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8
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ated
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as “
T
r
an
s
f
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r
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in
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ter
”
[
9
]
-
[
1
1
]
.
B
y
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f
ee
d
i
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g
th
e
r
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o
f
th
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cir
c
u
it
[
12
]
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
s
h
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r
tco
m
i
n
g
o
f
th
i
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
0
8
8
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8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1733
–
1
7
4
4
1734
to
p
o
lo
g
y
i
s
th
at
t
h
e
ze
r
o
-
cr
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m
e
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a
s
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t
b
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m
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a
ted
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
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to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
b
u
l
k
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n
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ig
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s
ize
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u
e
to
th
e
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tr
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l
y
tic
ca
p
ac
i
to
r
s
h
av
i
n
g
lar
g
e
v
al
u
es.
[
13]
,
[
1
4
]
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
n
o
v
el
to
p
o
lo
g
y
i
n
cl
u
d
es
a
b
u
ck
-
b
o
o
s
t
ch
o
p
p
er
w
h
ich
m
i
n
i
m
ized
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
o
l
y
tic
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
a
n
d
th
u
s
it
i
m
p
r
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v
ed
t
h
e
co
m
p
ac
tn
es
s
o
f
t
h
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
[
13]
,
[
1
4
]
is
in
s
p
ir
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Fl
y
b
ac
k
to
p
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
is
,
n
o
n
eth
e
less
,
h
ar
m
ed
b
y
v
o
ltag
e
s
p
ik
e
s
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
leak
ag
e
i
n
d
u
c
tan
ce
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
[
15
]
.
Hav
in
g
s
aid
th
a
t,
[
15
]
,
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
q
u
ite
en
h
an
ce
d
to
p
o
lo
g
y
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
d
u
al
s
w
itc
h
i
n
v
er
ter
i
n
s
tead
o
f
th
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s
i
n
g
le
-
s
w
itc
h
o
n
e
b
ein
g
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
o
f
[
13]
,
[
1
4
]
.
Su
ch
m
o
d
i
f
ied
to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
t
h
e
s
o
-
ca
lled
“m
o
d
i
f
ied
S
h
i
m
izu
i
n
v
er
t
er
”
[
15
]
.
T
h
e
is
o
lated
in
v
er
ter
av
ailab
le
in
p
ar
allel
-
p
ar
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co
n
f
i
g
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r
atio
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,
as
s
u
g
g
ested
in
[
16
]
,
ca
n
b
e
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
as
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
-
eq
u
ip
p
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
I
t
is
a
n
i
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
w
h
er
e
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
ter
m
i
n
al
s
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
ta
g
es
ar
e
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
s
e
m
i
-
p
ar
allel
w
a
y
to
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ter
m
in
a
ls
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
I
n
th
i
s
to
p
o
lo
g
y
,
ea
c
h
s
ta
g
e
is
d
ev
o
te
d
to
o
n
e
h
alf
-
c
y
cle.
B
o
th
Nag
ao
an
d
Har
ad
a
s
u
g
g
ested
in
[
17
]
a
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
esi
g
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
Fl
y
b
a
ck
in
v
er
te
r
to
p
o
lo
g
y
th
a
t
i
s
b
ased
o
n
b
o
th
,
s
er
ial
an
d
p
ar
allel
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
io
n
s
.
S
u
ch
in
v
er
ter
u
s
e
s
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
w
o
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
F
l
y
b
ac
k
co
n
v
er
te
r
s
w
h
er
e
th
eir
o
u
tp
u
ts
ar
e
li
n
k
ed
in
s
er
ies
to
th
e
g
r
id
;
w
h
er
e
as,
th
eir
in
p
u
ts
ar
e
lin
k
ed
in
p
ar
allel
to
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
aic
m
o
d
u
le.
Desp
ite
t
h
e
h
u
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
v
er
ter
s
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
s
o
f
ar
an
d
t
h
at
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
m
ar
e
co
m
m
er
ciall
y
av
a
ilab
le,
s
till
t
h
e
n
e
u
tr
al
p
o
in
t
cla
m
p
ed
(
NP
C
)
,
th
e
HE
R
I
C
,
t
h
e
H5
an
d
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
in
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
k
n
o
w
n
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
e
x
h
ib
iti
n
g
h
i
g
h
e
n
er
g
y
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
a
n
d
q
u
ite
lo
w
lea
k
ag
e
cu
r
r
en
t
le
v
el.
R
e
g
u
lar
l
y
,
th
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
T
I
,
b
ein
g
co
n
s
tit
u
te
d
o
f
t
w
o
b
r
an
ch
e
s
o
f
tr
an
s
is
t
o
r
s
,
is
d
ep
lo
y
ed
in
v
ar
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
d
r
iv
es
f
o
r
UP
S
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
lies
a
n
d
A
C
m
o
to
r
s
as
w
ell.
T
h
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
P
W
M
co
u
ld
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
[
18
]
w
it
h
r
eg
ar
d
to
it
s
s
tr
ateg
ies
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
h
as
s
h
o
wn
lar
g
e
f
l
u
ctu
a
tio
n
s
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
a
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
lea
k
a
g
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
p
ar
asi
tic
ca
p
ac
it
a
n
ce
s
,
w
h
ic
h
co
u
ld
tak
e
p
lace
if
a
p
ath
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
ea
r
th
a
n
d
th
e
P
V
m
o
d
u
le
ex
is
t
s
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
less
en
th
is
leak
ag
e
c
u
r
r
en
t,
a
n
L
C
L
f
ilter
,
is
i
n
g
en
er
al
i
n
s
er
t
ed
.
Su
n
w
a
y
s
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
T
h
e
HE
R
I
C
T
I
th
at
b
len
d
s
t
h
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
s
o
f
b
o
th
th
e
u
n
ip
o
lar
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
h
av
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
l
y
e
f
f
icie
n
t)
an
d
th
e
b
ip
o
lar
o
n
e
(
h
av
i
n
g
lo
w
leak
ag
e
c
u
r
r
en
t)
[
19
]
.
T
h
is
i
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
i
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
f
u
l
l
-
b
r
id
g
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
w
it
h
an
ex
t
r
a
A
C
-
b
y
p
as
s
b
r
an
ch
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
s
o
f
f
r
ee
w
h
ee
l
in
g
,
a
n
e
x
tr
a
t
wo
-
tr
an
s
is
to
r
b
r
an
c
h
i
s
d
ep
lo
y
ed
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
t
w
o
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
is
s
w
i
tch
ed
ON;
m
ea
n
w
h
i
le,
th
e
f
o
u
r
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
ar
e
s
w
itc
h
ed
OFF
d
u
r
in
g
ev
er
y
h
al
f
c
y
cle
i
n
s
u
ch
a
w
a
y
t
h
e
g
r
id
g
ets
co
m
p
letel
y
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
P
V
s
o
u
r
ce
a
n
d
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
r
e
m
a
in
s
at
t
h
e
lo
ad
s
id
e.
Un
ti
l
d
ate,
t
h
e
HE
R
I
C
to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
b
est
in
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
en
er
g
etic
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
.
I
n
[
20
]
,
C
alais
et
al.
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
to
p
o
lo
g
y
al
s
o
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
f
u
ll
b
r
id
g
e
with
a
f
i
f
t
h
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
at
th
e
DC
s
id
e
to
co
m
p
lete
l
y
d
is
co
n
n
ec
t
t
h
e
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
is
th
e
s
o
-
ca
lled
H5
T
I
.
Su
ch
to
p
o
lo
g
y
e
x
h
ib
it
s
a
q
u
ite
h
i
g
h
en
er
g
etic
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
b
u
t i
t is p
e
n
alize
d
b
y
a
r
elati
v
el
y
h
ig
h
lea
k
ag
e
c
u
r
r
en
t le
v
el.
An
o
th
er
w
ell
k
n
o
w
n
to
p
o
lo
g
y
ca
lled
th
e
n
e
u
tr
al
p
o
in
t
cla
m
p
ed
(
NP
C
)
T
I
h
as
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
R
ah
m
a
n
a
n
d
Z
a
h
o
n
g
s
u
g
g
e
s
te
d
in
[
21
]
.
I
n
s
u
c
h
to
p
o
lo
g
y
,
t
h
e
t
w
o
o
u
tp
u
t
ter
m
i
n
als
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
ter
ar
e
b
ei
n
g
cla
m
p
ed
to
m
id
d
le
o
f
t
h
e
D
C
b
u
s
.
S
u
ch
to
p
o
lo
g
y
i
s
ac
k
n
o
w
led
g
ed
to
h
av
e
less
e
n
ed
r
ip
p
le
cu
r
r
en
t,
lo
w
s
w
itc
h
in
g
lo
s
s
es,
a
n
d
th
r
ee
le
v
el
v
o
lta
g
e
s
.
T
h
e
latter
r
ed
u
ce
s
in
r
et
u
r
n
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
ilter
s
ize.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
in
v
er
ter
is
c
h
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
a
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
clo
s
e
to
th
e
u
n
it
y
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
NP
C
in
v
er
ter
r
eq
u
ir
es
h
ig
h
DC
v
o
ltag
e
at
it
s
i
n
p
u
t
ter
m
in
a
ls
,
a
v
o
ltag
e.
Sel
m
i
et
al.
p
r
o
p
o
u
n
d
ed
in
[
22
]
an
i
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
w
it
h
n
o
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
f
o
r
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
to
p
o
lo
g
y
d
is
p
la
y
s
lo
w
lea
k
a
g
e
cu
r
r
en
t,
h
ig
h
er
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
o
f
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
a
n
d
a
n
ea
r
l
y
n
u
ll
ze
r
o
-
cr
o
s
s
in
g
d
is
to
r
tio
n
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
f
u
ll
-
b
r
id
g
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
,
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
h
as
t
w
o
ex
tr
a
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
in
s
er
ted
at
t
h
e
A
C
s
id
e
t
o
d
is
co
n
n
ec
t
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
r
id
w
h
e
n
th
e
ze
r
o
-
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
i
s
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
f
o
u
r
m
a
in
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
o
f
t
h
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
o
f
s
u
c
h
to
p
o
lo
g
y
h
a
s
b
ee
n
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
a
lo
w
co
s
t
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
lle
r
,
w
h
ic
h
m
in
i
m
izes
th
e
co
s
t o
f
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
.
I
n
lig
h
t
o
f
th
e
ab
o
v
e,
th
i
s
p
ap
er
an
aly
s
es
t
h
e
o
r
ig
in
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
m
o
n
-
m
o
d
e
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
leak
ag
e
cu
r
r
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
tar
y
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
s
.
T
h
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
w
a
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
f
u
ll
-
b
r
id
g
e
i
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
f
r
o
m
w
h
ic
h
all
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
li
s
ted
n
e
x
t
ar
e
d
er
iv
ed
.
I
n
an
atte
m
p
t
to
s
o
l
v
e
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
s
h
o
r
tco
m
i
n
g
s
,
th
i
s
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
t
s
a
n
o
v
el
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
l
ess
in
t
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
h
i
g
h
t
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
a
n
u
ll
lea
k
ag
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
le
v
el
an
d
a
p
u
r
e
s
in
e
w
a
v
e
h
a
v
i
n
g
n
o
ze
r
o
-
cr
o
s
s
i
n
g
d
is
to
r
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
h
as
b
ee
n
c
o
m
p
ar
ated
to
m
o
s
t
f
a
m
o
u
s
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
les
s
to
p
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
a
s
lig
h
t
s
u
p
er
io
r
it
y
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
leak
a
g
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
le
v
el
an
d
ze
r
o
-
cr
o
s
s
i
n
g
d
i
s
to
r
tio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
o
b
tain
ed
.
T
o
co
n
f
ir
m
its
s
u
p
er
io
r
it
y
o
v
er
ex
is
t
in
g
T
I
s
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
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I
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t J
P
o
w
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&
Dr
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I
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ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
el
ec
tr
ic
cir
cu
it
t
h
eo
r
e
m
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
s
u
p
er
p
o
s
itio
n
th
eo
r
e
m
,
T
h
év
en
i
n
’
s
t
h
eo
r
e
m
an
d
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
d
iv
id
er
r
u
le
b
et
w
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n
th
e
t
w
o
p
o
in
ts
K
an
d
M
co
u
ld
ea
s
il
y
lead
to
th
e
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
cir
cu
it
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
A
v
er
y
s
i
m
p
le
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
le
s
s
b
ased
f
u
ll
-
b
r
id
g
e
in
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
I
n
li
g
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
,
it
tu
r
n
s
o
u
t
th
a
t
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
in
v
esti
g
a
te
t
h
e
lea
k
a
g
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
p
ar
asit
ic
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
,
o
n
e
ca
n
s
i
m
p
l
y
s
t
u
d
y
t
h
e
cir
cu
it
o
f
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
g
i
v
en
ab
o
v
e.
I
n
s
u
c
h
f
i
g
u
r
e,
r
ec
eiv
e
s
t
w
o
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
lta
g
e
s
;
th
o
s
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
ar
e
V
CM
a
n
d
V
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
I
f
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
t
w
o
ter
m
i
n
al
s
o
f
C
p
v
i
s
co
n
s
ta
n
t,
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
it
i
s
e
v
id
en
tl
y
n
u
ll
[
2
7
]
.
T
o
ad
d
to
th
at,
o
n
e
ca
n
co
n
cl
u
d
e
th
at
d
i
v
id
in
g
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
L
i
n
to
t
w
o
i
n
d
u
cto
r
s
L
1
an
d
L
2
eq
u
ate
s
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
V
e
to
ze
r
o
.
Fin
all
y
,
it
tu
r
n
s
o
u
t
th
at
t
h
e
leak
a
g
e
cu
r
r
en
t is
f
u
n
ct
io
n
o
n
t
h
e
co
m
m
o
n
-
m
o
d
e
v
o
ltag
e,
V
CM
,
o
n
l
y
.
3.
DE
V
E
L
O
P
E
D
T
I
T
O
P
O
L
O
G
Y
As
in
v
es
tig
a
ted
w
i
th
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
ec
tio
n
s
,
m
o
s
t
T
I
to
p
o
lo
g
ies,
s
u
c
h
as
t
h
e
H5
,
th
e
H
E
R
I
C
,
th
e
NP
C
,
etc,
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
f
u
l
l
-
b
r
id
g
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
w
it
h
s
o
m
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
an
d
ad
o
p
tin
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
.
Mo
s
t
p
r
o
b
a
b
ly
,
an
ex
tr
a
b
r
an
c
h
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
at
least
o
n
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
(
H5
to
p
o
lo
g
y
)
is
to
b
e
ad
d
ed
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
ad
d
in
g
e
x
tr
a
s
w
itc
h
es
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
s
th
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
v
er
ter
d
u
e
to
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
a
n
d
s
w
itc
h
in
g
lo
s
s
e
s
.
T
o
ad
d
to
th
at,
ea
ch
ex
tr
a
b
r
an
ch
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
w
h
ich
is
i
n
g
en
er
al
co
m
p
licate
d
en
o
u
g
h
.
W
h
at
w
o
u
ld
b
e
s
tr
ess
ed
h
er
e
is
th
e
m
aj
o
r
r
atio
n
ale
f
o
r
in
s
er
t
in
g
a
b
y
p
a
s
s
b
r
an
c
h
.
I
t
is
ac
t
u
all
y
ai
m
ed
at
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
th
e
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
h
en
e
v
er
th
e
ze
r
o
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
is
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
s
ti
ll
t
h
e
A
C
o
u
tp
u
t
s
i
g
n
al
is
d
is
to
r
t
ed
w
h
e
n
cr
o
s
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
ti
m
es
a
x
is
e
v
en
t
h
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
is
co
n
n
ec
t
io
n
is
q
u
ite
s
h
o
r
t.
Giv
e
n
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
it
i
m
p
ac
t
s
th
e
p
o
w
er
q
u
ali
t
y
,
T
I
d
esig
n
er
s
h
av
e
g
e
n
er
all
y
er
ad
icate
d
th
is
d
ef
ec
t.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
to
p
o
lo
g
y
co
m
p
e
n
s
ate
s
f
o
r
s
u
c
h
s
h
o
r
tco
m
i
n
g
w
h
ic
h
also
in
cl
u
d
es
th
e
er
ad
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t le
a
k
ag
e.
3
.
1
.
T
he
P
ro
po
s
ed
T
o
po
lo
g
y
:
Ana
ly
s
is
a
nd
inv
estig
a
t
io
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
is
an
ill
u
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
:
N
L
1
/
L
2
C
P
V
-
t
V
c
m
L
c
m
Z
C
t
-
R
t
C
c
m
V
e
=
V
d
m
(
L
2
-
L
1
)
/
2
(
L
2
+
L
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1733
–
1
7
4
4
1738
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
less
in
v
er
ter
(
T
I
)
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
R
ef
er
r
i
n
g
to
th
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
,
it
is
w
o
r
th
m
en
t
io
n
i
n
g
t
h
at
th
e
leak
ag
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
cc
u
r
s
n
o
t
u
n
les
s
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
m
o
d
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
is
i
n
co
n
s
ta
n
t.
T
h
e
co
m
m
o
n
-
m
o
d
e
v
o
lta
g
e
is
b
ein
g
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
ter
m
i
n
al
o
f
t
h
e
D
C
b
u
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
m
id
p
o
in
t
o
f
t
h
e
lo
ad
.
I
t
tu
r
n
s
to
b
e
al
m
o
s
t c
o
n
s
ta
n
t le
ad
in
g
to
a
n
u
ll lea
k
ag
e
c
u
r
r
en
t.
Hav
i
n
g
s
aid
t
h
at,
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
p
a
ir
S
1
-
S
4
s
w
i
tch
e
s
at
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
t
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
f
in
d
s
its
p
a
th
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
D
1
,
S
1
,
S
4
an
d
t
h
e
f
ilter
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
f
r
ee
w
h
e
elin
g
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
i
s
ac
h
iev
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
S
1
an
d
S
2
.
As
ill
u
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
i
n
d
s
it
s
w
a
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
f
ilter
i
n
g
cir
c
u
it
r
y
,
d
io
d
es
o
f
S
2
a
n
d
D
4
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
As
s
u
c
h
,
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
ta
y
s
at
t
h
e
A
C
s
id
e
an
d
,
in
r
etu
r
n
,
n
o
ticea
b
l
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
’
s
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
b
ein
g
m
atch
ed
to
t
h
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
f
u
l
l
-
b
r
id
g
e
i
n
v
er
ter
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
P
ath
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t (
So
lid
)
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
h
al
f
-
c
y
cl
e
S
2
S
1
D
2
D
3
D
4
S
3
S
4
L
/
2
L
/
2
C
R
1
R
2
P
V
D
1
S
2
S
1
D
2
D
3
D
4
S
3
S
4
L
/
2
L
/
2
C
R
1
R
2
P
V
D
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
A
N
o
ve
l D
C
-
A
C
I
n
ve
r
ter To
p
o
lo
g
y
to
E
limin
a
te
Lea
ka
g
e
C
u
r
r
en
t (
Ta
r
ek
S
elmi)
1739
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
P
ath
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
f
r
ee
w
h
ee
li
n
g
p
er
io
d
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
n
e
g
ati
v
e
h
al
f
-
c
y
cle
o
f
th
e
lo
ad
p
er
io
d
,
p
air
S
1
-
S
4
is
tu
r
n
ed
OFF.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
S
2
an
d
S
3
ar
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
at
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
.
As
ill
u
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
D
C
s
o
u
r
ce
to
th
e
g
r
id
f
lo
w
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
f
ilter
,
S
3
, S
2
an
d
th
e
d
io
d
e
D
2
.
Nex
t,
m
o
s
t
f
a
m
o
u
s
T
I
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
i
m
u
lated
a
n
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lati
o
n
r
es
u
lt
s
o
b
tain
ed
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
T
I
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
is
is
ai
m
ed
at
h
ig
h
lig
h
ti
n
g
t
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
ities
o
f
th
e
later
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
P
ath
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
n
e
g
ati
v
e
h
al
f
-
c
y
c
le
S
2
S
1
D
2
D
3
D
4
S
3
S
4
L
/
2
L
/
2
C
R
1
R
2
P
V
D
1
S
2
S
1
D
2
D
3
D
4
S
3
S
4
L
/
2
L
/
2
C
R
1
R
2
P
V
D
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1733
–
1
7
4
4
1740
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
H5
,
th
e
f
u
ll
-
b
r
id
g
e,
th
e
H
E
R
I
C
an
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
i
m
u
lated
a
n
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e,
t
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