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f
th
e
r
esu
lted
C
H4
g
a
s
is
2
8
.
7
8
6
.
0
2
2
k
w
H
p
er
y
ea
r
[
8
]
.
I
n
t
h
is
m
o
d
el,
th
e
ca
lib
r
atio
n
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
s
u
s
ed
w
er
e
t
h
e
a
m
p
er
e
cla
m
m
e
ter
,
v
ar
iab
le
v
o
ltag
e
r
e
g
u
lato
r
,
th
er
m
o
m
eter
,
o
d
alo
g
7
0
0
0
s
er
ies.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
ca
lib
r
atio
n
is
a
i
m
ed
to
ad
j
u
s
t
th
e
d
ata
r
esu
lte
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
m
ad
e
i
n
th
e
R
ea
l
T
im
e
Mo
d
el
H
y
b
r
id
L
FG
-
PV
-
Ge
n
s
et
w
it
h
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
b
y
f
i
n
d
in
g
t
h
e
co
r
r
ec
ti
o
n
f
ac
to
r
s
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
is
r
esear
c
h
is
to
d
esig
n
a
n
d
to
f
i
n
d
o
u
t
t
h
e
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
ca
lib
r
atio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
t
h
e
T
est
o
f
R
ea
l
T
im
e
Mo
d
el
H
y
b
r
id
Po
w
er
L
an
d
f
ill
-
PC
-
Ge
n
s
et
S
y
s
te
m
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
f
i
n
d
o
u
t th
e
C
H
4
,
m
e
th
a
n
e
g
a
s
co
n
ten
t,
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e,
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t i
n
th
e
ca
l
ib
r
atio
n
i
n
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
s
.
2.
CASE
S
T
UD
Y
2
.
1
.
T
he
Sy
s
t
e
m
o
f
Sche
m
a
t
i
c
Sy
s
t
e
m
Fig
u
r
e
1.
illu
s
tr
ates
a
s
c
h
e
m
atic
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t,
d
atab
ase
an
d
d
ata
p
r
esen
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
2
p
ar
ts
:
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
th
e
co
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
T
h
e
ce
n
tr
al
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
is
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
id
e,
lan
d
f
i
ll
b
io
g
as
s
ite
an
d
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
id
e
g
en
s
et.
T
h
e
co
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
3
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
o
f
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
th
e
y
ar
e;
s
m
ar
t
m
o
n
i
to
r
&
d
atalo
g
g
er
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic,
s
m
ar
t
&
d
atalo
g
g
er
la
n
d
f
i
ll
b
io
g
as
s
ite
a
n
d
s
m
ar
t
&
d
atalo
g
g
er
g
en
s
et.
T
h
e
s
m
ar
t
&
d
atalo
g
g
er
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
t
w
o
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
v
o
lt
ag
e.
T
h
e
s
m
ar
t
&
d
atalo
g
g
er
la
n
d
f
il
l
b
io
g
as
s
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
r
ee
s
en
s
o
r
s
;
M
Q4
m
et
h
an
e
d
etec
to
r
s
e
n
s
o
r
,
cu
r
r
en
t
s
en
s
o
r
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
.
T
h
e
s
m
ar
t
&
d
atalo
g
g
er
g
e
n
s
et
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
t
w
o
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
;
ac
cu
r
r
en
t
s
e
n
s
o
r
an
d
ac
v
o
ltag
e
s
en
s
o
r
.
T
h
ese
th
r
ee
s
m
ar
t
&
d
ata
lo
g
g
er
co
n
ta
in
i
n
g
th
o
s
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
s
ig
n
al
co
n
d
itio
n
i
n
g
cir
c
u
i
t
th
at
ad
j
u
s
ts
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
o
u
tp
u
t t
o
th
e
ar
d
u
in
o
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
in
p
u
t.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
s
ch
e
m
atic
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
2
.
2
.
Sens
o
r
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ca
lib
r
ated
in
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
er
e
it
w
i
ll
b
e
u
s
ed
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
t
h
e
b
est
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
s
in
ce
th
er
e
i
s
n
o
s
en
s
o
r
is
p
e
r
f
ec
t,
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
to
s
a
m
p
le
o
f
m
a
n
u
f
ac
tu
r
ed
v
ar
iat
io
n
s
m
ea
n
s
th
a
t
ev
e
n
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
t
w
o
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
ca
n
r
es
u
lt
i
n
s
li
g
h
t
l
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
r
ea
d
in
g
s
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
i
n
s
e
n
s
o
r
d
esig
n
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
en
s
o
r
s
ca
n
r
esp
o
n
d
d
if
f
er
e
n
tl
y
u
n
d
er
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
1
1
]
.
I
t
esp
ec
iall
y
ap
p
lies
in
t
h
e
'in
d
ir
ec
t
'
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
th
at
ca
lc
u
late
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
ts
b
ased
o
n
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
ac
t
u
al
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
o
f
s
ev
er
al
d
if
f
er
en
t
b
u
t
r
elate
d
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
An
o
t
h
er
r
ea
s
o
n
is
th
at
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
is
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
i
n
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J
P
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lectr
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&
Dr
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s
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2
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8
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8
694
Th
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lib
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tio
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Tes
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f H
yb
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fill
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(
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Ma
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)
91
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
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w
it
h
a
n
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s
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t
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also
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ep
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s
o
n
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
,
t
h
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
t
h
er
m
a
l
g
r
ad
ien
t
b
et
w
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n
th
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
an
d
th
e
p
o
in
t o
f
m
e
asu
r
e
m
en
t.
2
.
2
.
1
.
M
Q
4
M
et
ha
ne
G
a
s
Sens
o
r
T
h
e
MQ
4
s
e
n
s
o
r
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
2
,
i
s
a
g
a
s
s
en
s
o
r
wh
ich
h
as
h
i
g
h
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
to
c
o
mb
u
s
tib
le
g
a
s
es
,
esp
ec
iall
y
f
o
r
C
H
4
m
e
th
a
n
e
g
as,
a
s
w
e
ll
as
to
o
th
er
g
ases
,
s
u
c
h
as
p
r
o
p
an
e
an
d
b
u
tan
e.
T
h
e
MQ
4
s
en
s
o
r
h
as
th
e
S
n
O
2
m
ater
ia
l
th
at
is
s
e
n
s
i
tiv
e
to
ch
a
n
g
e
s
in
co
mb
u
s
tib
le
g
a
s
.
T
h
is
m
ater
ial
h
a
s
a
lo
w
co
n
d
u
cti
v
it
y
w
h
e
n
i
n
th
e
o
p
en
air
th
at
d
o
es
n
o
t
co
n
tai
n
co
mb
u
s
tib
le
g
a
s
an
d
h
as
a
h
i
g
h
e
r
co
n
d
u
ctiv
i
t
y
w
h
e
n
th
er
e
is
a
ch
a
n
g
e
in
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
g
as c
o
n
ten
t th
at
th
e
MQ
4
s
e
n
s
o
r
ca
n
r
ea
ch
is
3
0
0
-
1
0
0
0
0
p
p
m
[
1
2
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
MQ
4
Sen
s
o
r
an
d
Od
alo
g
7
0
0
0
C
alib
r
atio
n
T
o
o
l
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
h
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics o
f
M
Q4
s
en
s
o
r
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
Fig
u
r
e
3
r
ep
r
e
s
en
t
s
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
MQ
-
4
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
en
s
iti
v
it
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an
d
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
h
u
m
id
it
y
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
.
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h
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x
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a
x
i
s
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ep
r
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t
h
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as
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n
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m
,
w
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icate
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atio
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esis
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R
s
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e
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e
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esis
ta
n
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tain
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n
ce
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atio
n
a
n
d
R
o
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th
e
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e
n
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o
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esis
ta
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ce
at
1
0
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p
p
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m
et
h
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n
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as i
n
o
p
en
ai
r
.
2
.
2
.
2
.
L
M
3
5
T
e
m
pera
t
ure
Se
ns
o
r
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
L
M3
5
s
en
s
o
r
is
a
s
m
all
-
s
ized
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
u
c
h
as
a
tr
an
s
is
t
o
r
(
T
O
-
9
2
)
.
T
h
is
v
er
y
ea
s
y
-
to
-
u
s
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
i
s
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
u
p
to
1
0
0
d
eg
r
ee
C
elsi
u
s
.
T
h
e
L
M3
5
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
is
an
elec
t
r
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
t
h
at
h
a
s
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
co
n
v
er
ti
n
g
th
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
to
elec
tr
ical
q
u
an
tit
y
u
n
it
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
e
L
M3
5
s
en
s
o
r
h
as
a
h
ig
h
ac
cu
r
ac
y
a
n
d
ea
s
y
i
n
d
esig
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
.
I
t
also
h
as
a
lo
w
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I
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I
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
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y
s
t
I
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to
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e
ex
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w
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Un
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f
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RE
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S
[1
]
M
.
S
.
Ng
a
n
a
n
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C
.
W
.
T
a
n
,
“
A
ss
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ic
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s
y
ste
m
in
so
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rn
P
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in
su
lar M
a
lay
sia
,
”
Ren
e
w.
S
u
sta
in
.
En
e
r
g
y
Rev
.
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v
o
l.
1
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
3
4
–
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4
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,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
]
K.
Nip
o
n
,
“
P
h
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lt
a
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H
y
b
rid
S
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ste
m
s
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Ru
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tri
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Co
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n
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ies
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Je
r
m
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n
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2
0
0
5
.
[3
]
O.
K.
M
.
Ou
d
a
,
S
.
A
.
Ra
z
a
,
R.
A
l
-
W
a
k
e
d
,
J.
F
.
A
l
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A
s
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d
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a
n
d
A
.
-
S
.
Niz
a
m
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P
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ra
b
ia,”
J
.
Kin
g
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a
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Un
iv.
-
En
g
.
S
c
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,
2
0
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5
.
[4
]
N.
S
c
a
rlat,
V
.
M
o
to
la,
J.
F
.
Da
ll
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m
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.
M
o
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F
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M
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Ev
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M
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Af
ri
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rb
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n
a
re
a
s,”
Ren
e
w.
S
u
st
a
in
.
En
e
rg
y
Rev
.
,
v
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l
.
5
0
,
p
p
.
1
2
6
9
–
1
2
8
6
,
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0
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.
[5
]
A
.
S
u
y
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ti
,
M
.
T
o
la,
M
.
S
.
P
a
ll
u
,
a
n
d
N.
Ha
ru
n
,
“
De
sig
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o
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Re
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l
-
Ti
m
e
G
a
s
E
m
i
ss
io
n
T
e
ste
r
f
o
r
Die
se
l
P
o
w
e
r
P
lan
t
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
In
t.
J
.
E
lec
tro
n
.
Co
mm
u
n
.
Co
mp
u
t.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
6
0
7
–
1
6
1
2
,
2
0
1
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
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S
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I
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N:
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(
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97
[6
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S
.
H.
A
lal
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Op
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Un
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]
S
.
Ha
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a
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ih
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rd
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T
jaro
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En
e
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ld
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(
P
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y
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u
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[8
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[9
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.
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b
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Jo
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;
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ll
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m
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rd
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.
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,
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su
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sin
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2
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K.
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v
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,
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t
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sin
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ss
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e
n
so
r
Ne
tw
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rk
(M
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lt
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G
a
s
De
tec
to
r
)
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a
l
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i
m
e
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o
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it
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ri
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g
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ste
m
f
o
r
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in
e
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f
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sin
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e
n
s
o
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Ne
tw
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rk
(M
u
lt
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-
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a
s
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tec
to
r
),
”
In
stit
u
te
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Ro
u
rk
e
la,
2
0
1
5
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
S
a
lam
a
M
a
n
jan
g
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re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
i
s
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c
to
r
d
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g
re
e
s
in
e
lec
tro
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a
n
d
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lec
tri
c
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l
e
n
g
in
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ri
n
g
f
ro
m
In
stit
u
t
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Ba
n
d
u
n
g
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
h
e
is
a
p
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
in
th
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
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e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
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is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
th
e
h
e
a
d
o
f
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
in
Un
iv
e
rsitas
Ha
sa
n
u
d
d
i
n
M
a
k
a
ss
a
r.
His c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts in
c
lu
d
e
p
o
w
e
r
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n
e
rg
y
a
n
d
re
n
e
wa
b
le en
e
rg
y
.
Em
a
il
:
sa
la
m
a
m
a
n
jan
g
@u
n
h
a
s.a
c
.
id
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it
ti
Ha
m
n
a
h
A
h
sa
n
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
s
h
e
is
p
u
rsu
in
g
a
Do
k
to
r
d
e
g
re
e
in
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p
a
rtme
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t
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lec
tri
c
a
l
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n
g
in
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rin
g
a
t
Ha
sa
n
u
d
d
in
U
n
i
v
e
rsit
y
M
a
k
a
ss
a
r
.
His
re
se
a
r
c
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
,
se
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
s a
n
d
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
sy
ste
m
.
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