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427
~
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
i S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
8
:
427
–
4
3
2
428
Du
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to
th
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[
7
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[
8
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[
9
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1
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.
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was r
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[
1
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1
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1
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1
4
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1
5
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1
6
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1
7
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e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
b
atter
y
s
ta
te
v
ar
iab
les,
an
d
an
ac
cu
r
ate
SOC
g
a
u
g
e
i
s
cr
itical
to
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t o
f
b
atter
ies [
19
].
2.
D
E
SCR
I
P
T
I
O
N
O
F
T
H
E
S
YST
E
M
Fig
u
r
e
1
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
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w
th
e
s
ch
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m
atics
a
n
d
p
h
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to
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r
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h
o
f
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V
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m
f
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Gr
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n
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o
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atio
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ar
k
at
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n
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g
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aa
n
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la
y
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ia
(
UKM
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in
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an
g
i,
Ma
la
y
s
ia.
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h
e
m
ain
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
t
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e,
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ac
k
in
g
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V
s
y
s
te
m
,
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OS
co
m
p
o
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n
t
s
(
i.e
.
,
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e
b
atter
y
b
an
k
,
th
e
c
h
ar
g
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
th
e
DC
/
AC
in
v
er
ter
)
,
an
d
an
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tr
icit
y
g
en
er
atio
n
d
e
v
ice
eq
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ip
p
ed
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ith
a
w
ir
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n
g
s
et
u
p
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sch
e
m
atic
o
f
tr
ac
k
in
g
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
s
tatio
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
P
h
o
to
g
r
ap
h
o
f
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
s
tatio
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
P
h
o
to
g
r
ap
h
o
f
ch
ar
g
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
DC
/
A
C
in
v
er
ter
a
n
d
w
ir
ele
s
s
d
ata
lo
g
g
er
P
an
aso
n
ic
HI
T
p
o
w
er
s
o
lar
p
an
els
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
its
h
i
g
h
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
in
s
u
n
l
ig
h
t
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
e
f
f
icien
c
y
.
A
to
tal
o
f
5
0
P
V
p
an
els
w
it
h
r
ated
ca
p
ac
it
y
1
2
k
W
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
E
ac
h
P
V
p
a
n
el
i
s
r
ated
2
4
0
W
w
i
th
v
o
lta
g
e
V
m
p
o
f
4
3
.
7
V
an
d
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
cu
r
r
en
t,
I
s
c
o
f
5
.
8
5
A
.
Fo
u
r
ar
r
ay
s
w
ith
1
2
p
an
els
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
te
d
in
s
er
ies.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
a
to
tal
o
f
3
MP
PT
s
o
la
r
ch
ar
g
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
v
ar
io
tr
ac
k
is
u
s
ed
to
s
ti
m
u
la
te
an
d
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
,
s
o
t
h
at
B
OS
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
ize
in
to
w
o
r
k
in
g
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
a
t
its
h
ig
h
est
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
s
o
lar
,
b
atter
y
,
an
d
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
at
r
ea
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ti
m
e
v
al
u
e
a
n
d
also
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ag
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ata
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o
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e
w
d
a
y
s
’
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ata.
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to
tal
o
f
2
4
b
atter
ies
w
i
th
ca
p
ac
it
y
1
0
0
0
A
h
o
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ce
ll
ar
e
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ed
in
th
i
s
s
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te
m
,
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ich
1
2
b
atter
ies
ar
e
co
n
n
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ted
i
n
s
er
ies
an
d
p
ar
all
eled
in
2
ar
r
a
y
s
.
E
ac
h
b
atter
y
is
2
V,
w
h
ich
lead
ac
id
b
atter
y
w
a
s
c
h
o
s
e
n
as
t
h
e
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
A
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r
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tu
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a
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ystem
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ile
S
ta
tio
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in
Ma
la
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(
A
h
ma
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)
429
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
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m
w
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y
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-
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it
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asu
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tec
h
n
iq
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u
r
i
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tw
o
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y
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n
m
o
n
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ea
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o
cc
u
r
r
ed
in
th
e
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e
m
b
er
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d
t
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ay
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an
u
ar
y
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n
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.
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elev
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ata
f
o
r
t
w
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a
y
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n
m
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o
o
n
s
ea
s
o
n
(
Dec
e
m
b
er
2
1
an
d
2
2
)
is
p
r
e
s
en
ted
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
r
d
o
f
th
e
SO
C
as
a
f
u
n
ct
io
n
o
f
ti
m
e
f
o
r
r
ain
y
d
a
y
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
r
ec
o
r
d
o
f
th
e
SO
C
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
ti
m
e
f
o
r
s
u
n
n
y
d
a
y
s
.
T
h
e
b
atter
y
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
w
a
s
ab
o
u
t 2
9
–
33
o
C
as sh
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
6.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
r
d
o
f
th
e
S
OC
as a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
ti
m
e
f
o
r
r
ain
y
d
a
y
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Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
r
d
o
f
th
e
S
OC
as a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
ti
m
e
f
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r
s
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n
n
y
d
a
y
s
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
r
d
o
f
b
atter
y
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
as a
f
u
n
c
tio
n
o
f
ti
m
e
f
o
r
s
u
n
n
y
d
a
y
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
i S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
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Ma
r
ch
2
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8
:
427
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2
430
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
tr
ac
k
in
g
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
P
V)
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
s
tatio
n
is
t
h
e
c
lean
an
d
f
r
ie
n
d
l
y
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
it
is
k
n
o
w
s
as
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
u
tu
r
e
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
te
m
to
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
o
n
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
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s
e
o
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co
n
v
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n
tio
n
al
f
u
el
to
th
e
r
en
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
air
p
o
llu
tan
t
s
o
th
at
t
h
e
w
ar
m
in
g
g
lo
b
al
an
d
cli
m
ate
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
ca
n
b
e
s
lo
w
e
d
d
o
w
n
a
n
d
d
i
m
i
n
is
h
ed
.
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
t
h
er
e
is
a
g
o
o
d
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
p
ilo
t
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
s
tatio
n
at
r
e
m
o
te,
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
is
th
e
f
ir
s
t
f
u
ll
s
o
lar
p
o
w
er
s
tati
o
n
,
w
h
ic
h
ac
ts
as
p
ilo
t
p
r
o
j
e
ct
b
y
C
elco
m
Sd
n
.
B
h
d
.
Su
c
ce
s
s
o
f
t
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
o
w
s
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
elec
tr
i
f
y
i
n
g
r
u
r
al,
r
e
m
o
te
ar
ea
.
T
h
e
d
esi
g
n
is
h
o
p
ed
to
b
e
a
p
io
n
ee
r
a
n
d
a
cts as
w
ell
-
k
n
o
w
n
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
en
s
u
r
e
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
is
t
h
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
s
u
p
p
ly
o
f
elec
tr
icit
y
in
f
ar
lo
ca
ted
u
r
b
an
f
r
i
n
g
e
ar
ea
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
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M
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NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
li
k
e
to
th
an
k
t
h
e
C
elco
m
Sd
n
.
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h
d
f
o
r
f
u
n
d
in
g
,
an
d
UKM
f
o
r
f
u
n
d
in
g
(
GP
-
K0
2
0
4
4
8
)
an
d
(
GG
P
-
2017
-
0
4
5
)
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
F
u
d
h
o
l
i,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
Re
v
ie
w
o
f
so
la
r
d
ry
in
g
s
y
ste
m
s
w
it
h
a
ir
-
b
a
se
d
so
lar
c
o
ll
e
c
to
rs
in
M
a
lay
sia
,"
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iew
,
v
o
l.
5
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
9
1
-
1
2
0
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
]
A
.
F
u
d
h
o
li
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
T
e
c
h
n
o
-
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
o
f
so
lar
d
r
y
in
g
s
y
ste
m
s
w
i
th
w
a
ter
b
a
s
e
d
so
lar
c
o
ll
e
c
to
rs
in
M
a
la
y
sia
:
a
re
v
ie
w
,"
Ren
e
wa
b
le a
n
d
S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iew
,
v
o
l
.
5
1
,
p
p
.
8
0
9
-
8
2
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
]
A
.
F
u
d
h
o
li
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
p
o
te
n
ti
a
l
o
f
so
lar
d
ry
in
g
s
y
ste
m
f
o
r
p
a
lm
o
il
f
ro
n
d
s
,"
Ren
e
wa
b
l
e
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
7
8
,
p
p
.
5
6
1
-
6
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[4
]
A
.
F
u
d
h
o
l
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
e
x
e
rg
y
a
n
a
l
y
se
s o
f
so
lar d
r
y
in
g
s
y
st
e
m
f
o
r
re
d
se
a
we
e
d
,"
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
Bu
il
d
in
g
s
,
v
o
l.
6
8
,
p
p
.
1
2
1
-
2
9
,
2
0
1
4
.
[5
]
A
.
F
u
d
h
o
li
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
so
lar
d
ry
in
g
s
y
ste
m
fo
r
re
d
c
h
il
i
,"
S
o
l
a
r
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
9
9
,
p
p
.
4
7
-
5
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[6
]
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7
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8
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e
rv
iso
r),
2
M
a
ste
r’s
stu
d
e
n
t
b
y
re
se
a
rc
h
m
o
d
e
,
a
n
d
5
M
a
ste
r’s
stu
d
e
n
t
b
y
c
o
u
rse
w
o
rk
m
o
d
e
,
h
e
w
a
s
a
lso
a
s
e
x
a
m
in
e
r
(3
P
h
.
D
a
n
d
1
M
.
S
c
).
His
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
f
o
c
u
se
s
o
n
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
,
e
sp
e
c
iall
y
so
lar
e
n
e
rg
y
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
th
e
rm
a
l
(P
V
T
)
s
y
ste
m
s
a
n
d
so
lar
d
ry
in
g
s
y
ste
m
s.
He
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
m
o
re
th
a
n
1
0
0
p
e
e
r
-
re
v
ie
w
e
d
p
a
p
e
rs,
w
h
ich
2
5
p
a
p
e
rs
in
IS
I
i
n
d
e
x
(2
0
Q1
,
im
p
a
c
t
f
a
c
to
r
m
o
re
th
a
n
3
)
a
n
d
m
o
re
t
h
a
n
5
0
p
a
p
e
rs
in
S
c
o
p
u
s
in
d
e
x
,
1
0
m
o
re
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
c
c
e
p
ted
m
a
n
u
sc
rip
t,
2
0
m
o
re
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
u
n
d
e
r
re
v
iew
,
a
n
d
2
b
o
o
k
c
h
a
p
ter
s.
A
d
d
it
io
n
,
h
e
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
m
o
re
th
a
n
7
0
p
a
p
e
rs
i
n
i
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
s.
His
to
tal
c
it
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
6
0
1
b
y
4
1
1
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
ts
a
n
d
h
-
in
d
e
x
o
f
1
2
in
S
c
o
p
u
s
(A
u
th
o
r
ID:
5
7
1
9
5
4
3
2
4
9
0
).
His
to
tal
c
it
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
1
1
0
9
a
n
d
h
-
i
n
d
e
x
o
f
1
9
in
g
o
o
g
le
sc
h
o
lar.
He
is
a
p
p
o
in
ted
a
s
re
v
ie
w
e
r
o
f
h
ig
h
im
p
a
c
t
(Q1
)
jo
u
rn
a
l
s
u
c
h
a
s
Re
n
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le
E
n
e
rg
y
R
e
v
ie
ws
,
En
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rsio
n
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
A
p
p
li
e
d
En
e
rg
y
,
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
Bu
il
d
in
g
s,
A
p
p
li
e
d
T
h
e
rm
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
En
e
rg
y
,
In
d
u
strial
Cr
o
p
s
a
n
d
P
r
o
d
u
c
ts,
e
tc.
He
is
a
p
p
o
i
n
ted
a
s
re
v
ie
we
r
o
f
re
p
u
tatio
n
jo
u
rn
a
ls
su
c
h
a
s
Dr
y
in
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
G
re
e
n
En
e
rg
y
,
Bio
s
y
ste
m
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
u
sta
in
a
b
il
it
y
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
e
rg
y
E
ff
icie
n
c
y
,
S
a
in
s
M
a
la
y
sia
n
a
,
Ju
rn
a
l
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
e
tc.
He
i
s
a
lso
a
p
p
o
in
te
d
a
s
e
d
it
o
r
j
o
u
r
n
a
ls.
He
h
a
s
re
c
e
iv
e
d
se
v
e
ra
l
a
w
a
rd
s
su
c
h
a
s
G
o
ld
M
e
d
a
l
Aw
a
rd
a
t
th
e
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Ib
n
A
l
-
Ha
y
th
a
m
’
s
A
l
-
M
a
n
a
z
ir
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
In
v
e
n
ti
o
n
Ex
h
ib
it
io
n
2
0
1
1
,
S
il
v
e
r
M
e
d
a
l
Aw
a
rd
a
t
th
e
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
EX
P
O (IT
E
X) 2
0
1
2
,
S
il
v
e
r
M
e
d
a
l
A
w
a
rd
a
t
th
e
M
a
lay
si
a
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Ex
p
o
(M
T
E)
2
0
1
3
,
Bro
n
z
e
M
e
d
a
l
Aw
a
rd
a
t
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Ex
p
o
siti
o
n
o
f
Re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
In
v
e
n
ti
o
n
(
P
ECI
P
T
A
)
2
0
1
1
,
a
lso
2
Br
o
n
z
e
M
e
d
a
l
Aw
a
rd
a
t
P
ECI
P
T
A
2
0
1
7
.
He
w
a
s
a
lso
in
v
it
e
d
a
s
sp
e
a
k
e
r:
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
o
f
S
c
ien
ti
f
ic
Jo
u
rn
a
l
W
rit
in
g
;
W
rit
in
g
S
c
ien
ti
f
ic
P
a
p
e
rs
S
tep
s T
o
w
a
rd
s S
u
c
c
e
ss
f
u
l
P
u
b
l
ish
in
Hig
h
Im
p
a
c
t
(Q1
)
Jo
u
r
n
a
ls.
A
r.
Dr.
L
i
m
Ch
in
Ha
w
is
a
S
e
n
io
r
Re
se
a
rc
h
F
e
ll
o
w
a
t
th
e
S
o
l
a
r
En
e
rg
y
Re
s
e
a
rc
h
In
stit
u
te
(S
ERI),
Un
iv
e
rsity
Ke
b
a
n
g
sa
a
n
M
a
la
y
sia
a
n
d
a
p
ro
f
e
s
sio
n
a
l
re
g
istere
d
A
r
c
h
it
e
c
t
w
it
h
th
e
M
a
la
y
sia
Bo
a
rd
o
f
A
rc
h
it
e
c
ts.
He
h
a
s
1
5
y
e
a
rs
o
f
p
ro
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
ra
l
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
a
n
d
m
o
re
th
a
n
1
3
y
e
a
rs
a
s
a
n
a
v
id
re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
c
o
v
e
rin
g
a
v
a
rie
ty
o
f
p
ro
jec
ts
b
o
th
lo
c
a
l
a
n
d
in
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l.
He
is
a
c
ti
v
e
l
y
in
v
o
lv
e
d
in
m
a
n
y
so
lar
e
n
e
rg
y
r
e
se
a
rc
h
e
s
a
n
d
d
e
m
o
n
stra
ti
o
n
p
ro
jec
ts
w
it
h
in
d
u
stries
a
n
d
in
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
ll
a
b
o
ra
ti
o
n
w
it
h
re
n
o
w
n
e
d
re
se
a
rc
h
in
stit
u
te
su
c
h
a
s
F
ra
u
n
h
o
f
e
r
S
o
lar
En
e
rg
y
R
e
se
a
rc
h
In
stit
u
te,
G
e
r
m
a
n
y
.
His
a
r
e
a
o
f
e
x
p
e
rti
se
e
n
c
o
m
p
a
ss
e
s
P
a
ss
iv
e
a
n
d
L
o
w
En
e
rg
y
A
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
Bu
i
ld
i
n
g
In
teg
ra
ted
P
V
S
y
ste
m
(BIP
V
)
,
En
e
rg
y
Eff
icie
n
c
y
in
Bu
il
d
i
n
g
s,
S
o
lar
As
siste
d
A
ir
-
Co
n
d
it
i
o
n
in
g
sy
ste
m
,
Bu
il
d
in
g
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
S
im
u
latio
n
a
n
d
Na
tu
ra
l
V
e
n
ti
lat
io
n
.
He
h
a
s
a
lso
re
c
e
iv
e
d
se
v
e
r
a
l
a
wa
rd
s
n
a
m
e
l
y
th
e
A
se
a
n
En
e
rg
y
Aw
a
rd
s
2
0
0
4
a
n
d
2
0
1
4
,
S
il
v
e
r
M
e
d
a
l
A
wa
rd
f
o
r
Bu
il
d
in
g
In
teg
ra
ted
P
V
T
h
e
rm
a
l
S
o
lar
Co
ll
e
c
to
rs
a
t
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Ex
p
o
si
ti
o
n
o
f
Re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
In
v
e
n
ti
o
n
(
P
ECIP
T
A
)
2
0
0
9
,
S
il
v
e
r
M
e
d
a
l
Aw
a
rd
f
o
r
Ultra
L
o
w
En
e
rg
y
H
o
u
se
a
t
th
e
M
a
lay
sia
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
E
x
p
o
(M
T
E)
2
0
1
0
a
n
d
G
o
ld
M
e
d
a
l
Aw
a
rd
f
o
r
In
v
e
rted
A
ir
F
o
il
W
in
d
Driv
e
n
V
e
n
t
il
a
ti
o
n
T
o
w
e
r
a
t
th
e
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
I
b
n
A
l
-
Ha
y
th
a
m
’s
A
l
-
M
a
n
a
z
ir
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
In
v
e
n
ti
o
n
Ex
h
ib
i
ti
o
n
2
0
1
1
.
P
r
o
f
Da
to
’
Dr.
Ka
m
a
ru
z
z
a
m
a
n
S
o
p
ian
g
ra
d
u
a
ted
w
it
h
th
e
BS
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
W
isc
o
n
sin
-
M
a
d
iso
n
in
1
9
8
5
,
t
h
e
M
S
i
n
En
e
rg
y
Re
so
u
rc
e
s
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
P
it
tsb
u
rg
h
in
1
9
8
9
a
n
d
P
h
D
in
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
Do
rg
a
n
S
o
lar
Lab
o
ra
to
ry
,
Un
iv
e
r
sit
y
o
f
M
iam
i
a
t
Co
ra
l
G
a
b
les
in
1
9
9
7
.
His
M
S
t
h
e
sis
w
a
s
o
n
S
o
la
r
A
b
so
rp
ti
o
n
C
o
o
li
n
g
S
y
ste
m
a
n
d
th
e
P
h
D
d
isse
rtatio
n
w
a
s
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
Do
u
b
le
-
P
a
ss
P
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
T
h
e
r
m
a
l
S
o
lar
Co
ll
e
c
to
rs.
Up
o
n
g
ra
d
u
a
ti
o
n
,
h
e
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
p
p
o
in
t
e
d
a
s
a
n
As
sista
n
t
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
a
t
t
h
e
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
a
n
d
M
a
teria
ls
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
U
n
iv
e
rsiti
Ke
b
a
n
g
sa
a
n
M
a
lay
sia
(Na
ti
o
n
a
l
U
n
iv
e
rsity
o
f
M
a
la
y
sia
).
He
w
a
s
p
ro
m
o
ted
to
th
e
p
o
st
o
f
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
o
f
Re
n
e
w
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
in
th
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
a
n
d
M
a
teria
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
a
t
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Ke
b
a
n
g
sa
a
n
M
a
la
y
sia
(th
e
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
M
a
la
y
sia
)
in
2
0
0
1
a
n
d
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
is
th
e
Dire
c
to
r
o
f
th
e
S
o
lar
En
e
rg
y
Re
s
e
a
rc
h
In
stit
u
te
i
n
th
e
sa
m
e
u
n
iv
e
rsit
y
sin
c
e
2
0
0
5
.
He
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
in
v
o
lv
e
d
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
f
o
r
m
o
re
th
a
n
2
5
-
y
e
a
rs.
His
m
a
in
c
o
n
tri
b
u
ti
o
n
s
a
re
in
so
lar
ra
d
iatio
n
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
re
so
u
rc
e
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t,
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.