerg
y
with
i
ts
an
nu
al
yield
releva
nt
to
dif
fer
e
nt
config
ur
at
io
ns
of
a
r
ur
al
a
rea
in
the
reg
i
on
of
Tin
douf.
T
he
arti
cl
e
is
arra
ng
e
d
as
f
ollo
ws.
In
sect
io
n
2,
we
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Op
ti
m
al c
on
fi
gura
ti
on o
f
hy
bri
d
PV
-
ge
ner
ator (
diesel
/GPL
)
for a
dece
ntral
ize
d
… (A
m
ara M
ohame
d)
2039
br
ie
fl
y
desc
rib
e
the
diff
e
re
nt
ene
r
gy
s
ourc
es
s
uch
as
s
ol
ar
e
ne
rgy,
generator
Diesel
/GPL,
a
nd
de
fine
t
he
dimensi
ons
of
auto
nomous
hybri
d
s
olar
-
diesel
/GPL.
S
ect
ion
3
deals
with
the
dif
fe
ren
t
c
ompone
nt
s
typ
e,
capit
al
,
re
plac
ement,
ope
rati
on
a
nd
mai
ntenan
ce
c
os
ts,
e
ff
ic
ie
nc
y
a
nd
op
e
rati
onal
li
f
e.
Sect
io
n
4
presents
simulat
ion
res
ults
f
or
the
opti
mal
co
nf
ig
ura
ti
on
of
re
ne
wa
ble
ene
r
gy
hy
bri
d
s
ys
te
m
.
Fi
na
ll
y,
the
co
ncl
us
io
ns
are
ou
tl
ine
d
in
Sect
ion
5.
2.
ENERG
Y
SO
URCE
The
sel
ect
io
n
of
ene
r
gy
res
our
ces
is
ve
ry
imp
or
ta
nt
f
or
t
he
de
sign
of
an
e
ne
rgy
s
ys
te
m.
In
our
st
udy,
the
so
la
r
e
nerg
y
is
suffici
ent
f
or
powe
r
ge
nerat
ion
.
T
he
LP
G
an
d
diesel
ar
e
us
ed
as
fu
el
f
or
the
pro
du
ct
i
on
of
el
ect
rici
ty
fro
m
f
os
sil
f
uels.
2.1.
So
lar
ener
gy
r
esou
rces
in
tin
do
u
f
In
this
w
ork,
R
ETScree
n
[
8]
is
em
ploye
d
for
simulat
io
ns
.
S
olar
ra
diati
on
a
nd
the
cl
ear
nes
s
in
dex
a
re
us
e
d
as
the
in
pu
t
data
as
show
n
in
Table
1.
The
cl
ear
ne
ss
in
de
x
w
hich
is
a
meas
ur
e
of
the
cl
ear
nes
s
of
the
at
mo
s
ph
e
re
ha
s
an
av
era
ge
value
of
0.5
88
a
nd
the
a
ver
a
ge
s
olar
rad
ia
ti
on
in
Tindo
uf
(A
l
ge
ria)
is
5.88k
Wh
/m
2/da
y
acc
ordin
g
to
data
acce
sse
d
from
N
ASA
[9].
Table
1.
So
la
r
irrad
ia
ti
on
in
T
indouf
Mon
th
Clearn
ess
in
d
ex
Daily
radiatio
n
(K
W
/m
2
/d
)
Jan
u
ary
0
.37
9
3
.81
0
Feb
ruary
0
.46
1
4
.79
0
Mar
ch
0
.58
8
6
.18
0
Ap
ril
0
.70
6
7
.20
0
May
0
.80
4
7
.76
0
Ju
n
e
0
.84
3
7
.84
0
Ju
ly
0
.80
9
7
.63
0
Au
g
u
st
0
.70
4
6
.98
0
Sep
tem
b
er
0
.58
6
6
.05
0
Octo
b
er
0
.47
7
4
.94
0
No
v
em
b
er
0
.39
8
4
.02
0
Dece
m
b
er
0
.33
7
3
.34
0
An
n
u
al
Av
erage
0
.58
8
5
.88
0
2.2.
The
li
quid
pe
t
roleum
gas
(
LGP
)
The
li
que
fied
petr
oleum
ga
s
(LPG)
is
lo
we
r
car
bon
al
te
rnat
ive
to
li
quid
an
d
s
olid
f
os
s
il
fu
el
s.
It
s
com
busti
on
e
mit
s
49%
le
ss
carbo
n
dioxide
than
coal
an
d
17%
le
ss
t
han
oil.
LP
G
al
s
o
emit
s
al
mo
st
no
black
carbo
n;
w
hic
h
sci
entist
s
now
belie
ve
is
t
he
sec
ond
biggest
c
on
t
rib
uto
r
to
gl
ob
al
c
li
mate
change
an
d
is
perha
ps
the
sin
gle
bi
gg
e
st
cau
se
of
a
rcti
c
warmi
ng
[
10].
2.3.
Fuel
pric
e
(L
/
$)
Diesel
an
d
G
PL
gen
e
rato
rs
are
ge
ner
al
ly
more
dura
ble
an
d
c
heap
e
r
to
op
e
rate,
t
hey
pr
ov
i
de
el
ect
rical
powe
r
form
on
dem
and.
Thei
r
i
nclusion
in
a
hybri
d
syst
em
not
on
l
y
pro
vid
es
con
ti
nuit
y
of
s
uppl
y
but
al
so
ca
n
be
use
d
to
a
vo
i
d
ov
e
r
-
siz
ing
the
re
ne
wab
le
co
mpon
e
nts.
Ta
bl
e
2
d
e
note
s
t
he
di
ff
e
ren
t
f
uel
pri
ce
(L
/
$)
as
diesel
and
li
qu
i
d
petr
oleum
ga
s
(
LP
G)
in
Alge
ria
[7
,
11]
.
Table
2
.
P
et
r
ol
pri
ce
(
L/
$
)
26
-
J
un
e
-
2017
Co
u
n
tries
d
iesel
Price
(
$
/L
)
LPG
P
rice
(
$
/L
)
Alg
eria
USA
Ru
ss
ia
Au
stralia
Ger
m
an
y
0
.18
0
.65
0
.65
0
.95
1
.19
0
.08
--
-
-
0
.28
0
.61
0
.58
3.
HYBRID
S
YST
EM
C
ONF
I
GURATI
ON
Hybr
i
d
sy
ste
m
is
an
i
nteg
rated
s
ys
te
m
that
us
e
s
dif
fer
e
nt
re
new
a
ble
en
ergy
sourc
es
s
uch
as
s
ola
r
,
gen
e
rato
r;
hybri
d
s
ys
te
m
c
onfi
gurati
on
is
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
gure
1.
T
his
c
onfig
ur
at
io
n
is
us
e
d
to
desi
gn
an
auto
nomous
hybri
d
ph
otovo
l
ta
ic
energy
sys
te
m
,
the
co
nve
rter
a
nd
the
di
esel
LPG
ge
ne
rator
are
sel
ect
ed
on
the
basis
of
m
aximum
loa
d
dema
nd.
T
he
op
ti
m
um
c
onfi
gurati
on
of
the
sy
ste
m
is
determine
d
us
in
g
annual
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
203
8
–
204
5
2040
resou
rce
data.
In
this
res
ourc
e,
the
ti
me
pe
ri
od
with
so
la
r
r
adiat
ion
with
a
sta
nd
by
gen
e
r
at
or
is
i
nclu
de
d
in
t
he
sy
ste
m
c
onfig
urat
ion
to
acco
mmodate
these
real
sit
uations.
This
bac
kup
ge
ner
at
or
pro
vid
es
po
wer
to
the
loa
d
in
an
e
mer
ge
nc
y
w
hen
the
r
en
ewab
le
ene
r
gy
and
the
e
nerg
y
sto
red
in
the
ba
tt
ery
a
re
i
nsuf
fici
ent
to
c
op
e
with
the
loa
d
dema
nd
[12].
Figure
1.
H
ybr
id
s
ys
te
m
4.
DESCRIPTI
ON
OF
THE
TINDOUF
S
Y
STE
M
4.1.
Site
loc
at
i
on
The
sit
e
we
ha
ve
ch
os
e
n
belo
ng
s
to
the
sout
h
we
ste
rn
of
A
lgeria
zo
ne
(Ti
ndouf
)
locat
e
d
at
439
m
of
la
ti
tud
e
an
d
w
ho
s
e
geog
raphi
cal
co
ordinates
are:
la
ti
tud
e:
27
°
40
'
6
"
N,
lo
ng
it
ude:
a
nd
l
ongitu
de
8°
09
'
8
"
E.
The
l
ocati
on
of
this
vill
age
is
i
ll
us
trat
ed
by
a
red
ci
rcle
in
Fi
gure
2
[9
,
13].
Figure
2.
G
oogl
e
-
map
posit
io
n
of
Tin
douf
4.2.
Data
I
NPU
T
4.2.1.
El
ectric
al
load
The
loa
d
pro
file
is
base
d
on
a
rural
area
with
230
famil
ie
s.
T
able
3
sho
ws
t
he
loa
d
prof
il
e
of
s
el
ect
ed
hous
es
.
T
he
si
mu
la
ti
on
proce
ss
of
t
he
c
ho
se
n
hybri
d
s
ys
te
m
wa
s
a
nalyze
d
to
see
if
the
us
e
of
the
fee
d
sy
ste
m
will
be
possi
ble
or
not.
It
is
i
mporta
nt
to
note
that
these
house
s
prese
nte
d
in
t
he
exa
m
pl
e
study
are
is
olate
d
and
not
c
onne
ct
ed
to
t
he
gr
i
d,
t
he
a
dd
it
io
na
l
ob
je
ct
ive
w
as
to
see
the
e
ff
ect
of
us
i
ng
the
hy
br
i
d
s
ys
te
m
to
su
ppl
y
the
m
with
el
ect
rical
energ
y.
The
daily
l
oa
d
of
this
vill
age
is
709
KWh
pe
r
day,
the
daily
loa
d
of
a
ho
us
e
ho
l
d
is
3.0
27
KWh
pe
r
day,
an
d
the
refor
e
the
s
ys
te
m
load
bu
il
t
by
H
OMER
simulat
es
the
powe
r
s
upply
for
a
s
um
of
hous
e
s
th
at
can
reach
230
house
ho
l
ds
[14
,
15
,
17]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Op
ti
m
al c
on
fi
gura
ti
on o
f
hy
bri
d
PV
-
ge
ner
ator (
diesel
/GPL
)
for a
dece
ntral
ize
d
… (A
m
ara M
ohame
d)
2041
Table
3.
T
he
lo
ad
c
onsume
d
by
a
house
hold
.
Po
wer(
W
)
Tim
e
(h
/d
)
Co
n
su
m
p
tio
n
(Wh/d)
Ad
u
lt
roo
m
11
4
44
Ch
ild
ren's
roo
m
22
5
110
liv
in
g
roo
m
22
6
132
co
rr
id
o
r
22
2
44
b
ath
roo
m
22
2
44
to
ilet
11
1
11
k
itch
en
roo
m
11
7
77
Refrigerator
120
12
1440
Televis
io
n
75
7
525
fan
100
4
400
v
ariou
s
100
2
200
Total
(Wh
/d
)
3027
4.2.2.
PV
p
an
el
The
PV
pa
nels
us
e
d
he
re
c
os
t
1500
$/kW.
M
ost
of
the
PV
pa
nels
c
om
e
with
a
li
feti
m
e
of
20
year
s
,
al
tho
ug
h
the
y
mo
st
li
kel
y
la
st
longer
.
F
or
ene
rgy
st
or
a
ge
,
H
oppec
ke
100Pzs1
00
0
ba
tt
eries
with
no
minal
capaci
ty
of
10
00h
we
re
us
ed
in
the
a
nal
ys
is
[18
,
19]
.
4.2.3.
Diesel
ge
nera
t
ors
Diesel
ge
ne
rator
is
us
ed
in
the
st
udy
as
ba
se
loa
d
se
r
ver
.
In
this
w
ork
,
diesel
ge
ner
at
or
La
pel
is
consi
der
e
d
[20
,
21]
.
T
he
init
i
al
capit
al
is
1400
$,
rep
la
ce
ment
c
os
t
12
50$
an
d
O&M
cost
is
0.3
0
$/
hr.
T
he
gen
e
rato
r
op
e
r
at
ing
li
feti
me
is
def
i
ned
ar
ound
1100
0
hours
an
d
the
mini
mu
m
l
oa
d
rati
o
is
30%
.
Th
e
diesel
gen
e
rato
r
siz
e
is
co
ns
ide
re
d
f
r
om
0
kW
to
40
kW
on
5
kW
i
nter
vals.
4.2.4.
LPG
ge
nera
t
or
s
In
t
his
w
ork
we
us
e
t
he
LP
G
ge
ner
at
or
with
an
init
ia
l
cap
it
al
of
$
1,2
00,
the
re
placeme
nt
cost
of
$
1,050
a
nd
the
cost
of
O
&
M
of
$
0.20
/
hr
.
The
ge
ner
at
or
ope
rati
ng
li
fe
ti
me
is
def
i
ned
arou
nd
13
000
hour
s
and
the
minim
um
l
oa
d
rati
o
is
30%.
The
L
PG
ge
ner
at
or
s
iz
e
is
co
ns
ide
r
ed
from
0
kW
to
40
kW
on
5
kW
intervals
[
21
,
22]
.
4.2.5.
Conv
er
ter
To
gen
e
rate
suffici
ent
power,
conve
rters
a
re
necessa
ry
;
the
pr
ic
e
of
t
he
c
onve
rters
is
gi
ven
by
the
HOMER
s
of
t
war
e
.
The
c
onver
si
on
e
ff
ic
ie
ncy
of
bo
t
h
in
ver
te
r
a
nd
rect
ifie
r
a
re
sup
posed
to
be
90%
an
d
the
li
feti
me
of
co
nv
e
rter
to
be
15
years.
T
he
siz
ing
of
c
onve
rter
is
co
ns
id
ered
from
0
kW
to
70
kW
at
5kW
interval,
w
hile
the
relat
ive
c
onve
rsion
rati
o
of
AC
a
nd
DC
is
100%
[23
,
24]
.
5.
SY
STE
M
ANALYS
IS
A
ND
SIMUL
ATIO
NS
The
H
ybrid
opti
miza
ti
on
is
use
d
f
or
de
sig
nin
g
sta
nd
al
on
e
el
ect
ric
powe
r
sy
ste
ms
that
e
mp
lo
y
s
om
e
com
bin
at
io
n
of
photov
oltai
c
pa
nels,
ge
ne
r
at
or
s
(
diesel
a
nd
LP
G
)
to
pro
duce
el
ect
ri
ci
ty
Fig
ure
3.
The
simulat
ion
pr
oc
ess
of
dif
fer
e
nt
siz
es
of
phot
ovoltai
c
pa
nels,
wind
tu
r
bine
s,
power
c
onver
te
r
s,
a
nd
ba
tt
eries
wer
e
us
e
d
an
d
the
mo
st
eco
nomica
l
syst
em
wa
s
sel
ect
e
d
a
fter
run
ning
the
sim
ulati
on
s
se
ver
al
ti
mes.
T
he
search
s
pace
f
or
the
opti
miza
ti
on
process
is
sho
wn
in
Ta
ble
4.
The
re
w
ere
8
siz
es
f
or
PV
pa
nels,
8
s
iz
es
f
or
wind
tu
rb
i
nes,
9
siz
es
f
or
di
esel
ge
ner
at
ors
,
8
siz
es
for
ba
tt
eries,
an
d
8
siz
es
for
powe
r
co
nverte
rs.
Z
ero
is
include
d
in
t
he
searc
h
s
pace
of
eac
h
c
ompon
ent
f
or
m
or
e
opti
mal
res
ults
[
25
,
26].
Figure
3.
Co
nf
i
gurati
on
of
hy
br
i
d
P
V/ge
ner
a
tor
s
ys
te
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
203
8
–
204
5
2042
5.1.
Co
m
ponen
ts
det
ails
The
ene
r
gy
s
yst
em
c
ompone
nts
a
re
ph
otov
oltai
c
m
odules
,
ge
ner
at
or,
ba
tt
ery
,
an
d
pow
er
c
onve
rter.
This
stu
dy
de
ve
lop
s
a
s
uitabl
e
assembl
y
of
the
ke
y
par
am
et
ers
su
c
h
as
phot
ovoltai
c
arra
y
po
wer,
ge
ne
rator
powe
r
c
urve,
ba
tt
ery
st
or
a
ge
and
c
onver
te
r
capaci
ty
to
ma
tc
h
the
pre
def
i
ned
loa
d.
F
or
e
conomic
anal
ysi
s,
the
cost
incl
ud
i
ng
the
i
niti
al
capit
al
,
re
placem
ent
c
os
t,
a
nd
op
e
rati
ng
a
nd
mainte
na
nce
c
os
t
are
c
on
si
de
red
in
simulat
ing
co
ndit
ion
s
.
All
the
pa
rameters
are
show
n
in
Ta
bl
e
4
[
25
-
27
].
Table
4.
C
omp
on
e
nts
detai
ls.
Para
m
eters
v
alu
e
Un
it
PV
m
o
d
u
le
Rated
capacity
Cap
ital
co
st
Rep
lacem
en
t
co
st
Op
eration
an
d
m
ai
n
ten
an
ce
co
st
Lif
eti
m
e
y
ea
r
1
1500
1200
15
20
KW
$
$
$
/y
ear
y
ear
Batteries
Cap
ital
co
st
Rep
lacem
en
t
co
st
Op
eration
an
d
m
ai
n
ten
an
ce
co
st
Minimum
b
attery
l
ife
No
m
in
al
capacity
900
900
9
8
1000
$
$
$
/y
Year
h
Co
n
v
erter
Cap
ital
co
st
Rep
lacem
en
t
co
st
Op
eration
an
d
m
ai
n
ten
an
ce
co
st
Lif
eti
m
e
y
ea
r
Cap
acity
relative
to
in
v
erter
1000
1000
10
15
100
$
$
$
/y
ear
Year
%
Diesel
g
en
erator
Cap
ital
co
st
Rep
lacem
en
t
co
st
Op
eration
an
d
m
ai
n
ten
an
ce
co
st
Lif
e
ti
m
e
y
ear
1400
1250
0
.3
1
1
0
0
0
$
$
$
/h
H
LPG
g
en
era
to
r
Cap
ital
co
st
Rep
lacem
en
t
co
st
Op
eration
an
d
m
ai
n
ten
an
ce
co
st
Lif
e
ti
m
e
y
ear
1200
1050
0
.2
1300
$
$
$
/h
h
5.2.
Simul
at
i
on
The
te
ch
no
-
ec
onom
ic
stu
dy
is
car
ried
out
on
the
H
OME
R
softwa
re;
it
al
lows
us
to
c
ompare
the
fina
ncial
an
d
te
chn
ic
al
co
nst
raints
on
t
he
us
e
of
di
ff
e
r
ent
co
nfeg
ur
at
ion
s
ys
te
ms
.
The
s
of
t
war
e
offer
com
par
is
on
wi
th
the
c
os
t
pe
r
kilow
at
t
of
ce
nt
ral
gr
i
d
or
util
it
y
supp
l
y
[28
,
29].
For
this,
t
he
init
ia
l
inf
ormat
ion
includi
ng
e
nergy
res
ources
,
eco
nomica
l
and
te
ch
nical
co
ns
trai
nts
,
energ
y
sto
ra
ge
an
d
s
ys
te
m
co
ntr
ol
strat
egies
are
require
d.
To
op
ti
mize
the
sy
ste
m,
c
ompone
nt
typ
e
,
capit
al
rep
la
ce
ment,
op
e
rati
on
an
d
mainte
na
nce
c
os
ts
data
m
ust
be
a
vaila
ble.
P
our
la
pro
duct
ion
et
la
di
stribu
ti
on
d'é
nergie
des
s
yst
èmes
auto
nomes.
Il
vous
pe
rmet
d’env
isa
ger
un
gran
d
nom
br
e
d’o
ptio
ns
te
ch
nolo
giques
pour
pr
e
ndre
en
co
mp
te
la
dispo
nib
il
it
é
de
s
ress
ources
é
nergéti
ques
et
d’
a
utres
va
riab
le
s.
6.
RESU
LT
AS
AND
DISC
USSION
6.1.
Opt
im
al
syste
m
The
stu
dy
cl
e
arly
s
hows
t
ha
t
the
dif
fer
e
nt
config
ur
at
io
ns
of
the
sy
st
ems
an
d
e
qu
i
pm
e
nt
we
re
analyze
d
by
H
OMER
softwa
re.
T
he
co
nf
i
gurati
ons
ob
ta
in
ed
are
sel
ect
ed
accor
ding
to
t
heir
fea
sibil
it
y,
the
cost
of
instal
la
ti
on
.
T
he
pro
fita
bili
ty
of
the
operati
on
is
e
va
luate
d
on
t
he
li
fe
of
the
proje
ct
,
est
imat
ed
a
pr
i
or
i
to
25
yea
rs.
Th
e
simulat
io
n
re
su
lt
s
are
sho
w
n
in
Ta
ble
5
(a
,
b).
T
he
res
ults
obta
ined
f
or
t
wo
Co
nf
i
gurati
on
s:
Table
5
(
a
)
.
O
pt
imum
s
olu
ti
on
f
or
hybri
d
PV
+Diesel
Co
n
figu
ration
2
PV
(KW)
Diesel
(KW)
Battery
H1
0
0
0
Co
n
v
ert
(KW)
Initial
Cap
ital$
O$
M
($/y
r)
Total
NPC
$
COE
($/KW
h
)
Sy
stem
1
190
35
384
60
7
4
3
.100
6
0
.25
7
1
.51
3
.393
0
.45
8
Sy
stem
2
240
35
384
70
8
2
8
.100
5
5
.10
6
1
.43
2
.545
0
.46
3
Sy
stem
3
260
35
384
60
8
4
8
.200
5
4
.44
3
1
.54
4
.062
0
.46
7
Sy
stem
4
240
35
480
60
9
0
4
.500
5
1
.07
2
1
.55
7
.372
0
.47
1
Sy
stem
5
00
40
384
30
4
3
5
.600
1
6
5
.927
2
.55
6
.709
0
.77
3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Op
ti
m
al c
on
fi
gura
ti
on o
f
hy
bri
d
PV
-
ge
ner
ator (
diesel
/GPL
)
for a
dece
ntral
ize
d
… (A
m
ara M
ohame
d)
2043
Table
5
(
b
)
.
O
ptimum
s
olu
ti
on
for
hybri
d
PV
+
GP
L
Co
n
figu
ration
1
PV
(KW)
GPL
(KW)
Battery
H1
0
0
0
Co
n
v
ert
(KW)
Initial
Cap
ital$
O$
M
($/y
r)
Total
NPC
$
COE
($/KW
h
)
Sy
stem
1
120
25
288
50
5
1
9
.200
5
0
.78
9
1
.16
8
.417
0
.35
3
Sy
stem
2
150
25
288
60
5
7
4
.200
4
9
.03
4
1
.20
1
.022
0
.36
3
Sy
stem
3
190
25
192
60
5
4
7
.800
5
1
.85
6
1
.21
0
.687
0
.36
6
Sy
stem
4
90
35
192
60
4
0
9
.800
6
4
.39
1
1
.23
2
.933
0
.37
3
Sy
stem
5
00
40
192
30
4
2
0
.850
9
2
.24
0
1
.67
1
.159
0
.47
8
Config
ur
at
io
n
-
1
-
:
The
high
est
ene
rgy
cost
(
0.458
$
/
kWh
)
with
t
he
high
est
NP
C
(
1.5
13.
393$)
wa
s
ob
s
er
ved
with
the
s
olar
-
dies
el
ge
ner
at
or
hybr
i
d
s
ys
te
m
.
A
nd
ma
xim
um
CO2
(
33.
008
kg
/
yea
r)
is
pro
duced
in
this
sy
ste
m.
Config
ur
at
io
n
-
2
-
:
we
f
ound
that
the
lo
we
st
cost
of
e
nergy
(
0.3
53
$
/
kWh
)
with
the
lowest
NP
C
(1.16
8.417
$)
was
obse
rv
e
d
with
t
he
hy
br
id
s
ys
te
m
so
la
r
-
LPG
gen
e
rato
r
,
a
nd
minim
um
CO
2
(
8.3
06
kg
/
yea
r)
is
pro
du
ce
d
in
this
sy
ste
m.
The
opti
mize
d
PV
-
GP
L
ge
ne
rator
hybr
i
d
syst
em
is
more
c
os
t
e
ff
ect
ive
in
te
rms
of
Net
Pr
ese
nt
Co
st
(
CNP)
and
E
nergy
Co
st
(COE
).
6.2.
El
ectric
powe
r
gener
ati
on
Energ
y
pro
du
c
ti
on
in
a
yea
r
is
detai
le
d
in
T
able
6.
The
producti
on
s
ys
te
ms
in
volvin
g
the
fo
ll
owin
g
fr
act
io
ns
desc
r
ibed
in
the
ta
bl
e
and
w
hich
s
how
a
sig
nific
ant
pa
rtic
ipati
on
of
t
he
photovo
lt
ai
c
s
ource
wh
ic
h
reaches
68%
f
or
co
nf
i
gurati
on
1,
a
nd
61%
f
or
co
nf
i
gurati
on
2.
Table
6
.
A
nnua
l
energ
y
produced.
Co
n
figu
ration
Co
n
figu
ration
1.
Co
n
figu
ration
2.
Prod
u
ctio
n
k
W
h
/
y
ear
%
k
W
h
/y
ear
%
k
W
h
/y
ear
%
Ph
o
to
v
o
ltaic
2
3
6
.127
68
2
0
5
.975
61
Gen
erator
1
0
7
.113
32
1
3
0
.058
39
Excess
elect
ricity
6
7
.14
6
18
5
3
.72
2
16
Un
m
et
el
ectric
lo
a
d
2
4
.4
00
3
1
.7
00
6.3.
Enviro
nmen
t
al
analy
sis
The
a
nnual
poll
utant
emissi
ons
of
a
bove
t
wo
stud
ie
d
s
ys
te
ms
are
s
hown
in
fi
gure
4.
It
is
possible
to
sign
ific
a
ntly
r
edu
ce
emissi
ons
of
poll
utan
ts
by
t
he
inte
gr
at
io
n
of
a
gen
e
rato
r
r
unning
on
buta
ne
ga
s.
Accor
ding
to
the
r
esults,
t
he
emissi
ons
of
poll
utants
ca
n
be
re
du
ce
d
by
a
ppr
ox
imat
el
y
60%
c
ompare
d
to
the
us
e
of
a
diesel
ge
ne
rator
in
t
he
hybri
d
s
ys
te
m,
e
sp
eci
al
ly
emissi
ons
of
CO2
an
d
CO
r
esp
on
si
ble
for
the
ai
r
po
ll
uta
nt
a
nd
e
nv
i
ronme
nt.
Figure
4.
Emis
sion
of
ai
r
poll
utants
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
203
8
–
204
5
2044
7.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
a
rtic
le
is
a
sim
ulati
on
study
of
the
PV
-
Diesel
a
nd
the
PV
-
G
PL
hy
br
i
d
power
sy
ste
m
op
ti
miza
ti
on
with
a
te
ch
nical
-
eco
nomic
c
ompa
rison
a
naly
sis.
Its
main
ob
je
ct
ive
is
to
de
te
rmin
e
the
opti
mu
m
siz
e
of
t
he
best
hy
br
i
d
powe
r
sy
ste
m
able
to
fu
lfil
l
t
he
requ
irements
of
a
230
hous
e
holds
’
re
mo
te
area
in
the
Tindo
uf
reg
i
on
in
the
s
outh
of
Al
ger
ia
.
Sim
ulati
on
res
ults
sh
owe
d
that
a
PV
/G
PL
-
ge
nerat
or
hybri
d
s
yst
em
is
more
a
dv
a
ntag
eous
w
he
n
c
ompa
red
to
t
he
PV
/diese
l
-
ge
ne
rator
hy
br
i
d
s
yst
em
as
it
ha
s
l
ow
e
r
operati
ng
costs
and
poll
utio
n
gases
.
Re
s
ults
ind
ic
at
e
t
he
lowest
c
os
t
of
e
ne
rgy
(0.
353
$
/
kW
h)
with
the
lo
we
st
NP
C
(1.16
8.417
$)
was
obse
rv
e
d
with
t
he
so
la
r
-
LP
G
ge
ne
rato
r
s
ys
te
m
.
The
highest
e
ne
rgy
co
st
(0.48
5
$
/
kWh
)
with
the
hi
gh
e
s
t
NP
C
(1.51
3.3
93$)
was
ob
se
r
ved
with
the
s
ol
ar
-
diesel
ge
ne
rator
s
ys
te
m
.
T
her
e
is
an
i
ncr
e
ase
in
the
CO
2
pro
du
ct
io
n
rate
of
(33.0
08
kg
/
ye
ar)
with
the
s
ol
ar
-
diesel
gen
e
rator
sy
ste
m
,
a
nd
a
minim
um
CO2
pro
du
ct
io
n
of
(8.30
6
kg
/
yea
r
)
with
the
s
ol
ar
-
L
PG
gen
e
ra
tor
s
ys
te
m.
W
it
h
re
ga
rd
to
CO2
producti
on
a
nd
fu
t
ur
e
loa
d
de
man
d,
the
opti
mize
d
PV
-
LP
G
ge
ner
at
or
hybri
d
s
ys
te
m
is
m
or
e
co
st
ef
fecti
ve
in
te
r
m
s
of
Net
Pr
ese
nt
Co
st
(
CNP)
an
d
En
e
rgy
C
os
t
(CO
E).
Ba
sed
on
a
nalysis
an
d
e
nvir
onmental
fr
i
end
li
ne
ss
c
omparis
on
resu
lt
s,
it
has
been
f
ound
th
at
the
PV
-
G
P
L
hybri
d
s
ys
te
m
w
ou
l
d
be
a
feasible
s
olu
ti
on
for
distrib
ut
ion
of
el
ect
ric
powe
r
to
re
mo
te
l
ocati
on
s
an
d
vill
ag
es
are
far
awa
y
from
the
main
gri
d.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Minisry
of
en
erg
y
Mines,
“Sonalgaz
group
co
mp
any,
”
R
ene
wabl
e
Ene
rgy
and
Ener
gy
Efcie
n
cy
Pro
gram
,
2011.
[2]
Minisry
of
Ene
r
gy.
Mining
,
“
Ne
w
and
R
ene
wab
l
e
En
erg
i
es
of
Al
ger
ia
,
”
Guide
li
n
es
to
ren
ewa
bl
e
ene
rgi
es
Ed
it
ion
,
2007.
[3]
U.
Nati
on
,
E
C.
Afric
a,
O
N.
Afric
a,
“T
h
e
R
ene
wabl
e
En
erg
y
Sect
or
in
North
Afric
a
Curre
nt
Situation
and
Pros
pec
t
,
”
ACA
–
NA,
2012.
[4]
N.
Madjoudj,
M.
Dahm
ane,
“Al
li
an
ce
of
ren
ew
abl
e
ene
rgy
res
ourc
es
for
sus
tainable
buil
d
ing
-
Alger
i
an
c
ase
,”
Re
vu
e
d
es
En
ergie
s
R
enouvel
abl
e
s
,
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o
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2017
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[5]
Boudghene
.
St
a
mboul
i
A,
Khia
t
.
Z,
Fl
az
i
.
S,
Ki
ta
mur
a.
Y,
“
A
r
evi
ew
on
the
r
e
newa
ble
ene
rgy
dev
el
opm
ent
in
Alger
ia
Curre
nt
per
spec
ti
ve
,
en
erg
y
sce
n
ari
o
a
nd
sus
ta
ina
bi
li
ty
,
”
Re
n
ewabl
e
a
nd
Sustainabl
e
Ene
rgy
Re
v
ie
ws
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2012.
[6]
Y.
Himri,
Arif
S.
Mal
ik,
A.
Boud
ghene
St
am
boul
i
,
S.
Hi
mri
,
B.
Draoui
,
“
Rev
ie
w
a
nd
use
of
th
e
Al
ger
ia
n
ren
ew
able
ene
rgy
fo
r
sus
ta
i
nabl
e
dev
el
opm
e
nt
,
”
R
ene
wabl
e
and
Sustainable
Ene
rgy
Revie
ws
,
vol.
13,
2009.
[7]
ww
w.Globa
l
Pe
trol
Pri
ce
s.
com
,
“
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ono
mi
c
indic
at
ors
for
over
20
0
count
r
ie
s”
.
[8]
Cent
r
e
de
la
t
e
chnol
ogi
e
de
l'énergi
e
de
CAN
MET,
“Re
ss
ourc
es
na
ture
l
le
s
C
ana
da
RET
Scr
e
en
Int
ern
ational.
Modèle
R
ET
Scr
ee
n
pour
proj
et
s
de
pe
ti
t
e
ce
ntr
ale
hydroé
lectr
iqu
e
,
”
Can
ada,
200
4,
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Paul.
W
Stac
kh
ouse,
Jr.
Wi
l
li
a
m,
S.
Ch
andl
er
,
Taiping
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Zha
ng
,
“Surfa
c
e
me
t
e
orology
a
nd
Sol
ar
Ene
rgy
(SS
E)
Rel
e
ase
6
.
0
Me
t
hodology,
”
NAS
A
Langle
y
Re
sea
rch
Center
,
2016
.
[10]
AEGP
L
As
socia
ti
on
Europé
enn
e
,
“B
eyond
the
Gas
Grid
an
LPG
Industry
Roadmap
,
”
2011.
[11]
Bruno.
Calan,
T
hie
rry
Gen
thi
a
lo
n,
“M
L
Jain
,
LP
Gas
Marke
ts
-
Guidel
in
es
for
LP
Gas
Use
in
Rural
En
erg
isa
ti
on
,”
World
LP
Gas
A
ss
oci
ati
on
,
2002.
[12]
Vince
nt
.
Anayo
chukwu
Ani,
“
Design
of
a
Re
l
ia
bl
e
Hybrid
(PV
/Die
sel)
Pow
e
r
Sys
te
m
with
Ene
rgy
Storag
e
in
Bat
teries
for
Re
mot
e
Reside
n
ti
a
l
Home,”
Journal
of
Ene
rgy
Hind
awi
,
vo
l.
16,
201
6.
[13]
Google
m
ap
of
Alger
ia,
“Sat
e
ll
i
t
e
Im
age
s
of
Alg
eri
a
,
”
2016,
ma
p
la
ndi
a.
co
m.
[14]
Siti
.
Am
el
y
Ju
ma
a
t,
Ong.
Wei
Li
ang
,
Mohd
No
or.
Abdull
ah,
“
Modeli
ng
of
18
5W
of
mono
-
cry
stal
li
n
e
sol
ar
p
a
nel
using
MA
TL
AB/simul
ink
,
”
Int
ernati
onal
Journal
of
Powe
r
Elec
tronic
s
and
Dr
iv
e
Syste
m
(IJ
PE
D
S)
,
Vol
.
10
,
No
.
3,
pp
.
185
–
192
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Sep
2019
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[15]
D.
sah
eb
kouss
a
,
M.
b
el
h
am
e
l,
k.
b
enf
erh
at,
“C
ontri
buti
on
a
l’etude
the
or
ique
du
Compor
te
m
e
nt
d’un
sys
te
m
e
hybride
(
eol
i
en
-
photovoltaï
qu
e
-
die
se
l)
de
pro
duct
ion
d’e
l
ectri
ci
t
e
sans
int
err
u
pti
on
,
”
Af
rique
scie
nc
e
,
vol
.
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pp.
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-
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,
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[16]
S.
Bahr
am
ar
a,
M.
Parsa
Moghadda
mn
,
M.
R
Haghif
am,
“Opt
i
ma
l
p
la
nning
of
hybrid
ren
ew
ab
le
en
erg
y
sys
tems
using
HO
MER
A
rev
ie
w
,
”
Re
n
e
wable
and
Susta
inabl
e
Ene
rgy
R
ev
i
ews
,
vo
l.
62
,
p
p.
609
–
620
,
20
16,
[17]
Mohama
d.
Izd
in
Hlal
,
Vigna
K.
Ram
a
cha
nd
aramurt
hya
,
Sanj
eevikuma
r
.
Padm
a
naba
n,
“NSG
A
-
II
and
MOPSO
base
d
optimizat
i
on
for
sizi
ng
of
hybrid
PV
/wind/battery
en
erg
y
s
tora
ge
sys
t
em
,
”
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
Pow
er
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Dr
iv
e
Syst
em
(I
J
PE
DS)
,
Vol
.
10,
No.
1,
pp.
463
–
478,
2019
.
[18]
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.
I
za
dy
ar,
Hw
ai
.
Chyuan
.
Ong,
Wen
Tong
.
Chong,
Juw
el
Chandra
Mojum
der
,
K
Y
L
eong,
“In
vesti
g
at
ion
of
pote
ntial
hybrid
ren
ewa
bl
e
energ
y
at
v
ari
ous
rura
l
areas
in
Ma
la
y
sia
,
”
Journal
of
Cle
aner
Production
,
vol
13,
pp
.
61
-
73
,
2016
.
[19]
W.
Marg
are
t
Amutha,
H.
Ca
leb
Andrew,
A.
Debie
Shaj
ie,
“
Rene
wabl
e
power
interfa
ce
b
ase
d
rura
l
telec
o
m
,
”
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
Powe
r
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Dr
iv
e
Syst
em
(I
J
PE
DS),
Vol
.
10,
No.
2,
pp.
917
-
9
27,
June
2019.
[20]
Akbar.
Mal
eki,
“Mode
li
ng
an
d
opti
mu
m
desi
gn
of
an
off
-
gr
id
PV
/W
T/
FC
/d
ie
sel
hybr
id
sys
te
m
conside
ri
ng
diffe
ren
t
fu
el
p
ri
ce
s,”
Int
ern
a
ti
on
al
Journa
l
of
Lo
w
-
Carbon
Techn
ologi
es,
vol
.
13,
p.
140
–
147,
2018
.
[21]
Olubayo.
Mos
es.
B
aba
tund
e,
Ih
e
ana
cho
.
Henry.
Denwigwe,
“Te
chno
-
ec
ono
mi
c
assess
me
nt
of
p
hotovol
taic
di
ese
l
gene
ra
tor
-
ba
tt
er
y
ene
rgy
sys
te
m
for
base
tra
ns
ceive
r
st
at
ions
loads
in
Niger
ia
,
”
Cogent
Eng
inee
ring
,
vol
.
6,
pp.
1
-
19,
2019
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Op
ti
m
al c
on
fi
gura
ti
on o
f
hy
bri
d
PV
-
ge
ner
ator (
diesel
/GPL
)
for a
dece
ntral
ize
d
… (A
m
ara M
ohame
d)
2045
[22]
Shiplu
Sark
er,
“
Feasibi
lity
analy
sis
of
a
ren
ewa
ble
hybrid
en
er
gy
sys
te
m
wi
th
produc
er
gas
ge
ner
at
or
fu
lfi
l
li
ng
rem
ot
e
househol
d
elec
tr
icity
d
emand
,
”
R
ene
wabl
e
Ene
rgy
,
vo
l.
87
,
pp.
772
–
781
,
2
016.
[23]
Mohamm
ad
.
Us
ma
n,
Mohd
Ta
u
see
f.
Khan,
Ank
ur.
Singh
Ran
a,
“Sar
war
Al
iT
e
c
hno
-
ec
onom
ic
a
nal
ysis
of
hybri
d
solar
-
die
se
l
-
grid
conn
ec
t
ed
pow
er
g
ene
r
at
ion
sy
stem
,
”
Journal
of
E
lectric
a
l
S
yste
ms
and
Information
Te
chnol
og
y
,
vol.
1.
n°.
5
,
pp.
653
–
662,
2018
.
[24]
Sayedus.
Sal
ehin,
M
T
anvi
ru
l.
Ferda
ous,
Ridh
wan.
M
Chowd
hury,
Suma
ia.
S
hahi
d
Shith
i,
M
S
R.
Bhuiy
an
R
ofi,
Mahir
As
if.
Mohammed,
“Ass
essment
of
ren
ewa
ble
ene
rgy
sys
tems
com
b
ini
ng
techno
-
ec
ono
mi
c
opti
mization
wi
t
h
ene
rgy
sc
ena
r
io
ana
lysis
,
”
Ene
rg
y
,
vo
l.
112,
pp
.
7
29
–
741
,
2016
.
2
0
[25]
T
La
mb
ert,
P
G
il
ma
n
,
P
Li
l
ie
nt
hal
,
“T
he
Mi
cro
power
Sys
te
m
Modeli
ng
with
HO
MER,
”
HO
MER
Ene
rgy
,
U
SA
,
2011.
[26]
Shiplu.
Sark
er,
“Fea
sibil
it
y
an
alys
is
of
a
ren
ewa
ble
hybrid
en
er
gy
sys
te
m
with
produc
er
gas
g
e
ner
at
or
fulf
il
l
ing
rem
ot
e
househol
d
elec
tr
icity
d
emand
,
”
R
ene
wabl
e
Ene
rgy
,
vo
l.
78,
pp.
772
–
781,
2
016.
[27]
Ayong;
Hiendr
o
,
Ismail.
Yus
uf,
F.
Tri
as
Pont
ia
Wi
gyar
ia
nto
,
“O
pti
mum
Rene
wa
ble
Frac
ti
on
for
Grid
-
conne
c
te
d
Photovolt
aic
in
Offic
e
Bu
il
ding
Ene
rgy
Sys
te
m
s
in
Indone
si
a,”
Inte
rnat
ional
J
ournal
of
Power
El
e
ct
ronics
an
d
Dr
iv
e
Syst
em
(I
J
PE
DS)
,
Vol
.
9,
No.
4,
pp.
1866
–
1874,
Dec
e
mb
er
2018.
[28]
Hos
sein.
Shahin
za
deh
,
Gevork
B.
Ghare
hp
et
i
an
,
S.
Ha
mi
d
Fa
t
hi,
“Opti
m
al
Pl
anni
ng
of
an
O
ff
-
grid
E
le
c
tricity
Gene
ration
wi
th
Rene
wab
le
En
erg
y
Resour
ce
s
using
th
e
HO
MER
Software
,
”
Int
ernati
onal
Journal
of
Pow
er
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Dr
iv
e
Syst
em
(I
J
PE
DS)
,
Vol
.
6,
No.
1,
pp.
137
–
147,
Mar
ch
201
5.
[29]
Sujit
Kuma
r.
B
huyan,
Prak
ash.
Kumar
Hot
a,
Bhaga
ba
t.
Pand
a,
“Power
Qual
i
ty
Analysis
of
a
Grid
-
Conne
cted
Solar/
Wi
nd
/Hydroge
n
Ene
rgy
Hybrid
Gene
r
at
io
n
Sys
te
m
,
”
I
nte
r
nati
onal
Journal
of
Powe
r
E
lect
ronics
and
Dr
ive
Syste
m
(I
JP
EDS
)
,
Vol
.
9,
No.
1,
pp.
107
–
181,
Marc
h
2018
.
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Amar
a
Moha
med
was
born
in
S
ai
da
,
Alger
ia.
He
re
ce
iv
ed
h
is
BS
in
elec
tri
c
al
e
ngine
er
ing
from
the
el
e
ct
r
ic
a
l
En
gine
er
ing
Insti
tu
te
of
Th
e
Univ
e
rsity
of
Sid
i
-
Bel
-
Abbes
Alger
i
a
in
1990,
Th
e
MS
degr
e
e
from
th
e
Elec
tri
c
al
E
ngine
er
ing
Institute
of
Th
e
Univ
ersit
y
Scie
n
ce
a
nd
T
ec
hno
logy
of
Oran
US
TO
in
2003.
He
is
cur
ren
tl
y
profe
ss
or
of
the
Univer
sit
y
of
Sci
enc
es
an
d
Technol
ogy,
Saida
.
Alger
ia,
His
rese
ar
ch
in
terests
are
in
En
er
gy
and
Pow
er
Sys
te
m
Pl
anni
ng.
Zeblah
A
belka
der
was
bo
rn
in
Sidi
-
bel
-
A
bbes,
Alge
ria.
He
receive
d
his
BS
in
el
ect
rical
eng
i
neer
i
ng
from
t
he
el
ect
rical
Eng
i
neer
i
ng
I
ns
ti
tute
of
The
Un
i
ver
sit
y
of
Si
di
-
Be
l
-
Abbes
Alge
ria
in
1990,
T
he
MS
degree
from
the
Ele
ct
rica
l
Eng
i
neer
in
g
I
ns
ti
tute
of
The
Un
i
ver
sit
y
Sci
ence
a
nd
Tech
no
l
ogy
of
O
ra
n
U
ST
O
in
19
93,
a
nd
t
he
P
h.D.
degree
from
the
Ele
ct
rical
En
gin
eeri
ng
I
nst
it
ute
of
T
he
Un
i
ver
sit
y
Sci
ence
a
nd
Tec
hnol
ogy
of
O
ra
n
US
T
O
in
2001
.H
e
is
cu
rr
e
ntly
prof
e
ssor
of
the
el
ect
rical
En
gin
eeri
ng
I
nst
it
ute
of
T
he
Un
i
ver
sit
y
of
S
idi
-
Be
l
-
A
bbes
Alge
ria.
Bouana
ne
Abde
l
krim
is
born
in
SA
IDA
,
Alger
ia
in
1970
I
obt
ained
a
dipl
o
ma
of
eng
ineer
in
El
e
ct
rot
ec
hni
cs
in
1995.
I
r
ecei
ve
d
my
Maste
r
in
2006
at
the
ENS
ET
Oran
and
PHD
at
th
e
ENPO
ora
n
in
2013
.
I
am
a
te
a
tc
h
er
in
t
he
Depa
r
tm
en
t
of
El
e
ct
r
ic
a
l
Eng
i
nee
ring
,
Facu
lt
y
of
Technol
ogy
at
th
e
Dr
.
Moula
y
Ta
h
er
Univ
ersit
y
of
SA
IDA
.
My
rese
arc
h
in
t
ere
sts
in
cl
ude
in
te
lligent
con
trol
of
power
sys
tem
and
FA
CTS,
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Mac
h
i
nes
and
R
ene
wa
ble
En
erg
i
es.
I
am
a
member
in
el
e
ct
rot
ec
hni
cal
engi
ne
eri
ng
Lab
or
at
ory
(L.G.E
)
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