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el
y
id
en
ti
f
y
i
n
g
a
n
d
lo
ca
tin
g
in
cip
ie
n
t
f
au
l
ts
[
4
]
.
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
i
n
ac
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
n
o
r
m
al
l
y
f
ed
b
y
v
o
lta
g
e
-
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
s
(
VSI
)
,
s
u
c
h
d
r
iv
e
s
ar
e
s
e
n
s
it
iv
e
to
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
k
i
n
d
s
o
f
f
a
u
lts
,
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
s
u
ch
f
a
u
lt
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
,
t
h
e
d
r
iv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
to
p
p
ed
f
o
r
a
n
o
p
r
ep
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
m
ain
te
n
an
ce
s
c
h
ed
u
le,
w
h
ic
h
co
s
t
s
v
er
y
h
i
g
h
.
So
,
t
h
i
s
w
ar
r
an
t
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
in
cip
ie
n
t f
au
lt d
etec
ti
n
g
to
o
ls
a
n
d
tech
n
i
q
u
es [
5
]
.
I
n
v
ar
iab
le
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
I
n
d
u
cti
o
n
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e,
i
f
a
n
y
o
f
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
s
u
p
p
l
y
li
n
es
d
i
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
d
u
e
to
f
au
lt
in
s
u
p
p
l
y
lin
e
s
o
r
m
al
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
an
y
d
ev
ice
i
n
co
n
v
er
ter
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
co
n
j
o
in
th
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
a
n
d
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
,
ca
u
s
es
d
r
iv
e
to
r
u
n
i
n
s
in
g
le
p
h
a
s
e
o
p
er
atio
n
ca
lled
f
a
u
lt
to
ler
an
t
m
o
d
e.
Su
ch
co
n
d
itio
n
allo
w
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
t
h
e
u
n
d
esira
b
le
to
r
q
u
e
p
u
ls
atio
n
s
w
h
ic
h
m
u
s
t
b
e
n
u
lli
f
ied
an
d
lo
ad
to
r
q
u
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
to
p
r
o
tect
th
e
d
r
i
v
e
f
r
o
m
f
u
r
th
er
d
eter
io
r
atio
n
.
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
s
t
u
d
ies.
2.
F
AST
F
O
URI
E
R
T
RANSF
O
RM
(
F
F
T
)
I
n
n
o
v
at
iv
e
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
in
f
in
d
i
n
g
f
au
lt
p
lay
v
ital
r
o
l
e
an
d
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
s
u
ch
tech
n
i
q
u
e
is
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
d
r
asti
ca
ll
y
,
w
h
ic
h
also
,
e
n
h
a
n
ce
s
th
e
d
ep
en
d
ab
ilit
y
o
n
s
u
ch
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
Fas
t
Fo
u
r
ier
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
is
(
FF
T
)
,
to
s
o
m
e
ex
te
n
t,
h
elp
s
i
n
f
i
n
d
in
g
th
e
f
a
u
lt
i
n
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
m
an
n
er
w
h
ic
h
m
a
y
h
elp
p
r
ep
lan
n
ed
o
r
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ed
s
c
h
ed
u
le
i
n
p
r
o
te
ctin
g
th
e
d
r
iv
e
f
r
o
m
ca
tast
r
o
p
h
ic
f
a
u
lt
s
.
T
o
r
ec
o
g
n
iz
e
v
ar
io
u
s
m
o
to
r
f
au
lts
,
FF
T
alg
o
r
ith
m
can
be
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
,
an
d
th
e
f
o
ll
o
w
in
g
eq
u
ati
o
n
s
can
be
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
co
m
p
u
te
th
e
a
m
p
litu
d
e
an
d
p
h
ase
v
er
s
u
s
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
FF
T
[
7
]
.
√
(
1
)
P
h
as
e
s
p
e
ct
r
u
m
in
R
ad
ian
s
=
Ph
ase
[
FF
T
(
A
)
]
=
ar
ctan
g
en
t
(
)
(
2
)
W
h
e
r
e
th
e
ar
ctan
g
en
t
f
u
n
cti
o
n
h
er
e
r
etu
r
n
s
v
alu
es
of
p
h
ase
b
e
t
w
ee
n
-
π
an
d
+
π
,
a
f
u
ll
r
an
g
e
of
2
π
r
ad
ian
s
.
Usi
n
g
th
e
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
to
p
o
lar
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
f
u
n
cti
o
n
to
co
n
v
e
r
t
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ar
r
ay
to
it
s
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
an
d
p
h
ase
(
Φ
)
is
e
q
u
iv
a
len
t
to
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
ec
e
d
in
g
f
o
r
m
u
lae.
T
o
v
iew
th
e
a
m
p
litu
d
e
s
p
e
ct
r
u
m
in
r
m
s
v
o
lts
(
o
r
an
o
th
er
q
u
an
tity
)
,
d
iv
i
d
e
th
e
n
o
n
-
DC
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
by
th
e
s
q
u
ar
e
r
o
o
t
of
2
af
t
er
co
n
v
e
r
tin
g
th
e
s
p
e
ct
r
u
m
to
th
e
s
in
g
l
e
-
s
id
ed
f
o
r
m
.
B
e
ca
u
s
e
th
e
n
o
n
-
DC
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
w
er
e
m
u
ltip
li
ed
by
tw
o
to
co
n
v
er
t
f
r
o
m
tw
o
-
s
id
ed
to
s
in
g
le
-
s
i
d
e
d
f
o
r
m
,
th
e
r
m
s
a
m
p
litu
d
e
s
p
e
ct
r
u
m
can
be
ca
l
cu
la
te
d
d
ir
e
ctly
f
r
o
m
th
e
t
w
o
-
s
id
e
d
a
m
p
litu
d
e
s
p
e
ct
r
u
m
by
m
u
ltip
ly
in
g
th
e
n
o
n
-
DC
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
by
th
e
s
q
u
ar
e
r
o
o
t
of
tw
o
an
d
d
is
c
ar
d
in
g
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
h
alf
of
th
e
a
r
r
ay
.
T
h
e
f
o
ll
o
w
in
g
eq
u
ati
o
n
s
s
h
o
w
th
e
en
tire
c
o
m
p
u
tati
o
n
f
r
o
m
a
tw
o
-
s
id
ed
FF
T
to
a
s
in
g
l
e
s
i
d
e
d
am
p
litu
d
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
7
:
7
2
2
–
7
2
9
724
Am
p
litu
d
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
in
r
m
s
=
√
f
o
r
i
=
1
to
=
f
o
r
i
=
(
4)
W
h
e
r
e
„
i‟
is
th
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
lin
e
n
u
m
b
er
(
a
r
r
ay
in
d
ex
)
o
f
FF
T
o
f
A
.
T
o
v
iew
p
h
ase
s
p
ec
t
r
u
m
in
d
eg
r
ee
s
,
th
e
f
o
ll
o
w
in
g
E
q
u
ati
o
n
ca
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
:
p
h
ase
s
p
e
ctr
u
m
in
d
eg
r
ee
s
=
Ph
ase
FF
T
(
A
)
(
5)
T
h
e
am
p
litu
d
e
s
p
ec
t
r
u
m
is
clo
s
e
ly
r
ela
te
d
t
o
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
p
e
ct
r
u
m
.
Sin
g
le
s
id
e
d
p
o
w
er
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
u
te
d
b
y
s
q
u
a
r
in
g
s
in
g
le
-
s
id
e
d
r
m
s
am
p
litu
d
e
s
p
e
ct
r
u
m
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
th
e
am
p
litu
d
e
c
an
b
e
co
m
p
u
te
d
b
y
ta
k
in
g
s
q
u
ar
e
r
o
o
t
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
p
e
ct
r
u
m
[
8
]
.
3.
WAVE
L
E
T
T
RANSF
O
RM
(
WT
)
Fo
u
r
i
e
r
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
e
s
a
s
ig
n
al
in
to
a
f
am
ily
of
co
m
p
lex
s
in
u
s
o
i
d
s
,
w
h
er
ea
s
th
e
w
av
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
d
e
c
o
m
p
o
s
es
a
s
ig
n
al
in
to
a
f
am
ily
of
w
av
elets,
w
h
ich
ar
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
s
in
u
s
o
id
s
,
i.
e.
th
ey
m
a
y
b
e
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
o
r
asy
m
m
etr
i
c,
p
r
o
p
e
r
o
r
im
p
r
o
p
e
r
s
h
a
p
e
an
d
co
n
t
in
u
o
u
s
.
T
h
e
w
av
elets
clan
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
e
au
g
m
en
ted
an
d
t
r
an
s
l
at
ed
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
s
of
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
th
is
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
f
u
n
cti
o
n
is
ca
ll
ed
a
m
o
th
e
r
w
a
v
elet.
T
h
e
s
c
ale
an
d
s
h
if
t
of
w
av
elets
d
e
te
r
m
in
e
h
o
w
th
e
m
o
th
er
w
av
elet
au
g
m
en
ts
an
d
tr
an
s
lat
es
alo
n
g
th
e
t
im
e
or
s
p
a
ce
a
x
is
.
T
h
e
t
r
u
s
te
d
r
esu
l
ts
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
w
av
elets
s
in
ce
th
e
w
av
elets
p
at
te
r
n
s
c
an
b
e
s
el
ec
te
d
b
ase
d
o
n
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
f
au
lt
s
ig
n
als
[
9
]
-
[
1
0
]
.
B
e
ca
u
s
e
o
f
l
o
ca
l
iz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
w
av
elets
in
b
o
th
tim
e
an
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
,
th
ey
h
av
e
lim
ited
t
im
e
d
u
r
ati
o
n
an
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
b
an
d
w
id
th
an
d
its
l
o
c
ali
za
ti
o
n
p
r
o
p
er
ty
ca
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
to
r
e
p
r
esen
t
a
s
ig
n
al
w
ith
a
f
ew
co
ef
f
ic
ien
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Pe
r
f
ec
t
R
e
co
n
s
t
r
u
ct
i
o
n
(
P
R
)
f
ilt
er
b
an
k
s
y
s
tem
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
a
ty
p
ica
l
tw
o
-
ch
an
n
el
P
e
r
f
ec
t
R
ec
o
n
s
t
r
u
ct
i
o
n
(
P
R
)
f
il
te
r
b
an
k
s
y
s
tem
.
A
t
f
ir
s
t
th
e
s
ig
n
al
X(
z)
is
f
ilt
er
e
d
b
y
a
f
ilter
b
an
k
w
h
ich
co
n
tain
s
G
0
(
z
)
an
d
G1
(
z)
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
o
f
G
0
(
z
)
an
d
G
1
(
z
)
th
en
ar
e
d
o
w
n
s
a
m
p
led
b
y
a
f
ac
to
r
o
f
2
.
On
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
th
e
m
o
d
if
ied
s
ig
n
als
a
r
e
u
p
s
am
p
le
d
b
y
a
f
ac
to
r
o
f
2
an
d
f
ilte
r
e
d
b
y
an
o
th
er
f
il
te
r
b
an
k
co
n
s
is
t
in
g
o
f
H
0
(
z)
an
d
H
1
(
z)
.
I
n
c
ase
o
f
n
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
d
o
n
e
b
etw
ee
n
t
w
o
f
ilte
r
b
an
k
s
,
t
o
t
al
o
u
t
p
u
t v
alu
e
o
f
H
0
(
z)
an
d
H1
(
z
)
is
lik
e
th
e
in
it
ial
s
ig
n
al
X(
z
)
,
ex
c
e
p
t f
o
r
th
e
t
im
e
d
el
ay
.
I
n
th
is
tw
o
-
ch
an
n
el
PR
f
ilt
er
b
an
k
,
G
0
(
z
)
an
d
G
1
(
z
)
f
o
r
m
s
an
aly
s
is
f
ilter
b
an
k
,
an
d
H
0
(
z
)
an
d
H
1
(
z
)
f
o
r
m
s
s
y
n
th
esis
f
ilter
b
an
k
.
G
0
(
z
)
an
d
H
0
(
z
)
ar
e
u
s
u
a
l
l
y
lo
w
p
ass
f
ilt
er
s
,
an
d
G
1
(
z
)
an
d
H
1
(
z
)
ar
e
n
o
r
m
ally
h
ig
h
p
ass
f
ilter
s
.
T
h
e
lo
w
p
ass
f
ilter
s
an
d
h
ig
h
p
ass
f
ilte
r
s
a
r
e
in
d
ica
te
d
b
y
s
u
b
s
cr
i
p
t
0
an
d
1
r
es
p
e
ctiv
e
ly
.
T
h
e
o
p
e
r
ati
o
n
2
d
en
o
tes
a
d
ec
im
ati
o
n
of
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
by
a
f
ac
to
r
of
t
w
o
an
d
u
s
i
n
g
d
ec
im
atio
n
f
ac
t
o
r
s
to
th
e
s
ig
n
al
c
o
n
f
i
r
m
s
th
at
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
of
o
u
tp
u
t
s
am
p
le
s
of
th
e
tw
o
lo
w
p
ass
f
ilter
s
e
q
u
al
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
of
in
itial
in
p
u
t
s
a
m
p
les
X
(
z
)
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
no
s
u
p
e
r
f
lu
o
u
s
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
ad
d
e
d
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
e
co
m
p
o
s
iti
o
n
.
T
w
o
-
ch
an
n
el
PR
f
il
te
r
b
an
k
s
y
s
tem
can
be
u
s
ed
an
d
co
n
s
ec
u
tiv
e
ly
d
e
c
o
m
p
o
s
e
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
ts
o
f
lo
w
p
ass
f
ilt
e
r
s
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
2.
Hig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
ig
n
al
a
r
e
e
l
i
m
in
a
t
e
d
b
y
lo
w
p
ass
f
ilter
s
an
d
p
r
es
er
v
e
s
l
o
w
tr
en
d
s
,
an
d
th
es
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
of
lo
w
p
ass
f
ilte
r
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
of
th
e
s
ig
n
al.
o
n
th
e
o
th
e
r
h
an
d
,
th
e
h
ig
h
p
as
s
f
i
l
t
e
r
s
d
is
c
a
r
d
th
e
s
l
o
w
tr
en
d
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
ig
n
al
an
d
p
r
ese
r
v
e
h
ig
h
-
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
f
lu
ctu
ati
o
n
s
an
d
th
es
e
o
u
t
p
u
ts
of
h
ig
h
p
ass
f
il
te
r
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
ela
b
o
r
at
e
s
ig
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
ts
of
lo
w
p
ass
f
ilte
r
s
an
d
h
ig
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
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SS
N:
2
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8
8
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694
I
n
cip
ien
t F
a
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lt De
tectio
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o
f th
e
I
n
ve
r
ter F
ed
I
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d
u
ctio
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Mo
to
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Dri
ve
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V
en
ka
ta
R
a
ma
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lte
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ef
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e
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ap
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o
x
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co
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icien
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d
e
la
b
o
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ate
c
o
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f
ic
ien
ts
,
r
es
p
e
ctiv
e
ly
.
Sy
m
b
o
ls
A
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d
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in
Fig
u
r
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3
r
e
p
r
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en
t
th
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a
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o
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b
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at
e
in
f
o
r
m
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,
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es
p
e
ctiv
ely
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Dis
cr
ete
W
av
elet
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
E
la
b
o
r
ate
c
o
ef
f
icien
ts
c
an
be
ca
ll
e
d
w
av
e
le
t
co
ef
f
icien
ts
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
elab
o
r
a
te
c
o
ef
f
ici
en
ts
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ate
th
e
in
n
er
p
r
o
d
u
cts
of
th
e
s
ig
n
al
an
d
w
av
elets.
T
h
e
W
av
el
et
A
n
aly
s
is
T
o
o
ls
u
s
e
th
e
s
u
b
s
c
r
i
p
ts
0
an
d
1
to
d
esc
r
i
b
e
th
e
d
e
c
o
m
p
o
s
it
io
n
p
a
th
,
w
h
er
e
0
in
d
ic
ate
s
lo
w
p
ass
f
ilt
er
in
g
an
d
1
i
n
d
ic
ates
h
ig
h
p
as
s
f
ilte
r
in
g
.
F
o
r
ex
am
p
le
,
D
2
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
d
en
o
t
es
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
of
t
w
o
ca
s
ca
d
e
d
f
il
te
r
in
g
o
p
e
r
a
ti
o
n
s
-
lo
w
p
ass
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ilte
r
in
g
f
o
llo
w
ed
by
h
ig
h
p
ass
f
ilte
r
in
g
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
th
is
d
e
co
m
p
o
s
iti
o
n
p
a
th
c
an
be
d
es
cr
ib
ed
w
ith
th
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
01.
Sim
ilar
ly
,
D
L
r
ep
r
es
en
ts
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
of
th
e
f
ilte
r
in
g
o
p
e
r
ati
o
n
s
0
0
0
.
.
.
1
in
w
h
ich
th
e
to
t
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
0
is
L
–
1
.
T
h
e
im
p
u
ls
e
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
of
0
0
0
.
.
.
1
c
o
n
v
e
r
g
es
asy
m
p
to
ti
ca
l
ly
to
th
e
m
o
th
er
w
av
elet
an
d
th
e
im
p
u
ls
e
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
of
0
0
0
.
.
.
0
c
o
n
v
er
g
es
to
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e
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ca
l
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g
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
th
e
w
av
elet
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
[
9
,
7
,
11]
4.
F
AIL
UR
E
M
E
CH
ANIS
M
I
N
I
NVE
RT
E
R
T
h
e
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
d
ev
ices
wh
ich
ar
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
in
p
o
w
er
i
n
v
er
ter
cir
cu
its
n
ee
d
to
w
it
h
s
t
an
d
in
a
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
in
v
o
lv
in
g
h
as
t
y
s
p
ee
d
v
ar
iatio
n
,
f
r
eq
u
e
n
t
s
to
p
p
in
g
a
n
d
s
tar
tin
g
a
n
d
f
r
eq
u
en
t
o
v
er
lo
ad
in
g
.
E
v
e
n
th
o
u
g
h
,
th
e
au
x
iliar
y
s
n
u
b
b
er
cir
cu
its
h
elp
in
s
u
p
p
r
ess
in
g
th
e
s
u
d
d
en
o
v
er
-
c
u
r
r
en
t
an
d
o
v
e
r
-
v
o
lta
g
e,
h
o
w
ev
er
,
th
e
in
h
er
en
t
in
cip
ie
n
t
f
a
u
lt
s
d
u
e
to
d
io
d
e
s
h
o
r
tin
g
,
etc.
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
n
eg
lecte
d
an
d
m
u
s
t
b
e
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
to
av
o
id
f
au
lt
escalatio
n
i
n
to
th
e
d
ee
p
er
cir
cu
its
,
w
h
ic
h
h
elp
s
in
p
r
o
tectin
g
th
e
d
r
iv
e
f
r
o
m
lar
g
er
d
a
m
ag
e
s
an
d
in
tu
r
n
f
i
n
an
cia
l lo
s
s
es.
[
1
2
]
-
[
1
3
]
.
E
lectr
ical
o
v
er
Stre
s
s
(
E
OS)
is
a
f
ailu
r
e
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
w
h
ic
h
o
cc
u
r
s
w
h
e
n
th
e
d
ev
ice
is
d
r
iv
e
n
o
f
f
f
r
o
m
th
e
Sa
f
e
Op
er
ati
n
g
A
r
ea
(
S
O
A
)
a
n
d
th
i
s
i
s
n
o
r
m
a
ll
y
d
u
e
t
o
o
v
er
s
tr
ess
es
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
s
u
d
d
en
ch
a
n
g
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
d
ev
ice
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
r
e
s
u
l
tin
g
i
n
to
ca
tast
r
o
p
h
ic
f
au
l
t.
T
h
e
o
th
e
r
class
o
f
f
ail
u
r
es
i
s
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
i
n
tr
i
n
s
ic
asp
ec
t
o
f
a
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
an
d
b
e
a
f
atig
u
e
e
f
f
ec
t.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
it
is
k
n
o
w
n
t
h
at,
t
h
e
in
ter
n
al
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ice
co
u
ld
b
e
p
er
m
an
e
n
tl
y
alter
ed
d
u
e
to
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
win
g
t
h
o
u
g
h
it
cu
l
m
i
n
ati
n
g
i
n
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
f
ai
lu
r
e
ev
en
w
h
e
n
th
e
d
ev
ice
is
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
w
i
th
i
n
S
O
A
[
1
]
.
E
OS
,
is
a
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
w
h
er
e
elec
tr
ical
s
ig
n
al
s
ap
p
lied
to
a
cir
cu
it
o
r
a
d
ev
ice
ex
ce
ed
n
o
r
m
al
o
p
er
atin
g
v
a
lu
e
s
.
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
li
ter
atu
r
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
y
I
n
tel
i
n
d
icate
s
t
h
at
E
O
S
is
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
n
e
ca
u
s
e
f
o
r
d
am
a
g
i
n
g
th
e
I
C
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
.
E
OS
u
s
u
all
y
lead
s
to
ca
tast
r
o
p
h
ic
f
a
u
lts
i
n
v
o
l
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
y
s
te
m
p
r
o
tectio
n
an
d
n
o
m
at
ter
w
h
a
t
is
d
ep
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
p
r
ev
en
ti
v
e
d
iag
n
o
s
t
ics.
A
t
y
p
ical
ex
a
m
p
le
o
f
E
OS
i
n
d
u
ce
d
f
ail
u
r
e
in
p
o
w
er
co
n
v
er
ter
s
a
p
p
licatio
n
is
h
i
g
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
b
r
e
ak
d
o
w
n
:
t
h
i
s
f
a
ilu
r
e
s
h
o
u
ld
o
b
v
io
u
s
l
y
b
e
a
v
o
id
ed
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
o
v
er
-
v
o
lta
g
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
.
P
o
w
er
-
f
r
eq
u
en
t
u
n
d
er
-
v
o
ltag
e
s
m
a
y
also
lead
to
tr
ip
p
in
g
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
i
f
n
o
t
t
h
e
co
n
d
en
s
er
ca
p
ac
it
y
is
h
i
g
h
en
o
u
g
h
.
So
m
e
t
y
p
es
o
f
f
a
u
lt
s
,
t
h
at
n
o
t
al
w
a
y
s
lead
to
a
f
ail
u
r
e,
f
o
r
in
s
ta
n
ce
t
h
at
th
e
m
o
to
r
is
n
o
t
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
s
m
o
o
t
h
l
y
,
ar
e
t
y
p
ical
f
o
r
leg
ac
y
VFD
s
.
Su
c
h
f
au
lts
ca
n
b
e
tr
ac
ed
b
ac
k
to
th
e
DC
-
b
u
s
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
,
o
r
to
ag
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
in
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l c
ir
cu
it
s
[
1
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
7
:
7
2
2
–
7
2
9
726
5.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
AND
DIS
CUSS
I
O
N
T
h
e
f
au
lt
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
w
er
e
s
tu
d
ied
b
y
s
i
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
ata
an
a
l
y
s
is
h
a
s
b
ee
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
o
n
s
elec
ted
f
a
u
lts
u
s
i
n
g
FF
T
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
I
n
v
er
ter
f
ed
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
Ma
ch
i
n
e
r
ati
n
g
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
Si
m
u
latio
n
s
t
u
d
ies.
S
l
.
n
o
.
P
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
s
R
a
t
i
n
g
s
1
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
n
a
me
p
l
a
t
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
4
1
5
V
,
3
h
p
,
5
0
H
z
,
1
4
4
0
R
P
M
2
S
t
a
t
o
r
r
e
si
st
a
n
c
e
p
e
r
p
h
a
se
(
R
s
)
0
.
0
4
5
3
P
U
3
S
t
a
t
o
r
l
e
a
k
a
g
e
r
e
a
c
t
a
n
c
e
p
e
r
p
h
a
se
(
X
ls
)
0
.
0
7
7
5
P
U
4
M
u
t
u
a
l
r
e
a
c
t
a
n
c
e
p
e
r
p
h
a
se
(
X
m
)
2
.
0
4
2
0
P
U
5
R
o
t
o
r
R
e
si
st
a
n
c
e
p
e
r
p
h
a
se
(
R
r
)
0
.
0
2
2
2
P
U
6
R
o
t
o
r
L
e
a
k
a
g
e
R
e
a
c
t
a
n
c
e
p
e
r
p
h
a
se
(
R
r
)
0
.
0
3
2
2
2
P
U
7
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
i
n
e
r
t
i
a
(
H
)
1
.
0
P
U
5
.
1
.
F
a
s
t
F
o
urier
T
ra
ns
f
o
r
m
(
FFT
)
Un
d
er
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
l
y
v
ar
y
i
n
g
l
o
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ac
cu
r
ate
f
a
u
lt
d
etec
tio
n
in
th
e
d
r
i
v
e
o
r
p
ar
ts
o
f
d
r
iv
e
i
s
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t.
T
h
e
FF
T
is
u
s
e
f
u
l
i
n
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
f
ail
u
r
es
in
th
e
s
tatic
s
i
g
n
als
d
u
e
to
its
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
in
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
o
n
l
y
.
A
l
s
o
,
th
e
FF
T
-
b
ased
Mo
to
r
C
u
r
r
en
t
Si
g
n
at
u
r
e
An
al
y
s
is
r
elies
o
n
s
id
eb
an
d
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
ar
o
u
n
d
ele
m
en
ta
l
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
f
a
u
lt
d
etec
tio
n
w
h
e
r
e
th
e
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
o
f
s
id
e
-
b
a
n
d
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
v
ar
ies
alo
n
g
w
it
h
lo
ad
,
an
d
th
er
e
f
o
r
e,
it is
m
o
r
e
ap
t to
d
etec
t f
au
lt
u
n
d
er
b
alan
ce
d
lo
ad
b
u
t n
o
t in
v
ar
y
i
n
g
lo
ad
s
[
1
5
]
.
Ob
s
er
v
i
n
g
s
li
g
h
t
c
h
an
g
e
s
i
n
th
e
m
a
g
n
i
tu
d
e
o
f
h
ea
lt
h
y
FF
T
s
ig
n
al
in
t
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
an
d
s
i
g
n
al
s
u
n
d
er
f
a
u
lt
co
n
d
itio
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
,
F
ig
u
r
e
5
(
a)
an
d
F
ig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
a
u
lt
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
p
er
io
d
s
.
A
l
s
o
,
th
ese
F
ig
u
r
es
d
i
s
p
la
y
t
h
e
s
u
m
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
u
n
d
er
f
au
lt
y
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
b
u
t
in
d
icate
s
n
o
f
a
u
lt
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
ti
m
e.
T
o
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
F
F
T
s
ig
n
al
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
au
l
t
v
ar
iatio
n
in
ti
m
e
s
h
o
w
s
th
at,
as
p
er
Heisen
b
er
g
Un
ce
r
tai
n
t
y
p
r
in
c
ip
le,
"b
an
d
w
id
t
h
"
(
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
s
p
r
ea
d
)
an
d
"
d
u
r
atio
n
"
(
tem
p
o
r
al
s
p
r
ea
d
)
ca
n
n
o
t
m
o
d
i
f
ied
ar
b
itra
r
il
y
s
m
al
l
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
class
ical
Fo
u
r
ier
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
allo
w
s
y
o
u
to
m
ak
e
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
w
it
h
ze
r
o
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
:
th
e
e
v
alu
a
tio
n
f
^(
k
)
te
lls
u
s
p
r
ec
is
el
y
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
k
.
B
u
t
b
y
d
o
in
g
s
o
y
o
u
lo
s
e
all
co
n
tr
o
l
o
n
s
p
atial
d
u
r
atio
n
:
y
o
u
d
o
n
o
t
k
n
o
w
w
h
en
i
n
ti
m
e
th
e
s
ig
n
al
is
s
o
u
n
d
ed
.
i.e
.
ab
s
o
lu
te
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
n
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
ze
r
o
co
n
tr
o
l
o
n
te
m
p
o
r
al
s
p
r
ea
d
.
Du
e
to
th
is
r
ea
s
o
n
t
h
e
FF
T
s
i
g
n
a
l
w
ill
n
o
t
clea
r
l
y
m
en
tio
n
f
a
u
lt
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
ti
m
in
g
i
n
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
So
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
m
a
y
n
o
t
ab
le
to
d
ec
id
e
to
r
esch
ed
u
le
th
e
d
r
iv
e
to
d
eg
r
ad
ed
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
if
p
o
s
s
ib
le,
o
r
m
a
y
n
o
t
ab
le
to
b
r
ea
k
th
e
c
ir
cu
it
at
ea
r
lier
s
tag
e
o
f
f
au
lt
y
s
ig
n
al
t
o
av
o
id
escalatio
n
o
f
f
a
u
lt
in
t
o
o
th
er
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
e
[
1
2
]
,
[
16
].
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
(
a)
FF
T
s
ig
n
al
f
o
r
h
e
alth
y
d
r
i
v
e,
(
b
)
FF
T
s
ig
n
al
f
o
r
0
.
1
s
ec
f
au
lt
y
o
p
en
p
er
io
d
(
0
.
4
-
0
.
5
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
to
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
t
h
e
FF
T
s
ig
n
al
s
ar
e
d
i
s
p
la
y
ed
f
o
r
h
ea
lth
y
d
r
iv
e
to
f
au
l
t
y
d
r
iv
e
s
i
g
n
al
s
.
T
h
e
f
au
lt
y
s
ig
n
al
s
ar
e
in
d
escen
d
in
g
o
r
d
er
o
f
f
au
l
t
p
er
io
d
s
,
i.e
.
th
e
f
au
lt
p
er
io
d
o
f
0
.
1
s
ec
,
0
.
0
1
s
ec
,
an
d
0
.
0
0
1
s
ec
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
ese
f
ilter
ed
p
o
w
er
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
s
ig
n
al
s
s
h
o
w
s
li
g
h
t
c
h
an
g
es
f
r
o
m
h
ea
lt
h
y
s
i
g
n
als i
n
m
a
g
n
i
tu
d
e
o
f
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
o
m
a
in
b
u
t
n
o
f
a
u
lt
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
ti
m
e.
I
f
t
h
e
f
au
lt
h
as
b
ee
n
id
en
tifie
d
at
ea
r
lier
s
ta
g
e
w
it
h
clea
r
f
au
l
t
in
itiat
io
n
ti
m
e,
t
h
e
ch
a
n
ce
o
f
r
esch
ed
u
li
n
g
t
h
e
d
r
iv
e
w
it
h
m
o
d
i
f
ied
cir
cu
it
to
r
u
n
in
d
e
g
r
ad
ed
m
o
d
e
if
d
r
iv
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
p
er
m
its
o
r
to
b
r
ea
k
t
h
e
cir
c
u
it
to
p
r
o
tect
t
h
e
d
r
iv
e
f
r
o
m
f
atal
d
a
m
a
g
e
i
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
As
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
ti
m
i
n
g
is
n
o
t p
r
ec
is
e,
s
o
th
e
i
m
m
ed
iate
ac
tio
n
to
p
r
o
tect
th
e
d
r
iv
e
g
ets d
ela
y
ed
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
cip
ien
t F
a
u
lt De
tectio
n
o
f th
e
I
n
ve
r
ter F
ed
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
Mo
to
r
Dri
ve
(
D.
V
en
ka
ta
R
a
ma
n
a
)
727
Fig
ur
e 5.
(
a)
FF
T si
g
na
l
f
o
r
0.01 se
c f
aul
t
y
open pe
r
i
od
(
0.5
-
0.51)
(
b
)
FF
T
s
i
g
nal
f
o
r
0.001
se
c f
au
l
t
y
open p
er
i
od
(
0.5
-
0.501)
5
.
2
.
Wa
v
elet
T
ra
ns
f
o
r
m
(
W
T
)
Fo
r
n
o
n
p
er
io
d
ic,
n
o
n
s
tatio
n
ar
y
,
s
h
o
r
t d
u
r
atio
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
u
l
s
e
s
u
p
er
-
i
m
p
o
s
ed
n
atu
r
e
s
ig
n
al
s
t
h
e
w
a
v
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
u
itab
le
to
o
l
f
o
r
th
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
.
So
,
th
e
w
av
e
let
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
W
T
)
is
a
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
to
o
l
f
o
r
th
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
tr
an
s
ien
t
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
a,
d
u
e
to
i
ts
ab
ilit
y
to
ex
tr
ac
t
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
tr
a
n
s
ie
n
t
s
ig
n
al
s
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
i
n
t
h
e
ti
m
e
a
n
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
o
m
a
in
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
,
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
w
a
v
elet
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
ac
cu
r
ate
cla
s
s
i
f
i
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
c
h
an
g
e
i
n
th
e
wav
e
s
h
ap
e
d
u
e
to
f
au
l
t o
c
cu
r
r
en
ce
is
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
.
E
ar
ly
d
iag
n
o
s
i
s
ca
n
h
e
lp
to
av
o
id
u
n
p
lan
n
ed
s
ta
n
d
s
t
ill,
t
o
m
ak
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
r
u
n
an
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
o
p
er
atio
n
in
ca
s
e
o
f
a
f
a
u
lt
o
r
to
k
ee
p
th
e
ti
m
e
to
r
ep
air
s
h
o
r
t
in
ca
s
e
o
f
a
f
a
u
lt.
T
h
e
W
T
s
ig
n
al
aid
s
i
n
d
ec
is
io
n
tak
i
n
g
f
o
r
i
m
m
ed
iate
ac
tio
n
to
b
e
im
p
le
m
en
ted
[
1
7
]
.
Stan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
1
.
5
8
9
h
as
b
ee
n
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
o
r
W
T
s
ig
n
al
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Den
o
is
ed
s
i
g
n
al
f
r
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Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Den
o
is
ed
Si
g
n
al
s
f
o
r
f
au
l
t
y
P
h
a
s
e
„
a
‟
o
p
en
f
o
r
0
.
1
s
ec
p
er
io
d
An
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
o
f
w
a
v
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
d
u
r
in
g
s
i
g
n
al
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
is
t
h
at
it
allo
w
s
th
e
u
s
er
to
an
al
y
ze
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
co
n
tai
n
ed
in
a
n
o
n
-
s
tatio
n
ar
y
s
i
g
n
al
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
ti
m
e
–
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
eso
l
u
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
W
T
m
et
h
o
d
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
co
m
p
l
e
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
tr
ad
it
io
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al
F
FT
m
et
h
o
d
to
n
o
n
-
s
tatio
n
ar
y
s
ta
tes.
T
h
is
d
etec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
ca
n
b
e
ch
o
s
en
as in
d
icativ
e
o
f
n
e
w
s
h
i
f
t,
w
h
er
e
F
FT
d
o
es n
o
t f
it i
n
to
[
1
6
]
.
Ob
s
e
r
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
W
av
elet
s
i
g
n
a
ls
f
r
o
m
F
ig
u
r
e
7
to
F
ig
u
r
e
1
1
,
it
is
v
er
y
clea
r
t
h
at
s
i
g
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al
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
in
d
icate
s
th
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ti
m
e
o
f
f
au
lt
alo
n
g
w
it
h
m
a
g
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d
e
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
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to
FF
T
s
ig
n
a
ls
,
w
h
ic
h
e
n
ab
les
a
s
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er
tio
n
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f
au
lt
lo
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
ti
m
e
i
n
th
e
d
r
iv
e.
T
h
is
w
o
u
ld
aid
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
to
d
ec
id
e
b
et
wee
n
co
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tin
u
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n
g
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
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u
n
d
er
p
ar
tial lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
o
r
to
s
h
u
t d
o
w
n
t
h
e
m
a
ch
in
e.
Sig
n
als
d
o
n
o
t
ex
is
t
w
it
h
o
u
t
n
o
is
e,
it
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
em
o
v
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
ata
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
d
ata
an
al
y
s
is
.
W
av
elet
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
W
T
)
is
a
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
to
o
l
f
o
r
r
em
o
v
al
o
f
n
o
is
e
f
r
o
m
f
au
lt
y
s
ig
n
als
d
u
e
to
its
p
er
f
ec
t
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
f
i
lter
s
,
w
h
ich
i
s
v
er
y
clea
r
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
e
-
n
o
is
ed
f
r
o
m
F
ig
u
r
e
7
th
r
o
u
g
h
F
ig
u
r
e
11
[
1
8
]
-
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
w
a
v
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
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m
ta
k
e
a
d
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
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ter
m
ed
iate
ca
s
es
o
f
t
h
e
U
n
ce
r
tai
n
t
y
P
r
in
cip
le.
E
ac
h
w
a
v
elet
m
ea
s
u
r
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m
e
n
t,
i.e
.
t
h
e
w
a
v
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
a
f
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x
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p
ar
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eter
in
f
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th
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te
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p
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l
ex
ten
t
o
f
th
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s
i
g
n
al,
as
w
el
l
as
o
n
th
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f
r
eq
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en
c
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s
p
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tr
u
m
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th
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s
i
g
n
al.
i.e
.
f
r
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m
t
h
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p
ar
a
m
eter
w
(
w
h
ic
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th
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a
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t
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a
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k
f
o
r
th
e
Fo
u
r
ier
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
)
,
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tic
f
r
eq
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en
c
y
k
(
w
)
a
n
d
a
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
ti
m
e
t
(
w
)
ca
n
be
d
er
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ed
,
an
d
in
i
tial
f
u
n
ct
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n
i
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clu
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a
s
i
g
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“f
r
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(
w
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"
th
a
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h
ap
p
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at
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(
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f
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o
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to
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P
ick
u
p
ti
m
e
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s
e
n
s
o
r
s
an
d
r
ela
y
s
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
th
e
p
ap
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p
u
b
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h
ed
i
n
I
E
E
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p
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w
it
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f
a
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lt
f
i
n
d
in
g
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
s
en
s
it
iv
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d
if
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ce
s
o
f
F
FT
an
d
W
T
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in
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t
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p
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class
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to
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t f
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.
f
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ex
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m
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Db
4
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t f
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u
lt.
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
t
b
ec
o
m
e
s
m
o
r
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
s
af
e
g
u
ar
d
th
e
d
r
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e
f
r
o
m
th
e
i
n
ev
i
tab
le
f
a
u
lt
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
s
o
d
iag
n
o
s
i
n
g
th
e
f
a
u
lt
s
is
cr
itical.
O
v
er
all
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
ta
n
d
p
o
in
t
o
f
a
n
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
s
y
s
te
m
d
esig
n
,
b
etter
p
r
o
tectio
n
,
an
d
f
au
lt
to
ler
an
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
i
t
is
v
er
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
u
n
d
er
s
t
an
d
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
o
f
i
n
cip
ien
t
f
a
u
lt
s
w
h
ich
w
il
l
ev
en
t
u
all
y
lead
to
th
e
m
o
r
e
s
er
io
u
s
f
a
u
lt
s
.
T
h
e
FF
T
an
d
W
av
elets
b
ased
f
au
lt
d
iag
n
o
s
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
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u
lts
a
n
d
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
es
u
lts
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
.
T
h
ese
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
ca
n
b
e
r
ea
lized
b
y
w
r
iti
n
g
a
s
o
f
t
war
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
o
n
a
g
e
n
er
al
-
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
Dig
ital
Sig
n
al
P
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
th
er
eb
y
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
t
h
e
co
s
t
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
tl
y
as
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
an
y
o
th
er
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
T
o
c
o
n
clu
d
e,
o
n
-
l
in
e
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
ig
n
al
s
h
elp
i
n
t
h
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
i
n
cip
ie
n
t
f
au
l
ts
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
lead
to
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
p
r
ev
e
n
ti
v
e
m
a
in
te
n
a
n
ce
ah
ea
d
o
f
th
e
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
t
h
e
ac
tu
al
f
a
u
lts
,
r
es
u
lti
n
g
in
co
s
t
s
av
i
n
g
s
(
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
u
n
s
c
h
ed
u
led
s
h
u
tti
n
g
d
o
w
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
)
an
d
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
b
en
e
f
i
t
a
m
o
n
g
s
t
t
h
e
o
th
er
s
i
s
th
e
d
r
i
v
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
s
ca
n
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
t
h
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
b
y
t
h
e
m
ea
n
s
o
f
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
u
p
d
ate.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
P
e
tr
Ka
d
a
n
ík
,
P
ra
g
u
e
,
“
A
Brief
su
rv
e
y
o
f
A
C
Dri
v
e
F
a
u
lt
Dia
g
n
o
sis &
De
tec
ti
o
n
”
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
1
9
9
8
[2
]
N.
S
a
ra
v
a
n
a
n
,
K.
I
.
Ra
m
a
c
h
a
n
d
ra
n
“
In
c
i
p
ien
t
g
e
a
r
b
o
x
f
a
u
lt
d
iag
n
o
sis
u
si
n
g
d
isc
re
te
w
a
v
e
let
tran
s
fo
rm
(DWT
)
f
o
r
f
e
a
tu
r
e
e
x
trac
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
las
sif
ica
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
a
rti
f
icia
l
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
(AN
N)”
Exp
e
rt
S
y
ste
ms
wit
h
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s:
A
n
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
Vo
l
u
me
3
7
Iss
u
e
6
,
J
u
n
e
,
p
p
.
4
1
6
8
-
4
1
8
1
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
]
J.
Ke
ll
e
r
a
n
d
B.
Kro
p
o
sk
i
“
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
in
g
F
a
u
lt
C
h
a
ra
c
teristics
o
f
In
v
e
rter
-
Ba
se
d
Distrib
u
ted
En
e
r
g
y
R
e
so
u
rc
e
s”
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
Rep
o
rt
NRE
L
/
T
P
-
5
5
0
-
4
6
6
9
8
J
a
n
u
a
ry
2
0
1
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.
[4
]
Ne
e
la
m
M
a
h
e
la
(P
h
d
th
e
sis)
“
Co
n
d
it
io
n
m
o
n
it
e
rin
g
a
n
d
F
a
u
l
t
d
i
a
g
n
o
sis
o
f
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
t
o
r
u
si
n
g
m
o
to
r
c
u
rre
n
t
sig
n
a
tu
re
a
n
a
ly
sis
”
NIT
,
Ku
ru
k
sh
e
tra
,
2
0
1
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
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N:
2
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I
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t F
a
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ter F
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Mo
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Dri
ve
(
D.
V
en
ka
ta
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a
)
729
[5
]
Dr.
F
.
R
,
G
o
m
a
a
,
Dr.
K
.
M
.
k
h
a
d
e
r,
M
.
A
.
Ei
ss
a
“
Re
v
iew
A
rti
c
le
F
a
u
lt
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Ro
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M
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ry
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se
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sis”
p
p
:
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5
7
1
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6
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V
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-
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,
Iss
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e
0
1
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IJ
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GT
(
IS
S
N
No
:
2
3
0
9
-
4
8
9
3
),
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
D Ka
sta
a
n
d
B
K Bo
se
“
On
li
n
e
se
a
rc
h
Ba
se
d
p
u
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ti
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g
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f
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sin
g
le p
h
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se
o
p
e
ra
ti
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o
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V
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riab
le
F
re
q
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n
c
y
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
to
r
d
riv
e
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stry
Ap
p
li
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ti
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.
4
,
p
p
.
8
0
2
-
8
1
1
,
Ju
l
/A
u
g
1
9
9
5
.
[7
]
W
.
J.
De
v
e
n
p
o
rt,
W
.
L
.
Ne
u
,
A
.
Bo
rg
o
lt
z
a
n
d
S
.
R.
Ed
w
a
rd
s
“
S
p
e
c
tral
A
n
a
l
y
sis
”
L
a
st re
v
ise
d
M
a
rc
h
,
2
0
1
6
.
[8
]
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
in
st
u
m
e
n
ts,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
“
T
h
e
F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tals
o
f
F
F
T
-
Ba
s
e
d
S
ig
n
a
l
A
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
in
L
a
b
V
IEW
a
n
d
L
a
b
W
in
d
o
w
s/CV
I
”
Pu
b
li
sh
Da
te:
J
u
n
0
8
,
2
0
0
9
.
[9
]
L
o
k
e
n
a
th
De
b
n
a
th
“
W
a
v
e
let
T
ra
n
sf
o
r
m
s an
d
T
i
m
e
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
sig
n
a
l
a
n
a
ly
sis
”
Bir
k
h
u
a
se
r B
o
st
o
n
,
2
0
0
1
.
[1
0
]
J
Ro
g
e
r
-
F
a
lch
,
J
A
n
ti
n
in
o
,
M
Re
ira,
a
n
d
M
P
M
o
l
in
a
“
A
Ne
w
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
th
e
d
iag
n
o
sis
o
f
ro
t
o
r
b
a
r
in
i
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
a
c
h
in
e
s w
it
h
wa
v
e
let
d
e
c
o
m
p
o
siti
o
n
”
in
Pro
c
.
1
6
th
IC
EM
,
Cra
c
o
w,
Po
l
a
n
d
,
S
e
p
.
5
-
8
,
2
0
0
4
[1
1
]
H L
Re
sn
ik
o
ff
,
R
O W
e
ll
s,
“
W
a
v
e
let
A
n
a
l
y
sis”
sp
rin
g
e
r
2
0
0
4
.
[1
2
]
F
ried
rich
W
.
F
u
c
h
s
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Kie
l
Ka
ise
rstr(
fwf
@t
f
.
u
n
i
-
k
iel.
d
e
)
“
S
o
m
e
Di
a
g
n
o
sis
M
e
th
o
d
s
f
o
r
V
o
l
tag
e
S
o
u
rc
e
In
v
e
rters
in
V
a
ria
b
le S
p
e
e
d
Driv
e
s w
it
h
In
d
u
c
t
io
n
M
a
c
h
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n
e
s
-
A
S
u
rv
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y
”
2
D
-
2
4
1
4
3
Kie
l
G
e
r
m
a
n
y
,
IECON
-
2
0
0
3
.
[1
3
]
S
Ch
a
f
a
i,
F
Zi
d
a
n
i,
R
Na
it
-
S
a
id
,
M
S
Ba
u
c
h
e
rit
,
“
F
a
u
lt
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
d
iag
n
o
sis
o
n
P
W
M
In
v
e
rter
b
y
d
iff
e
r
e
n
t
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s”
p
p
1
-
1
2
,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
S
y
ste
ms
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
4
]
In
tel
P
a
c
k
a
g
in
g
Da
tab
o
o
k
,
Ch
a
,
p
ter 6
In
tel,
2
0
0
0
.
[1
5
]
Ce
sa
r
da
Co
sta
,
M
a
sa
m
o
ri
Ka
sh
iw
a
g
i
,
M
a
u
ro
H
u
g
o
M
a
t
h
ias
“
Ca
se
S
tu
d
ies
in
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
S
y
ste
m
s
a
n
d
S
ig
n
a
l
P
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
”
V
o
l
u
m
e
1
,
P
P
1
5
–
2
6
Ju
ly
2
0
1
5
.
[1
6
]
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
m
e
c
h
a
tro
n
ics
sy
ste
m
s
L
a
b
-
M
e
c
h
a
tro
n
ics
c
o
n
tr
o
l
sy
ste
m
s
-
1
st
e
d
.
[1
7
]
A
d
a
li
,
T
.
,
Ju
tt
e
n
,
C.
,
R
o
m
a
no
,
J.
M
.
T
.
,
Ba
rro
s
,
A
.
K.
“
I
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
C
o
m
p
o
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e
n
t
A
n
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s
a
n
d
S
i
g
n
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l
S
e
p
a
r
a
t
i
o
n
”
8
th
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s,
ICA
2
0
0
9
,
P
a
ra
ty,
Bra
z
il
,
M
a
rc
h
1
5
-
1
8
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
8
]
Ra
jes
h
P
a
ti
l
“
No
ise
Re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
W
a
v
e
let
T
r
a
n
sf
o
r
m
a
n
d
S
in
g
u
lar
V
e
c
to
r
De
c
o
m
p
o
sit
io
n
”
El
e
v
e
n
th
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
M
u
lt
i
-
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
(
IM
CIP
-
2
0
1
5
),
8
4
9
–
8
5
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
9
]
Ra
m
i
Co
h
e
n
“
S
ig
n
a
l
d
e
n
o
isi
n
g
u
sin
g
w
a
v
e
lets”
A
Pro
jec
t
Rep
o
rt,
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
T
e
c
h
n
i
o
n
,
Isr
a
e
l
In
stit
u
te o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Fe
b
-
2
0
1
2
.
[2
0
]
H.
S
.
Ka
rth
ik
,
A
.
R.
Us
h
a
De
v
i,
J.
P
ra
b
h
u
T
e
j,
a
n
d
A
.
K.
Ra
jag
o
p
a
l
“
En
tro
p
ic
u
n
c
e
rtain
ty
a
ss
ist
e
d
b
y
te
m
p
o
ra
l
m
e
m
o
r
y
”
a
rXiv: 1
3
1
0
.
5
0
7
9
v
2
[
Qu
a
n
t
P
h
]
8
N
o
v
-
2
0
1
3
.
[2
1
]
Co
o
p
e
r
B
u
ss
m
a
n
“
S
e
lec
ti
v
e
c
o
o
rd
in
a
ti
o
n
”
2
0
0
8
.
[2
2
]
D
V
e
n
k
a
ta
Ra
m
a
n
a
,
S
Ba
sk
a
r,
“
F
a
u
lt
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
V
o
lt
a
g
e
S
o
u
rc
e
In
v
e
rter
fe
d
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
to
r
Driv
e
”
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
C
o
mp
u
ta
ti
o
n
a
l
In
tell
ig
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
in
g
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
p
p
;
5
7
2
-
5
7
8
,
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s,
2
0
1
6
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
D
V
e
n
k
a
t
a
Ra
m
a
n
a
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B
E
(El
e
c
tri
c
a
l)
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
V
ij
a
y
a
Na
g
a
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Co
ll
e
g
e
,
Be
ll
a
r
y
,
Ka
rn
a
tak
a
,
In
d
ia
1
9
9
5
a
n
d
M
T
e
c
h
f
ro
m
NI
TK
(El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
),
su
ra
tk
a
l,
Ka
rn
a
tak
a
,
In
d
ia
in
2
0
0
0
.
C
u
rre
n
tl
y
h
e
is
p
u
rsu
i
n
g
h
is
P
h
.
D
re
se
a
rc
h
w
o
rk
a
t
V
e
lt
e
c
h
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ch
e
n
n
a
i.
A
re
a
o
f
r
e
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
P
o
w
e
r
e
le
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
d
riv
e
s,
w
a
v
e
lets
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s an
d
m
icro
p
ro
c
e
ss
o
r
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
d
d
riv
e
s.
Dr
.
S
.
B
a
sk
a
r
w
a
s b
o
rn
in
Cu
d
d
a
l
o
re
,
In
d
ia o
n
F
e
b
r
u
a
ry
3
,
1
9
7
4
.
H
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
B.
E
(El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
&
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
)
f
ro
m
A
n
n
a
m
a
lai
Un
iv
e
rsity
a
n
d
M
.
T
e
c
h
(P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
)
f
ro
m
V
e
ll
o
re
In
stit
u
te
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
In
d
ia.
He
h
a
s
c
o
m
p
lete
d
h
is
P
h
.
D
in
F
A
C
T
S
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
rs
f
ro
m
A
n
n
a
m
a
lai
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
.
H
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
w
o
rk
in
g
a
s
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
in
th
e
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tr
ica
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
a
t
V
e
lt
e
c
h
Ra
n
g
a
ra
jan
Dr.
S
a
g
u
n
t
h
a
la
R&
D
In
stit
u
te
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
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,
V
e
l
T
e
c
h
Dr.
Rr
&
Dr.
S
r
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
A
v
a
d
i,
Ch
e
n
n
a
i
In
d
ia.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
Co
n
tro
l
a
n
d
M
o
d
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li
n
g
o
f
F
A
CT
S
Co
n
tro
ll
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a
n
d
it
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
t
o
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.