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[
1
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h
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as
t
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[
1
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-
[
3
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.
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n
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x
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h
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d
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4
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.
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[
4
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[
1
2
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an
d
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m
o
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n
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L
MC)
[
1
3
]
-
[
1
6
]
.
T
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b
s
ec
to
r
s
.
Du
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
,
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
th
at
i
s
ap
p
lied
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
f
l
u
x
w
il
l
b
e
ac
tiv
ated
at
th
e
f
o
r
m
e
r
o
f
s
u
b
s
ec
to
r
s
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
th
a
t
i
s
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
f
l
u
x
w
i
ll b
e
ap
p
lied
at
th
e
latter
o
f
s
u
b
s
ec
to
r
s
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
m
o
d
if
icat
io
n
o
f
v
o
l
tag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
in
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
b
u
t
th
er
e
is
s
till
n
o
s
u
itab
le
m
et
h
o
d
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
f
as
t
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
DT
C
d
r
iv
e
d
u
r
in
g
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
.
I
n
ope
n
-
en
d
i
n
d
u
ct
io
n
m
ac
h
in
e,
t
w
o
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
co
n
n
ec
t
to
ea
ch
s
id
e
o
f
p
h
as
e
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
1
2
ac
tiv
e
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
s
a
n
d
t
w
o
ze
r
o
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
s
[
2
1
]
.
B
u
t
in
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
,
th
e
1
2
ac
ti
v
e
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
w
it
h
o
u
t
ad
d
in
g
ad
d
itio
n
al
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
i
s
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
ad
d
in
g
t
w
o
ad
j
ac
en
t
co
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
al
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
s
.
D
u
r
i
n
g
t
r
an
s
ie
n
t
s
tate,
a
to
tal
o
f
1
2
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
in
s
tead
o
f
s
ix
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
in
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
DT
C
.
I
n
th
e
m
o
d
i
f
ied
DT
C
,
th
e
f
l
u
x
s
ec
to
r
is
d
i
v
id
e
d
in
to
1
2
s
ec
to
r
s
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
t
o
r
q
u
e
is
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
ar
e
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
ev
en
s
ec
to
r
(
o
r
o
d
d
s
ec
to
r
)
w
h
e
n
th
e
f
lu
x
i
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
(
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
e)
.
A
s
p
r
o
v
en
i
n
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
,
t
h
e
m
o
d
if
ied
lo
o
k
-
u
p
tab
le
o
f
DT
C
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
en
h
a
n
ce
s
t
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
d
u
r
i
n
g
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
2.
CO
NVEN
T
I
O
NA
L
DI
RE
C
T
T
O
R
Q
U
E
CO
NT
RO
L
T
h
e
s
i
m
p
le
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
DT
C
is
i
llu
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
v
o
lt
ag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
(
VSI
)
,
h
y
s
ter
esi
s
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
s
,
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
a
n
d
to
r
q
u
e
e
s
ti
m
ato
r
s
,
as
w
ell
a
s
lo
o
k
-
u
p
tab
le.
Si
n
ce
th
e
s
tat
o
r
f
lu
x
a
n
d
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
ar
e
d
ec
o
u
p
led
,
th
e
y
ca
n
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tl
y
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
w
o
-
le
v
el
an
d
th
r
ee
-
lev
e
l
h
y
s
ter
es
i
s
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
s
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
o
s
atis
f
y
it
s
f
l
u
x
an
d
to
r
q
u
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t,
a
n
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
is
s
elec
t
ed
b
ased
o
n
lo
o
k
-
u
p
tab
le,
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
en
,
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
ac
h
in
e
i
s
o
p
er
ated
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
s
tate
o
f
s
elec
ted
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Si
m
p
le
C
o
n
tr
o
l Str
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
DT
C
T
ab
le
1
C
o
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
L
o
o
k
-
Up
T
ab
le
F
l
u
x
Er
r
o
r
T
o
r
q
u
e
Er
r
o
r
S
e
c
t
o
r
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
1
V
2
V
3
V
4
V
5
V
6
V
1
0
V
0
V
7
V
0
V
7
V
0
V
7
-
1
V
6
V
1
V
2
V
3
V
4
V
5
0
1
V
3
V
4
V
5
V
6
V
1
V
2
0
V
7
V
0
V
7
V
0
V
7
V
0
-
1
V
5
V
6
V
1
V
2
V
3
V
4
As ill
u
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
(
a)
,
t
h
e
cir
cu
lar
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
is
d
i
v
id
e
d
eq
u
all
y
in
to
s
i
x
s
ec
to
r
s
,
w
it
h
6
0
° ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
ad
j
ac
en
t
s
ec
to
r
s
.
A
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
v
er
ter
(
VSI
)
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
c
o
n
v
er
t
th
e
D
C
-
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
to
t
h
e
d
esir
ed
A
C
v
o
lt
ag
e.
I
n
ea
ch
in
v
er
ter
leg
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
p
o
w
er
s
w
i
tch
e
s
t
h
at
a
r
e
co
m
p
le
m
en
tar
y
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
T
h
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
s
tate
o
f
a
n
i
n
v
er
ter
leg
is
1
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
s
w
itc
h
is
ON
a
n
d
th
e
lo
w
er
s
w
itc
h
is
OFF,
a
n
d
v
ice
-
v
er
s
a.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
VSI
ca
n
b
e
s
i
m
p
lifie
d
i
n
to
t
h
r
ee
t
w
o
-
p
o
s
itio
n
s
w
i
tch
e
s
a
n
d
th
e
s
w
i
tch
in
g
s
tates
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
s
q
u
ar
e
b
r
ac
k
ets
[
S
a
S
b
S
c
]
.
T
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
o
f
t
h
e
co
r
r
es
p
o
n
d
in
g
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
s
tates
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
ta
tes
ca
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
t
w
o
ze
r
o
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
a
n
d
s
ix
n
o
n
-
ze
r
o
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
.
F
l
u
x
a
n
d
T
o
r
q
u
e
Es
t
i
m
a
t
o
r
s
(
i
.
e
.
o
n
l
y
u
si
n
g
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
mo
d
e
l
)
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
T
a
b
l
e
V
S
I
S
e
c
t
o
r
T
e
T
e
,
r
e
f
IM
S
a
,
S
b
,
S
c
Ψ
s
,
r
e
f
Ψ
s
i
a
,
i
b
,
i
c
v
a
,
v
b
,
v
c
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
7
:
5
2
2
–
5
3
3
524
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
(
a)
C
ir
cu
lar
Stato
r
Flu
x
,
a
n
d
(
b
)
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
Vo
lt
ag
e
Vec
to
r
s
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
I
n
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
a
l
m
et
h
o
d
,
th
e
s
i
x
n
o
n
-
ze
r
o
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
s
h
as
li
m
i
ted
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
s
a
tis
f
y
in
g
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
f
lu
x
er
r
o
r
.
T
h
u
s
,
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
o
f
3
0
°
ad
j
ac
en
t
to
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
v
o
ltag
e
v
e
cto
r
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
s
.
I
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
(
a)
,
ad
d
in
g
V
3
to
V
4
w
ill
o
b
tain
V
3
-
4
,
an
d
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
in
(
1
)
.
T
h
e
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
s
tate
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
’
s
m
et
h
o
d
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
(
2
)
.
B
ased
o
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
,
th
e
b
lack
lin
e
il
lu
s
tr
ate
s
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
a
n
d
b
lu
e
lin
e
i
n
d
icate
s
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
v
o
lt
ag
e
v
ec
to
r
th
at
i
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
r
ed
li
n
e
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
.
Sin
ce
th
e
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
is
u
n
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
in
D
T
C
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
a
f
l
u
x
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
tiatio
n
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
to
tal
p
er
io
d
o
f
s
ig
n
a
l.
T
h
e
f
lu
x
d
if
f
er
e
n
tiatio
n
is
ac
h
iev
ed
w
h
e
n
th
e
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
i
s
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
o
p
ti
m
a
l to
r
ated
f
lu
x
.
[
(
)
(
)
]
w
h
er
e
D
is
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle,
T
is
th
e
ac
tiv
a
tio
n
ti
m
e
o
f
ea
c
h
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
an
d
P
is
th
e
to
tal
p
er
io
d
o
f
a
s
ig
n
al.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
(
a)
Vec
to
r
’
s
P
ar
allel
o
g
r
a
m
L
a
w
,
an
d
(
b
)
Du
t
y
C
y
c
le’
s
Me
t
h
o
d
As
s
tated
in
[
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I
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A
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th
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n
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s
w
it
ch
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g
o
f
v
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v
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to
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d
th
u
s
,
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
r
ip
p
l
e
.
T
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
is
m
o
r
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
w
h
e
n
it
i
s
at
t
h
e
b
e
g
in
n
in
g
o
f
a
s
ec
to
r
[
22
]
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
v
o
l
tag
e
v
ec
to
r
is
ac
ti
v
ated
f
o
r
a
lo
n
g
er
p
er
io
d
.
Hen
c
e,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
a
t
in
T
ab
le
2
,
th
e
s
a
m
e
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
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is
ac
tiv
ated
ev
e
n
t
h
e
f
lu
x
g
o
es
i
n
to
th
e
n
e
x
t
s
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to
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.
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n
co
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v
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m
eth
o
d
,
th
e
to
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q
u
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r
esp
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ated
,
esp
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v
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h
e
to
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e
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ac
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f
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to
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4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
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o
f
DT
C
d
r
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s
y
s
te
m
h
as
b
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n
co
n
s
tr
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u
s
in
g
M
A
T
L
A
B
’
s
S
I
MU
L
I
NK
b
lo
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s
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
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Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
a
n
d
p
ar
a
m
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s
o
f
i
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d
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n
m
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e
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
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ar
e
g
i
v
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n
in
T
ab
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3
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
if
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lo
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k
-
u
p
tab
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h
as
b
ee
n
attac
h
ed
in
p
ar
allel
to
th
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co
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v
en
t
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a
l
lo
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n
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d
u
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n
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tr
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s
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n
t sta
te.
Me
an
w
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t
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co
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p
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H
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w
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i
s
o
f
t
h
e
f
l
u
x
d
i
f
f
er
en
tia
tio
n
at
th
e
b
eg
in
n
i
n
g
,
m
id
d
le
an
d
en
d
o
f
a
s
ec
to
r
in
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
h
as
b
ee
n
s
i
m
u
lated
to
o
b
tain
th
e
b
est
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
A
s
ill
u
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
,
t
h
e
s
ec
to
r
2
an
d
t
h
e
f
l
u
x
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
tiatio
n
w
i
th
s
lo
p
e
o
f
1
0
to
1
0
0
h
as
b
ee
n
ex
a
m
in
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a)
,
6
(
c)
an
d
6
(
e)
s
h
o
w
ed
th
e
f
lu
x
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
tiatio
n
w
it
h
s
lo
p
e
o
f
1
0
to
1
0
0
an
d
th
e
b
est
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
f
lu
x
d
i
f
f
er
en
tiatio
n
f
o
r
d
y
n
a
m
ic
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
i
s
d
ep
icted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
,
6
(
d
)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
f
)
.
A
t
t
h
e
b
eg
in
n
i
n
g
o
f
s
ec
to
r
2
(
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a)
an
d
6
(
b
)
)
,
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
is
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
th
e
s
lo
p
e
o
f
f
l
u
x
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
tiatio
n
.
At
th
e
m
id
d
le
o
f
s
ec
to
r
2
(
F
ig
u
r
e
6
(
c)
an
d
6
(
d
)
)
,
th
e
f
lu
x
d
if
f
er
e
n
tiatio
n
w
it
h
s
lo
p
e
o
f
1
0
an
d
3
0
h
as
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
w
h
er
ea
s
th
e
f
l
u
x
d
if
f
er
en
tia
tio
n
with
s
lo
p
e
o
f
4
0
h
as
d
eter
io
r
ated
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
Me
an
w
h
i
le,
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
s
ec
to
r
2
(
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
e)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
f
)
)
,
th
e
f
l
u
x
d
if
f
er
e
n
tiatio
n
w
it
h
s
lo
p
e
o
f
3
0
to
7
0
h
as
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
w
h
ile
t
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
is
d
eg
r
ad
ed
w
it
h
th
e
f
l
u
x
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
tiatio
n
o
f
s
lo
p
e
o
f
1
0
0
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
t
h
e
f
lu
x
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
ia
tio
n
w
it
h
s
lo
p
e
3
0
is
b
ein
g
ap
p
lied
in
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
d
u
e
to
it
s
b
est
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
s
p
ite
o
f
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
f
l
u
x
s
ec
to
r
.
T
h
e
ti
m
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
o
p
ti
m
a
l f
l
u
x
to
r
ated
f
lu
x
is
1
.
6
m
s
,
as e
s
ti
m
at
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
l
u
x
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
tiatio
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
Mo
d
ified
Lo
o
k
-
Up
Ta
b
le
f
o
r
E
n
h
a
n
ce
men
t
o
f To
r
q
u
e
R
esp
o
n
s
e
in
Dir
ec
t To
r
q
u
e…
(
N
ik
R
u
mzi
N
ik
I
d
r
i
s
)
527
(a
)
(b
)
(c
)
(d
)
(e
)
(f
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Flu
x
d
if
f
er
en
tia
tio
n
at
th
e
(
a)
-
(
b
)
B
eg
in
n
i
n
g
,
(
c)
-
(
d
)
Mid
d
le,
an
d
(
e)
-
(
f
)
E
n
d
,
o
f
a
s
ec
to
r
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
7
:
5
2
2
–
5
3
3
528
B
esid
es
th
e
ac
ti
v
atio
n
ti
m
e
o
f
m
o
d
if
ied
lo
o
k
-
u
p
tab
le,
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
r
atio
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
v
o
lt
ag
e
v
ec
to
r
ha
s
b
ee
n
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
also
to
s
tu
d
y
its
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
Dif
f
er
en
t
ac
ti
v
at
io
n
ti
m
e
o
f
ea
c
h
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
ce
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
Sin
ce
t
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
is
m
o
s
t
d
eg
r
ad
ed
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
a
s
ec
to
r
in
co
n
v
en
ti
o
n
al
DT
C
,
th
e
d
u
t
y
r
atio
h
as
b
ee
n
a
n
al
y
s
ed
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
s
ec
to
r
2
,
as
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
at
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
d
u
t
y
r
atio
o
f
1
0
%
to
9
0
%
h
as
b
ee
n
s
i
m
u
la
ted
an
d
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
a)
w
h
er
ea
s
a
f
e
w
d
u
t
y
r
atio
s
ar
e
s
elec
ted
at
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
(
b
)
f
o
r
a
clea
r
er
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
.
T
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
r
e
p
o
n
s
e
is
m
o
s
t
d
eter
io
r
ated
f
o
r
d
u
t
y
r
atio
o
f
9
0
%
as
it
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
2
.
8
m
s
to
r
ea
ch
its
r
ated
to
r
q
u
e.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
th
e
t
o
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
is
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
wh
en
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
r
atio
o
f
5
0
% is
a
p
p
lied
an
d
it n
ee
d
ed
2
m
s
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
it
s
r
ate
d
to
r
q
u
e.
B
y
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
d
u
t
y
r
atio
o
f
1
0
%,
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
a
s
it
r
eq
u
ir
ed
1
.
1
m
s
to
r
ea
ch
its
r
ated
to
r
q
u
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
d
u
t
y
r
atio
o
f
1
0
%
is
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
D
T
C
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
in
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
V
3
-
4
,
th
e
V
3
is
ac
tiv
ated
f
o
r
d
u
t
y
r
atio
o
f
1
0
%
an
d
V
4
is
tr
ig
g
er
ed
f
o
r
9
0
% o
f
d
u
t
y
r
ati
o
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
A
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
d
u
t
y
r
atio
W
ith
th
e
ac
tiv
a
tio
n
ti
m
e
o
f
m
o
d
if
ied
lo
o
k
-
u
p
tab
le
f
o
r
1
.
6
m
s
an
d
d
u
t
y
r
atio
o
f
1
0
%,
a
s
te
p
s
p
ee
d
o
f
8
0
r
ad
/s
to
1
0
0
r
ad
/s
an
d
a
s
te
p
f
lu
x
o
f
0
.
3
W
b
to
0
.
3
4
9
2
W
b
h
as
b
ee
n
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
to
t
h
e
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
te
m
at
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
f
l
u
x
s
ec
t
o
r
.
A
t
t=0
.
9
9
5
s
,
a
s
tep
s
p
ee
d
an
d
f
l
u
x
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ap
p
lied
in
w
h
ic
h
it
i
s
at
th
e
b
eg
in
n
i
n
g
o
f
s
ec
to
r
2
in
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
DT
C
an
d
s
ec
to
r
3
in
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
D
T
C
,
as ill
u
s
tr
a
ted
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
No
te
t
h
at
th
e
f
l
u
x
s
ec
to
r
is
d
ef
in
ed
d
if
f
er
en
tl
y
in
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
D
T
C
.
I
n
b
o
th
o
f
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
D
T
C
,
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
1
.
1
m
s
to
r
ea
ch
it
s
r
ated
to
r
q
u
e.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
V
3
[
1
1
0
]
w
h
ic
h
is
tan
g
e
n
tia
l
to
t
h
e
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
is
ac
tiv
ated
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
a
n
d
f
lu
x
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
f
lu
x
a
n
d
to
r
q
u
e
in
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
DT
C
is
s
i
m
i
lar
to
th
o
s
e
in
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DT
C
.
T
h
en
,
a
s
tep
s
p
ee
d
an
d
f
lu
x
is
ap
p
lied
at
t=
0
.
9
9
7
s
,
at
th
e
m
id
d
le
o
f
s
ec
to
r
2
in
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
DT
C
b
u
t
in
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
D
T
C
,
it
is
at
t
h
e
en
d
o
f
s
ec
to
r
3
an
d
b
eg
in
n
i
n
g
o
f
s
ec
to
r
4
,
as
d
ep
ict
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
I
n
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
DT
C
,
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
n
ee
d
ed
2
.
7
m
s
to
r
ea
c
h
it
s
r
ated
to
r
q
u
e.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
e
V
3
[
1
1
0
]
is
ac
tiv
ated
lo
n
g
er
th
a
n
V
4
[
0
1
0
]
.
No
te
th
at
th
e
t
o
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
is
d
y
n
a
m
ic
at
t
h
e
b
eg
in
n
i
n
g
o
f
ac
tiv
at
io
n
o
f
V
3
b
u
t
it
is
d
eg
r
ad
ed
af
ter
s
o
m
e
t
i
m
e.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
t
h
e
V
4
s
h
o
wed
a
m
o
r
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
V
3
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
i
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DT
C
,
th
e
V
3
is
ac
ti
v
ated
i
n
s
e
c
to
r
3
an
d
w
h
en
th
e
f
l
u
x
i
s
i
n
s
ec
to
r
4
,
th
e
V
3
-
4
i
s
ac
tiv
ated
.
E
v
e
n
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
V
3
is
ac
ti
v
ated
f
o
r
a
v
er
y
s
h
o
r
t
p
er
io
d
in
s
ec
to
r
4
,
it
d
o
es
g
iv
e
a
b
ig
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
I
n
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