I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
P
o
w
er
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Driv
e
Sy
s
t
e
m
(
I
J
P
E
DS
)
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
979
~
989
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
p
ed
s
.
v8
i
3
.
pp
9
7
9
-
989
979
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
jo
u
r
n
a
l.c
o
m/o
n
lin
e/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/I
JP
E
DS
Adv
a
nced
Dir
ect Po
w
er Control fo
r G
ri
d
-
c
o
nne
cted
Distribu
tion
G
en
eratio
n Sys
te
m
B
a
sed o
n F
u
zz
y
Lo
g
ic
a
nd Art
i
ficial Ne
ura
l Net
w
o
rk
s Te
chniques
M
us
t
a
ph
a
J
a
m
m
a
1
,
Ab
derr
a
hi
m
B
enna
s
s
a
r
2
,
M
o
ha
m
ed
B
a
ra
ra
3
,
M
o
ha
mm
ed
A
kh
er
ra
z
4
1,
2,
4
L
a
b
o
ra
t
o
ry
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
n
tr
o
l,
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
ia S
c
h
o
o
l'
s o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rs,
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
V
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Ra
b
a
t,
M
o
r
o
c
c
o
3
Un
iv
e
rsité d
e
Ly
o
n
,
F
-
6
9
6
2
2
,
U
n
iv
e
rsité Cl
a
u
d
e
Be
rn
a
rd
L
y
o
n
1
,
V
il
le
u
rb
a
n
n
e
;
CNRS;
UMR
5
0
0
5
,
L
a
b
o
ra
to
ire Am
p
è
re
,
Ly
o
n
,
F
ra
n
c
e
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Dec
6
,
2
0
1
6
R
ev
i
s
ed
Ma
y
19
,
2
0
1
7
A
cc
ep
ted
J
u
n
10
,
2
0
1
7
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
ro
p
o
se
s
a
n
im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
d
irec
t
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
tro
l
(DP
C
)
sc
h
e
m
e
o
f
a
g
rid
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
t
h
r
e
e
p
h
a
se
v
o
lt
a
g
e
so
u
rc
e
in
v
e
rter
b
a
se
d
o
n
a
rti
f
icia
l
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
(
A
NN
)
a
n
d
f
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
(F
L
)
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
th
e
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
T
h
is
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
c
o
n
tro
l
stra
teg
y
i
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
tw
o
in
telli
g
e
n
t
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
s,
t
h
e
f
irs
t
o
n
e
is
th
e
re
p
lac
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
sw
it
c
h
in
g
tab
le
o
f
a
th
re
e
p
h
a
se
v
o
lt
a
g
e
so
u
rc
e
in
v
e
rter
(V
S
I)
b
y
a
se
l
e
c
to
r
b
a
se
d
o
n
a
rti
f
icia
l
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
,
a
n
d
th
e
se
c
o
n
d
o
n
e
is
th
e
re
p
lac
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
h
y
ste
re
sis
c
o
m
p
a
ra
to
rs
b
y
f
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
c
o
n
tro
l
lers
f
o
r
th
e
in
sta
n
tan
e
o
u
s
a
c
ti
v
e
a
n
d
re
a
c
ti
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
e
rro
rs.
T
h
e
se
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
s
e
n
a
b
le
to
re
d
u
c
e
th
e
p
o
w
e
r
rip
p
les
,
th
e
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
d
istu
rb
a
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
in
c
re
a
se
th
e
re
sp
o
n
se
ti
m
e
p
e
rio
d
o
f
th
e
s
y
ste
m
.
F
in
a
ll
y
,
th
e
si
m
u
lati
o
n
re
su
lt
s
w
e
r
e
o
b
tai
n
e
d
b
y
M
a
tl
a
b
/S
im
u
li
n
k
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t
,
u
n
d
e
r
a
u
n
it
y
p
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
to
r
(UP
F
)
.
T
h
e
se
re
su
lt
s
v
e
ri
fy
th
e
t
ra
n
sie
n
t
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
s,
th
e
v
a
li
d
it
y
a
n
d
th
e
e
ff
ici
e
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
D
P
C
s
c
h
e
m
e
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
A
r
ti
f
icial
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
Dir
ec
t
p
o
w
er
c
o
n
tr
o
l
Fu
zz
y
l
o
g
ic
c
o
n
tr
o
l
R
en
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
Vo
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
v
er
ter
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
201
7
In
s
t
it
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Mu
s
tap
h
a
J
a
m
m
a,
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
o
f
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
i
cs a
n
d
C
o
n
tr
o
l,
Mo
h
a
m
m
ad
ia
Sc
h
o
o
l's
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
s
,
Mo
h
a
m
m
ed
V
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
o
f
R
ab
at,
Mo
r
o
cc
o
.
E
m
ail:
j
a
m
aa
1
2
0
@
h
o
t
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
t
h
e
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
h
av
e
k
n
o
w
n
a
f
ast
e
v
o
lu
t
io
n
,
th
i
s
lead
s
th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
s
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
in
v
est
ig
at
io
n
s
i
n
a
w
a
y
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
a
n
d
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
o
f
elec
tr
o
m
ec
h
an
ical
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
,
elec
tr
ic
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
,
an
d
also
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
q
u
alit
y
s
u
p
p
lied
in
o
r
d
er
to
g
u
ar
an
tee
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
eir
u
ti
lit
y
g
r
id
[
1
]
-
[
2
]
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
ese,
th
er
e
is
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
P
V)
s
y
s
te
m
,
wh
ich
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
th
e
m
o
r
e
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
l
a
n
d
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
m
is
i
n
g
in
t
h
e
el
ec
tr
icit
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
r
en
e
w
ab
le
o
r
i
g
in
[
3
]
.
T
h
is
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
e
n
er
g
y
g
e
n
er
atio
n
p
r
esen
t
s
t
h
e
a
d
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
b
ein
g
ab
u
n
d
an
t,
i
n
e
x
h
a
u
s
tib
le,
n
o
n
-
p
o
llu
tin
g
f
o
r
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
lo
w
er
-
co
s
t
el
ec
tr
icit
y
a
n
d
also
h
ig
h
er
p
o
w
er
r
eliab
ilit
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
ce
n
tr
alize
d
g
en
er
at
io
n
s
o
u
r
ce
s
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
s
to
th
e
u
tili
t
y
g
r
id
in
v
o
lv
e
s
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
v
o
lt
ag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
,
w
i
th
i
n
j
ec
tio
n
a
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
cu
r
r
en
t
at
lo
w
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
(
T
HD)
o
n
t
h
e
g
r
id
[
5
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
to
g
u
ar
an
tee
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
g
r
id
q
u
al
it
y
,
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
t
h
is
t
y
p
e
o
f
co
n
v
er
ter
ar
e
i
m
p
o
s
ed
s
u
c
h
as,
th
e
u
n
it
y
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
o
p
er
atio
n
,
t
h
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
o
f
t
h
e
ac
ti
v
e
a
n
d
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
in
j
ec
ted
i
n
to
g
r
id
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
v
o
lt
ag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
v
er
ter
s
is
v
er
y
p
r
o
m
is
i
n
g
; it
o
f
f
er
s
th
e
c
h
o
ice
o
f
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
co
n
tr
o
l a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
s
w
h
ic
h
allo
w
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
n
g
q
u
ick
l
y
w
it
h
a
lo
w
co
s
t [
6
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
te
m
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
9
7
9
–
989
980
Var
io
u
s
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ate
g
ies
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
in
g
r
i
d
co
n
n
ec
ted
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
in
t
h
e
li
ter
atu
r
e.
T
h
ese
co
n
tr
o
l
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
class
if
ied
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
eir
p
r
in
cip
les
f
o
r
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
o
p
s
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
an
d
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
in
t
w
o
ca
teg
o
r
ies:
d
ir
ec
t
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
o
r
ien
ted
co
n
tr
o
l
(
VOC).
T
h
e
DP
C
s
tr
ateg
y
d
ir
ec
tl
y
u
s
es
t
h
e
in
s
t
an
tan
eo
u
s
ac
ti
v
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
as
co
n
tr
o
l
v
ar
iab
les
[
7
]
;
it
is
s
i
m
ilar
to
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
t
to
r
q
u
e
co
n
tr
o
l
(
DT
C
)
f
o
r
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
[
8
]
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
o
l
m
et
h
o
d
h
as
t
w
o
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
:
o
n
e
u
s
ed
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
n
a
m
ed
v
o
ltag
e
-
b
ased
d
ir
ec
t
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l
(
V
-
DP
C
)
an
d
th
e
o
th
er
u
s
e
s
t
h
e
v
ir
tu
al
f
l
u
x
ca
lled
v
ir
tu
al
-
f
l
u
x
-
b
ased
d
i
r
ec
t
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l
(
VF
-
DP
C
)
[
9
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
DP
C
h
as
m
ai
n
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
es
s
u
c
h
as,
a
s
i
m
p
le
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
,
n
o
s
ep
ar
ate
P
W
M
b
lo
ck
,
n
o
cu
r
r
en
t
r
eg
u
latio
n
lo
o
p
s
,
an
d
it
h
as
g
o
o
d
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
W
h
ile
VO
C
s
tr
ateg
y
al
lo
w
s
o
r
ien
t
i
n
g
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
v
ec
to
r
in
th
e
s
a
m
e
o
r
ien
tatio
n
as
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
t
h
e
d
-
q
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
f
r
a
m
e.
T
h
is
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
i
s
s
i
m
i
lar
to
th
e
v
ec
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
m
ac
h
in
e
s
.
T
h
e
VOC
ca
n
al
s
o
u
s
e
t
h
e
v
ir
tu
a
l
f
lu
x
to
e
s
ti
m
ate
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
v
o
ltag
e
s
;
t
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
is
k
n
o
w
n
u
n
d
er
th
e
n
a
m
e
v
ir
t
u
al
f
l
u
x
o
r
ien
ted
co
n
tr
o
l
(
VFOC
)
[
1
0
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
er
e
ar
e
o
th
er
t
y
p
es
o
f
co
n
tr
o
ls
t
h
at
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
v
er
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
u
tili
t
y
g
r
id
s
u
ch
as,
n
o
n
-
li
n
ea
r
co
n
tr
o
l
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
[
1
1
]
an
d
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
co
n
tr
o
l b
ased
o
n
in
p
u
t
-
o
u
tp
u
t f
ee
d
b
ac
k
li
n
ea
r
izatio
n
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
n
e
w
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
d
ir
ec
t
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l
b
ased
o
n
i
n
telli
g
e
n
t
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
V
SI
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
u
ti
lit
y
g
r
id
.
T
h
is
n
e
w
DP
C
co
n
s
is
ts
,
o
n
t
h
e
o
n
e
h
a
n
d
,
to
r
ep
lace
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
h
y
s
ter
esi
s
r
eg
u
l
ato
r
s
b
y
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ll
er
s
.
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
it
al
lo
w
s
r
ep
lacin
g
t
h
e
p
r
ed
ef
in
ed
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
tab
le
b
y
a
s
elec
to
r
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ar
tif
icial
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
i
s
in
telli
g
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
co
n
s
ti
tu
te
s
a
g
o
o
d
s
o
lu
t
io
n
to
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
co
n
tr
o
l.
I
t
allo
w
s
en
s
u
r
in
g
a
u
n
it
y
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
,
w
ell
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
s
i
n
j
ec
ted
in
u
tili
t
y
g
r
id
at
t
h
eir
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
a
s
w
ell
r
ed
u
ce
d
co
n
s
id
er
ab
ly
i
ts
f
lu
c
tu
at
io
n
s
a
n
d
also
r
ed
u
ce
d
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
s
.
T
h
e
p
ap
e
r
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
ll
o
w
s
:
Sectio
n
2
p
r
esen
t
s
th
e
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
t
h
e
th
r
ee
p
h
a
s
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
i
n
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
ted
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
t
h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
th
e
n
e
w
DP
C
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
is
ex
p
o
s
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
,
s
ec
tio
n
4
i
s
d
ev
o
ted
to
th
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
d
esig
n
,
th
e
ar
tific
ial
n
eu
r
al
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
s
e
lecto
r
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
5
,
s
ec
tio
n
6
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
te
m
.
Fi
n
a
ll
y
,
a
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
i
s
g
iv
e
n
i
n
s
ec
tio
n
7
.
2.
M
O
DE
L
I
N
G
O
F
T
H
R
E
E
P
H
ASE
VO
L
T
A
G
E
SO
URC
E
I
NV
E
R
T
E
R
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
t
is
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
a
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
v
er
t
er
,
w
h
ic
h
i
n
t
u
r
n
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
t
h
r
ee
p
h
as
e
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
tr
an
s
f
er
p
o
w
er
to
u
t
ilit
y
g
r
id
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fu
n
c
tio
n
al
d
ia
g
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
A
d
va
n
ce
d
Dir
ec
t P
o
w
er C
o
n
tr
o
l fo
r
Gri
d
-
C
o
n
n
ec
ted
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
Gen
era
tio
n
S
ystem
.
.
.
.
(
Mu
s
ta
p
h
a
Ja
mma
)
981
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
a
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
ted
th
r
ee
p
h
a
s
e
D
C
/
AC
co
n
v
er
ter
in
α
-
β
co
o
r
d
in
ates
s
y
s
te
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
q
u
iv
ale
n
t d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
a
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
ted
D
C
/
A
C
co
n
v
er
ter
Fro
m
t
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
2
,
t
h
e
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
el
w
h
ic
h
g
o
v
er
n
s
th
i
s
co
n
v
er
ter
a
s
id
ea
l
v
o
l
tag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
α
-
β co
o
r
d
in
ates a
s
f
o
llo
w
:
dI
V
U
L
dt
dI
V
U
L
dt
(
1
)
Fo
r
th
is
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
s
y
s
te
m
,
t
h
e
g
r
id
ac
ti
v
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
s
e
v
er
al
tech
n
iq
u
es
[
1
3
]
s
u
c
h
as,
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
cu
r
r
en
ts
a
n
d
g
r
id
v
o
lta
g
es.
I
n
s
tatio
n
ar
y
α
-
β
co
o
r
d
in
ates,
t
h
e
g
r
id
ac
ti
v
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
is
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
:
3
(
.
.
)
2
3
(
.
.
)
2
p
U
I
U
I
q
U
I
U
I
(
2
)
3.
P
RINCI
P
L
E
S O
F
T
H
E
P
R
O
P
O
SE
D
DP
C
S
T
RA
T
E
G
Y
T
h
e
DP
C
is
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
th
at
d
ir
ec
tl
y
u
s
e
s
th
e
i
n
s
t
an
tan
eo
u
s
ac
ti
v
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
a
s
co
n
tr
o
l
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
s
tate
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
es
o
f
th
e
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
i
n
v
er
ter
ar
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
u
s
i
n
g
a
s
elec
to
r
b
ased
o
n
ar
ti
f
icial
n
e
u
r
al
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
w
h
o
s
e
th
ese
in
p
u
ts
ar
e
th
e
s
ec
to
r
wh
er
e
is
th
e
p
o
s
i
tio
n
o
f
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
an
d
th
e
d
ig
itized
er
r
o
r
s
d
p
,
d
q
,
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
v
al
u
e
s
o
f
th
e
i
n
s
ta
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
ac
ti
v
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
p
,
q
,
a
n
d
th
eir
r
e
f
er
en
ce
v
al
u
es
p
ref
,
q
ref
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
ese
er
r
o
r
s
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
s
i
m
ilar
to
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
to
r
q
u
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
ac
h
in
e
s
w
h
o
s
e
t
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
th
e
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
ar
e
th
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
q
u
a
n
titi
e
s
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
p
li
f
ied
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
n
e
w
DP
C
b
ased
o
n
ar
ti
f
icial
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
wo
r
k
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
o
n
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
f
o
r
th
e
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
,
in
w
h
ich
(
S
a
, S
b
, S
c
)
ar
e
th
e
s
witch
i
n
g
s
tates o
f
th
e
V
SI.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
o
b
tain
a
u
n
it
y
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
,
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
o
f
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
is
d
ir
ec
tl
y
i
m
p
o
s
e
d
eq
u
al
to
ze
r
o
.
W
h
ile
th
e
DP
C
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
u
s
e
s
th
e
an
g
u
lar
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
to
d
ete
r
m
in
e
th
e
s
ec
to
r
o
f
w
o
r
k
,
f
o
r
t
h
at,
t
h
e
α
-
β
p
la
n
e
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
t
w
elv
e
eq
u
al
s
ec
to
r
s
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
ese
s
ec
to
r
s
ar
e
d
ete
r
m
in
ed
n
u
m
er
icall
y
as
f
o
ll
o
w
:
(
1
)
66
n
nn
;
n
=1
,
2
,
…,
1
2
(
3
)
W
h
er
e
n
is
t
h
e
s
ec
to
r
n
u
m
b
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
te
m
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
9
7
9
–
989
982
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DP
C
s
tr
ateg
y
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Secto
r
s
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
o
f
VSI
4.
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
F
U
Z
Z
Y
L
O
G
I
C
CO
NT
RO
L
L
E
R
S
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
l
is
a
s
tr
ateg
y
u
s
ed
in
ar
ti
f
icial
i
n
t
ellig
e
n
ce
.
I
t
allo
w
s
d
eter
m
i
n
i
n
g
a
v
er
y
ef
f
icien
t
co
n
tr
o
l
la
w
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
W
h
ile
th
e
f
u
zz
y
co
n
tr
o
lle
r
is
b
ased
o
n
th
r
ee
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t step
s
: f
u
zz
i
f
i
ca
tio
n
,
in
f
er
en
ce
en
g
i
n
e
an
d
d
ef
u
zz
i
f
i
ca
tio
n
[
1
5
]
.
I
n
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
,
th
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
s
y
s
te
m
h
as
t
w
o
i
n
p
u
t
s
f
o
r
th
e
a
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
b
lo
ck
a
n
d
t
w
o
i
n
p
u
ts
f
o
r
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
b
lo
ck
.
T
h
ese
i
n
p
u
t
s
ar
e
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
s
o
f
ac
t
iv
e
p
o
w
er
e
p
,
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
e
q
a
n
d
t
h
eir
v
ar
ia
tio
n
s
de
p
,
d
e
q
; th
e
y
ar
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
A
d
va
n
ce
d
Dir
ec
t P
o
w
er C
o
n
tr
o
l fo
r
Gri
d
-
C
o
n
n
ec
ted
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
Gen
era
tio
n
S
ystem
.
.
.
.
(
Mu
s
ta
p
h
a
Ja
mma
)
983
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
1
)
p
r
e
f
p
p
p
e
k
p
k
p
k
d
e
k
e
k
e
k
(
4
)
An
d
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
1
)
q
r
e
f
q
q
q
e
k
q
k
q
k
d
e
k
e
k
e
k
(
5
)
4
.
1
.
F
uzzif
ica
t
io
n
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
f
u
zz
i
f
i
ca
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
s
o
f
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
s
,
w
e
h
a
v
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
th
e
tr
ap
ez
o
id
al
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
t
w
o
f
u
zz
y
s
ets c
h
o
s
en
to
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
t
h
is
f
u
zz
i
f
icatio
n
ar
e:
N
(
Neg
ati
v
e)
,
P
(
P
o
s
itiv
e)
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
ar
iab
les
ar
e
th
e
t
w
o
lo
g
ic
o
u
tp
u
ts
d
p
an
d
d
q
o
f
t
w
o
f
u
zz
y
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
,
th
e
d
is
co
u
r
s
e
u
n
iv
er
s
e
o
f
its
o
u
tp
u
t
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
t
w
o
f
u
zz
y
s
ets,
its
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
ar
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
t
y
p
e
s
in
g
leto
n
.
T
h
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
in
p
u
t a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
ar
iab
les ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
es 5
,
6
an
d
7
.
F
ig
u
r
e
5
.
Me
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
f
o
r
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Me
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
f
o
r
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
te
m
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
9
7
9
–
989
984
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Me
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t v
ar
iab
le
o
f
t
h
e
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
4
.
2
.
I
nfe
re
nce
eng
ine
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
li
n
g
u
i
s
tic
v
ar
iab
le
s
e
p
,
d
e
p
,
e
q
an
d
d
e
q
attac
k
th
e
i
n
f
er
en
ce
en
g
i
n
e
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
lin
g
u
i
s
tic
r
u
les
ar
e
ex
ec
u
ted
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
s
e
ts
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
ar
e
th
en
d
eter
m
in
ed
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
u
zz
y
i
m
p
l
icatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
f
Ma
m
d
an
i
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
T
ab
le
1
in
d
icate
s
t
h
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
lin
g
u
is
tic
r
u
le
s
o
f
ac
ti
v
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
;
th
ese
r
u
les ca
n
b
e
w
r
itte
n
i
n
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
f
o
r
m
:
I
F
(
e
p
I
S N)
A
ND
(
d
e
p
I
S P
)
T
HE
N
(
d
p
I
S P)
I
F
(
e
q
I
S N)
A
ND
(
d
e
q
I
S P
)
T
HE
N
(
d
q
I
S P)
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l lin
g
u
is
tic
r
u
les o
f
ac
ti
v
e
an
d
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
4
.
3
.
Def
uzzif
ica
t
io
n
T
h
is
d
ef
u
zz
i
f
icatio
n
b
lo
ck
all
o
w
s
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
li
n
g
u
is
tic
v
a
r
iab
les
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
t
w
o
f
u
zz
y
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
to
r
ea
l
v
ar
iab
les.
T
o
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
i
s
task
,
s
e
v
er
al
tech
n
iq
u
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
e
l
iter
atu
r
e
[
1
7
]
.
I
n
o
u
r
ca
s
e,
th
e
ce
n
ter
o
f
g
r
av
it
y
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
u
s
ed
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
i
s
d
ef
f
u
zz
i
f
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
a
l
s
w
itch
in
g
tab
le
o
f
th
e
DP
C
is
g
i
v
e
n
in
T
ab
le
2
.
I
t
w
as
b
u
ilt
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
o
f
t
w
o
f
u
zz
y
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
d
p
,
d
q
an
d
th
e
s
ec
to
r
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
w
o
r
k
ɣ
n
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Sw
itch
in
g
tab
le
o
f
t
h
e
DP
C
5.
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
NE
U
RAL
NE
T
WO
RK
S SE
L
E
CT
O
R
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
i
s
r
elati
v
el
y
r
ec
e
n
t.
T
h
e
o
r
ig
i
n
o
f
th
e
s
e
latter
co
m
e
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
o
d
eli
n
g
test
o
f
b
io
lo
g
ical
n
e
u
r
o
n
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
ey
f
o
r
m
a
s
e
t o
f
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
allo
w
i
n
g
b
u
ild
in
g
b
y
lear
n
i
n
g
,
a
v
ast
f
a
m
il
y
o
f
m
o
d
els
an
d
n
o
n
-
li
n
ea
r
co
r
r
ec
to
r
s
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
i
n
t
h
e
n
e
u
r
a
l
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
s
p
r
ea
d
s
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
la
y
er
to
an
o
t
h
er
.
W
e
ca
n
d
is
ti
n
g
u
is
h
th
r
ee
t
y
p
es
o
f
la
y
er
s
:
an
in
p
u
t
la
y
er
,
h
id
d
en
la
y
er
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
la
y
er
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
n
eu
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
i
n
m
a
n
y
ar
ea
s
i
n
clu
d
e
th
e
clas
s
i
f
icatio
n
,
p
atte
r
n
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
,
th
e
s
tatic
o
r
d
y
n
a
m
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
o
f
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l o
f
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
p
r
o
ce
s
s
e
s
[
2
1
]
.
e
p,
q
de
p,
q
N
p
N
N
N
p
p
p
d
p
d
q
ɣ
1
ɣ
2
ɣ
3
ɣ
4
ɣ
5
ɣ
6
ɣ
7
ɣ
8
ɣ
9
ɣ
10
ɣ
11
ɣ
12
1
0
V
1
V
2
V
2
V
3
V
3
V
4
V
4
V
5
V
5
V
6
V
6
V
1
1
1
V
6
V
1
V
1
V
2
V
2
V
3
V
3
V
4
V
4
V
5
V
5
V
6
0
0
V
2
V
3
V
3
V
4
V
4
V
5
V
5
V
6
V
6
V
1
V
1
V
2
0
1
V
7
V
7
V
0
V
0
V
7
V
7
V
0
V
0
V
7
V
7
V
0
V
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
A
d
va
n
ce
d
Dir
ec
t P
o
w
er C
o
n
tr
o
l fo
r
Gri
d
-
C
o
n
n
ec
ted
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
Gen
era
tio
n
S
ystem
.
.
.
.
(
Mu
s
ta
p
h
a
Ja
mma
)
985
I
n
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
,
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
ch
an
g
e
t
h
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
s
el
ec
to
r
o
f
th
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
o
f
t
h
e
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
V
SI
b
y
a
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
s
elec
to
r
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
r
ip
p
les
o
f
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
n
e
u
r
al
s
elec
t
o
r
ar
e
th
e
a
n
g
u
lar
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
an
d
th
e
p
o
w
er
er
r
o
r
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
So
,
th
e
s
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
ar
e
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
tate
s
o
f
th
e
VSI
.
F
ig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
u
s
ed
.
W
h
ile,
th
e
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
th
e
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
u
s
ed
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
is
n
eu
r
al
s
elec
to
r
is
g
en
er
ated
b
y
Ma
tlab
/ Si
m
u
li
n
k
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
A
r
ch
itectu
r
e
o
f
AN
N
s
elec
to
r
T
ab
le
3
.
P
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
t
h
e
n
eu
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
u
s
ed
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
n
e
u
r
o
n
s i
n
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
l
a
y
e
r
3
n
e
u
r
o
n
s
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
n
e
u
r
o
n
s i
n
t
h
e
h
i
d
d
e
n
l
a
y
e
r
2
0
n
e
u
r
o
n
s
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
n
e
u
r
o
n
s i
n
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
l
a
y
e
r
3
n
e
u
r
o
n
s
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
e
p
o
c
h
s
1
5
0
0
M
e
a
n
sq
u
a
r
e
e
r
r
o
r
10
-
6
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m o
f
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
B
a
c
k
p
r
o
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
Ty
p
e
o
f
a
c
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
s
T
a
n
si
g
a
n
d
P
u
r
e
l
i
n
6.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
AND
ANA
L
YS
I
S
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
s
h
o
w
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
n
e
w
DP
C
s
tr
at
eg
y
b
ased
o
n
ar
tif
icial
n
e
u
r
a
l
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ap
p
lied
to
a
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
ted
th
r
ee
p
h
a
s
e
DC
/
AC
co
n
v
er
ter
s
y
s
te
m
,
we
p
r
esen
t,
in
t
h
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
n
u
m
er
ical
s
i
m
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
i
n
th
e
T
ab
le
4
.
T
ab
le
4
.
E
lectr
ical
p
a
r
am
eter
s
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s o
f
sy
st
e
m
V
a
l
u
e
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
1
0
K
H
z
L
i
n
e
i
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
L
0
.
0
1
H
DC
-
b
u
s c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
C
2
4
0
0
µ
F
G
r
i
d
p
h
a
se
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
U
5
0
V
G
r
i
d
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
f
5
0
H
z
dc
-
b
u
s
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
V
dc
1
1
3
V
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
Ma
tlab
/Si
m
u
lin
k
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
i
n
s
tead
y
an
d
tr
a
n
s
i
en
t
s
ta
te.
T
h
is
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
t
u
d
y
w
as
co
n
d
u
cted
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
to
p
r
esen
t
a
n
d
e
x
p
lain
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
n
e
w
DP
C
tech
n
iq
u
e,
a
n
d
also
to
ex
p
o
s
e
th
ese
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
es
9
-
1
5
s
h
o
w
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
o
f
th
e
n
e
w
DP
C
s
ch
e
m
e
i
n
s
tea
d
y
-
s
tate
u
n
d
er
a
u
n
i
t
y
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
atio
n
o
f
th
e
t
w
elv
e
s
ec
to
r
s
o
f
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
i
n
th
e
α
-
β
co
o
r
d
in
ate
w
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
.
T
h
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
s
tates
S
a
,
S
b
a
n
d
S
c
o
f
th
e
s
w
i
t
ch
es
o
f
th
e
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
VSI
e
s
tab
lis
h
ed
b
y
t
h
e
ANN
s
elec
to
r
.
T
h
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
t
h
e
DC
-
b
u
s
v
o
lta
g
e
V
dc
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
h
ase
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
i
s
g
iv
e
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
t
h
e
ac
tiv
e
a
n
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
i
n
j
ec
ted
in
to
u
til
it
y
g
r
id
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
is
f
i
g
u
r
e,
it
was
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
t
h
e
DP
C
s
tr
ateg
y
b
ased
o
n
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
,
w
h
ic
h
d
o
n
o
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
an
y
ex
ac
te
m
a
th
e
m
ati
ca
l
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
s
t
u
d
ied
s
y
s
te
m
,
an
d
th
e
A
NN
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
v
id
e
b
etter
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
ac
tiv
e
a
n
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
an
d
also
a
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
m
in
i
m
izatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
ip
p
le
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
p
o
w
er
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
a
f
i
x
ed
ti
m
e
p
er
io
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
i
llu
s
tr
ates
th
e
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
s
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
ts
in
j
ec
ted
in
to
th
e
g
r
id
u
n
d
er
a
UP
F,
it
m
a
y
b
e
n
o
ted
t
h
at
t
h
ese
c
u
r
r
en
ts
h
a
v
e
al
m
o
s
t
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
f
o
r
m
s
,
w
h
ic
h
g
i
v
es
a
r
ed
u
ce
d
T
HD
w
h
ich
i
s
0
.
1
7
%.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
I
a
an
d
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
U
a
in
j
ec
ted
in
to
th
e
g
r
id
ar
e
in
p
h
ase
w
h
ic
h
ill
u
s
tr
ate
s
a
UP
F,
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
te
m
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
9
7
9
–
989
986
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
T
h
e
t
w
elv
e
s
ec
to
r
s
o
f
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
T
h
e
s
w
itch
in
g
s
tate
s
S
a
, S
b
an
d
S
c
o
f
t
h
e
VSI
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
DC
b
u
s
v
o
lta
g
e
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
W
av
ef
o
r
m
o
f
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
V
SI
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
A
d
va
n
ce
d
Dir
ec
t P
o
w
er C
o
n
tr
o
l fo
r
Gri
d
-
C
o
n
n
ec
ted
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
Gen
era
tio
n
S
ystem
.
.
.
.
(
Mu
s
ta
p
h
a
Ja
mma
)
987
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
W
av
ef
o
r
m
o
f
t
h
e
in
j
ec
ted
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
in
to
g
r
id
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
I
a
, I
b
an
d
I
c
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
.
P
h
ase
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
g
r
id
cu
r
r
en
t
s
at
UP
F
T
h
e
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
Fig
u
r
es
1
6
-
1
8
p
r
esen
t
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
r
es
u
lts
o
f
t
h
e
n
e
w
DP
C
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
n
tr
an
s
ien
t
s
tate
u
n
d
er
a
UP
F,
f
o
r
a
s
tep
c
h
an
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
o
f
p
ref
=
0
W
to
p
ref
=
1
0
0
W
at
t
=
0
.
0
7
5
s
.
T
h
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
6
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
ac
ti
v
e
a
n
d
r
ea
ct
iv
e
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
in
to
u
til
i
t
y
g
r
id
,
w
e
ca
n
n
o
te
h
er
e
th
at
th
e
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
h
a
s
a
g
o
o
d
tr
ac
k
in
g
o
f
its
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
w
ith
o
u
t
af
f
ec
ti
n
g
t
h
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
(
UP
F),
w
h
ic
h
il
lu
s
tr
ates
a
d
ec
o
u
p
led
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
o
w
er
s
.
T
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
ts
i
n
j
ec
ted
in
to
u
t
ilit
y
g
r
id
r
esp
o
n
d
s
w
ell
to
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
th
e
r
e
f
er
en
c
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
,
h
e
estab
lis
h
es
q
u
ick
l
y
a
f
ter
a
tr
an
s
itio
n
p
h
ase
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
7
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t I
a
an
d
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
U
a
ar
e
in
p
h
a
s
e
(
UP
F)
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
8
.
I
t
is
e
v
id
en
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
es
u
lts
th
a
t
t
h
e
DP
C
s
ch
e
m
e
b
ased
o
n
ar
ti
f
icial
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
ted
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
v
er
ter
,
in
s
tead
y
an
d
tr
an
s
ie
n
t
s
tate,
g
iv
e
b
etter
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
o
v
er
s
h
o
o
t,
f
as
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
s
tatic
er
r
o
r
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
y
p
r
esen
t
a
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
e
s
s
,
ex
ce
lle
n
t
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
ac
ti
v
e
an
d
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l,
as
w
ell
as a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
m
iti
g
atio
n
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t r
ip
p
les
w
h
ic
h
s
ee
m
s
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al,
w
h
ic
h
g
iv
e
s
a
r
ed
u
ce
d
T
HD.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
te
m
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
9
7
9
–
989
988
Fig
u
r
e
1
6
.
T
h
e
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
o
f
t
h
e
in
j
ec
ted
ac
tiv
e
a
n
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
i
n
th
e
g
r
id
w
ith
ac
t
iv
e
p
o
w
er
s
tep
Fig
u
r
e
1
7
.
T
h
e
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
o
f
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
w
it
h
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
s
tep
Fig
u
r
e
1
8
.
P
h
ase
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
g
r
id
cu
r
r
en
t
s
(
UP
F)
w
it
h
a
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
s
tep
7.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
w
e
h
av
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
an
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
DP
C
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
in
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
ted
p
h
o
to
v
o
lta
ic
s
y
s
te
m
s
b
ased
o
n
in
te
lli
g
en
t
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
i
s
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
o
f
c
o
n
tr
o
l is
s
i
m
u
lated
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
Ma
tlab
/S
i
m
u
li
n
k
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
ar
e
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
r
ip
p
les
o
f
th
e
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
,
m
ai
n
tai
n
th
e
s
e
p
o
w
er
s
at
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
lev
el
as
w
ell
a
s
it
g
u
ar
an
tee
s
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
w
it
h
lo
w
T
HD.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
l
ts
o
b
tain
ed
h
av
e
atte
s
te
d
g
o
o
d
s
tatic,
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
a
n
d
ex
ce
lle
n
t r
o
b
u
s
t
n
ess
o
f
th
is
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
co
n
t
r
o
l sch
e
m
e
i
n
s
tead
y
an
d
tr
an
s
ien
t sta
te.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.