Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
4
,
Decem
be
r 202
0
, p
p.
2083
~
2090
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijp
ed
s
.
v11.i
4
.
pp
2083
-
2090
2083
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Wind tu
rb
i
ne doubl
y
-
f
ed i
nduction gen
erato
r defec
ts d
i
agnosis
using rot
or curr
ents li
ssaj
ous cur
ves
Sa
r
a
K
ha
r
oub
i, Lamia
a
El
Menzhi
Nati
ona
l
School
of
Applie
d
Sci
en
ce
s,
Abd
el
m
al
ek
Essaa
di
Univer
s
it
y,
Ta
ng
ie
r
900
0,
Moroc
co
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
l
e hist
or
y:
Re
cei
ved
Ja
n
1
7
,
2020
Re
vised
A
pr
2
4
,
2020
Accepte
d
J
ul
10
, 2
0
20
Nowa
day
s
,
in
ver
te
r
s
are
powe
r
el
ect
r
on
i
cs
de
vices
us
ed
in
t
he
ren
e
wa
ble
en
e
rgy
c
onve
rsion
s
ys
te
ms
.
T
he
refor
e
,
the
c
onti
nu
it
y
of
serv
ic
e
of
po
w
er
co
nverte
r
ha
s
bee
n
a
majo
r
co
ncer
n.
I
n
th
is
paper,
a
te
chn
iq
ue
f
or
diag
nosin
g
m
ul
ti
ple
op
e
n
swi
tc
h
fa
ults
in
th
ree
ph
a
se
vo
lt
age
in
ver
te
rs
fee
ding
D
oubl
y
Fe
d
Ind
uc
ti
on
Gen
e
rato
r
D
FIG
is
pr
ese
nted
.
It
is
base
d
on
the
so
-
cal
le
d
the
L
issaj
ou
s
cu
rv
e
s
of
DF
I
G
ro
t
or
c
urren
ts
.
Fo
r
t
his
pu
rpos
e,
the
m
od
el
i
ng
of
a
non
-
de
f
ect
ed
wind
conve
rsion
s
yst
em
base
d
on
mathemat
ic
mode
l
create
d
in
M
at
la
b
Simuli
nk
is
fir
stl
y
pr
ese
nted
,
after
that,
a
n
i
ndirect
sta
tor
fiel
d
vecto
r
-
or
ie
nted
co
ntr
ol
is
a
pp
li
ed
t
o
obta
in
the
wind
sy
ste
m
pe
rformance
.
Finall
y,
ro
t
or
c
urren
ts
Lissa
jo
us
c
urves
a
re
a
nalyze
d
in
ca
s
e
of
a
no
n
-
def
ect
e
d
a
nd
de
fected
i
nverter
.
Simul
at
ion
res
ults
sho
w
the
eff
ect
ive
ness o
f
the
prop
os
e
d met
hod
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
DF
I
G
Diag
nosis
Indirect
fiel
d o
riented
contr
ol
M
ulti
ple
open
switc
h faults
Inver
te
rs
Liss
aj
ou
s
cur
ve
s
Re
new
a
ble e
ne
rgy
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Sara
K
haroubi
,
Nati
on
al
Scho
ol of
A
pp
li
ed
S
ci
ences,
Abdelmal
ek
Es
saadi
Un
i
ver
sit
y,
Tan
gier 900
0,
M
or
occo
.
Emai
l:
sara.
kharou
bi@gmai
l.
com
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Faced
with
a
grow
i
ng
dema
nd
for
ene
r
gy,
the
industrial
world
is
m
ov
i
ng
more
an
d
more
towa
r
ds
ren
e
wa
ble
e
ne
rg
ie
s
an
d
pa
rtic
ularly
wind
t
urbines
to
pro
du
ce
el
ect
rici
ty.
Cu
rr
e
ntly,
wind
t
urbines
base
d
on
the
D
oubly
Fe
d
I
nductio
n
G
ener
at
or
(DFI
G)
a
re
the
most
widely
us
e
d
in
te
rr
est
rial
wind
fa
rms.
T
he
wi
nd
energ
y
co
nver
sion
c
hain
is
a
dev
ic
e
that
tr
ansfo
rms
par
t
of
the
wind
kin
et
ic
energ
y
in
to
mecha
nical
energ
y
avail
able
on
a
tr
ansmissi
on
s
haf
t
an
d
the
n
i
nto
el
ect
rical
energ
y
via
a
ge
ner
at
or
[
1].
T
he
se
instal
la
ti
on
s
are
nowa
days
in
f
ull
ex
pansi
on
and
are
of
very
c
onsidera
ble
imp
or
ta
nce,
wh
et
her
f
rom
the
point
of
view
of
el
ect
rical
or
e
c
onom
ic
al
e
nergy
re
quireme
nt
s.
Howe
ver
,
th
ese
wi
nd
tu
rb
i
nes
may
b
e
s
ubje
ct
to
pa
rtia
l
or
total
dama
ge,
an
un
ti
mely
shutd
own
of
a
wi
nd
chain
i
ne
vitably
ca
us
es
i
nestima
ble
l
os
ses.
So
,
to
preve
nt
su
c
h
a
sh
ut
dow
n from
b
ei
ng ca
us
e
d by el
ect
rical
or
mech
a
nical
f
ai
lures, i
t i
s imp
or
ta
nt to dete
ct
these
def
e
ct
s
e
arly.
Ther
e
ha
ve
be
en
man
y
stu
dies
on
wind
ene
rgy
co
nv
ersio
n
s
ys
te
m
.
W
hethe
r
at
the
le
vel
of
regulat
ion
[
2]
,
of
a
utomat
ic
ge
ner
at
io
n
c
on
t
r
ol
[
3]
or
of
fa
ul
ts
detect
ion
[
4].
Our
w
ork
is
par
t
of
a
projec
t
that
consi
sts
in
m
odel
ing
a
nd
sim
ulati
on
of
t
h
e
var
ia
ble
sp
ee
d
win
d
ene
r
gy
c
onve
rsion
chai
n
ba
sed
on
the
DF
I
G
in
case
of
a
non
-
def
ect
ed
a
nd
def
ect
e
d
c
on
ver
te
r
.
A
l
ot
of
works
has
be
en
done
to
det
ect
sta
ti
c
conv
erters
fau
lt
s
w
he
re
man
y
met
hods
wer
e
us
e
d,
of
wh
ic
h
we
ca
n
s
pecify
:
t
he
Neural
Net
wor
k
A
ppr
oac
h
[5]
,
the
Fu
zz
y
L
og
ic
A
ppr
oach
[6]
a
nd
M
ulti
dime
nsi
on
al
D
at
a
A
na
lysis
[
7]
.
I
n
ge
ner
al
,
t
hose
methods
a
re
ba
sed
on
the
traj
ect
ory
of
t
he
c
urren
t
vecto
r
(i
ns
ta
nt
aneous
or
a
verage)
us
i
ng
ana
lyti
cal
mo
de
ls
or
patte
r
n
r
eco
gn
it
io
n
methods
to
de
te
ct
fau
lt
s
in
t
he
co
ntr
ol
ci
rc
uit
s
or
power
semic
onduct
or
fa
ults
(Ope
n/
S
hort
ci
rcu
it
fau
lt
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
2083
–
2090
2084
aff
ect
in
g
the
I
GBT sw
it
ch
es)
[7]
. T
he
Lissa
j
ou
s c
urves o
f
r
otor curre
nts c
an
al
so
detect
v
ari
ou
s i
nv
e
rte
r
fa
ults
and
this
without
distu
r
bing
t
he
gen
e
rato
r
operati
on.
The
s
e
curv
es
we
re
pr
ese
nted
in
di
ff
e
ren
t
st
ud
ie
s
su
c
h
as
the
ro
ta
ti
ng
ma
chine
ry
fiel
d
[
8],
a
nd
fau
lt
s
di
agnosis
[
9
-
10]
,
it
was
al
so
st
ud
ie
d
i
n
[
11]
t
o
detect
wind
tur
bin
e
doubly
fe
d
i
nduction
mac
hine
un
der
gri
d
de
fects.
The
ai
m
of
this
pa
pe
r
is
to
present
Lissa
jou
s
c
urv
es
as
a
diag
nosi
s
met
hod
for
detect
ing
t
hr
ee
phas
e
volt
age
in
ve
rters
feed
i
ng
DF
I
G
i
n
the
c
ase
of
m
ulti
ple
open
switc
hes fa
ults.
2.
CONCEPT
O
F WI
ND CO
NV
E
RS
I
ON S
YS
TE
M
A
wind
syst
em
base
d
on
a
DF
I
G
is
ge
neral
ly
gi
ve
n
unde
r
t
he
t
opolog
y
il
lustrate
d
by
t
he
F
ig
ur
e
1
.
The
wi
nd
tu
r
bin
e
dri
ves
the
DF
I
G
via
a
ge
arbo
x,
w
here
it
is
c
onnecte
d
directl
y
to
the
gr
i
d
by
t
he
sta
tor
an
d
by
t
he
r
otor
th
r
ough
tw
o
thre
e
-
phase
sta
ti
cs
conve
rters
c
on
tr
olled
by
pu
lse
width
mod
ulati
on
(PW
M
).
O
ne
in
the
DFIG
ro
t
or
side
cal
le
d
Roto
r
Side
Co
nv
e
rter
(RSC)
and
t
he
ot
her
in
the
gri
d
si
de
cal
le
d
G
rid
Side
Converte
r
(
GSC
).
T
ha
nk
s
to
the
bid
irect
io
nalit
y
of
t
hese
two
co
nverte
rs,
t
he
DF
I
G
can
op
e
rate
in
su
b
sy
nc
hro
nous
and
s
uper
s
ync
hro
nous
m
ode.
PI
ty
pe
po
we
r
re
gu
la
to
rs
a
r
e
us
e
d.
T
hey
al
lo
w
reac
h
in
g
at
the
same
ti
me
a
good
dy
namic
a
nd
a
go
od
r
ob
us
tness
.
R
otor
side
c
onve
rter
act
s
as
a
P
W
M
recti
fier
du
r
ing
the
machine
w
orki
ng
in
s
uper
s
ynch
r
onous
m
ode
a
nd
as
a
n
inv
e
rter
duri
ng
sub
s
yn
c
hro
nous
m
od
e
[
13]
.
The
pur
po
se
of
the
RSC
is
pro
vid
i
ng
dec
ou
pled
act
ive
a
nd
reac
ti
ve
sta
to
r
pow
er
regulat
io
n
P
s
a
nd
Qs
de
pe
nd
i
ng
on
the
re
fer
e
nc
e
tor
que
delive
red
by
t
he
PI
c
on
t
ro
ll
ers
.
Gr
i
d
si
de
c
onve
rter
act
s
as
a
PWM
i
nv
e
rter
duri
ng
th
e
machine
w
ork
ing
i
n
s
up
e
r
s
yn
c
hro
nous
m
od
e
an
d
as
a
recti
fier
durin
g
s
ub
sy
nc
hro
no
us
mode
[
13]
.
T
he
pur
po
se
of
the
GS
C
is
c
ontr
olli
ng
t
he
e
xchang
e
of
power
flo
ws
with
th
e
gr
i
d
via
the
ro
t
or
,
mainta
in
ing
t
he
DC bus
at a c
onsta
nt
volt
age l
evel an
d
i
mpos
ing
t
he react
iv
e pow
e
r Qs at
0.
Figure
1. Wi
nd en
e
rgy
c
onve
r
sion syste
m
us
i
ng a
doubly
fe
d
in
duct
ion g
e
ner
at
or
[
12]
3.
WIN
D CO
NVE
RS
IO
N SY
S
TE
M
M
ODE
LING
3.1.
Wind turbi
ne
mod
el
in
g
Our
m
odel
is
ba
sed
on
the
ste
ady
sta
te
powe
r
cha
racteri
sti
c
s
of
the
t
urbine
.
The
ri
gid
it
y
of
the
dri
ve
sh
aft
is
ass
um
e
d
in
finite
,
the
f
rict
ion
c
oeffici
ent
an
d
the
i
ne
rtia
of
the
t
urbi
ne
m
us
t
be
c
ombine
d
with
th
os
e
o
f
the g
e
ne
rato
r
c
oupled
to
t
he
t
urbine
[14].
−
The Mec
han
ic
al
powe
r
rec
ov
ered b
y
t
he
tu
r
bin
e
P
turbine
=
1
2
∗
p
(
λ
)
*
ρ
*
π
*
2
∗
3
(1)
a
nd
λ
=
R
∗
Ω
1
v
(
2)
w
he
re
Ω
1
Sp
ee
d of r
otati
on b
e
f
or
e
mu
lt
ipli
er
: R
adius
of t
he
aer
og
e
ner
at
or
ρ
: De
ns
it
y of ai
r,
1.2
25kg/
m
3
The
coe
ff
ic
ie
nt
of
po
wer
Cp
r
epr
ese
nts
the
wind
t
urbine
a
erod
yn
a
mic
e
ffi
ci
ency
an
d
de
pends
on
the
tur
bin
e
cha
ract
erist
ic
.
Fi
gure
2
re
pr
ese
nts
th
e
va
riat
ion
of
t
his
c
oe
ff
ic
ie
nt
as
a
f
unct
ion
of
t
he
sp
ee
d
rati
o
a
nd
the angle
of th
e orie
ntati
on of
the
blade
.
−
The
ae
rod
yn
a
mic t
orq
ue
is
:
=
Ω
(3)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Wi
nd tur
bin
e
doubly
-
fe
d
in
du
ct
ion
gen
e
ra
t
or defec
ts
diagnosis
us
in
g
r
otor curre
nts
…
(
Sara K
har
oubi
)
2085
=
1
2
∗
∗
∗
2
∗
3
Ω
−
The fu
ndame
nt
al
eq
uati
on of
dynamics
Ω
2
=
p
=
−
−
(4)
=
−
−
∗
Ω
2
Wh
e
re
: Total
ine
rtia
Ω
2
:
Sp
ee
d of r
otati
on
a
fter
mu
lt
i
plier
:
Ele
ct
ro
ma
gne
ti
c tor
que
: Visco
us
fr
ic
ti
on to
rque
:
Coef
fici
ent of
v
i
sc
ou
s
fric
ti
on
*
*T
he
re
sist
ant
tor
qu
e
due t
o
f
rict
ion
is
m
od
e
le
d
by a
co
e
ff
i
ci
ent of
visco
us fr
ic
ti
on
f [16]
.
The
f
undame
nt
al
equ
at
io
n
of
dy
namics
al
lo
ws
deter
minin
g
t
he
e
voluti
on
of
the
mec
ha
nical
s
peed
from
t
he
total
mecha
nical
torqu
e
appli
ed
t
o t
he
r
ot
or.
Fig
ure
2
.
Cha
r
act
erist
ic
o
f
t
he
pow
e
r
c
oeffi
ci
ent b
ase
d o
n l
ambd
a
v
a
riat
ion [
15]
3.2.
Model
ing
of
d
ou
bly
-
fed
in
d
uctio
n m
achin
e
M
odel
of the
a
sy
nc
hro
nous m
achine i
n
Pa
r
k refe
ren
ce
fram
e (
d,
q) are
[17]:
{
=
∗
+
(
)
−
∗
=
∗
+
(
)
−
∗
{
=
∗
+
(
)
−
(
−
)
∗
=
∗
+
(
)
−
(
−
)
∗
(5)
−
The
el
ect
r
om
a
gn
et
ic
to
r
qu
e
e
qu
at
io
n
is
g
i
ve
n by
:
=
−
3
2
∗
(
∗
−
∗
)
(6)
3.3.
Fie
ld orien
ted
co
n
tr
ol
We
c
hoose
a
two
-
phase
re
fere
nce
fr
a
me
(
d,
q)
li
nked
to
th
e
r
otati
ng
fiel
d.
T
he
sta
tor
fl
ux
is
ori
ente
d
al
ong
the
d
i
rec
t axis.
So we
c
an write
:
{
=
=
0
=
−
.
.
(7)
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S
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694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
2083
–
2090
2086
Acti
ve
a
nd r
ea
ct
ive pow
e
rs
c
an be
wr
it
te
n
a
s foll
ow
s:
{
=
∗
∗
=
∗
∗
(8)
4.
LISSA
JOUS
CUR
VES F
O
R DFIG
D
EF
ECTS
DIAG
NOS
I
S
Lissa
jou
s
c
urv
es
or
fig
ur
e
s,
a
lso
cal
le
d
Bo
w
dith
cu
r
ves,
a
r
e
the
traj
ect
or
i
es
of
a
point
on
the
plane
whose
c
oor
dina
te
s
each
h
a
ve
a
sin
usoidal
mo
veme
nt
of
per
i
od,
a
mp
li
t
ud
e
a
nd
phase
wh
ic
h
ma
y
be
diff
e
re
nt
[18].
So
by
e
xpressi
ng
a
si
ne
wa
ve
as
a
f
un
ct
io
n
of
an
ot
her
sine
wav
e
,
inte
resti
ng
pa
tt
ern
s
emer
ge
.
T
his
famil
y
of
cu
r
ve
s
was
stu
died
first
by
the
A
merican
mathe
mati
ci
an
Nat
ha
n
ie
l
Bo
wd
it
h
in
1815
,
t
hen
in
m
ore
detai
l
by
the
Fre
nch
mathe
mat
ic
ia
n
Ju
le
s
-
A
nt
oin
e
Lissa
jo
us
in
18
57
-
1858.
Lissa
jou
s
use
d
a
na
rro
w
strea
m
of
san
d pour
i
ng fr
om
t
he base
of
a comp
ound
pe
ndulum t
o p
r
oduce
the c
urve
s [19
-
20
].
Lissa
jou
s
cur
ve
s ar
e
desc
ribe
d by
the
pa
ram
et
ric eq
ua
ti
ons
belo
w [21]:
=
A
sin
(
+
)
=
B
sin
(
)
(9)
If
the
tw
o
wa
ve
s
are
e
xactl
y
t
he
same
f
requ
ency
(a=b),
ha
ve
t
he
same
a
mp
li
tud
e
(A
=
B),
but
out
of
sy
nc
h b
y
π/
2, t
hen one
of the
wav
e
s w
il
l
be
l
ike a c
os
ine
, a
nd the
res
ultan
t ou
t
pu
t
will
b
e
a
ci
rcle:
=
A
cos
(
)
=
A
sin
(
)
(10)
2
+
2
=
2
(11)
These
c
urves
a
re
ap
plied
in
t
his
pa
per
t
o
th
e
DF
I
G
r
otor
t
hr
ee
-
phase
c
urren
ts.
For
this
pur
po
se
,
it
is
necessa
ry
to
a
pp
l
y
t
he
C
onc
ordia
tra
nsfo
r
mati
on
[
22]
to
the
r
otor
basi
c
cu
rr
e
nts
,
in
order
to
ob
ta
in
th
e
ro
t
or
c
urre
nts
Con
c
ordia c
ompone
nts (
,
)
su
c
h
as:
[
]
=
√
2
3
[
1
−
1
2
⁄
−
1
2
⁄
0
√
3
2
−
√
3
2
]
*
[
]
(12)
5.
SIMULATI
O
N
RESU
LT
S
In
orde
r
to
s
how
t
he
ef
fec
ti
ven
ess
of
th
e
pro
posed
m
et
hod,
sim
ulat
ion
s
of
the
w
ind
e
nerg
y
co
nve
rsion c
ha
in
we
re ca
rr
ie
d
out o
n Matl
ab
/
Simuli
nk.
5.1.
Free
-
de
ff
ec
ts oper
at
i
on
This
case
is
a
ref
e
re
nce
to
wh
ic
h
the
de
f
ect
ed
in
ver
te
r
feed
i
ng
the
DF
I
G
ca
ses
a
re
co
m
par
e
d.
Fig
ure
3
re
pr
esent
res
pecti
vely
the
s
ys
te
m
c
har
act
e
risti
cs
an
d
r
otor
cu
rr
e
nts
Liss
saj
ou
s
c
urve
durin
g
fr
ee
-
de
fects
operati
on.
5.2.
Discussio
n
Durin
g
t
he
tra
ns
ie
nt
re
gime,
the
r
oto
r
s
pe
ed
is
sli
gh
tl
y
pu
lsa
ti
ng,
pres
enting
beats
a
t
the
first
mo
m
e
nt
of
sta
r
ti
ng
,
afte
r
t
hat the
s
pee
d
reac
hes
the
ste
ad
y st
at
e
by stabil
iz
ing
at
t
he
no
minal value
.
T
he
c
urve
of
t
he
el
ect
romecha
nical
tor
qu
e
presents
a
t
s
ta
rtup
la
r
ge
beats
in
a
s
hort
ti
me
inter
va
l
then
sta
bili
z
es
at
a
neg
at
ive
val
ue
w
hich
ref
le
ct
s
the
ge
ne
rato
r
mode.
At
sta
rt
up,
the
bus
vo
lt
age
increase
s
ex
pone
ntial
ly
for
a
few
sec
onds
a
nd
the
n
ret
urn
s
to
a
fixe
d
re
f
eren
ce
value.
The
reacti
ve
powe
r
set
po
i
nt
will
be
maint
ai
ned
at
zero
to
e
nsure
a
unit
po
wer
fa
ct
or
on
the
sta
tor
side
so
as
t
o
opti
mize
the
qual
it
y
of
t
he
e
ne
rgy
retu
rn
e
d
on
the
gr
i
d
[
23].
T
he
act
ive
powe
r
s
et
po
int
mu
st
ke
ep
the
powe
r
factor
of
the
w
ind
tu
r
bin
e
op
t
imal
.
The
Liss
aj
ou
s
curve
of
D
oubl
y
Fed Ind
uctio
n
Ge
ner
at
or
r
ot
or
c
urren
ts
Co
ncor
dia
c
omponents
,
as
s
how
n
i
n
Fig
ur
e
3
(
b), h
as
a s
ha
pe of
tw
o ci
rcles o
f wh
ic
h
the
one i
ns
id
e h
as
six k
no
ts:
the
numb
e
r of
the in
ver
te
r
s
w
it
ches.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Wi
nd tur
bin
e
doubly
-
fe
d
in
du
ct
ion
gen
e
ra
t
or defec
ts
diagnosis
us
in
g
r
otor curre
nts
…
(
Sara K
har
oubi
)
2087
(a)
(b)
Fig
ure
3
.
Fr
ee
-
def
ect
s
operati
on, (a)
The
dy
namic
behavi
or
of
t
he DF
IG,
(b)
Lissa
j
ou
s
c
urve
of D
F
I
G
r
otor
cur
ren
ts
5.3.
Fau
lty
op
er
ati
on
In
t
his
ap
plica
ti
on
,
we
a
re
i
nterested
i
n
the hypo
-
sync
hro
nous
g
ene
rato
r
operati
on, s
o
as to
treat
only
the
tra
nsfer
of
ro
t
or
po
wer
in
a
si
ng
le
di
recti
on
(
Gr
i
d
t
o
R
oto
r)
.
T
he
gri
d
side
co
nverte
r
will
the
refo
re
be
a
simple
un
i
dire
ct
ion
al
recti
fie
r.
T
he
DC
bu
s
volt
age
is
the
r
efore
kep
t
fixe
d
a
nd
we
are
i
nterested
only
in
the
con
t
ro
l
of
the
r
otor
side
co
nv
erter.
A
c
onve
r
te
r
su
c
h
as
the
PWM
in
ve
rter
is
li
kely
to
ha
ve
struct
ur
al
defec
ts
su
c
h
as
po
wer
semic
onduct
or
fa
ults
(s
witc
he
s)
s
hort
ci
rcu
i
t
an
d/o
r
op
e
n
ci
rcu
it
[
24]
,
a
nd
t
her
e
fore
t
his
ty
pe
of
malf
unct
ion
ma
y
ca
us
e
da
mage
to
the
e
ntire
pro
du
ct
io
n
s
ys
te
m
if
th
e
pe
rs
onnel
is
not
noti
fied
a
nd
a
n
un
ti
mely
s
hutd
own
is
pr
oduc
ed
[25
].
A
stu
dy
was
de
vo
te
d
t
o
t
he
detect
ion
an
d
dia
gnosi
s
of
fa
ults
in
sta
ti
c
conve
rters
in
an
aspect
cl
ose
r
t
o
the
ph
ysi
cs
of
the
el
ec
tro
nic
powe
r
com
pone
nt
an
d
the
m
odule
wh
ic
h
descr
i
bed
t
he
mecha
nisms
of
the
mai
n
fail
ures.
T
his
st
udy
has
sho
wn
t
ha
t
the
te
m
per
at
ure
of
the
e
nv
i
ronme
nt
as
well
as
te
m
per
at
ur
e
var
i
at
ion
s
due
to
t
he
rmal
cycles
a
re
the
mai
n
ca
us
es
of
fail
ur
e
s
[7].
In
this
pa
per,
inv
e
rter
fa
ulty
op
e
rati
ons
a
re
consi
der
e
d
in
the
case
of
m
ul
ti
ple
open
s
witc
hes
t
hat
occur
at
the
same
le
g
a
nd
at
d
iffe
re
nt leg
s.
Figure
4. The
s
ix sw
it
c
hes
{
1
to
6
}
of the
roto
r
side
conve
rter c
onc
ern
e
d b
y our
fa
ulty
op
e
rati
on
study
[26
]
Op
e
n
-
ci
rcu
it
f
aults
at
ta
cking
the
IG
BT
s
w
it
ches
may
oc
cur
wh
e
n
the
IG
BT
is
disco
nn
ect
e
d,
i
s
dama
ged,
or
ha
d
a
pro
blem
i
n
it
s
gri
d
c
ontr
ol
sig
nal.
T
his
typ
e
of
fa
ult
is
very
d
if
ficult
to
rec
ognize
di
rectl
y
because
t
he
m
otor
ca
n
co
ntinu
e
to
run
but
with
a
degrada
ti
on
of
it
s
pe
r
forma
nce
due
to
the
occ
urre
nce
of
fluctuati
ons
in
the
mec
ha
nical
pa
ramete
rs
a
s
well
as
a
v
ariat
ion
in
the
c
urre
nts
where
the
c
urren
ts
of
the
ot
her
two
hea
lt
hy
le
gs
ta
ke
high v
a
lues
to
mai
ntain
the
a
verage
t
orq
ue
an
d
the
s
peed.
I
n
the
pr
esence o
f
t
his
typ
e of
fau
lt
,
t
he
sta
rti
ng
of
the
m
ot
or
c
an
not
al
w
ays
be
gu
a
ra
nteed,
e
ve
ry
t
hing
will
dep
e
nd
on
the
val
ue
of
t
he
tor
qu
e
w
hich
c
an
be
cl
os
e
t
o
zero
f
or
ce
rtai
n
r
otor
po
sit
io
n
[
27].
A
n
IGB
T
open
-
ci
rc
ui
t
fau
lt
in
a
s
w
it
ch
is
introd
uced
by
rem
ovin
g
it
s
gate
sig
nal
[
28]
.
T
he
r
oto
r
currents
Co
nc
ordia
c
ompon
ents
Lissa
j
ou
s
cu
rv
e
s
ind
ic
at
e
the
in
ver
te
r
fa
ult
y
si
tuati
on
.
A
fr
ee
-
de
fects
op
e
rat
ion
is
re
presen
te
d
by
a
si
x
kn
ots
ci
rcle
i
ns
ide
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
2083
–
2090
2088
perfect
on
e
.
If
an
i
nv
e
rter
fa
ul
t
ta
kes
place,
there
is
a
c
hang
e
in
the
r
otor
c
urren
ts
.
T
he
refor
e
,
a
c
hange
in
t
he
ci
rcle sha
pe pr
ov
e
s the
prese
nce
of in
ver
te
r
def
ect
.
Inve
rte
r
Si
ng
le
Sw
it
c
h
Fa
ult.
The
fig
ur
e
s
be
low
sho
w
t
he
r
otor
c
urre
nts
L
issaj
ou
s
cu
r
ve
in
the
case
of
dif
fer
e
nt
le
ve
l
sing
le
s
witc
h
fa
ult.
Wh
e
n
t
he
fa
ult
occ
urs
,
the
ci
rcle
with
six
knots
bec
om
es
a
ci
rcle
with
5
knots
Fig
ur
e
4.
T
he
ori
entat
io
n
of
t
he
ci
rcle m
issed
kn
ots depends
o
n
the
d
efecte
d
switc
h
l
ocati
on.
I
n
the
c
ase
of
one
up
per
s
witc
h
fau
lt
,
the
misse
d
knot
a
pp
ea
rs
at
the
bott
om
(a
).
I
n
t
he
case
of
on
e
l
ow
e
r
s
witc
h
fa
ult,
the
missed
knot a
ppears
at the t
op
(b)
.
(a)
(b)
Figure
4. Lissa
jou
s
curve
s
of
ro
t
or
c
urre
nts
Con
c
ordia C
omp
on
e
nts,
(a)
Case
of a
DFIG fe
d b
y
1
switc
h
de
fected
in
ver
te
r
, (b
)
Ca
s
e of a
DFIG
f
e
d by
2
switc
h def
ect
ed
in
ver
te
r
Inver
te
r
D
oubl
e
Sw
it
ches
Fa
ult
in
the
S
am
e
Leg.
The
Fi
gure
5
s
hows
t
he
r
otor
c
urrent
s
Lissa
jou
s
curve
in
t
he
c
ase
of
t
he
sam
e
le
g
do
ub
le
s
witc
hes
fa
ults.
Wh
e
n
t
he
fa
ul
t
occu
rs
,
the
ci
rcle
with
six
knot
s
becomes
a
ci
rc
le
with
4
knots
,
it
’s
cl
os
e
t
o
a
sh
a
pe
of
bu
tt
e
rf
ly
with
knot
inside
Fig
ur
e
5.
T
he
or
ie
ntati
on
of
t
he
ci
rcle
dep
e
nd
s
on t
he defe
ct
ed
s
witc
hes
l
ocati
on.
Inver
te
r
D
ou
bl
e
S
witc
hes
Fa
ult
in
di
ff
e
ren
t
Le
gs
.
The
Fi
gure
6
s
hows
th
e
r
otor
c
urre
nts
Lissa
jo
us
curve
i
n
t
he
c
ase
of
dif
fer
e
nt
le
g
double
s
witc
hes
fa
ult.
Wh
e
n
the
fa
ults
occ
ur,
the
c
ircl
e
with
six
knot
s
becomes
a
ci
rc
le
with
4
knot
s.
T
he
ori
entat
ion
of
t
he
ci
rcle
mi
sse
d
knots
de
pe
nds
on
th
e
de
fected
s
witc
he
s
locat
ion
.
I
n
th
e
case
of
tw
o
uppe
r
switc
hes
fau
lt
,
t
he
mis
sed
knots
a
pp
e
ar
at
the
to
p
(a
).
I
n
t
he
case
of
t
wo
lowe
r
s
witc
hes
f
ault, t
he
miss
ed knot
s a
pp
e
a
r
at
the
bott
om
(b).
In the ca
se
o
f
one
uppe
r
s
witc
h
a
nd o
ne
l
ow
e
r
switc
h faults,
the
ob
ta
ine
d sh
ape is
pr
e
sente
d
in
(
c
).
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
5. Lissa
jou
s
curve
s
of
ro
t
or
c
urre
nts,
(a)
Ca
se
of
a
D
FI
G
fed
by
1
and
2
switc
hes
de
fe
ct
ed
inv
e
rter,
(
b)
Ca
se o
f
a
D
FI
G
fe
d
by
3
and
4
switc
hes de
fected in
ve
rter, (c
)
Case o
f
a
DFI
G
f
ed
by
5
an
d
6
switc
hes defect
ed
in
ve
rter
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Wi
nd tur
bin
e
doubly
-
fe
d
in
du
ct
ion
gen
e
ra
t
or defec
ts
diagnosis
us
in
g
r
otor curre
nts
…
(
Sara K
har
oubi
)
2089
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
6. Lissa
jou
s
curve
of
r
otor c
urren
ts,
(
a) Case
of a
D
FI
G
f
e
d b
y
1
and
3
switc
hes defe
ct
ed
in
ver
te
r,
(b)
Ca
se
of a
D
FI
G
f
e
d b
y
2
and
4
switc
hes defe
ct
ed
in
ver
te
r,
(
c) Case
of a
D
FI
G
f
e
d b
y
1
and
4
switc
hes
def
ect
e
d
in
ve
rter
6.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
t
he
first
part
of
this
pap
e
r
we
stu
died
t
he
op
e
rati
ng
m
ode
of
the
wind
energ
y
co
nver
sion
s
ys
te
m
namely
the
m
odel
of
t
he
var
ia
ble
s
peed
tu
rb
i
ne
a
nd
the
m
odel
of
t
he
Dou
bly
Fed
I
nduct
ion
Ge
ner
at
or.
In
the
seco
nd
pa
rt,
a
method
was
de
vel
oped
f
or
de
te
ct
ing
th
ree
phase
i
nv
e
rter
S
ing
le
a
nd
Mult
iple
O
pe
n
S
wi
tc
hes
fau
lt
s,
base
d
on
the
r
otor
c
urre
nts
Co
ncor
dia
com
pone
nt
s
Lissa
jou
s
c
urves
.
I
n
the
ca
se
of
a
fr
ee
-
de
fects
op
e
rati
on,
the
Lissa
jou
s
cu
rve
has
a
s
ha
pe
of
t
wo
ci
rcles
of
w
hich
the
one
in
si
de
has
s
ix
knots
(e
xactl
y
the
numb
e
r
of
the
inv
e
rter
s
witc
he
s).
The
kn
ots
numb
e
r
decre
a
ses
an
d
t
he
ci
r
cl
e
or
ie
ntati
on
changes
acco
r
ding
to
the
num
ber
of
the
in
ver
te
r
de
fected
s
witc
he
s
(single
or
double
)
a
nd
th
ei
r
locat
io
n.
We
are
sti
ll
pu
rs
uin
g
simulat
io
ns
of
the
in
ve
rter
f
eedin
g
Dou
bly
Fed
I
nductio
n
Ge
ner
at
or
i
n
the
case
of
S
hort
Ci
rc
uit
S
w
it
ches
Fault
be
f
or
e
movin
g
t
o
the
G
rid
Side
C
onve
rter
to
do
the
c
omplet
e
inv
e
rter
fa
ulty
op
e
rati
o
n
st
udy.
To
com
plete
the
project
,
a
s
ys
te
m
of
supe
rv
i
sion
an
d
decis
ion
ma
king
re
gardin
g
t
he
t
ype
of
def
ect
a
nd
it
s
locat
ion
m
us
t
be
est
a
blishe
d.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Mus
ta
pha
Hat
ti
,
“
Smart
Ene
rgy
Em
powerm
ent
i
n
Smart
and
Res
il
ie
n
t
Ci
ti
es
,
”
Sp
ringer
Scienc
e
a
nd
Busniss
Me
di
a
LLC
,
2020.
[2]
S.
A.
Gawish,
S.
M.
Shara
f
and
MS
El
-
Harony
.
“
Expe
r
im
en
ta
l
R
esult
s
of
a
Wi
nd
Ene
rgy
Conv
ersion
Sys
te
m
with
STATCOM
Us
ing
Fuzzy
Logi
c
Contro
ll
er
,
”
Bu
ll
etin
of
E
le
c
tri
cal
Engi
n
ee
ring
and
Informati
c
s,
Vol
.
5
,
No.
3
,
pp.
271
-
283
,
20
16.
[3]
S.
Kail,
A.
Bekr
i
and
A.
Ha
zzab
.
“
Study
of
aut
o
ma
tic
g
ene
r
at
ion
cont
r
o
l
in
two
are
a
power
sys
t
em
wi
th
DF
IG
-
base
d
wind
ene
r
gy
conve
rsion
.”
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
Pow
er
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Dr
iv
e
Syst
em
(IJ
PE
DS)”
,
Vol.
1
0,
No.
4,
pp.
2118
-
2125,
2019
.
[4]
N.
F.
Fad
za
i
l,
S.
Mat
Zali,
M.
A.
Khair
udin
and
N.
H.
Han
afi
.
“
St
at
or
win
ding
f
au
lt
d
etec
ti
on
of
inductio
n
gene
ra
tor
base
d
wind
turb
ine
usi
ng
AN
N
.
”
Indo
nesian
Journal
of
El
e
ct
rica
l
En
gine
ering
and
C
omputer
Sc
ie
n
ce,
Vol
.
19
,
No.
1,
p
p.
126
-
133
,
,
Jul
y
2020.
[5]
H.
K.
Khle
af,
A.
K.
Naha
r
an
d
A.
S.
Jabba
r
.
“In
telli
g
ent
co
ntrol
of
DC
-
DC
conv
erter
b
ase
d
on
PID
-
neur
a
l
net
work
.
”
In
te
r
nati
onal
Journ
al
of
Powe
r
El
e
ct
ronics
an
d
Dr
iv
e
S
ystem
(IJ
P
EDS),
Vol.
10
,
No.
4,
pp.
2254
-
2262
2
019.
[6]
O.
Sal
am
a
,
A.
T
abya
oui
and
M.
Benc
hagr
a
.
“
Control
Me
thods
o
n
Thr
ee
-
phase
P
ower
Conver
te
rs
in
Photovolt
ai
c
Sys
te
ms
.
”
Inte
r
nati
onal
Journ
al
of
Pow
er
El
e
ct
ronics
an
d
Dr
iv
e
Syst
e
m
(IJ
P
EDS),
Vol.
9
,
No
.
4,
pp.
1851
-
1865
,
2018.
[7]
TRIGEASS
OU
Jea
n
-
Cla
ud
e
.
“D
ia
gnostic de
s
machine é
l
ectriq
ues
.
”
Fran
ce,
Co
ll
e
c
ti
on
Lavoisi
er
,
0
4
-
2011,
376
p.
[8]
H.
A.
H.
Al
-
Kha
za
l
i
and
M.
R.
As
kar
i,
“Ge
om
etrical
and
Graphi
ca
l
Rep
rese
nt
at
i
ons
Analysis
o
f
Li
ss
aj
ous
Figur
e
s
in
Rotor
Dynamic
Sys
te
m
.
”
Jour
nal
of
Engi
n
ee
ri
ng
(IOSR)
,
vol
.
2,
no
.
5
,
pp
.
971
-
978,
2012
.
[9]
L.
E
l
Menz
h
i
an
d
A.
Saad
.
“
L
issajous
Curve
of
a
n
Auxili
ary
Wi
n
ding
Volta
g
e
Pa
rk
Compone
nts
f
or
Doubly
-
Fed
Induc
ti
on
Ma
chine
El
e
ct
r
ic
a
l
Fa
ult
s
Di
agnosis
.”
The
Journal
of
Adv
anc
ed
Mate
r
ial
s
Re
search
,
v
ol.
860
-
863,
pp
.
2223
-
2231,
201
4.
[10]
F.
El
Ham
mouchi,
L
.
E
l
Menz
h
i,
A.
Sa
ad,
Y.
I
hedr
ane
and
B.
Boss
oufi
.
“W
ind
turbi
ne
doub
ly
-
fed
as
ynchr
onou
s
ma
ch
ine
di
agno
sis
def
e
ct
s
usin
g
sta
tor
and
ro
tor
cur
ren
ts
li
ss
aj
ous
cur
ves
.
”
I
nte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
Powe
r
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Dr
iv
e
Syst
em
(I
J
PE
DS),
Vol
.
10,
No.
2,
pp.
961
-
9
70,
June
2019.
[11]
F.
E
L
H
am
mou
chi
,
L
.
El
Men
zhi
and
A.
Saa
d
.
“Dia
gnosis
Meth
od
for
Wind
Turb
ine
Dou
bly
Fed
Induc
tion
Gene
rat
or
under
Grid
Defe
ct
s
.
”
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
Inform
ati
on
Sc
ie
n
ce
&
Technol
ogy
-
I
JI
ST
,
Vol.
3
No.3
,
2019.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
2083
–
2090
2090
[12]
Qin
B.
,
Li
H.,
Z
hou
X.,
L
i
J
.
and
Li
u
W
.
“L
ow
-
V
olt
ag
e
Rid
e
-
Thr
ough
Techni
qu
e
s
in
DF
IG
-
Base
d
Wi
nd
Tu
rbines
:
A Re
vie
w
.
”
Ap
p
l.
S
ci.
vol
.
10
,
p
.
2154
,
2020
.
[13]
K.
Shanmukha
Rao
and
M.
v
ijay
Kumar
.
“
An
al
ysis
of
Doubl
y
Fed
Induc
ti
o
n
Gene
rat
or
un
der
Vari
es
Fau
l
t
Condit
ions
.
”
Jou
rnal
of Engi
ne
ering
R
ese
arch
an
d
Applications
,
Vol
.
3
,
No.
6,
pp
.
2102
-
2106
,
No
v
-
Dec
2013
.
[14]
O.
Anay
a
-
La
r
a,
N
.
Jenkins
,
J.
E
kana
yak
e,
P.
Ca
rtwright
and
M.
Hughes
.
“
Wi
nd
ene
rgy
gen
era
t
io
n:
Mode
li
ng
and
cont
rol
.”
Jhon
W
il
e
y
&
Sons
,
Lt
d
,
UK
,
2009.
[15]
M.
Adjoudj,
M.
Abid,
A.
Aiss
ao
ui,
Y.
R
am
d
ani
and
H.
Bounoua
.
“
Com
ma
nd
e
p
ar
Mode
Glissan
t
d’une
Ma
chi
ne
As
ynchr
one
à
D
oub
le
Al
imentati
on
Monté
dans
une
Eol
i
enne
.
”
Re
vu
e
‘Na
ture
e
t
Techno
logie’
,
N°2,
pp.
27
–
3
4,
2010.
[16]
F.
M.
Hughes,
O.
Anaya
-
L
ara,
N.
Jenkins
and
G.
Strbac
.
“
Co
ntrol
of
DF
IG
-
base
d
wind
fen
er
at
ion
for
power
net
work support
.
”
IE
EE
Tr
ansacti
on
on
Powe
r
Elec
troni
c
s
,
vo
l.
20
,
pp
.
1958
-
1968
.
Novembe
r
2005
.
[17]
H.
Abu
-
ub,
M.
Mali
nows
ki
and
K.
Al
-
H
adda
d
.
“
Pow
er
Elec
tron
ic
s
for
Ren
ewa
b
le
Ene
rgy
Sys
tems,
Tr
anspotatio
n
and
Industri
al Appli
c
at
ions
.”
I
E
EE
,
by
John
Wiley
&
Sons
,
L
td,
2014
.
[18]
P.
B.
Va
rva
d
iya,
P.
D
.
Pat
al
and
A.
McE
w
an
.
“
Mea
sureme
n
t
of
the
spee
d
of
so
und
in
ai
r
me
d
iu
m
using
Li
ss
aj
o
us
Patt
ern
s
.”
SS
RG
Int
ernati
onal
J
ournal
of
E
le
c
tric
al
and
Elec
tronic
s
Engi
ne
erin
g
(SSRG
-
IJ
EEE
)
,
vo
l.
2
,
no
.
11
,
Novembr
e
2015
.
[19]
H.
Cundy
and
A.
Rol
le
t
t
.
“
Li
ss
aj
o
us's
Figures
in
Mathe
m
at
i
ca
l
M
odel
s
.”
3rd
ed
.
S
tradbroke
,
Eng
land:
Ta
rquin
Pub.
1989.
[20]
A.
Gray,
"M
od
ern
Dif
fer
en
tial
Geome
try
of
Cu
rve
s
and
Surf
aces
with
Ma
the
m
at
i
ca
",
2nd
ed.
Boc
a
Rat
on
,
FL
:
CRC Press,
199
7.
[21]
H.
G.
Yiyang
.
“
Demonstra
t
ing
Li
ss
aj
ous
Figure
s
with
Matl
ab
a
nd
The
ir
Applicati
ons
.”
Journal
of
China
S
ci
en
c
e
and
Technol
og
y Information,
El
e
ct
ronic
& Indus
trial
Coll
ege
,
Yiy
ang
Hunan
4130
54,
2
,
Chin
a, 20
08.
[22]
B.
Boss
oufi,
M.
Kari
m,
S.
Ioni
ł
ă
and
A.
La
gr
io
ui
.
“
Per
forma
n
c
e
A
nal
ysis
of
th
e
Dire
ct
Torqu
e
Control
and
th
e
Space
V
ec
tor
Modulat
ion
for
Perma
n
ent
Ma
gnet
Synchrono
us
Motor
Drive
.”
Unive
rs
ity
o
f
Pitesti
Sc
ie
nt
ific
Bul
letin:
Elec
tronic
s
and
Comput
ers Sc
ie
n
ce
,
vo
l.10,
no
.
2
,
pp
23
-
34,
2010
[23]
G.
Abad,
J.
Lop
ez
,
M.
A.
Rodig
ue
z,
L
.
Marroyo
and
G.
Iwanski
.
“
Doubly
Fed
In
duct
ion
Ma
chi
n
e
Modeli
ng
And
Control
for
Wi
n
d
Ene
gy
Gen
era
t
ion
.
”
N
ew
Jerse
y,
John
W
il
e
y
&
Sons
,
Hoboke,
2011
by
the
Inst
it
ute
of
Elec
tri
c
a
l
and
E
le
c
tronics
Engi
ne
ers,
In
c, 2
011.
[24]
W.
Zha
ng
,
D.
Xu,
P.
N.
En
je
t
i,
H
.
L
i,
J.
T
.
Haw
ke
and
H
.
S.
Kri
shnamoort
hy
.
“S
urve
y
on
fau
lt
-
to
le
ran
t
te
chn
iques
for
power elect
r
onic
conve
rt
ers
.
”
IE
EE Tr
ansacti
ons on
Pow
er
E
le
c
tronic
s
,
vol. 2
9,
no
.
12
,
pp
.
63
19
–
6331,
2014
.
[25]
Mr.
Aouane
N.
a
nd
Mr.
Cha
mkh
a
S.
“Dé
t
ec
t
ion,
loc
a
li
sat
ion
e
t
r
e
co
nfiguration
d
e
déf
au
ts
ondule
u
r
à
d
eux
niv
ea
ux
appl
iqu
é
d
ans
la
co
mm
and
e
de
l
a
ma
ch
ine
asyn
chr
one
à
c
age
.
”
Facu
lt
é
d
es
Sci
enc
es
de
l’Ing
é
nie
ur,
Uni
ve
rs
ité
M’HAME
D B
O
UG
AR
A
-
BOUMER
DES
,
Algér
ie,
Juin 2
017.
[26]
B.
D
.
E.
Ch
eri
f
and
A
.
B
endiab
del
l
ah
.
“De
tection
of
Tw
o
-
L
evel
Inv
erter
Open
-
Circ
uit
Fau
lt
Us
ing
a
Combi
n
ed
DWT
-
NN
Approac
h
.
”
Journal
o
f
Control
Scienc
e
and
Engi
n
ee
ri
ng
,
vol
.
2018
,
A
rti
cle
ID
197683
6,
p
.
11
.
2018
[27]
F.
Potie
rs,
T
.
B
ouaoui
ch
e
and
M.
Mac
hmoum
.
“Adva
nce
d
con
trol
of
a
doub
ly
–
fed
induction
g
ene
ra
tor
f
or
win
d
ene
rgy conversi
on
.
”
Elec
tri
c Po
wer
Syste
ms
Re
s
earc
h
,
vo
l.
79,
n
o.
7
,
pp
.
1085
-
1
096,
July 2
009
.
[28]
L.
EL
Menz
hi
a
nd
A.
Sa
ad
.
“Li
ss
aj
ous
Curve
o
f
an
Auxiliary
Wi
nding
Volta
g
e
Park
Compon
ent
for
Diagnosi
ng
Multi
ple
Op
e
n
Sw
it
che
s
Faul
ts
in
Thre
e
Phas
e
In
v
ert
er
.
”
Appl
i
ed
Me
chanics
and
Mate
rials
Vol.
6
72
-
674
,
pp
1224
-
1233,
2014
.
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Sara
Kharoubi
was
born
in
M
oroc
co
on
Sept
em
ber
9th
,
199
1.
In
2015
,
She
recei
v
ed
th
e
Engi
ne
er
d
egr
e
e
in
Mec
ha
tronic
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
fro
m
th
e
Na
ti
on
al
School
of
Appli
ed
Sci
ences
(ENSA
)
Abdel
ma
l
ek
Essaa
di
Univer
sity
of
Morocc
o
in
Tét
ouan.
She
is
a
PhD
student
in
el
e
ct
ri
ca
l
en
gin
e
eri
ng
a
t
Innova
t
ive
T
ec
hnolog
ies
La
bora
tory
(L
TI)
of
ENSA
Ta
ngie
r
sin
ce
Dec
em
b
er
2016
.
She
is
int
er
ested
in
el
e
ct
r
ic
a
l
m
ac
hin
es
contro
l,
on
li
n
e
di
agnosi
s
def
ects
in
wind
turbi
n
es,
a
nd
their
in
te
gr
at
i
on
in
gr
id.
La
miaa
El
Men
zhi
is
a
prof
essor
in
Abdel
amalekEss
aa
di
Univ
er
sity
in
Moroc
co
since
2010
.
On
2002,
She
g
ot
her
High
De
epe
ned
Studie
s
Diplom
a
in
e
lec
tri
c
al
m
ac
h
ine
s
in
elec
tri
c
al
engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
the
High
Na
tional
School
of
E
le
c
tri
c
it
y
and
Mec
han
ic
s
ENSE
M
in
Hass
an
2
Univer
sity
in
C
asa
bla
n
ca.
From
2002
unti
l
200
4,
she
was
a
r
e
sea
rch
studen
t
i
n
one
of
th
e
unive
rsities
in
j
apa
n.
On
2009,
she
obtained
h
er
Doc
tor
degr
e
e,
the
n
h
er
Ha
b
il
itati
on
as
a
profe
ss
or
rese
ar
che
r
on
2016
f
rom
Hass
an
2
Univer
sity
in
C
asa
bla
n
ca
(ESE
M).
She
is
int
er
este
d
in
el
e
ct
ri
ca
l
m
ac
hin
es
cont
ro
l
and
on
-
li
ne
dia
gnosis
ei
th
er
used
as
a
mot
or
or
a
gene
ra
tor
in
wi
nd
turbi
n
es.
L
a
mi
a
a
E
l
Menz
h
i
is
a
member
a
nd
advi
sor
of
t
he
Morocc
an
Cent
er
of
Polyt
e
chni
c
al
R
ese
ar
ch
and
Innov
ation
since
2015
.
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