In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
11, N
o.
1, Mar
ch 20
20,
p
p.
547~
5
5
4
IS
S
N
: 2088-
86
94,
D
O
I
:
10.11
59
1
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ped
s
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v11
.
i
1.pp
5
47-
55
4
545
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
j
p
eds.i
a
esco
re
.com
PV Integrated si
ng
le-phase d
yn
amic voltage
restorer for sag
voltage, voltage fluctuations
and harmonics compensation
To
ufik
T
o
u
m
i
1
,
Ah
med A
lla
li
2
, Oth
ma
ne
A
bdelk
hale
k
3
,
A
b
da
lla
h
B
e
n Abdelk
a
d
er
4
,
Ab
de
l
m
al
ek
Mefto
uhi
5
,
M
o
ha
m
m
e
d
A
m
i
n
e
S
o
um
e
u
r
6
1,
2,
4
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5
F
acul
t
y
of E
lectri
cal Eng
ineering
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n
i
versity
of
S
c
i
ences
and
T
ech
no
log
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of Oran
, A
l
g
e
ria
3,
6
F
acu
lty
o
f
Te
chn
o
l
o
g
y
, Uni
ve
rs
it
y of Tah
ri Mo
h
am
m
e
d Bech
ar, A
l
g
eri
a
Ar
ticle
In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
t
i
cl
e hi
sto
r
y:
Re
cei
v
e
d
M
a
r 1
3
,
2
019
Re
vise
d A
p
r
20,
201
9
Acc
e
p
t
e
d
Jul
8, 2
0
1
9
T
h
is
d
ocum
ent
p
r
opo
ses
a
ph
otov
olt
a
ic
(
P
V
)
b
a
s
e
d
s
i
ngle-p
h
ase
d
yn
am
ic
vo
lta
g
e
re
stora
t
i
o
n
(DVR)
d
e
vic
e
,
it
e
l
i
m
in
a
t
e
s
b
oth
sa
g
a
n
d
sw
ell
v
o
l
t
age
an
d
co
m
p
ens
a
tes
fo
r
po
wer.
T
he
p
ropo
sed
sys
t
em
r
equi
res
a
powe
r
sou
rce
t
o
c
o
mp
e
n
sa
te
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
a
g
/s
we
l
l
v
o
l
t
a
ge
.
Th
is
s
ys
te
m
ha
s
fo
un
d
a
s
imp
l
e
topol
o
gy
f
o
r
the
D
V
R
th
at
u
ses
P
V
w
i
t
h
t
w
o
DC-DC
b
oosts
c
on
verters
as
t
h
e
DC
power
s
o
u
r
ce
f
or
t
he
d
ynam
i
c
volt
a
g
e
c
o
n
serv
ato
r
.
Th
e
DC/
D
C
b
o
o
s
t
con
verter
po
we
r
e
d
b
y
t
he
P
V
g
e
ne
ra
tor
i
s
a
pp
lie
d
t
o
in
c
r
e
a
se
t
he
v
o
l
ta
ge
to
m
e
e
t
the
DC
bu
s
vo
lta
g
e
re
qu
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
o
f
the
sing
le
-bra
n
c
h
vo
lta
g
e
so
urc
e
i
n
verter
(
VSI).
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
e
s
r
enew
able
e
ne
rgy
;
s
aves
e
n
e
rgy
accordi
n
g
l
y
and
s
up
pl
ie
s
powe
r
to
c
ri
ti
cal
/
s
ens
itive
load
s.
T
he
c
ontrol
met
h
od
u
sed
in
t
his
work
i
s
a
S
lid
ing
M
o
d
e
C
on
trol
(
S
M
C)
m
etho
d
an
d
rel
i
es
on
a
phas
e
l
o
c
ke
d
loop
(
P
L
L)
u
s
ed
t
o
co
nt
ro
l
the
a
c
t
i
v
e
f
ilt
e
r.
T
he
e
ff
ectiv
eness
of
t
he
s
ug
ges
t
e
d
m
eth
od
i
s
co
nf
irm
e
d
by th
e
MATLAB/
S
imu
l
i
nk® s
im
ulatio
n
resu
lts
an
d
t
h
elab
ora
t
o
r
ia
l
p
r
ot
oty
p
e.
T
hes
e
resu
l
t
s
s
ho
w
t
h
e
cap
acit
y
of
th
e pro
p
o
s
ed
DC l
ink
co
nt
rol.
Key
w
ords:
B
oost
co
nver
t
e
r
D
yna
mic
V
o
l
t
a
g
e Res
t
ore
r
(D
VR
)
Harmo
n
i
c
s
P
h
o
t
ov
olt
a
ic
(PV
)
S
l
id
i
ng m
ode
c
on
tro
l
Vol
t
age
fl
uct
u
ati
o
ns
Vol
t
age
sa
g/sw
ell
T
h
i
s
i
s
a
n
open
acces
s a
r
ticl
e
under
th
e
CC
BY-SA
l
i
cens
e
.
C
o
rre
s
po
n
d
in
g Au
t
h
or:
To
ufik
T
oum
i,
D
e
partm
e
nt o
f
Elec
tric
a
l
Eng
i
n
eer
ing,
F
acult
y o
f
E
lec
t
ric
a
l
En
g
i
n
eer
ing,
Un
iv
e
r
s
i
t
y
of Sci
e
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
Tec
h
nol
ogy
o
f
Oran
,
BP
150
5
,
El
M’
nao
u
er,
3100
0
, O
ra
n,
A
l
g
e
r
ia.
Em
ail
:
w
ebus
t
o
-m
b@u
n
i
v-
usto.dz
;
t
ou
fik
t
o
u
m
i
@
y
a
h
o
o
.fr
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
I
ndustr
ies
ha
ve
a
c
h
i
e
ve
d
a
r
e
m
a
rka
b
l
e
r
ate
of
g
row
t
h
in
l
a
t
e
ye
a
r
s
wi
t
h
s
o
phi
st
i
c
a
t
e
d
a
nd
a
dv
a
n
ce
d
com
p
u
t
e
r
s
an
d
equ
i
pm
ent.
A
v
er
y
goo
d
prod
uc
t
q
u
a
l
i
t
y,
dow
nsiz
i
n
g
a
n
d
f
i
n
a
nc
ial
ga
i
n
f
rom
t
h
is
m
oder
n
in
dus
trial
i
za
tio
n
me
th
od
h
a
v
e
ope
ned
the
do
or
t
o
ma
rket
f
or
s
en
si
t
i
ve
i
ns
ta
lla
t
i
on
a
nd
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
de
v
i
c
e
s
,
aut
o
m
a
te
d
ma
nu
fac
t
ur
in
g
u
n
i
t
s
a
n
d
c
om
pu
t
e
r
i
zed
p
r
o
ce
ss
con
t
ro
ls
.
The
sig
n
if
i
c
a
n
t
be
nefi
t
o
f
t
he
r
e
v
en
ues
col
l
ec
te
d
has
pr
ov
i
d
e
d
t
hese
p
op
ula
r
system
s
in t
h
e
in
dus
tri
a
l
fie
l
d,
w
ha
te
ver
the
i
r in
i
t
i
a
l
cost.
Most
p
r
o
cesses
i
m
p
l
yi
ng
t
hi
s
d
e
vi
c
e
a
re
d
i
s
ru
pt
ed
b
y
vol
t
a
g
e
q
u
a
li
ty
i
ssue
s.
I
ndu
stria
l
a
nd
resi
den
t
i
a
l
dist
urba
nc
es
i
n
pow
e
r
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
a
r
e
l
a
r
g
e
l
y
d
u
e
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
d
r
o
p
,
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
w
e
l
l
a
n
d
l
o
n
g
d
e
l
a
y
p
o
w
e
r
i
n
t
e
r
r
u
p
t
i
o
n
s
[
1
,
2
]
.
T
h
e
s
a
g
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
i
s
d
et
e
r
mi
n
e
d
as
a
n
ab
ru
pt
d
e
c
re
as
e
i
n
t
h
e
s
u
pply
v
o
lt
ag
e
wh
i
c
h
c
a
n
g
o
betw
ee
n
1
0
%
a
nd
90
%
of
i
ts
r
ated
sinus
o
i
da
l
w
a
veform
.
H
ow
ever
a
ltho
u
gh,
t
he
vol
tage
s
w
e
l
l
i
s
dete
rm
i
n
ed
a
s
an
a
brupt
r
ise
in
s
ourc
e
vol
ta
g
e
betw
ee
n
11
0%
a
nd
1
80%
o
f
it
s
r
a
ted
sin
u
s
o
ida
l
v
a
l
ue.
In
a
c
c
or
da
nce
with
I
EEE
standa
rd
s
519-1
9
92
a
nd
IEEE
11
5
9
-1
19
5,
a
t
yp
ica
l
t
i
m
e
of
s
ag
a
nd
s
w
e
ll
vo
lta
ge
i
s
be
tw
e
e
n
1
0
ms
a
nd
1
m
in
[
3-5]
.
The
D
ynam
i
c
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
Re
gu
l
a
tor
(D
VR)
ha
s
bec
o
m
e
i
n
r
ece
n
t
y
ear
s
fam
ous
a
s
a
su
c
c
e
s
s
f
ul
s
ol
u
tio
n
f
o
r
the
protec
t
i
o
n
o
f
se
n
s
iti
ve
loa
d
s
w
ith
v
o
lta
ge
s
ag
a
nd
sw
e
l
ls
b
y
inje
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
ser
i
e
s
v
o
l
ta
ge
a
nd
th
e
sync
hron
ism
w
ith
t
he
m
ain
s
s
up
pl
y
vo
lta
ge
[
6-1
0
].
T
he
D
V
R
i
s
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
i
n
s
e
r
ies
w
i
t
h
t
he
d
i
s
trib
u
tio
n
line
vi
a
a
n
i
nje
c
tion
t
r
ansform
e
r
as
i
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
11,
N
o.
1
, Ma
r
202
0
:
547
–
55
4
54
6
F
i
gure
1.
D
ur
ing
a
sh
ort
c
i
rc
uit
fa
u
l
t
,
t
he
v
ol
t
a
ge
o
n
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
rib
u
t
i
o
n
b
u
s
dec
r
ea
ses.
T
hi
s
ca
uses
a
d
i
p
i
n
the
vo
lta
ge ha
p
pe
n
s
in t
h
e se
nsi
t
i
v
e l
o
ad. To s
o
l
v
e the
v
o
lta
ge a
c
ross th
e
lo
ad
, the D
V
R
is ai
m
e
d t
o
th
i
s pur
pose
.
[1
1-1
3
].
T
he
D
V
R
's
pow
e
r
s
witc
he
s
must
b
e
con
t
ro
lle
d
us
in
g
a
n
a
ppro
p
r
i
a
t
e
contro
l
strate
g
y
t
o
prod
uce
gat
i
n
g
signa
l
s
f
or
t
he
D
V
R
's p
ow
e
r
sw
itc
hes
[1
4-1
6
]
.
F
i
gure
1.
G
ene
r
al D
V
R
s
t
r
uct
u
re
G
r
ow
ing
c
onc
e
r
n
over
grow
i
ng
e
n
er
gy
c
o
n
s
ump
t
i
o
n,
e
nvir
o
n
m
en
ta
l
de
g
r
ada
tio
n
re
sult
i
ng
from
t
h
e
bur
ni
n
g
o
f
foss
il
fue
l
s
a
nd
fl
u
c
tua
t
in
g
oil
pr
ic
es
n
a
t
i
ons
h
a
v
e
i
ncre
ase
d
t
he
u
se
o
f
rene
wab
l
e
e
n
erg
y
g
e
n
er
a
tio
n
in
t
he
a
ppl
ica
t
i
on
of
t
he
p
ow
e
r
s
ystem
.
P
V
b
a
sed
D
V
R
h
a
s
d
ev
ice
t
o
so
lve
the
v
o
lta
ge
p
o
w
er
qual
i
t
y
p
r
o
bl
e
m
s
for
a
sm
all
in
d
u
s
t
r
y
,
e
s
pe
cial
l
y
i
n
rur
a
l
ar
eas,
a
r
ea
s
have
a
s
ig
n
i
fica
nt
a
m
o
u
n
t
of
s
u
n
s
t
r
o
k
e
.
Thi
s
can
h
ap
pen
i
n
d
e
v
e
lo
pin
g
cou
n
t
r
i
e
s
,
w
h
e
re
t
h
e
e
l
ect
ri
c
a
l
en
ergy
g
en
era
t
ed
i
s
less
t
h
a
n
t
he
i
r
d
em
an
d.
T
he
d
isa
dva
n
t
age
o
f
p
hot
ovo
lt
ai
c
el
ec
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
p
r
oduc
t
i
o
n
sy
st
e
m
s
i
s
t
h
a
t
,
t
h
e
p
hot
o
v
o
lta
ic
g
e
n
e
r
ator
l
oses
i
ts
out
p
u
t
ca
pac
i
t
y
w
hen
the r
a
d
i
at
i
o
n
le
vel
is
c
han
g
e
d
.
Th
is
p
ape
r
p
rese
nts
a
ne
w
t
opo
l
o
g
y
o
f
t
h
e
PV-based
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
vol
t
a
g
e
re
stor
er
t
o
redu
c
e
vol
t
a
ge
di
st
urba
nces,
e
s
pec
i
a
l
l
y
s
ag,
sw
ell
vol
ta
ge
a
nd
harm
on
ic.
Tw
o
D
C-
D
C
c
onverter
s
a
r
e
use
d
t
o
d
o
u
b
le
t
h
e
vo
lta
ge
o
f
t
h
e
pho
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
s
ys
tem
and
p
o
w
e
r
t
he
V
olta
ge
S
ource
I
nv
er
t
e
r
(V
S
I)
of
t
he
d
ynam
i
c
vo
l
t
a
g
e
con
s
er
vat
o
r.
T
he
M
P
P
T
a
lgorithm
base
d
on
di
st
urba
nc
es
a
nd
o
b
ser
va
tio
n
is
p
rac
t
i
c
ed
t
o
draw
m
a
x
im
u
m
pow
e
r
from
the
pho
t
o
vol
taic
sys
t
e
m of the
fi
r
st D
C-
D
C
conver
t
er.
a
co
ntro
l b
a
se
d on tw
o c
u
rrent loo
ps to defi
ne
the
p
u
l
s
es of
t
h
e se
co
nd
c
on
v
e
rt
e
r
t
o
k
e
ep
th
e
out
put
v
olt
a
ge
o
f
t
h
e
sec
o
n
d
D
C-
D
C
c
onver
t
e
r
.
The
d
o
cum
e
nt
i
s
organ
i
ze
d
as
f
o
llow
s
:
T
h
e
c
o
nf
igur
a
tio
n
of
D
V
R
powe
r
ed
b
y
th
e
PV
w
i
l
l
b
e
prese
n
t
e
d
in
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
2.
I
t
also
h
i
ghl
i
g
h
t
s
t
h
e
re
qu
i
r
ed
u
n
i
ts
s
uch
as
p
ow
er
s
ourc
e
,
l
i
ne
ar
l
o
a
d,
D
V
R
a
nd
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
eng
i
nee
r
i
n
g
al
gor
ithm
s
.
The
n
,
the
ma
in
r
esults
o
f
the
sim
u
la
tio
n,
vo
ltag
e
w
ave
f
orm
s
a
nd
TH
D
ana
l
yz
es
w
il
l
be
di
sc
usse
d i
n
sec
tio
n
3. F
inal
ly,
the
docum
e
n
t
w
ill be
c
om
p
l
e
t
ed
b
y
the
c
o
nc
lud
i
n
g
r
em
arks.
2.
DE
S
CRIPT
ION
S
Y
S
T
EM
2.1.
PV In
t
egrat
e
d
sin
g
le-p
h
a
se
d
yn
amic
volt
age
r
estor
e
r
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
r
e
s
t
o
r
e
r
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
F
A
C
T
S
m
e
a
n
s
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
c
on
n
ect
ed
i
n
se
ri
es
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
di
stri
b
u
t
i
on
li
n
e
v
i
a
t
he
t
ra
n
s
form
er
a
nd
consis
ts
o
f
a
vol
ta
ge
s
ourc
e
i
n
v
e
r
ter
(
V
SI)
to
a
chie
ve
D
C/
A
C
con
v
er
sio
n
,
a
D
C
vol
ta
ge
s
o
u
rc
e
to
s
up
pl
y
the
D
C
l
i
n
k
of
t
he
V
S
I
[17]
.
the
m
a
in
r
ol
e
of
t
he
D
V
R
i
s
m
a
inta
i
n
ed
the
m
a
gn
i
t
u
d
e
vo
l
t
age
at
a
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
e
loa
d
i
n
case
of
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
f
l
uc
tua
t
ion
of
t
he
volta
ge
.
The
D
V
R
c
or
rect
e
d
t
he
vo
lta
ge
i
n
the
d
i
s
t
rib
u
ti
o
n
s
yst
e
m
under
the
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
p
o
w
e
r
qual
i
t
y
pro
b
lem
s
.
The
pr
op
ose
d
pow
er
s
yst
e
m
m
odel
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
s
a
P
V
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
a
D
V
R
,
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
a
n
d
t
w
o
c
a
s
ca
de
d
m
u
l
tile
ve
l
c
o
n
v
erter
s
.
MPP
T
i
s
a
n
e
sse
nt
i
a
l
p
a
rt
o
f
a
so
l
a
r
p
hot
ovo
lt
a
i
c
syst
em.
Th
e
(
P
&
O
)
M
P
PT
a
l
gor
i
t
hm
a
p
p
l
i
es
a
s
lig
ht
i
ncr
e
ment
o
r
dec
r
em
ent
of
t
he
D
V
pe
rturb
a
ti
o
n
v
o
lta
ge
t
o
the
opera
ti
n
g
volta
ge
o
f
t
h
e
P
V
m
odu
le
.
The
VP
V
an
d
IP
V
para
me
ters
m
e
a
sured
from
t
h
e
PV
g
ener
ato
r
out
pu
t
are
used
t
o
ge
nera
te
a
c
on
t
r
ol
s
ig
na
l
Vref
f
or
t
he
P
WM
generator.
T
he
o
p
e
rating
p
rincip
l
e
o
f
t
h
e
(
P
&
O
)
M
P
P
T
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
e
x
p
l
a
i
ne
d
in
[
18,
19].
P
hoto
v
o
l
tai
c
s
yste
ms
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
PV
Integr
a
t
e
d
si
ng
l
e
-p
ha
se d
y
nam
i
c
v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
st
ore
r
f
o
r
sa
g vol
t
age,
vo
lt
age
fl
uct
u
a
tio
n
s
…
(T
ouf
ik
T
o
um
i)
54
7
use
i
n
t
he
s
et
o
f
D
C
-D
C
con
v
e
r
t
e
rs,
w
h
ic
h
a
r
e
u
s
ua
lly
s
w
i
tc
h
i
ng
r
eg
ula
t
ors
t
o
c
o
nver
t
t
he
D
C
v
o
l
t
a
ge,
nor
ma
l
l
y
unre
g
u
l
a
t
ed,
in
to
a
r
egu
l
ate
d
D
C
vo
l
t
age.
I
n
the
pro
pose
d
s
i
ngl
e
-
p
h
ase
D
V
R
,
a
photo
v
o
lta
ic
g
e
n
era
t
or
w
i
t
h
tw
o
D
C
-D
C
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
b
ooste
rs
,
the
first
c
o
n
n
ected
w
i
t
h
a
M
P
PT
a
lg
o
r
ithm
i
s
i
n
co
rpo
r
at
ed
t
o
wo
rk
a
s
a
DC
vo
lta
ge s
ourc
e
f
or
t
he
sec
o
nd
con
v
er
ter,
w
hich
i
s
assoc
i
ate
d
t
w
o re
gula
t
i
o
n lo
o
p
s a
nd o
p
e
ra
te a
s a
D
C
vol
ta
ge
source
for
the
D
V
R
.
The
sche
ma
t
i
c
d
i
agra
m
of the
s
ing
l
e
-
phase
D
V
R
is show
n in F
i
gur
e
2.
Lo
a
d
Vs
L
C
IL
b
o
o
s
t
2
‐
+
X
/
X
Vr
e
f
P
I
c
u
rre
n
t
lo
o
p
1
‐
+
PI
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
lo
o
p
2
PW
M
S1
S2
C1
C2
Bo
o
s
t
2
Bo
o
s
t
1
PV
MP
P
T
V p
v
I
p
v
Vr
e
f
F
i
gure
2.
Conf
igur
a
tio
n
of P
V-D
V
R
2.2.
PV p
an
el
m
od
e
l
Th
e
sol
a
r
ce
l
l
f
o
rmed
a
b
asi
c
u
nit
o
f
a
P
V
sy
s
t
em.
So
l
a
r
c
e
l
l
o
r
pho
to
vol
ta
i
c
P
V
i
s
a
d
evic
e
c
o
m
pose
d
of
s
e
m
ico
n
duc
tor
ma
terials
s
u
ch
a
s
si
l
i
c
on,
g
all
i
u
m
arsenide
a
n
d
c
a
dm
ium
tell
uri
d
e,
e
tc.
,
w
hi
c
h
d
irec
t
l
y
con
v
er
t
s
s
u
n
l
i
g
ht
i
nt
o
ele
c
tri
c
i
t
y.
T
he
vol
t
a
ge
o
f
a
solar
cell
doe
s
not
h
ig
h
l
y
depen
d
o
n
t
h
e
so
lar
irr
a
dianc
e
,
but
ma
inly
d
epe
n
d
s
on
t
h
e
tem
p
er
ature
of
t
he
c
e
l
l.
P
V
m
odu
le
s
ca
n
b
e
desi
gne
d
to
s
e
r
ve
d
iffere
nt
v
ol
t
a
ges
by
assem
b
l
i
n
g
c
el
ls
i
n
series.
Typica
l
l
y,
a
s
ol
a
r
c
ell
ca
n
be
m
ode
l
l
e
d
b
y
a
si
n
g
le
d
io
de
o
f
P
V
c
e
l
l
[2
0,
21].
The
P
V
equ
i
vale
n
t
c
ircui
t
is sh
ow
n i
n
F
igure
3.
F
i
gure
3.
S
ing
l
e m
odel
of t
he
P
V
ce
l
l
2.3.
C
on
tr
ol
a
lg
or
ith
m
for
MPPT p
er
tu
rb
at
i
o
n
&
ob
servat
ion
(P&
O)
m
et
h
o
d
The
m
ode
l
of
t
h
e
p
ro
pose
d
p
h
o
to
vo
l
t
ai
c
ge
ne
ra
t
o
r
uses
t
he
or
etic
a
l
a
nd
e
m
pir
i
ca
l
eq
ua
t
i
o
n
s
as
w
ell
a
s
data ge
n
e
r
ate
d
by
t
h
e un
ique
M
P
P
T
moni
tor
i
n
g
t
ec
h
n
i
q
u
e
base
d
on
data at
v
a
r
yi
n
g
t
em
pera
t
u
res and
by solar
radia
t
i
o
n
a
m
ong
ot
he
r
var
i
a
b
le
s.
T
h
e
(
P
&
O
)
a
lg
o
r
it
hm
w
orks
by
p
eri
o
d
i
ca
l
l
y
di
st
urb
i
ng
the
oper
a
t
i
ng
v
o
lta
ge
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
base
d
on
t
h
e
fac
t
t
h
a
t,
o
n
t
h
e
vo
l
t
a
g
e
-
p
o
w
e
r
c
h
ara
c
te
r
i
s
t
ic.
If
t
h
e
pow
e
r
d
i
ffe
re
nce
ΔP
a
nd
t
h
e
vo
l
t
a
g
e
di
ffe
re
nce
Δ
V
, both in the po
s
i
t
i
v
e di
r
ect
i
o
n
,
t
he
grid vo
lta
ge
incr
ease
s
.
I
f
the
vol
t
a
ge di
f
fer
e
nce
or the pow
e
r
di
ffe
re
nce
is
i
n
the
ne
ga
ti
ve
d
i
r
e
c
ti
on,
t
he
m
ain
s
v
o
lta
ge
d
e
c
r
ea
ses.
I
f
th
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
an
d
t
h
e
power
d
iffer
e
n
c
e
ar
e
in
t
he
n
ega
tive
direc
t
i
o
n,
t
he
m
a
i
ns
v
o
l
ta
ge
i
ncre
ases
[
2
2
,
2
3
]
.
A
F
l
ow
cha
r
t
of
t
h
e
(
P
&
O)
a
lg
ori
t
hm
i
s
fo
un
d
i
n
F
i
gure
4.
Rs
h
Rs
IL
Id
Ir
-
V
+
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
11,
N
o.
1
, Ma
r
202
0
:
547
–
55
4
54
8
St
a
r
t
V a
n
d
I
o
f
P
V
D(
K)
=
D
(
K
‐1
)
+
∆D
Po
w
e
r
=
V
*
I
∆
P
D
∆P
>0
∆V
>0
∆V<
0
D(K
)
=
D
(K
‐1
)
+
∆D
D(
K)
=
D
(
K
‐1
)
+
∆D
No
Ye
s
Ye
s
Ye
s
No
No
F
i
gure
4.
P
&O
a
lgor
ithm
3.
CO
NTROL SCHEME
I
n
t
h
e
s
i
n
g
l
e
-
p
h
a
s
e
D
V
R
,
a
s
i
m
p
l
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
m
e
t
h
o
d
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
a
n
d
i
t
s
eff
i
c
i
enc
y
a
t
fre
que
nt
i
ns
t
a
nce
s
i
s
e
v
a
l
u
at
ed
by
si
mu
l
a
ti
on
.
Th
e
vo
lt
ag
e
di
p
a
s
w
el
l
as
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
vo
lta
ge
a
r
e
s
imula
t
e
d
a
n
d
c
ompe
nsa
t
ed
by
an
ac
t
i
ve
f
il
ter
in
s
er
i
e
s
w
i
th
a
S
lid
in
g
Mo
de
C
on
tro
l
(
S
M
C)
m
etho
d.
I
n
a
d
d
i
t
i
on,
a
s
ingle-
pha
se
l
ocke
d
l
o
o
p
i
s
use
d
t
o
e
x
tr
act
t
h
e
a
ttit
ude
d
a
t
a.
T
he
phase
l
ocke
d
lo
o
p
o
f
thi
s
doc
ume
n
t
i
s
a
good
cho
i
c
e
for
such
s
t
r
u
c
tures
and
the
me
tho
d
o
f
t
r
eatm
e
n
t
i
s
si
m
p
le
a
n
d
e
xce
p
tio
na
l
l
y
rob
u
s
t
.
T
he
S
li
din
g
M
ode
c
o
n
tr
olle
r
proc
es
ses
th
is
err
o
r
to
g
ene
r
a
t
e
a
re
fer
e
nce
curr
ent
am
pl
it
ude
m
u
l
t
i
pl
ie
d
by
a
s
i
n
usoida
l
si
gn
al
t
o
ge
n
e
rat
e
a
r
e
f
ere
n
ce
A
C
signa
l
.
T
he
s
in
uso
i
da
l
signa
l
has t
h
e
sa
me
p
ha
se
a
n
d
t
he sa
m
e f
re
q
u
e
n
cy as
tha
t
of the
n
e
t
w
or
k
v
o
lta
ge
and i
s
gene
ra
ted
b
y
t
h
e
P
LL.
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
s
how
s
t
h
e
eq
ui
va
len
t
c
irc
u
it
o
f
S
i
ng
l
e
-p
has
e
D
V
R
a
nd
blo
c
k
di
a
g
ram
of
c
o
n
tro
l
schem
e
.
PW
M
p
u
l
s
e
ge
ne
r
a
t
o
r
SM
C
Vs
Vi
n
j
r
e
f
5
0
H
z
s
i
n
w
av
e
ge
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
PL
L
Vs
Vi
n
j
F
i
gur
e 5.
Equ
i
v
ale
n
t c
i
rcu
it o
f
S
ing
l
e-p
h
ase
D
V
R
a
nd b
l
oc
k
d
i
a
g
ram
of con
tro
l
sc
h
em
e
P
r
inci
ple
o
f
S
lidi
ng
C
o
nt
r
o
l
-
in
a
c
c
orda
nc
e
w
ith
t
he
g
e
n
era
l
t
he
ory
o
f
s
li
d
i
n
g
c
on
t
r
ol
,
all
sta
t
e
varia
b
l
e
s
a
r
e
f
o
u
nd
a
n
d
the
c
o
rre
spo
ndi
n
g
e
r
r
ors
ar
e
m
u
l
t
i
p
lie
d
by
ga
ins
K
i
a
n
d
s
um
me
d
to
f
or
m
the
s
l
i
d
i
n
g
fu
nc
ti
o
n
Ψ
.
The
n
t
he
h
y
s
ter
e
s
i
s
con
t
ro
ller
k
e
eps
th
is
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
cl
o
s
e to
z
ero
so
w
e
c
a
n
w
ri
te
:
Ψ
=
∑
∗
=0
(N
i
s
numbe
r
o
f
s
t
a
te
v
aria
b
l
e
s
a
nd
α
i
s
t
he
e
r
r
or
i
n
sta
t
e
var
i
a
ble)
[
24,
2
5].
D
e
sig
n
er
m
ust
per
f
orm
the
fo
l
l
ow
in
g
three
m
a
in tas
k
s
for c
on
t
r
oller
desi
gn
:
-
Cho
i
ce
of
s
l
i
d
i
ng surfa
ce
-
Che
c
k f
o
r e
x
i
s
t
e
nc
e of sl
i
di
n
g
m
ode
a
nd r
eac
hi
ng
con
d
i
t
i
o
n
F
i
gure
6
show
s
the
slid
in
g
co
ntr
o
l
of
t
he
D
V
R
.
In
o
rder
t
o
con
t
ro
l,
w
e
m
u
st
f
ind
t
h
e
slid
in
g
sur
f
ac
e
tha
t
w
il
l be
d
i
r
ectl
y
a
ffe
c
te
d
b
y
t
he sw
i
tch
i
n
g
law
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
PV I
n
tegr
a
t
e
d
si
ng
le-
p
ha
se d
y
nam
ic vol
t
age
restorer for sa
g vol
t
a
g
e
,
vo
lt
ag
e
f
l
u
ct
u
a
t
i
o
n
s
… (T
ouf
ik T
o
um
i)
54
9
F
i
gur
e
6.
S
lid
ing
mode
c
o
n
tr
o
l
i
n
ma
tl
a
b
4.
SIM
U
L
A
TIO
N
RESU
L
TS
To
v
e
r
if
y
the
pr
oper
func
t
i
o
n
i
ng
of
t
he
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
D
V
R
pow
e
r
ed
b
y
a
P
V
sy
stem
c
ontr
o
lle
d
by
slid
in
g
m
ode,
s
i
m
u
l
at
ions
w
er
e
d
e
velo
pe
d
in
M
A
TLA
B
\
S
i
mul
i
n
k.
T
he
p
ar
ame
t
e
r
s
w
h
i
c
h
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
u
s
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
sim
u
la
ti
on
a
r
e
show
n
in
T
ab
l
e
1
t
o
Ta
bl
e
3.
S
a
g
V
oltage
a
p
p
l
i
e
s
b
et
we
en
1
.2
t
o
2
s
,
wh
e
r
e
t
h
e
amp
l
i
t
ude
o
f
t
h
e
vo
l
t
age is
c
hos
e
n
e
q
u
a
l
t
o
50
%
, w
hi
c
h
c
or
r
e
spo
n
d
s t
o
0.
5
p
u
in
t
h
e
ph
as
e.
I
n
t
h
e
ca
se
o
f
h
a
rmo
n
i
c
s,
u
si
n
g
th
e
pr
ogr
am
ma
bl
e
A
C
sou
r
c
e
,
t
w
o
m
ain
ha
r
m
on
ic
s of
o
r
d
er
5
and 7
ar
e
gener
ated wit
h a magn
itu
de an
d
an
angl
e
pha
se
o
f
[
0
.
2
p
u,
3
5°]
and
[
0
.
3
pu,
-
25°]
r
e
spec
ti
ve
ly.
A
t
ins
t
a
n
ce
t
=
1.
2
s,
t
he
s
in
gle-
ph
a
s
e
D
V
R
com
p
e
n
sa
tes
f
o
r
and
cor
r
ec
t
s
t
he
v
o
l
tage
h
a
r
m
onic
s
by
in
jec
t
i
ng
t
h
e
com
p
lem
ent
a
ry
vol
ta
ge
v
a
l
ue
b
y
the
injec
tio
n
tr
a
n
sf
or
m
e
r
.
T
hus,
d
u
r
i
ng
t
h
e
com
p
ensa
t
i
o
n
,
the
t
o
ta
l
har
m
onic
dist
or
t
i
on
val
u
e
TH
D
i
m
pr
ove
d,
w
he
r
e
t
he
sour
c
e
T
H
D
=
50%
a
nd
t
h
e
TH
D
load
=
2
.
9
3
%
.
A
s
a
n
obse
r
vat
i
o
n
,
t
he
P
V
c
u
r
r
e
nt
w
a
s
not
a
f
f
ec
t
e
d
by
t
h
e
ha
r
m
onic
s
o
f
the
a
p
p
l
ied
v
o
l
t
a
g
e.
i
n
the
ca
se
o
f
vo
l
t
a
g
e
f
l
u
c
tu
a
t
ion,
t
he
A
C
pr
o
g
r
a
m
m
a
ble
so
u
r
c
e
i
s
pr
ogr
am
me
d
to
c
r
eate
a
v
o
l
t
a
ge
a
nd
fr
eq
u
e
nc
y
d
i
st
ur
ba
n
c
e
s
,
w
h
er
e
fol
l
ow
ing
s
p
ec
ific
atio
ns
a
r
e
u
se
d
tim
e
va
r
i
a
t
i
on
(
A
m
p
lit
ude)
a
nd
ty
pe
o
f
var
i
a
t
i
o
n
is
m
odu
lat
i
on.
Ta
b
l
e
1.
D
V
R
sys
tem
pa
r
a
m
e
ter
s
i
n
simu
la
ti
on
Sourc
e
volta
g
e
f
r
é
que
nc
e
ƒ
50
H
z
Sourc
e
volta
g
e
V
s
7
v
R
M
S
Lo
ad
r
es
i
s
t
a
n
ce
R
L
5
0
Ω
CF (LC filte
r
)
1
nF
LF
(
L
C
f
ilt
e
r
)
2
4
mH
T
r
a
n
sf
orm
e
r
12V
/230V
1
k
VA
dc
-bus
c
a
p
ac
itor C
3300
0uF
re
fe
r
e
n
c
e
vd
c
v
o
l
t
age
vdc
=
75v
Tab
l
e
2.
T
he
p
e
r
for
m
a
n
ce
of
P
v
V
ma
x
19.7
V
I
ma
x
1.
8
3
A
V
OC
27.6
V
I
SC
2.
0
6
A
Ir
r
a
dia
t
ion
100
0
W
/
m
2
T
e
m
p
er
atu
r
e
2
5
0
c
Tab
l
e
3.
S
lidin
g
mode
c
ontro
l
l
er
par
am
eters
A
1
5
000
A2
0.
5
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
11,
N
o.
1
, Ma
r
202
0
:
547
–
55
4
55
0
4.1.
V
ol
t
a
ge sag
F
i
gure
7
sh
ow
s
the
vo
l
t
a
g
e
sa
g,
vol
ta
ge
i
njec
ted
b
y
t
he
D
VR
a
n
d
l
oa
d
v
o
lt
age
.
F
igure
8
show
s
t
h
e
D
C
vo
lta
ge o
f t
h
e
P
V
c
onver
t
i
o
n c
h
ai
n i
n
sag
v
o
l
ta
ge c
ase.
F
i
gure
7.
V
ol
ta
ge S
ag,
volt
a
ge
i
njec
te
d a
n
d
lo
ad vo
l
tage
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
PV
Integr
a
t
e
d
si
ng
l
e
-p
ha
se d
y
nam
i
c
v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
st
ore
r
f
o
r
sa
g vol
t
age,
vo
lt
age
fl
uct
u
a
tio
n
s
…
(T
ouf
ik
T
o
um
i)
55
1
F
i
gur
e 8.
D
C vol
ta
ge
o
f
the
P
V
conve
rt
ion
c
h
ai
n
in
s
ag v
ol
t
a
ge
ca
se
4.2.
Har
m
on
i
c
s
elim
i
n
ati
o
n
F
i
gure
9
show
s
the
har
m
on
ic
r
ich
vo
lta
ge,
vol
ta
ge
i
njec
t
e
d
by
t
h
e
D
V
R
a
nd
loa
d
v
ol
ta
g
e
.
F
i
gure
10
show
s t
h
e
D
C
v
o
ltage
o
f
t
h
e P
V
c
onver
t
i
o
n cha
i
n
i
n
H
a
r
mon
i
c
v
o
l
t
a
ge c
ase.
F
i
gure
9.
H
armon
i
c r
i
ch v
o
lta
ge,
vol
ta
ge
i
nje
c
ted a
n
d l
o
a
d
vol
t
ag
e
0
0.
5
1
1.
5
2
2.
5
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
V_
d
c
V_
d
c
r
e
f
1
1.
2
1.
4
1.
6
1.
8
2
74
.
2
74
.
4
74
.
6
74
.
8
75
75
.
2
75
.
4
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
11,
N
o.
1
, Ma
r
202
0
:
547
–
55
4
55
2
F
i
gure
1
0
.
D
C
vo
ltage
o
f
t
h
e P
V
c
onver
t
i
o
n cha
i
n i
n
H
a
r
mon
i
c
v
o
lt
a
g
e
ca
se
4.3.
V
ol
t
a
ge f
l
u
ctu
a
tion
s
F
i
gure
11
an
d
F
i
gure
12
sh
ow
t
he
v
ol
ta
ge
f
luc
t
uat
i
o
ns,
v
o
lta
ge
in
jec
t
ed
b
y
t
h
e
D
V
R
a
nd
l
o
a
d
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
and
D
C
v
ol
ta
g
e
o
f
the
P
V
c
onver
t
i
o
n
cha
i
n
in
V
o
l
tag
e
f
l
u
c
t
ua
t
i
o
n
s
c
a
s
e
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
3
a
n
d
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
4
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
F
F
T of source
vo
l
tage
b
e
f
or
e a
nd af
t
e
r
usi
n
g
D
V
R-P
V
.
F
i
gur
e 1
1
.
V
o
lt
age
fl
uc
tua
t
io
n
s
,
vol
tage
i
n
j
e
c
t
ed
by
t
h
e D
V
R
a
n
d loa
d
v
olt
a
g
e
0
0.
5
1
1.
5
2
2.
5
3
3.
5
4
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
V_
d
c
V_
d
c
r
e
f
0.
8
1
1.
2
1.
4
1.
6
1.
8
2
2.
2
2.
4
73
74
75
76
77
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
PV
Integr
a
t
e
d
si
ng
l
e
-p
ha
se d
y
nam
i
c
v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
st
ore
r
f
o
r
sa
g vol
t
age,
vo
lt
age
fl
uct
u
a
tio
n
s
…
(T
ouf
ik
T
o
um
i)
55
3
F
i
gure
1
2
.
D
C
vo
l
t
a
ge
o
f t
h
e
P
V
c
onver
t
i
o
n c
h
ai
n i
n
V
olta
ge
fl
u
c
t
ua
tio
ns
ca
s
e
F
i
gure
1
3
. The
F
F
T
o
f sourc
e
vol
ta
ge
bef
or us
i
n
g
DVR-PV
F
i
gure
1
4
. The
F
F
T
o
f sourc
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
after
u
s
i
ng
DV
R
-
PV
5.
CO
NC
L
U
S
I
O
N
I
n
t
h
i
s
art
i
cle,
it
is
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
to
d
esi
g
n
an
d
sim
u
la
te
a
n
ew
D
V
R
sys
t
em
p
ower
ed
by
a
re
n
e
w
a
ble
e
n
erg
y
source
.
The
prop
ose
d
s
ys
tem
con
s
is
t
s
t
w
o
c
o
nve
n
tio
na
l
u
p
-
c
on
ver
t
e
rs
f
or
h
arm
o
n
i
c
c
o
mpe
n
sa
ti
on,
s
ag
v
o
l
t
a
ge
and v
o
l
ta
ge
f
l
u
c
t
ua
tio
ns
t
o the
load.
The
P
V
s
ys
tem
c
ons
i
s
t
s
a
n
M
PP
T
algorit
h
m
for
extr
act
i
ng
t
he
m
axim
um
pow
er
o
f
the
p
a
n
e
l.
T
he
D
V
R
s
ys
tem
w
a
s
con
t
ro
l
l
ed
by
a
sli
d
i
ng
m
ode
c
on
tro
l
ler.
F
rom
t
h
e
t
a
sks
per
f
orm
e
d
un
der
Mat
l
a
b
s
imul
i
nk,
it
c
a
n
be
n
o
t
e
d
t
ha
t
from
t
his
s
i
mula
ti
o
n
tha
t
t
he
T
H
D
of
t
he
s
our
c
e
vol
ta
ge
i
s
re
duce
d
from
50%
t
o
2.
96
%
w
ith
t
he
D
V
R
-P
V.
A
mon
g
t
he
r
e
s
ul
ts
obt
a
i
ne
d,
r
e
newa
ble
ene
r
g
i
es
c
a
n
b
e
a
n
e
ffecti
v
e
so
l
u
t
i
o
n
for
so
l
vin
g
e
ner
gy
qu
ali
t
y
pro
b
lem
s
.
REFE
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I
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q
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a
l
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t
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u
s
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g
d
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“
D
yn
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s
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c
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r
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ors
:
cos
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-eff
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v
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d
u
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v
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u
s
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l
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ip
me
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:
a
n
a
l
ys
is
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sse
s
s
m
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n
t,"
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“Overv
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of
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oltag
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sag
m
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tig
ati
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”
Power E
n
g
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q
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s
o
l
u
t
i
ons
a
n
d
e
n
ergy
s
av
in
gs—what
is
r
eal?
”
E
n
e
r
g
y
En
g
i
neeri
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g
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“
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l
u
ti
on
s
f
o
r
v
o
l
t
age
sag
s
u
sin
g
dy
nami
c
vo
lt
age
res
t
o
r
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,
”
Elect
ri
c Po
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Com
pon
ent
s
a
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
11,
N
o.
1
, Ma
r
202
0
:
547
–
55
4
55
4
[10]
J.
G
.
Ni
e
l
s
e
n,
M
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N
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N
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a
nd
F
.
B
l
aabjerg,
“
C
ontrol
a
nd
testi
ng
o
f
a
d
yn
ami
c
v
o
ltage
r
est
o
rer
(D
VR)
at m
ediu
m vo
lt
a
g
e l
e
vel,
”
IEEE T
r
ans
actio
ns
on
po
wer
el
ectro
n
i
cs
,
v
o
l. 19
,
n
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. 3
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o
sh
an
d
G. Ledw
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qu
a
l
ity
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using
custo
m
p
o
wer
devi
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.
Lo
nd
on
,
UK:
K
lu
we
r,
2
00
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P
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a
l
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p
u
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a
n
d
S
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A
l
ahak
oo
n,
"
A
uto
m
a
t
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d
c
on
tro
l
t
e
c
h
niqu
e
for
a
sing
le
p
ha
s
e
dy
nam
i
c
vo
ltag
e
r
est
o
rer,
"
P
r
oce
e
dings o
f
the In
ternat
iona
l Co
nfe
r
ence on Informati
on and
Aut
o
mat
i
on
,
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3–
68
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e
na
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k
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A
lla
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i
,
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Me
fto
u
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perim
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t
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f
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h
ase
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ctive
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ilter
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i
ng
Fuzzy
C
ontrol
Technique,”
In
te
r
n
a
t
i
ona
l Jour
nal o
f
Po
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ro
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uresh
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"
Power
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Usi
ng
Mu
lti-
L
e
vel
Inverter
B
ased
D
VR
a
nd
D
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
U
s
i
n
g
N
e
u
r
o
-
F
u
z
z
y
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
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,
"
Inter
n
a
t
i
onal
J
o
ur
na
l of P
o
wer Electro
ni
cs
A
n
d
Dr
ive Sys
t
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(I
J
P
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D
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)
, Vo
l
.
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7
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[15]
B.
F
erdi
,
S
.
D
ib
,
B.
B
erb
a
ou
i,
a
n
d
R
.
Dehin
i
,
“
D
e
si
gn
and
Sim
u
l
ation
o
f
D
yn
am
i
c
Vo
l
t
a
ge
R
es
torer
Bas
e
d
o
n
F
u
zzy
Controller Opti
mi
zed
by
ANFI
S
,”
Inter
natio
nal Jo
ur
na
l of
P
o
wer
El
ectro
n
i
cs And
Drive S
y
s
t
ems
(
I
JPED
S
)
, Vol
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.
B
.
A
j
aei,
S.
A
fsh
a
rni
a
,
A.
K
ahrob
aeian
a
nd
S
.
F
arh
a
ngi
,
“
A
f
ast
an
d
eff
ecti
v
e
con
t
ro
l
sch
e
me
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
y
n
amic
vo
lt
age restorer,”
IEEE
t
r
ansa
c
tion
s o
n
p
o
wer del
i
very
,
v
o
l
. 26
,
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98
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6, 20
1
1
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[17]
P
.
T
hiru
mo
ort
h
i
,
S
.
Deep
ik
a
,
a
nd
N
.
Y
ad
aiah
,
"
S
o
l
ar
e
nerg
y
bas
e
d
d
ynam
i
c
sag
c
o
m
p
en
sato
r,
"
G
r
een
Comp
ut
in
g
Com
m
un
icati
on an
d
Electrica
l Eng
i
n
eerin
g
(ICGCCEE),
20
14 Intern
ati
o
n
a
l
Confe
r
ence
, IE
E
E, p
p.
1-6
, 20
1
4
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[18]
MA.
El
gendy,
B
.
Zahaw
i
,
and
DJ.
A
t
k
i
n
s
on,
“
Asses
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
pertur
b
an
d
observe
M
P
P
T
al
go
rit
h
m
i
m
p
l
emen
ta
t
i
o
n
tech
niq
u
es
f
or PV p
u
m
p
i
ng app
l
icatio
ns
,”
IEEE Tran
s Su
s
t
ain
En
e
r
g
y
, v
o
l
. 3
(1), p
p
. 21
–
3
3
, 2
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2.
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A.
M
eft
o
u
h
i, O Ab
d
elk
h
al
ek,
A.
A
ll
ali
,
A
B
en
ab
d
e
lk
a
d
er,
an
d T
.
To
umi
,
“
PV
I
n
t
e
g
rated
S
e
ri
es
A
cti
v
e
Filt
er f
or
s
a
g
vo
lt
age
and
harm
on
ic
C
omp
e
nsati
on,
”
Inter
n
a
t
ion
a
l Jo
ur
nal of
Po
wer El
ectr
onics a
n
d
Drive Sys
t
ems
(
I
JPE
D
S
)
,
vol
,
1
0
, no
.
3,
20
19
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[20]
H.
S
.
Rau
s
ch
enb
a
ch
,
So
la
r Cell Arra
y Desi
gn
Ha
ndb
oo
k.
T
h
e
P
r
in
ciples
and
T
echn
o
l
ogy o
f
Phot
ovo
l
t
a
ic
E
n
ergy
Conversi
on
. N
e
w Y
o
rk
:
Van Nost
ra
n
d
Re
i
nh
o
l
d
, 1
98
0.
[21]
Z.
M
.
Salameh
,
a
nd
F
.
Dagher,
“T
he
E
ff
e
c
t
of
Elect
r
i
cal
t
r
i
c
a
l
Array
Conf
igu
r
a
t
i
on
on
th
e
P
e
rform
a
nce
o
f
a
P
V
Powere
d Volumetri
c
W
a
t
er
P
u
m
p,
”
IEE
E
Tr
ans.
o
n
E
n
er
gy Co
nv
ers
i
o
n
,
Vo
l
.
5
,
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-65
8
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[22]
D.
P.
H
oh
m
and
M
.
E
.
Ro
pp,
“
Com
p
arati
v
e
Stud
y
o
f
M
ax
i
m
u
m
P
ower
P
oint
T
racking
Algori
t
hmsUsing
a
n
Ex
perim
e
ntal
,
Prog
ram
m
ab
le,
Max
i
m
u
m
P
o
we
r
Po
int
T
r
acki
ng
Test
B
ed,
”
IEEE
P
r
oc.
o
f
photovol
taic s
p
ecia
l
i
s
t
s
con
f
er
e
n
ce
,
p
p.
169
9-1
7
0
2
,
2
000.
[23]
M.
A
.
Elgendy,
B
.
Zahawi,
a
n
d
D.
J
.
Atkinson,
“
Assessm
ent
of
P
e
rturb
and
Obs
e
rve
MPPT
A
lgor
it
h
m
Im
pl
e
m
en
tatio
n
Tech
ni
qu
e
s
f
or
P
V
P
u
m
p
i
ng
App
l
i
catio
ns,
”
IEE
E
T
r
ans
ac
t
i
o
n
on Su
st
ai
nable
E
n
er
gy
,
Vol
.
3
,
No. 1
, p
p
. 21
3
3
, 2
0
1
2
.
[24]
R.R.
E
rrab
ell
i
,
Y.Y.
K
olh
a
t
k
ar,
a
n
d
S.
P.
D
as,
“Experim
e
n
t
al
i
n
v
es
t
i
ga
ti
on
o
f
D
VR
w
ith
s
lid
i
n
g
mode
c
ont
rol,”
IE
EE
Po
wer In
d
i
a
Confer
ence
,
200
6.
[25]
A
.
P
a
n
d
e
y
,
R
.
A
g
r
a
w
a
l
,
R
.
S
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M
a
n
d
l
o
i
a
n
d
B
.
S
a
r
k
a
r
,
“
S
l
i
d
i
n
g
M
o
de
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
o
f
Dynam
i
c
Vo
ltag
e
Rest
orer
by
Us
in
g
a
N
e
w
Ad
apt
i
v
e
R
ea
chi
n
g
L
a
w,”
Jou
r
n
a
l of th
e
In
stitu
t
i
on
o
f
En
g
i
neer
s
(Indi
a
)
: Ser
i
es
B
,
vol.
98,
no.
6
,
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79-5
8
9
,
2
0
1
7.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.