In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
3, S
ep 2019,
pp.
1
6
2
8
~1
6
3
7
ISSN: 2088-
8694,
DOI
:
10.11591
/ijpeds.
v10.
i
3.pp1628-1637
1628
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
Design of solar photovoltaic
pressurized drip irrigation
pum
ping system at A
l-sal
m
an D
is
trict in Samawa Governorate
R
agh
ad
A
li Me
jee
d
,
S
a
ma
h Sh
y
a
a
Ouda
h
,
Ra
sha
Ya
s
e
n
Abed
Depart
m
e
n
t
o
f Electri
cal an
d
M
ach
in
e Dep
a
rt
m
e
nt
, Colleg
e
o
f
Eng
ineering Diyala, Iraq
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
Dec
1
2
,
2
018
Re
vise
d Mar
2,
201
9
A
c
c
e
pte
d
A
pr 3,
201
9
Th
e
s
eason
al
c
lim
ate
ch
ang
e
s
h
a
ve
d
i
r
ect
e
f
f
ects
on
d
eterm
i
n
a
ti
on
o
f
crop
wat
e
r
requi
rem
e
nt,
irri
ga
ti
on
s
c
h
edul
in
g
an
d
the
po
ten
t
i
a
l
o
f
s
ol
ar
e
nergy
gen
e
ratio
n
t
o
o
p
e
rat
e
t
he
p
um
p
i
ng
s
yst
e
m
for
w
a
t
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ring
c
rops.
Th
i
s
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es
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rch
p
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pe
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stud
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c
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t
io
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ola
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ping
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n
d
p
re
ss
urized
d
rip
irri
gation
syst
e
m
s
t
o
i
nvesti
g
at
e
th
e
recom
m
e
nd
ed
w
at
er
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equ
i
re
d
for
su
gg
ested
t
o
m
a
toes
c
rop
i
n
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rea
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f
(
on
e
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ectare)
a
t
A
L
-S
al
man
d
is
tri
c
t
usi
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m
easu
r
e
d
c
l
i
m
a
ti
c
dat
a
f
ro
m
A
L
-S
a
l
man
Agro-m
et
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o
rol
ogical
w
eath
er
st
ati
o
n
f
o
r
a
per
i
od
(
2
0
1
3
-20
1
7
)
.
The
m
a
xim
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m
aver
ag
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m
o
nth
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o
f
s
o
la
r
radi
ati
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.
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kW
h/m
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at
June
i
n
all
th
e year
s
of
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rdi
ng
dat
a
,
whil
e
the
m
i
nim
u
m
average
mo
nt
hl
y
v
a
lue
was
3.
37kW
h
/
m
2
a
t
D
ecemb
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r
wh
ere
the
su
n
at
l
ow
est
poin
t
across
t
h
e
sky
.
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he
a
nn
ual
ave
r
age
ho
urs
of
p
e
a
k
su
n
that
corres
pon
ds
t
o
the
operat
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o
n
t
ime
o
f
t
he
p
u
m
p
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st
em
a
t
m
a
xi
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m
wa
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o
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fr
o
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M
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r
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o
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e
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ile
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s
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urs/da
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g
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he
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th
e
r
f
o
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r
m
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hs
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a
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ary,
F
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ruary
,
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ovem
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a
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D
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r).
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e
S
o
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r
p
u
mp
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g
si
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ased
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n
H
-
Q
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ty
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K
eyw
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:
Cr
o
p
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ip irr
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tio
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IRR
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o
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m
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n
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f
orm
ity
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oe
fficie
n
t
Wa
t
e
r r
e
qu
irem
ents
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Ra
gha
d A
l
i
Me
j
e
ed,
De
p
a
rt
e
m
e
n
t
of
El
ec
t
r
i
c
al
a
nd
M
ach
in
e Dep
a
rt
me
nt
,
D
i
ya
la
U
nive
rsity,
D
i
yala
G
o
v
er
n
o
r
a
te,
Ir
aq.
Em
ail:
dr.r
aghada
lj
our
ni
@
g
ma
il
.
c
om
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
The
g
l
o
b
a
l
w
a
r
m
i
n
g
a
nd
c
l
i
m
ate
cha
nge
a
re
t
he
b
i
gges
t
p
r
o
bl
e
m
o
f
u
s
in
g
fo
s
s
i
l
f
ul
es.
Th
e
r
efo
r
e,
it
i
m
p
ortan
t
t
o
use
a
n
a
lte
r
n
at
i
v
e
s
o
urce
o
f
ener
g
y
t
o
achie
ve
cle
a
ner
env
i
ro
nm
ent
w
i
th
l
ow
c
os
t
o
f
ma
nufac
t
u
r
i
ng.
T
he
s
e
c
t
o
r
o
f
e
lectr
i
c
i
t
y
i
n
Ira
q
ha
s
bee
n
e
n
dur
e
d
f
rom
ma
ny
p
ro
b
l
em
s
si
nc
e
199
0
up
t
o
n
ow
.
F
o
s
s
i
l
f
u
e
l
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
e
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g
i
n
w
a
t
e
r
o
f
T
i
g
r
i
s
a
n
d
E
u
p
h
r
a
t
e
s
l
e
d
m
an
y
re
sear
cher
s
t
o
f
in
d
a
l
ter
n
a
t
i
v
e
way
to
g
e
n
era
t
e
le
c
t
ric
i
t
y
a
n
d
a
gri
c
ul
tur
e
i
rri
gat
i
on
a
n
d
t
h
er
efo
r
e
,
re
new
a
ble
e
n
erg
y
s
uch
as
s
ola
r
,
w
i
nd,
b
i
o
m
ass
and
ge
ot
herm
al
e
ne
rg
ies
a
r
e
one
o
f
t
h
ese
w
a
ys,
w
h
ich
nec
e
ssary
to
b
e
use
d
t
o
ge
nera
te
e
lectr
i
c
ity
f
or
di
ffe
re
nt
pote
n
tia
l
uses
[
1-3].
More
over,
t
h
e
i
ncr
ease
in
t
he
p
op
ul
at
ion
h
a
s
b
een
m
ade
t
h
e
wat
e
r
av
ai
l
i
b
i
l
t
very
s
ig
ni
fica
n
t
.
T
h
e
r
efore,
t
he
e
ffec
ti
ve
m
anage
m
e
n
t
of
w
ater
resour
ces
i
n
agriculture
i
rriga
ti
o
n
i
s
c
r
ucia
l
role
t
o
s
u
s
t
ai
n
t
h
e
fu
t
u
re
o
f
foo
d
s
ec
uri
t
y.
G
ene
r
all
y
,
t
h
er
e
a
re
t
w
o
t
ype
s
a
ccor
d
i
n
g
to
t
he
s
o
u
rc
e
of
f
ee
din
g
elec
tr
ici
t
y
t
o
i
rriga
te
f
a
r
m
esp
e
c
i
a
l
l
y
i
n
rura
l
ar
ea.
T
he
f
irs
t
ty
p
e
i
s
the
c
onve
n
t
i
o
nal
p
u
m
pin
g
s
ys
t
e
ms
w
hic
h
ca
n
be
f
e
d
by gri
d
e
l
e
c
t
rica
l
sys
t
e
m
o
r
w
o
rki
n
g
o
n
d
i
e
sel
fue
l
.
W
hi
l
e
,
t
h
e
se
co
nd
t
ype
i
s
t
h
e
i
s
o
l
a
t
e
d
p
um
pin
g
sy
st
ems,
w
h
i
c
h
wo
r
k
on
av
a
ila
b
l
e
sol
ar
p
o
w
er,
wi
t
h
ou
t
e
l
ect
ri
ca
l s
t
ora
g
e
[4]. The
l
a
t
e
r
t
ype
is o
n
e o
f
the
m
o
s
t
effec
t
i
v
e
an
d
e
ffe
c
i
ne
t
w
a
y
t
o
i
rr
ig
a
t
e
t
h
e
fa
rm
w
hich
i
s
calle
d
dr
ip
i
rri
gat
i
on
w
a
y
[5].
T
his
w
a
y
is
w
ide
l
y
use
d
i
n
a
g
ric
u
lt
ure
irri
gat
i
on
w
i
t
h
t
he
h
e
l
p
of
s
o
l
a
r
e
ne
rgy
(p
ho
tov
o
l
t
a
i
c)
e
sp
eci
a
l
ly
i
n
d
r
i
p
i
rrig
a
t
i
on
pump
i
ng s
y
ste
m
[6,
7].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
e
si
g
n
o
f
sola
r
ph
o
t
ov
ol
t
a
ic
pre
s
s
u
r
i
zed d
r
i
p
irr
i
ga
ti
o
n
pu
m
p
i
ng sys
t
em
… (
R
a
g
h
ad
Ali
Mejee
d
)
1
629
P
V
“
pho
to
v
o
lt
aic
”
s
o
l
a
r
e
ne
r
gy
has
b
een
w
i
d
le
y
used
t
o
g
e
ner
a
te
e
le
ctr
i
c
i
t
y
t
o
oper
a
te
t
he
p
ump
i
n
g
sys
t
em
, espec
i
a
lly i
n
t
h
e loc
a
t
i
o
n
wher
e t
h
e
r
e is
a
limi
t
ed o
r
no ot
her sour
ces of ener
g
y
. Th
i
s
has
v
i
t
al bene
f
it
suc
h
t
ha
t
t
h
er
e
is
no
diese
l
p
um
p
r
e
pa
ir
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
a
n
d
an
y
ty
p
e
of
f
u
l
e
w
i
l
l
b
e
use
l
ess
[
8
]
.
F
igur
e
1
c
l
e
a
r
l
y
show
s
how
t
he
P
V
p
a
nel
ca
n
be
u
se
d
as
a
s
o
l
ar
d
r
i
p
i
r
r
i
gat
i
o
n
s
ys
tem
.
T
he
f
i
gur
e
c
l
e
a
r
l
y
show
e
d
t
ha
t
se
ve
r
a
l
f
act
or
s
ma
y
af
fec
t
t
he
d
esig
n
of
t
he
s
ys
t
e
m
uni
t
.
F
i
gur
e
1.
D
igr
a
m
show
ing
t
h
e
so
lar
dr
ip
i
r
r
iga
tio
n
sy
s
t
em
[
9
]
Tw
o
st
u
d
ie
d
s
i
t
e
s
in
S
an
ga
sa
r
a
nd
K
a
r
k
uk
o
f
I
r
a
qi
K
ur
d
i
s
t
an
w
e
r
e
stu
d
i
e
d
u
s
i
ng
“
C
R
O
P
WA
T
8.
0”
sof
t
w
a
r
e
f
or
s
e
v
e
r
al
c
r
o
ps.
T
h
e
e
v
ap
o
t
r
a
ns
p
i
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
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a
ng
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s
ar
z
one
w
a
s
f
o
u
nd
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9
-
8
m
m
/
da
y,
w
h
i
le
i
t
w
a
s
1.
5
to
1
2
m
m
/
d
a
y
in
K
ar
ku
k
z
one.
T
h
e
t
o
ta
l
e
s
t
i
m
a
te
d
w
a
t
e
r
r
e
qui
r
e
me
n
t
f
or
g
r
a
pe
i
n
the
S
o
r
a
n
r
e
gi
o
n
w
a
s
f
o
und
98
7.
6
m
m
,
w
hile
i
t
w
a
s
16
3
5
.
1
m
m
at
M
a
k
hmur
[
10
]
.
T
he
i
r
r
i
ga
tio
n
syste
m
i
n
pa
ks
t
a
n
i
s
t
h
e
be
st
o
ne
in
t
he
w
orld
in
sp
ite
o
f the
wa
te
r la
ck i
n the
c
o
u
n
t
ry.
Ther
efo
r
e
, f
ro
m t
h
e
pri
n
ci
pl
e
o
f
g
e
t
ti
ng
m
o
r
e
c
r
op
s f
r
o
m
dr
op,
a
d
r
i
p
ir
r
i
ga
tio
n
sys
t
em
can
e
f
f
ec
in
tl
y
be
u
se
d
w
i
t
h
t
he
he
lp
o
f
PV
e
le
ctr
i
ci
t
y
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
on
a
nd
the
late
r
is
the
be
st
s
o
l
uti
o
n
f
o
r
the
ele
c
t
r
i
c
a
v
ail
a
b
i
lit
y
[
11]
.
Last
b
u
t
not
l
e
a
st
,
Mo
st
o
f
li
t
r
et
u
r
e
showed
a
n
e
n
courag
i
n
g
re
s
u
lts
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
P
V
t
o
gener
a
te
e
l
e
c
tr
ici
t
y
f
or
pump
i
ng
s
y
s
t
e
m
ope
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
be
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
d
r
i
p
i
r
r
i
gat
i
on
tec
h
n
i
q
u
es
[
1
2
,
13]
.
R
e
c
e
nt
l
y
,
th
is
t
ech
n
i
q
u
e
ha
s
bee
n
w
id
ly
u
se
d
i
n
t
he
a
rea
wher
e
the
elec
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
gr
id
i
s
n
o
t
a
v
a
i
lab
l
e
suc
h
a
s
rur
a
l
ar
ea.
The
P
V
pum
p
i
n
g
s
ys
t
e
m
ne
ed
t
o
be
d
esi
g
ned
ca
r
e
f
u
l
l
y
to
g
e
t
m
or
e
e
ffici
e
n
t
d
r
ip
i
rrig
a
tio
n
su
ch
a
s
sol
a
r
pa
ne
ls,
s
p
aci
n
g
b
etw
e
e
n
t
he
l
a
t
er
a
l
[
1
4
]
.
F
igur
e
2
sum
m
a
ris
i
n
g
the
pa
r
a
m
e
ter
s
t
he
a
ffe
cti
n
g
the
P
V
p
umpi
n
g
sy
s
t
em [
1
5
,
1
6].
I
n
I
r
aq,
the
e
xper
e
mi
nta
l
w
or
k
o
f
u
s
i
ng
so
l
a
r
pow
er
s
ys
tem
dr
i
p
ir
r
i
ga
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
i
que
i
s
v
e
r
y
limi
t
e
d
[
1
5
]
.
T
he
r
e
for
e
,
the
t
e
st
,
desi
g
n
a
nd
eval
ua
tio
n
is
v
e
r
y
impor
t
a
n
t
t
o
be
s
t
u
die
d
i
n
te
r
m
s
of
e
ff
i
c
ie
nc
y
a
n
d
co
st.
T
h
e
r
efore,
t
he
c
ur
rent
s
tu
d
y
i
s
e
x
am
ined
w
he
th
e
r
P
V
i
s
d
u
a
b
l
e
t
o
be
u
se
d
to
ope
r
a
te
t
he
p
u
m
pin
g
sys
t
em
e
spec
i
a
l
l
y
i
n
t
he
r
ur
al
a
r
ea
of
I
r
a
q.
Base
d
on
th
is,
th
e
pr
ese
n
t
s
t
u
d
y
w
a
s
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
ga
te
d
a
sola
r
P
V
pum
p
i
n
g
s
ys
t
e
m
to
s
at
is
fy
c
r
ops
w
ater
,
w
h
ic
h
is
n
e
e
d
e
d
b
y
pr
ess
uriz
ed
d
ri
p
irr
i
ga
tio
n
syste
m
.
The
re
late
d
a
r
ising
r
e
sear
ch
que
st
ions
a
r
e
h
ow
t
he
p
r
o
po
se
d
s
y
s
t
em
w
i
ll
be
efficiently
cov
e
red
th
e
w
a
ter
req
u
i
r
emen
t
fo
r
ir
r
i
ga
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
am
ount
o
f
w
a
t
e
r
tha
t
n
ee
d
s
t
o
be
a
pp
l
i
e
d
a
nd
w
h
e
n
it
sh
o
u
ld
b
e
a
p
plie
d
t
o
a
s
pe
ci
fied
c
rop
as
wel
l
[
9
]
.
Th
e
pre
s
e
n
t
re
se
arc
h
w
as
s
t
u
d
i
ed
a
r
ea
so
n
a
b
l
e
,
eco
no
m
i
c
a
n
d
p
r
a
ctic
al
l
y
a
p
p
l
ic
able so
l
ut
i
ons
f
or
t
he
e
l
e
c
tr
ica
l
pow
e
r
s
hor
tage
i
n
a
d
d
i
tio
n
t
o
t
he
l
ack
o
f
w
a
ter
r
e
qu
ir
ed
f
or
c
r
o
p
s
i
r
r
i
gat
i
on
in
t
he
m
ost
r
u
r
a
l
a
r
e
a
s
of
I
r
a
q
(
A
L-
Sa
lma
n
d
is
tr
ic
t)
.
The
pr
o
pose
d
s
o
l
uti
o
n
w
a
s
con
d
u
c
t
e
d
by
m
ode
l
i
n
g
a
s
ol
a
r
-
p
ow
e
r
ed
d
r
i
p
ir
r
i
ga
t
i
o
n
s
yst
e
m
usi
ng
CRO
P
W
A
T
8.
0
S
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
t
o
ver
i
f
y
t
he
s
at
is
f
act
i
o
n
of
t
he
r
e
c
om
me
nded
w
a
ter
n
e
ed
s
fo
r to
mato
es cro
p
irr
i
g
a
tion
r
e
q
uiremen
t
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
3
, S
e
p
2
0
1
9
:
162
8
– 1
637
1
630
F
i
gure
2.
F
ac
to
r
s
tha
t a
ffe
c
t
e
d
the
P
V
w
a
te
r pum
p de
sig
n
[
15]
2.
M
A
T
E
RI
AL
S
A
N
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
S
The
re
al
m
easur
ed
c
l
i
ma
tic
d
ata
wa
s
use
d
f
or
e
st
ima
tio
n
t
h
e
c
r
o
p
s
w
ater
r
equire
me
n
t
a
nd
i
r
riga
t
i
o
n
sche
du
l
i
n
g
a
na
ly
sis
u
t
liz
in
g
E
x
c
e
l
M
S
a
n
d
C
RO
P
W
A
T
8.
0
S
o
ftw
a
re.
The
si
z
i
ng
of
d
r
i
p
ne
t
w
or
k
sys
t
e
m
w
as
si
m
u
late
d
u
s
i
n
g
u
n
iq
ue
Irr
i
P
ro
s
oftw
ar
e.
T
he
d
r
i
p
net
w
ork
sys
t
e
m
com
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
d
epen
d
on
c
r
o
p
t
yp
es,
t
h
e
pl
an
t
e
d
a
r
ea
,
wat
e
r
re
q
u
i
remen
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
l
a
n
ts,
a
n
d
so
il
t
ex
t
u
re
. The so
l
a
r
pum
p
i
n
g
s
ys
t
e
m w
a
s mode
le
d by
G
r
und
fos
P
r
od
uct
Ce
ntre
-bas
e
d
s
iz
in
g
so
ft
w
a
re
t
o
o
l
w
h
i
c
h
is
i
nt
eg
rat
e
d
i
n
G
ru
nd
fo
s
pu
mp
ing
a
nd
cov
e
rs
so
l
a
r
power
ed
s
y
s
tem
s
.
The
pr
o
p
ose
d
h
a
r
d
w
ar
e
com
pone
nt
o
f
the
sys
t
e
m
i
nc
lude
S
o
l
ar
m
od
u
l
e
s
,
3-
P
h
ase
so
l
a
r
inve
r
t
er,
S
o
lar
P
o
w
e
r
S
ubm
ersib
l
e
P
u
m
p
,
Wa
te
r
S
ource
L
e
v
e
l
S
w
it
c
h
es,
elec
tr
on
ic
i
rr
iga
t
ion
ma
nage
me
nt
and pr
ess
u
rize
d
dri
p
irriga
ti
o
n
sys
tem
as
s
how
n in F
i
g
ur
e 3.
F
i
gure
3.
L
ayo
u
t o
f
t
he
solar
P
hoto
v
o
l
tai
c
pr
e
ssurize
d
dri
p
i
rriga
tio
n p
u
m
p
ing
syste
m
3.
T
H
E
S
T
U
D
I
E
D
S
I
T
E
A
solar
ph
o
t
o
v
o
lta
ic
pressur
i
z
e
d
drip
i
r
ri
gat
i
on
p
ump
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
w
a
s
pro
p
o
se
d t
o
be i
n
sta
l
le
d a
t
rura
l
vi
llage
(
A
b
u
G
huw
a
i
r
)
w
ith
in
g
eo
gra
p
hica
l
co
ord
i
n
a
te
(
La
ti
tude
N°30
.5
404
,
Lon
g
it
ud
e
E°4
5
.
573
0
)
in
A
l
-
S
alm
a
n
di
st
r
i
c
t
/
A
l-
S
em
aw
a
govern
o
r
a
t
e
.
T
he
c
l
i
m
a
tic
d
a
t
a
u
s
e
d
h
ere
were
c
olle
cted
from
A
l
-
S
alm
a
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
e
sig
n
o
f
sol
a
r pho
t
o
v
o
l
t
aic
press
u
rized
d
r
ip
i
r
r
i
g
a
t
i
o
n pu
m
p
i
ng sy
ste
m
… (
R
ag
had
Al
i
Meje
ed)
1
631
A
g
ro-m
ete
o
ro
log
i
ca
l
w
e
ather
st
a
tio
n
(Lat
it
ude
N
°3
0.
52,
L
ong
it
u
d
e
E°
4
4
.
55)
/min
is
t
r
y
o
f
a
gric
ul
ture
i
n
Ir
a
q
as
i
n
F
i
g
u
re
4
.
The
aver
ag
e
m
onthl
y
da
t
a
w
a
s
m
ea
sured
for
a
per
i
o
d
(20
13-
20
1
7
)
as
i
n
the
Ta
ble
1.
The
pr
opose
d
a
gric
ul
t
u
ral
l
a
nd
i
s
one
H
ec
tare
w
hic
h
p
la
n
t
ed
w
it
h
sea
s
o
n
a
l
T
om
a
t
oe
s
crop
(1
00
%
o
f
t
o
ta
l
l
a
n
d
)
.
F
i
gur
e 4.
The
loc
a
t
i
on
o
f
A
l
-
Salm
an
A
gro-m
e
teor
o
l
o
g
i
ca
l
w
e
a
t
h
e
r
sta
tio
n
Tab
l
e
1.
D
ata of
A
gro-m
e
teo
r
ol
og
ica
l
f
or
A
l-S
a
l
m
an
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
M
onth
R
mm
TM
C°
Tm
C°
Ha
v.
%
WS
(m
/
s
)
SR
kW
h/
m
2
/m
E
T
˳
_
a
ve
g
mm
/d
a
y
Ja
n
8.
5
26.
32
0
.
30
60.
12
3
.
2
0
3.
64
2.
70
F
e
b
7.
6
26.
56
-
0.
60
50.
48
3
.
5
0
4.
79
3.
99
Ma
r
8.
0
32.
66
5
.
96
48.
21
3
.
7
7
5.
31
5.
73
A
p
r
6.
0
39.
94
7
.
09
37.
83
3
.
8
7
6.
20
8.
11
Ma
y
0.
5
43.
82
18.40
33.
26
4
.
1
2
6.
82
9.
72
Jun
0.
0
45.
78
20.42
16.
00
4
.
4
4
7.
58
11.
79
Jul
0.
0
49.
46
23.71
14.
60
4
.
7
9
7.
68
13.
13
A
ug
0.
0
48.
60
23.49
15.
95
3
.
6
3
7.
35
10.
82
S
e
p
0.
0
46.
15
19.51
18.
48
3
.
2
4
6.
35
8.
53
O
c
t
8.
3
40.
73
13.43
33.
76
3
.
1
6
4.
95
5.
67
N
ov
18.
4
32.
41
5
.
21
49.
17
2
.
9
6
3.
75
3.
59
D
ec
4.
8
27.
47
0
.
73
54.
73
3
.
1
0
3.
37
2.
74
Ave
r
a
g
e
5.
2
38.
32
11.47
36.
05
3
.
6
5
5.
65
7.
21
Wh
e
r
e
:
R
=
R
a
i
n,
T
M
=
Tem
p
e
r
a
t
ure,
T
m
=
M
i
n
Tem
p
e
r
a
t
ur
e
,
H
a
v
.
=
h
um
idit
y
,
W
S
=
Av
g
.W
ind
S
p
ee
d,
S
R
=
Tota
l
S
o
l
a
r
Ra
di
a
tion,
E
T
˳_a
v
g =
A
v
g
E
v
a
potr
a
nspira
tion.
4.
RESULT
S
AN
D
D
ISCU
SSIO
N
This
sect
io
n is de
v
ide
d
i
n su
b
s
ect
io
ns start
ed
f
rom
the
solar
pane
l
de
s
i
gn
a
nd i
t
’s a
ffe
c
t
ing
para
me
ters
suc
h
a
s ra
dati
on,
sun ho
ur
s,
pum
pi
ng
syste
m
s
e
l
ect
io
n a
n
d
i
nver
tor
etc.
4.1.
D
esign
of th
e
s
ol
ar
d
rip
water
p
u
m
p
i
n
g
syste
m
There
are
ma
ny
fac
t
or
s
w
a
s
cons
i
d
ere
d
w
hi
l
e
d
e
s
ig
n
i
n
g
a
s
ol
a
r
p
um
pi
ng
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
n
orde
r
to
s
e
l
e
c
t
a
pump,
c
o
n
t
r
oll
e
r
,
se
n
sors, sol
a
r
a
r
ra
y, w
iring, and
p
i
p
i
n
g
f
or
the s
o
la
r p
u
m
p
in
g
s
y
stem
. These para
me
te
rs
c
an
be
d
escri
b
e
d
br
i
efl
y
b
el
ow.
4.1.
1. S
olar r
a
d
iati
on
d
istrib
u
t
ion
The
d
i
s
t
r
i
bu
t
i
o
n
o
f
so
lar
radi
ati
o
n
o
n
A
L-
Salm
an
i
s
sh
ow
n
i
n
F
i
gu
re
5
.
Th
e
di
st
ri
buti
o
n
o
f
s
ol
a
r
radia
t
i
o
n
w
a
s
fou
n
d
m
ore
t
h
a
n
5
.0
k
Wh
/m
2
/
m
ont
h
from
M
arc
h
t
o
S
e
ptem
ber
w
i
t
h
a
m
ax
imum
v
al
ue
a
t
Jun
e
and
Ju
ly
i
n
a
l
l
t
h
e
year
s
of
r
e
c
or
d
i
n
g
d
at
a
(
from
20
13
-
2
0
17)
.
T
he
m
in
i
m
um
a
vera
ge
v
a
l
ue
s
o
f
m
o
n
th
l
y
s
olar
radia
t
i
o
n w
a
s at
D
ec
em
ber where
the
sun be
a
t low
e
st
poi
n
t
a
cro
ss the sky [
1
7]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
3
, S
e
p
2
0
1
9
:
162
8
– 1
637
1
632
Fi
g
u
r
e 5
.
So
l
ar rad
i
a
ti
on
on
ho
ri
zo
nt
al
s
u
r
f
ace
o
f se
l
ect
e
d
si
t
e
4
.
1
.
2
.
P
e
a
k
s
u
n
ho
ur
s
(
P
S
H
)
Th
e
p
e
ak
s
un
h
ou
rs
(
P
S
H
)
is
the
a
v
era
g
e
dai
l
y
o
f
su
n
h
ours
t
h
a
t
r
ece
i
v
e
d
on
a
sur
f
a
c
e
p
er
d
ay
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
e
q
u
i
v
ale
n
t
t
o
t
he
numbe
r
of
h
o
u
rs
t
ha
t
the
s
o
lar
irrad
i
a
n
c
e
w
i
t
h
a
p
e
a
k
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
1
k
W
/
m
2
.
P
S
H
c
alculat
i
o
n is ve
r
y im
por
t
a
n
t
i
n P
V
desi
gn w
h
ic
h ca
n b
e
d
et
er
mine
d
acc
ord
i
n
g
t
o e
qua
t
i
on
1.
Pea
k
S
u
n
H
o
u
r
s
ho
urs
.
/
/
(
1
)
The
a
v
era
g
e
o
f
P
SH
f
or
t
he
s
tu
d
i
ed
s
i
t
e
wa
s
in
ves
t
i
g
a
t
e
d
f
o
r
e
i
g
h
t
m
on
t
h
s
from
M
ar
ch
t
o
O
c
to
ber
,
the
re
su
ts
s
ho
w
e
d
t
h
a
t
m
ore
t
h
a
n
6
hour
s/da
y
an
d
5.2
h
ours
/
da
y
du
ri
ng
f
ou
r
mo
nt
h
s
(
Ja
n
u
a
ry
,
F
e
bru
a
ry,
N
ovem
b
er
a
nd
D
ec
em
ber)
p
e
r
a
y
e
a
r
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gur
e
6.
I
t
is
i
m
por
tan
t
t
o
inve
st
i
g
ate
the
ca
pa
b
i
l
i
ty
o
f
opera
tio
n
hour
s
o
f
s
o
l
a
r
p
u
m
pi
n
g
syste
m
.
The
g
l
oba
l
s
o
lar
ra
dia
ti
on
o
n
t
ilt
ed
s
u
rfac
e
s
i
s
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
o
n
hor
izo
n
t
al
s
urfa
ces
due
t
o
i
n
c
r
e
a
sin
g
i
n
re
fle
c
t
e
d
r
ad
ia
ti
o
n
f
r
om
g
rou
nd
s
u
rfac
e
a
nd
o
b
j
e
c
t
s
ne
ar
t
o
th
e
solar
modu
les
[18]
.
F
i
gure
6.
A
verage
dai
l
y
G
lo
b
a
l S
o
lar
radiat
i
on o
n
hor
i
z
on
ta
l an
d
ti
l
t
surfa
ce
in A
l
-S
alm
a
n si
te
4.1.
3.
S
e
lec
t
ion
of solar
w
at
er
p
u
m
p
The
op
tim
um
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
of
G
run
d
f
os
t
y
p
e
S
P
7
7
-
4
so
lar
p
u
m
p
w
a
s
c
o
ndu
c
t
e
d
b
ase
d
o
n
He
ad
-Fl
o
w
rate
p
erfor
m
ance
c
u
rve
(H-
Q
)
that
d
e
p
e
n
ds
o
n
ma
nu
fa
c
t
ur
er’s
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
2
a
n
d
F
i
gure
7.
T
o
t
a
l
d
ynam
i
c
hea
d
o
f
the
p
u
mp
s
ys
t
e
m
is
s
i
g
n
i
fic
a
n
t
in
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
ng
t
h
e
e
ffe
c
i
nt
p
u
m
p
w
h
ic
h
c
a
n
be
cal
c
ul
a
t
ed from (2).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
e
sig
n
o
f
sol
a
r pho
t
o
v
o
l
t
aic
press
u
rized
d
r
ip
i
r
r
i
g
a
t
i
o
n pu
m
p
i
ng sy
ste
m
… (
R
ag
had
Al
i
Meje
ed)
1
633
T
o
t
a
l D
y
n
a
m
i
c
H
e
a
d
(
f
t
)
=
S
t
ati
c
Head +
H
ead los
se
s +
Fri
c
tio
n
L
o
ss
Due
t
o
F
i
ttin
g
s
(2)
Table
2.
T
e
c
hni
c
a
l of
s
pe
cifica
ti
on
s
ol
a
r
w
ater pum
p
sy
stem
Typ
e
o
f
pu
m
p
Ra
t
e
d
Volta
g
e
(v)
Ra
t
e
d
Cu
r
r
en
t(
A)
Pow
e
r
(hp
)
Fl
o
w
r
at
e
(L
ite
r
/
s)
T
DH
(m
)
Pu
m
p
ing
le
v
e
l (
m
)
Po
w
e
r
fac
t
or
c
e
n
t
r
i
f
u
ga
l
380
34.
5
22.
54
21.
416
48.
84
3
8
0.
82
F
i
gure
7. P
e
r
fo
rm
ance
c
urve of se
l
e
c
t
e
d
S
P 77-
4 solar
p
u
m
p
4.1.
4. S
olar in
v
ert
er
R
S
II
P
66
is
t
he
o
ff-grid
solar
i
n
verter
m
odel
w
ith
t
he
b
uilt-in
M
P
P
T
,
i
t
suppl
i
e
d
wit
h
a
v
ari
o
u
s
pro
t
ec
ti
on
s
o
ft
w
a
re
w
hci
h
i
s
c
o
mpa
t
i
b
le
w
it
h
S
P
s
ubm
er
sible
pum
p
s
.
The
in
ver
t
e
r
i
s
co
mpou
n
d
w
it
h
a
sine-
w
a
ve
f
ilter
t
h
a
t
h
a
v
e
a
hi
g
h
q
ua
li
ty,
w
h
ic
h
c
o
n
v
er
t
s
t
h
e
o
u
t
pu
t
pul
se
s
of
t
h
e
fre
qu
en
cy
i
n
t
o
s
i
n
e
-wa
v
e
-
sh
ap
e
d
and
r
e
su
l
t
i
n
g
a
pur
e
si
ne-w
ave-
sha
p
ed
c
ur
rent
w
h
i
ch
r
educ
e
d
m
o
t
o
r
n
o
i
se
[
19
].
P
o
l
y
c
ry
st
alli
n
e
270W
ph
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
p
a
ne
l
wa
s
sele
c
t
ed
f
or
t
h
i
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
T
h
e
peak
v
al
ue
v
ol
ta
ge
a
nd
c
u
r
r
en
t
for
t
h
is
p
a
n
e
l
a
re
3
1.6
V
and
8.7
6
A
r
e
s
pec
tive
l
y
[2
0]
.
The
pe
ak
p
o
w
er
o
f
the
so
l
a
r
pho
t
o
v
o
lta
ic
s
ys
tem
w
a
s
1
7
.
8
2
kW,
i
t
c
ons
is
t
s
of
6
6
mod
u
l
es
c
onne
cte
d
i
n
13
pane
ls
p
er
s
tri
n
g
w
i
th
5
c
ol
umns
in
p
a
r
alle
l.
T
h
e
t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
of the
a
dop
t
e
d
G
R
U
N
D
FOS
(G
F
270) solar modules is sho
w
n in Tabl
e
4.
Tab
l
e
4. E
l
e
ctrica
l
ch
a
r
ac
t
e
ristic
f
or
s
o
l
a
r
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
4.1.
5.
S
izin
g
r
e
su
lts of
s
ol
ar
p
um
p
i
ng
sy
s
tem w
a
t
er
pro
d
u
c
tio
n
The qua
n
t
i
t
i
e
s
of w
a
t
e
r
produ
ctio
n from
the solar
pumpin
g
syst
e
m
i
s
pre
se
nted i
n Ta
b
l
e
5.
Ta
bl
e
5.
W
ater production
fr
o
m
sol
a
r
pum
pi
ng system
T
o
ta
l wa
t
e
r
produ
c
tion
pe
r
ye
a
r
(
m³
)
Avg.
w
a
t
e
r
p
r
oduc
tion
pe
r
day
(
m³
/d
a
y
)
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
wa
t
e
r
produc
t
i
on
pe
r wa
tt p
e
r day
(
Wp/day
)
2300
00
629.
3
21.
6 l
4.2.
Design
of p
ressu
rized
drip
irrig
a
ti
on
system
The
pressur
i
z
e
d
d
ri
p
irriga
ti
o
n
s
ys
t
e
m
w
a
s
simu
late
d
b
y
u
si
n
g
a
u
nique
Irr
i
P
ro
s
of
tware.
The
op
t
i
mum
opera
t
i
n
g
p
re
ssur
e
an
d
di
scha
r
g
es
o
f
the
em
i
t
t
e
rs
w
er
e
se
t
t
o
i
ns
ure
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
a
bs
orp
tio
n
ra
te
o
f
s
o
i
l
w
a
t
e
r
b
y
p
l
a
n
t
s
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
w
a
t
e
r
s
t
r
e
s
s
.
T
h
e
l
a
y
o
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
d
r
i
p
i
rr
i
g
a
tio
n
sy
st
e
m
i
s
show
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
8.
The
qua
nti
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
em
i
tte
rs
w
as
calcu
la
t
e
d
o
f
3
2
2
2
5
a
c
c
ord
i
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
p
l
a
n
t
i
n
g
a
r
e
a
(
p
l
a
n
o
f
t
o
m
a
t
o
e
s
)
.
The
spa
ce
b
e
t
w
een
t
wo
c
o
n
s
ecut
i
v
e
e
m
it
ters
i
s
40
c
m
,
and
t
h
e
d
i
st
an
ce
b
et
ween
o
n
e
r
o
w
s
t
o
t
h
e
n
ext
i
s
75
cm
w
ith si
n
g
l
e
l
a
tera
l
for ea
ch row o
f
p
l
a
n
ts
. The anal
ysi
s
s
ho
wed
th
at
t
he
u
ni
fo
rmi
t
y
c
o
e
f
f
i
ci
ent
(W
U)
v
a
l
ue
w
e
r
e
f
ou
nd
mo
re
t
ha
n
of
9
0%
,
a
nd
t
h
e
fl
ow
r
a
t
e
w
a
s
in
a
n
ac
cept
ab
le
r
an
ge
o
f
(0.2-
7
.0)
m
/
s
and
t
h
e
p
o
s
si
ble
Ma
xim
u
m
pow
e
r
point
volt
a
ge
( V)
Ope
n
c
ir
c
u
i
t
volta
ge
(v
)
Ma
x
powe
r
poi
n
t
c
urr
e
nt
(A)
M
odule
s
h
o
r
tc
ut
cu
r
r
e
n
t
(A
)
Ma
xi
m
u
m
powe
r
output
(W)
31.
6
38.
4
8.
76
9
.
1
1
2
7
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
3
, S
e
p
2
0
1
9
:
162
8
– 1
637
1
634
varia
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
n
etw
o
rk
f
a
lls
i
ns
i
d
e
t
h
e
a
c
c
e
pta
b
le
p
r
e
ss
u
r
e
l
im
its
o
f
P
a
v
e
rage
±
10%.
The
des
i
gne
d
s
y
ste
m
here
w
as
achie
ve
d
a
h
i
gh
val
u
e
of
u
n
i
form
it
y
w
h
ic
h
com
m
e
n
sur
a
te
d
w
i
th
t
he
n
ee
ds
a
nd
the
se
ns
iti
vi
ty
o
f
t
h
e
ado
p
t
ed
t
om
at
oes
cro
p
t
o
t
h
e
variat
i
o
ns
o
f
w
a
te
r
de
li
ve
r
y
.
The
t
o
ta
l
numbe
r
o
f
L
a
t
e
r
al
a
re
1
31
w
ith
a
diam
et
er
o
f
e
ach
o
nes
i
s
1
4
m
m
a
nd
98
.65
m
l
e
n
g
th.
T
he
i
n
t
e
r
na
l
d
i
am
eters
of
t
h
e
s
elec
t
e
d
m
a
i
n
a
n
d
seco
nda
ry,
su
b-
ma
i
n
a
nd
l
a
t
e
ra
l
pipe
s w
e
r
e
1
1
0
.
2
m
m
,
79.
2 m
m
an
d
14 m
m
respe
cti
v
e
l
y [2
1].
F
ig
ur
e
8. The
lay
o
u
t o
f
t
he
d
r
i
p
irri
gat
i
o
n sy
st
e
m
o
f
a sin
g
l
e
c
lassi
c
sq
uar
e
se
c
tor in
(
10
0 m
lengt
h)
4.3.
Results
o
f water
requ
i
reme
n
t
s
The
ou
tpu
t
o
f
C
R
O
P
WA
T
8.
0
mode
li
n
g
o
f
clim
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t
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ta
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t
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ature
s,
w
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ig
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The
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n
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s
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s
w
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ncr
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d
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lar
ra
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le
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he
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m
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y
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m
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es
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t
sum
m
e
r
mont
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w
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o
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r
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up
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o
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ver
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e
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u
re
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.
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i
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l
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m
at
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d
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at
Al
-Sal
man
Di
st
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ct
(te
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w
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d
s,
humid
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su
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dia
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raph
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ig
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he
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igure
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ent,
f
lo
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yie
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harves
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st
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g
es [20].
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I
n
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J
P
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w
Elec
&
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r
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i
gur
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0
.
Gr
a
ph
o
f
t
om
atoes
w
a
ter
r
e
qui
r
e
m
e
nt
The
am
ou
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o
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ter
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h
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t
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e
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i
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t
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t
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e
t
i
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ti
on
(
NIR
)
a
s
in
dica
t
e
d
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
11
.
The
gr
os
s
ir
r
i
gat
i
o
n
de
pt
h
(
G
I
R
)
o
f
r
e
q
u
i
r
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d
w
a
ter
i
s
m
or
e
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h
a
n
t
he
(
N
I
R)
i
n
l
o
sse
s
o
f
w
a
t
e
r
due
t
o e
v
ap
or
at
ion
, leak
a
g
e, p
erco
latio
n
,
e
t
c
. Th
e
ratio
o
f
GIR
to
N
IR
i
s
th
e i
r
rig
a
tion
e
fficien
cy
o
f
d
r
ip
a
nd
th
e
ir
rig
a
ti
on
sy
st
e
m
(
Ea
)
was
fo
und
o
f
92
%.
Th
e
g
r
o
s
s
a
n
d
n
e
t
r
e
qu
irem
ent
of
w
ate
r
i
s
i
n
cr
e
a
se
d
from
p
l
a
n
ti
n
g
s
t
a
ge
til
l
the
en
d
of
h
a
r
vest
i
n
g
st
a
g
e
t
h
r
o
ugh
out
o
f
toma
t
o
e
s
pe
ri
od
l
i
fe
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ro
win
g
.
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tota
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u
la
ted
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qu
i
r
ed
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ate
r
d
ep
th
w
as
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o
und
63
6.
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nd
70
7
m
m
for
N
I
R
a
nd
G
I
R
r
e
spec
t
i
ve
l
y
[
2
1
]
.
F
i
gur
e
1
1
.
Gr
aph
o
f
t
ot
a
l
n
e
t
a
nd
gr
oss
w
a
te
r
r
e
quir
e
me
n
t
o
f
to
ma
to
es
c
ro
p
The
ir
r
i
gat
i
o
n
t
i
m
e
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
i
n
g
w
a
s
als
o
c
om
pu
te
d.
T
h
e
i
n
t
er
va
l
be
tw
een
s
uc
cess
i
ve
i
rr
i
g
a
tio
n
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
es
i
s
one
d
a
y
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
b
e
gi
nni
ng
o
f
th
e
init
i
a
l
st
ag
e,
t
he
n
c
h
an
g
e
d
to
t
w
o
d
a
y
s
at
t
he
r
e
s
t
pe
r
i
o
d
o
f
t
h
e
st
ag
e
du
ri
ng
N
ov
emb
e
r.
T
h
r
ou
gh
t
h
e
d
ev
e
l
op
men
t
s
t
a
g
e
,
th
e
i
nte
r
va
l
i
s
r
an
gi
n
g
b
e
t
w
een
4
a
nd
5
d
a
y
s
dur
in
g
D
e
c
e
m
b
er
a
nd
f
i
r
s
t
de
ca
de
o
f
Ja
nuar
y
.
The
i
n
te
r
v
a
l
s
be
tw
ee
n
pr
a
c
tice
s
a
t
mi
d-
se
aso
n
(
fr
om
f
l
o
w
e
r
i
ng
ti
l
l
t
o
star
t
of
m
atur
i
t
y
sta
g
e
)
w
a
s
f
our
d
a
y
s
,
w
hic
h
s
tar
t
i
n
g
fr
om
s
ec
o
nd
deca
de
o
f
Ja
n
u
a
r
y
t
o
the
e
nd
of
t
he
se
co
nd
deca
de
o
f
F
e
br
ua
r
y
.
A
t
l
a
t
e
seas
on
sta
g
e
(
s
ta
r
t
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
m
a
tur
ity
t
o
harve
s
t
or
f
ull
se
ne
sce
n
c
e
s
ta
ge)
,
the
in
t
e
r
v
a
l
w
as
a
lso
fo
u
nd
of
f
o
u
r
da
ys
d
ur
i
ng
Ma
r
c
h.
T
he
r
e
f
o
r
e,
t
he
m
ajor
i
t
y
of
w
a
t
er
c
on
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
w
as
f
o
und
d
u
r
i
ng
t
h
e
fl
ow
er
in
g
a
nd
m
a
tur
i
t
y
i
nt
er
va
l
s
.
4.
4.
Mon
t
h
l
y
p
r
od
u
c
t
i
vit
y
o
f
sol
a
r
w
a
t
er
p
u
mp
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
3
, S
e
p
2
0
1
9
:
162
8
– 1
637
1
636
The
m
o
n
t
hl
y
pro
duc
t
i
v
ity
o
f
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t
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r
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m
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ip
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r
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y
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o
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w
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t
o
m
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t
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s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gure
1
2
.
T
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
w
a
te
r
pro
d
uct
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on
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s
6
9
5
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6
m
3
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d
ay
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t
Jun
e
,
wh
il
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h
e
mini
mu
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v
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lu
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s
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t
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a
l
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ater
p
rod
u
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on
of
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/d
ay
.
The
f
i
g
u
re
clea
rl
y
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e
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t
ha
t
t
h
e
ma
xim
u
m
da
i
l
y
w
a
t
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r
pr
oduc
t
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o
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i
s
oc
cur
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d
a
t
Ju
ne
w
her
e
m
a
x
im
um
w
a
t
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d
e
m
ands
thr
o
u
g
h
t
he
d
r
i
est
m
ont
hs
i
n
summ
er
s
eason.
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ow
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r
,
th
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mont
h
l
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t
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on
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h
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r
op
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nsta
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w
ith
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g
a
t
i
on
s
ys
tem.
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h
e
t
o
t
al
w
at
e
r
p
ro
du
ct
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o
n
i
s
230
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m
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p
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h
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n
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s
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at
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le
overa
ll
syste
m
d
esi
gn
and
ade
q
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te
t
o irr
i
ga
t
e
m
ore
plan
t
i
n
g
l
a
n
d w
i
t
h
sam
e
o
r othe
r c
r
op t
ype
s
.
F
i
gur
e 1
2
.
D
a
i
l
y
and m
o
n
t
hly
w
a
ter
produc
t
i
o
n
5.
CONCL
U
S
ION
Th
e
o
u
t
c
o
m
e
of
t
hi
s
stu
d
y
was
an
a
tt
ra
c
t
i
v
e
en
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o
u
r
ag
eme
n
t
f
o
r
a
d
o
p
t
in
g
s
o
l
a
r
P
V
p
umpi
ng
s
y
s
te
m
wi
t
h
u
si
ng
d
rip
i
r
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g
a
t
i
on
t
e
c
h
nol
ogy
.
Un
iqu
e
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
too
l
w
a
s
u
se
d
in
d
es
ign
o
f
d
rip
ne
tw
or
k
syste
m
t
ha
t
perform
ed
a
r
igor
ous
c
a
l
c
u
la
ti
o
n
i
n
de
term
in
ing
t
h
e
pr
essure,
f
l
o
w
ra
t
e
,
spee
d,
t
o
w
h
ich
e
ach
e
l
e
me
nt
i
s
su
bj
ect
ed
,
and
c
o
n
s
eq
u
e
nt
ly
t
h
e
p
l
a
nt
b
eh
avi
o
r.
T
h
e
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
ti
o
n
s
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e
r
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n
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t
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y
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ter
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nt
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nt
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ses
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pe
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urve
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pe
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mpa
tib
le
o
v
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ll
sys
t
e
m
d
esi
g
n
and
adeq
uate
t
o
irrig
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mor
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p
l
a
n
tin
g
lan
d
w
it
h
sa
me
o
r
o
t
her
c
r
op
t
ype
s.
F
inal
ly,
t
h
i
s
s
t
udy
h
a
s
s
o
m
e
re
al
ly
u
s
e
f
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id
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e
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o
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th
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so
l
a
r dr
i
p
i
rrig
a
ti
o
n
pum
pi
n
g
s
ys
tem
de
sign
can
b
e dr
ive
n
fr
o
m
t
h
is
r
esea
rch.
REFE
RENCES
[1]
Itim
ad
D
.
J
.
A
z
zaw
i,
S
amir
G
h
Yah
y
a,
L
ay
th
A
bed
Hasn
awi
A
L
-Ru
b
a
y
e
,
“
T
h
e
F
e
a
s
ib
il
i
t
y
o
f
U
s
in
g
O
f
f-
G
r
i
d
Hy
brid
S
yst
e
m
f
o
r
th
e
City
o
f
Di
yal
a
Iraq,
”
Intern
atio
nal Jo
urna
l
of M
ech
an
ical
E
ngin
e
e
r
in
g an
d
Tech
no
lo
gy
,
9(1
0
),
p
p.
1
2
5
8
-
126
7,
2
0
18.
[2]
Di
hrabS
a
lwan
S
.
,
K
am
aruzzam
an
S
o
p
i
a
n,
“
El
ectri
cit
y
g
en
eratio
n
o
f
hy
brid
P
V
/
wind
s
ys
te
m
s
i
n
I
r
a
q
,”
Re
n
e
w
a
bl
e
Energy
,
35
(6)
1
3
0
3
-1
307
,
2
01
0.
[3]
Lay
t
h
A
b
ed
H
as
naw
i
A
l
-
Rub
a
ye,
Itim
ad
D
.
J.
A
zzawi
,
S
aad
oo
n
Ab
du
l
Ha
f
e
dh
,
“Bui
ld
i
n
g
Hyb
r
id
E
nerg
y
S
y
stem
,
P
V
/Win
d Turb
ine us
in
g
L
o
cal Material
,
”
Jo
urn
a
l
of
E
ngi
neerin
g
and
Ap
p
l
i
e
d
Scien
ces,
14(3
)
,
p
p
.
870
-87
8
,
2
01
9.
[4]
E.
O
.
B.
T
.
S
a
bah
Mi
qo
i,
“
Ad
aptive
f
u
zz
y
slid
i
ng
mo
de
b
as
ed
M
P
P
T
c
o
ntro
lle
r
f
or
a
p
ho
to
vo
lta
i
c
w
a
t
e
r
p
u
m
p
i
n
g
syst
e
m
,
”
In
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l Jou
r
n
a
l of Po
wer
Electr
onics
an
d
D
r
i
ve Sys
t
em (
I
J
PED
S
)
, Vo
l
.
10
,
No
. 1
,
2
0
1
9
.
[5]
Ku
m
a
r,
M
,
red
d
y
,
K
.
S
,
adak
e,
R
.V
,
Rao
,
C
.V.K.
N
,
“S
olar
p
o
w
ered
m
i
cro-irrigat
i
on
s
ystem
fo
r
sm
a
l
l
h
o
l
d
ers
of
dry
l
an
d ag
ri
cultu
r
e in
India,”
Ag
ric
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
Wa
te
r
Ma
na
ge
me
n
t
,
A
m
s
t
e
rd
am
,
v
.
1
5
8
,
p.
1
1
2
-
1
19,
2
015.
[6]
S
h
o
e
b,
M
.
A
,
Shaf
iull
ah,
G.M.,
“
R
enewab
le
E
nerg
y
In
teg
r
ated
I
sla
nded
M
icrogri
d
f
or
S
u
s
tai
n
ab
l
e
Irrigati
on—
A
,
Bang
lades
h
P
erspect
ive,
”
En
erg
i
es
,
11
,
12
83
,
2
0
1
8
.
[7]
Eb
aid,
M
.S
.
Y
,
Qand
il,
H
.
,
Ha
m
m
a
d,
M
.,
“
A
u
n
if
ied
app
r
oach
f
or
d
e
s
ig
ning
a
p
ho
to
vo
lta
ic
s
ola
r
s
y
s
te
m
for
th
e
un
derg
ro
un
d
w
a
ter
p
u
m
p
ing
well-3
4
at
Disi
aqu
i
fer,
”
En
e
r
g
y
Con
v
e
r
s. Ma
na
g.
,
7
5
,
780
–7
95
,
20
13
.
[8]
Naral
e
,
P.
D
,
R
a
t
hore,
N.S,
K
ot
ha
ri,
S.,
“Study
o
f
solar
PV
w
ate
r
pum
p
i
n
g
syst
em
f
or
i
rrigati
on
o
f
hort
icul
t
u
re
crop
s,”
In
ter
nationa
l Jo
ur
nal of
E
n
g
i
n
eerin
g
S
c
ien
ce Inv
e
n
tio
n
,
v
.
1
2
, n
. 1
2,
p.
5
4
-6
0, 20
1
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
e
si
g
n
o
f
sola
r
ph
o
t
ov
ol
t
a
ic
pre
s
s
u
r
i
zed d
r
i
p
irr
i
ga
ti
o
n
pu
m
p
i
ng sys
t
em
… (
R
a
g
h
ad
Ali
Mejee
d
)
1
637
[9]
D
e
veci
O
,
On
ko
l
M,
U
nv
er
HO,
O
ztu
r
k
Z.
,
“
De
si
gn
and develo
p
m
e
nt
of a
l
o
w-co
st s
o
l
a
r
p
o
wered dr
ip
irrig
a
tion
s
y
st
em usin
g
Systems
M
o
de
l
i
n
g
La
ng
uag
e
,”
J Cl
ean
Pr
od,
1
0
2
:
529-4
4
,
2
01
5.
[10]
P
e
rs
ad
P
,
S
a
n
g
ster
N
,
Edward
C
,
Ramk
hal
a
wa
n
A,
M
ah
arajh
A.,
“In
vesti
g
at
in
g
th
e
F
easi
b
ili
t
y
of
S
o
l
ar
P
o
w
ered
Irri
gati
on f
o
r Fo
od Crop Produc
tion: A
Caroni
C
a
se,”
J
.
A
s
soc. Prof
ess.
E
n
g
.
Trin
id
a
d
T
o
b
a
g
o,
40
(
2):6
1-6
5
,
20
1
1
.
[11]
A
n
o
nym
o
u
s,
P
a
k
istan
S
t
ati
s
tical
Y
earbo
ok
.
Fed
e
ral
Bureau
o
f
Sta
ti
s
tics,
S
tat
i
s
tics
Divisi
o
n
,
Minis
t
ry
o
f
econo
m
i
c
af
f
a
i
r
s and statistics,
G
ovt
. of
Pa
kis
t
a
n
,
I
s
la
m
a
ba
d
,
P
a
k
ista
n,
2
008.
[12]
A
l
i
g
ah
M
A.,
“
D
es
ig
n
o
f
P
h
o
t
ovol
ta
ic
W
at
er
P
u
m
p
i
n
g
S
y
s
t
e
m
a
n
d
Co
m
p
are
i
t
w
i
t
h
Di
ese
l
P
ow
ered
P
um
p,”
J
o
rd
an
J. M
ech.
Ind
.
Eng
.
, 5
(3)
:
27
3-2
8
0
,
20
11
.
[13]
Kell
e
y
L
C
,
G
il
b
e
rt
son
E
,
S
heikh
A,
E
pp
inger
S
D
,
Dubowsky
S
.
,
“O
n
t
h
e
f
easibility
o
f
solar-powe
r
ed
i
rri
gati
on,
”
R
e
newab
l
e a
n
d
Su
st
a
i
na
ble En
e
r
.
R
e
v
.
1
4
:
266
9-2
6
8
2
,
2
01
0.
[14]
P
u
rohit,
P
,
A
.
M
i
c
hael
ow
a
.
,
“
C
DM
p
o
t
en
tial
o
f
SP
V
pu
mps
in
I
n
d
i
a,”
Ren
e
wabl
e a
n
d
Su
st
ai
nable
En
ergy
Reviews
,
1
2
:
181
-19
9
,
20
0
8
.
[15]
W
aze
d,
S
.
M
,
Hughes,
B.
R
,
O
’C
onno
r,
D
.
and
Calautit,
J
.K
.
,
“
A
re
vi
ew
o
f
s
u
stain
a
bl
e
sol
a
r
irri
g
a
ti
on
s
y
s
tems
f
o
r
S
u
b-S
a
haran
Af
ri
ca,”
Re
ne
wa
ble
an
d
sus
t
a
i
na
ble
En
e
r
g
y
Re
v
i
e
w
s
, 8
1(P1
),
pp
.
1
2
0
6
-
12
25
.
[16]
Bu
cher W
., “A
s
pect
s of
s
olar water
pum
pin
g
i
n
re
m
o
te reg
io
n
s
,”
En
erg
y
Su
st
ain
D
ev,
3
:
8
–
27,
1996
.
[17]
A
.
K
.
A.
T.
S
. Zaid
Hu
ss
ein Ali,
“
Mo
delin
g
S
o
lar M
o
du
les P
e
rf
or
m
a
nce Und
e
r Tem
p
erature
and
Sol
a
r Radi
atio
n
o
f
W
a
ste
r
n
o
f
I
r
a
q,”
In
tern
atio
nal Jo
ur
nal
o
f
Power E
l
ect
ronic
s
an
d
Dri
ve S
y
s
t
em
(
I
JPED
S
)
,
vol.
9
,
n
o.
4
,
p
p
.
184
2-1
8
5
0
, Decem
ber 2
0
1
8
.
[18]
P
u
rwahy
u
d
i
,
Ba
m
b
ang;
K
usp
i
j
a
ni
,
Ku
spijan
i
;
Ah
m
a
di,
Ah
madi,
“S
CN
N
Bas
e
d
El
ectri
cal
C
haract
eristics
o
f
S
o
l
ar
P
h
ot
ovolt
a
ic
C
ell
Mo
del,
”
Int
e
rnat
io
nal Jo
urn
a
l
o
f
Elect
rica
l
and
Co
mpu
t
er
Engi
neer
ing
(
I
JECE)
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
319
8-3
2
0
6
,
201
7.
[19]
K
i
a,
D
aw
od
Raso
ol
i,
“
W
a
ter
requ
irem
ent
s
f
or
m
aj
or
c
rops
i
n
d
i
f
f
eren
t
agro
-cl
i
m
a
t
i
c
zo
nes
of
Iraqi
K
urdist
an
u
sing
by CRO
PWA
T
8
.
0
.”
IO
S
R
Jou
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ag
ri
culture a
nd
Veterin
a
r
y
Sci
e
nce
(
I
O
S
R-JA
VS)
,
6
.
3
:
3
0-3
6
, 2
01
3.
[20]
Saif
uddin
M
.
Ja
lil
,
Fa
i
zar
A
bdurra
hma
n
,
Selamat
Mel
i
a
l
a,
R
osdia
na
,
“
D
esign
o
f
M
axi
m
u
m
P
o
w
er
P
o
i
nt
T
rack
ing
f
o
r
S
o
l
a
r
Co
l
l
ector
D
ryi
n
g
S
y
stem
:
An
E
x
p
erim
ental
S
t
udy,
”
In
te
r
n
a
t
i
ona
l Jour
na
l o
f
Po
wer
Electron
i
cs
a
nd
Drive
S
y
st
em (
I
JPE
D
S)
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
pp.
1
79
9-1
803
,
201
8.
[21]
Campana,
P
i
e
tr
o
Elia,
L
i
,
Hail
on
g
,
Y
an
,
Jin
yue,
“
D
y
n
ami
c
m
od
ell
ing
o
f
a
P
V
pum
pin
g
s
ystem
w
i
t
h
s
peci
al
co
ns
iderat
io
n
o
n
w
ater d
em
and
,
”
App
l
ied Energy
, 1
12
: 6
3
5
-
64
5,
2
01
3.
BIOGRAPHI
E
S
OF
AUT
HORS
Raghad
A
.
ALj
o
urni
r
eceiv
e
d
his
B.S
c
f
rom
U
n
i
v
ersity
o
f
T
echn
o
l
ogy
B
ag
hd
ad
i
n
Ira
q
in
1
99
3,
MS
c
f
r
o
m
U
ni
v
e
rsi
t
y
o
f
T
ech
no
log
y
B
agh
d
ad
a
t
20
05
,
PHD
f
r
om
S
o
u
t
h
R
u
s
si
an
S
ta
t
e
T
echn
i
cal
Un
iv
e
r
sity
in
Ru
ssia
i
n
20
15
wo
r
k a
t
c
ol
le
g
e
o
f e
n
gine
e
r
in
g Un
i
versi
t
y o
f
Diy
ala Iraq
.
S
a
ma
h
Sh
y
a
a
O
uda
h
r
eceiv
e
d
hi
s
B.S
c
f
rom
Uni
v
ersity
o
f
Bag
h
d
a
d
in
Iraq
i
n
1
9
8
6
,
MSc
fro
m
Iraq
i
Ins
t
i
t
ute
for
H
i
g
h
er
S
tud
i
es
a
t
2
0
1
4
.
W
o
rk
ing
a
Lectu
r
er
an
d
scien
t
i
f
ic
r
esearcher
i
n
t
h
e
fi
eld
o
f
s
o
l
a
r
a
n
d
w
i
n
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
i
n
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
n
o
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g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
o
r
g
i
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
ns
a
nd
p
rivat
e
i
nstitut
i
es
t
hat
hol
di
ng trai
ni
ng cou
r
ses
in
t
h
e
fiel
d
o
f
bo
th
s
olar
a
n
d
w
in
d
en
ergy
trai
n
i
ng
practi
ce and
cou
r
ses
.
Ras
h
a
Yas
e
n
A
b
ed
r
ec
ei
ved
h
i
s
B.S
c
f
ro
m
college
o
f
en
gi
neerin
g
Un
i
v
ers
i
t
y
o
f
Di
yal
a
i
n
Iraq
2
0
0
2
,
M
S
c
f
r
o
m
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
B
a
g
h
d
a
d
a
t
2
0
1
5
,
w
o
r
k
a
t
co
ll
eg
e
o
f
e
ng
ineeri
n
g
U
n
iv
e
r
s
i
ty
o
f
D
i
y
a
la
I
r
a
q
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.