Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
4
,
Decem
be
r
2020
, p
p.
1686
~
1692
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v
1
1
.i
4
.
pp
1686
-
169
2
1686
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Exergy a
na
l
ysis of d
ay light
using
fuzzy l
ogic cont
rollers of
Jordani
an comm
erci
al buil
dings
Ali M B
an
iy
ounes
1
, Y
azeed
Ya
sin
Gh
ad
i
2
,
Mazen
Aln
abul
si
3
1
,3
Depa
rtment
of
Archi
t
ec
tu
re an
d
Elec
tr
ical Engi
nee
ring
,
Appl
ie
d
Scie
n
ce Priva
t
e Universit
y
,
Jordan
2
Software
Eng
in
ee
ring
and
Com
pute
r
Sc
ie
nc
e,
A
l
Ain
Univ
ersit
y
,
Unite
d
Arab E
mi
rates
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
M
a
r
3
, 2
0
20
Re
vised
A
pr
2
6
, 2
0
20
Accepte
d
J
ul
22
, 2
0
20
Saving
en
erg
y
and
gre
enhouse
gas
e
mi
ss
ions
in
com
m
ercia
l
buil
dings
bec
om
e
a
ver
y
serious
r
eque
st
of
buil
d
ings’
d
esig
ner
s
and
e
nginee
ring
cre
w.
The
go
al
b
ehi
n
d
the
cur
ren
t
re
sea
rch
is
to
hig
h
li
ght
and
d
emons
tra
te
the
outc
om
e
of
ut
il
i
zi
ng
adva
n
ce
an
d
intell
ige
nt
bui
ldi
ng
ma
n
age
m
e
nt
sys
te
m
(
IBMS
)
base
d
in
uti
lizing
a
fu
z
zy
logic
con
trol
l
er
that
a
ll
ows
th
e
usage
and
the
control
of
na
tura
l
l
ight
(d
ay
l
ight
).
The
f
uz
zy
log
ic
con
troller
(FLC)
was
sat
to
cont
ro
l
t
he
bu
il
dings
di
mm
ing
sys
te
m
while
utilizing
nat
ura
l
li
gh
t
which
nor
ma
l
ly
al
lows
to
add
ou
tdoors
illumi
n
an
ce
int
o
th
e
insid
e
on
es.
Thi
s
cont
rol
sys
te
m
i
s
significant
mean
technique
th
a
t
ca
n
be
used
in
in
te
l
li
gen
t
buil
dings
com
m
erc
i
al
buil
d
ings,
hen
ce
en
erg
y
savings
and
co
nseque
ntl
y
,
gre
enhouse
gas
em
issions
red
uc
t
ion.
Th
e
propos
ed
cont
ro
l
sys
tem
relies
on
enum
er
at
ing
the
outdoor
and
th
e
indoor
il
lu
mi
n
an
ce
and
al
lowing
some
add
-
on
cont
rol
le
rs
in
orde
r
to
put
into
eff
ect
a
pho
to
me
tric
co
mput
e
r
tha
t
ca
p
abl
e
of
com
par
ing
an
d
ta
sking
de
ci
si
ons
to
reg
ul
at
e
r
ooms
l
ight
ing
fi
xture
s.
Th
e
art
i
cl
e
al
so
d
e
monstra
t
es
ene
r
gy
savings
usi
ng
thi
s
t
ec
hn
iq
ue
and
the
n
suggest
prope
r
ma
rke
ts
for
usin
g
thi
s
con
trol
l
in
g
sys
te
m
wheth
er
during
the
buil
dings’
d
esig
n
stage, exi
sting
com
m
erc
i
al bui
l
dings.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Day li
gh
t
Fu
zz
y
lo
gic
I
ll
um
ina
nce
In
te
ll
igent
buil
ding
Saving e
ne
rgy
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Yazeed
Y
a
sin
Gh
a
di
,
So
ft
war
e
E
ng
i
neer
i
ng and
C
omp
uter Sci
enc
e
,
Al A
i
n Un
i
versi
ty
,
Al Jimi,
Near
Al A
i
n M
un
ic
i
palit
y,
Al A
i
n
-
Al Jimi
-
Abu D
hab
i
,
U
nited
A
rab Emirat
es
.
Emai
l:
yazeed
.
gh
a
di@aa
u.
ac
.
ae
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Now
a
da
y’
s
intel
li
gen
t
c
on
t
ro
l
sy
ste
m
s
i
n
bu
il
di
ngs
a
nd
i
ntell
igent
bu
il
dings
bec
om
e
the
ce
nter
of
at
tract
ion
bet
w
een
de
velo
pe
rs
,
resea
rch
e
rs
a
nd
desi
gn
e
rs
a
s
a
resu
lt
of
it
s
capab
il
it
y
to
c
on
t
ro
l,
s
uper
vi
se
an
d
regulat
e
ene
rgy
co
nsum
ptio
n
and
it
s
conser
v
at
ion
strat
egi
es.
Als
o,
i
ntell
igent
bu
il
di
ng
s
dep
e
nd
on
util
iz
ing
un
c
onve
ntio
na
l
fu
zz
y
lo
gic
c
on
t
ro
l
sy
ste
m
t
hat
ca
pab
le
of
us
in
g
t
he
most
adv
a
nce
an
d
sta
te
-
of
-
the
-
art
c
on
t
ro
l
sy
ste
ms
i
n
se
quence
to
acc
ompli
sh
a
c
om
f
or
ta
ble
in
doors
li
vin
g
w
he
rea
s
ene
rgy
sa
vi
ngs
a
nd
co
ns
e
quently
,
minimi
zi
ng
ne
gative
impa
ct
on
t
he
en
vir
onment.
Util
iz
ing
f
uz
z
y
lo
gi
c
con
tr
oller
(
FLC)
in
intel
l
igent
bu
il
di
ngs
man
ageme
nt
s
ys
te
m
(I
B
M
S)
devel
op
s
a
nd
progresses
real
li
fe
occ
urre
nces
a
s
set
-
po
i
nt
of
con
t
rol
input.
The
set
s
of
real
-
li
fe
act
ion
s
s
uch
a
s
day
-
li
ght
use
(n
at
ural
li
ght),
ambie
nt
co
nd
it
io
ns
,
Occupanc
y
densi
ty
occ
urr
ence
pro
file
,
Natu
ral
c
oo
li
ng
a
nd
heati
ng
means
,
a
nd
he
nce,
us
i
ng
s
urrou
nd
i
ng
at
m
osphe
re
est
ablished
on i
ts ou
t
door tem
per
at
ur
e a
nd
humidit
y.
Comme
rcial
buil
dings
a
re
ra
ng
i
ng
betwee
n
hos
pital
s,
I
ns
t
it
ution
al
bu
il
di
ng
s
,
hote
ls,
governme
ntal
firms
’
offices
and
et
c.
All
of
t
ho
se
buil
dings
accl
imat
e
daily
occ
up
ants’
e
ven
ts
,
too
ls
a
nd
f
un
c
ti
on
s
.
In
co
mmer
ci
al
buil
dings,
in
door
visu
al
a
nd
the
rmal
c
omf
or
ts
a
re
si
gnific
an
tl
y
imp
or
ta
nt
to
kee
p
indo
or
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Exergy
analysi
s o
f
day li
ght u
sing f
uz
zy
lo
gic controll
ers
of
Jo
r
dani
an commerci
al
…
(
A
li
M Baniyo
un
es
)
1687
conve
nient
work
i
ng
a
nd
li
ving
place
an
d
al
s
o
to
sup
ply
a
he
al
th
-
gi
ving
in
door
at
m
os
phe
re
f
or
it
s
occ
upants
.
Accor
ding
to
[
1
]
buil
dings
’
he
at
ing
,
ve
ntil
at
ion
a
nd
ai
r
-
co
nd
it
io
ning
(HVA
C
)
s
ys
te
ms
util
iz
e
near
40%
of
bu
il
di
ngs’
vas
energ
y
-
us
a
ge.
The
sec
ond
bi
gg
e
st
co
ns
ume
r
is
li
gh
ti
ng
s
yst
ems
w
hich
a
ccounts
fo
e
20
-
30%.
Currentl
y,
i
n
Jo
r
da
n,
el
ect
rici
ty
e
xp
e
ndit
ure
w
hich
fee
ds
in
door
an
d
ou
t
door
li
ghti
ng
fixtures
is
hi
gh
l
y
increas
e
d.
T
he
refor
e
,
t
he
Jor
dan’s
natio
nal
el
ect
rici
ty
gri
d
ta
ckles
the
ris
k
of
overca
pac
it
y
an
d
ov
e
rlo
adin
g
wh
ic
h
ma
y
t
rig
ger ser
vice inte
rrup
ti
on a
nd th
us
ec
onomi
c a
nd envir
onme
nt
al
h
azar
ds
[
2
]
.
The
J
orda
nian
elec
tric
it
y
is
ge
ner
at
e
d
by
the
mean
s
of burni
ng
co
nve
ntional
fo
s
sil
f
uel
w
hich
kn
own
for
it
s
ne
gativ
e
impact
on
e
nv
i
ronme
nt
an
d
co
ns
e
quently
,
cl
imat
e
change
w
hich
c
aus
ed
by
gr
ee
nhouse
ga
s
emissi
ons
[
3
]
.
Now
a
day,
the
inter
natio
nal
effo
rts
f
oc
us
in
g
in
reducin
g
ene
r
gy
us
a
ge
in
c
ommerci
al
bu
il
di
ngs
ha
ve
directed
on
re
du
ci
ng
e
ne
rgy
us
e
d
by
H
V
A
C
sy
ste
ms
an
d
li
gh
ti
ng
fixt
ur
e
s
besides
t
he
e
ff
eci
ve
exp
l
oitat
ion
of
so
la
r
e
nerg
y.
IB
M
S
ca
n
al
te
r
and
c
on
t
ro
l
ti
me
of
us
i
ng
a
rtific
ia
l
li
gh
ti
ng
fixture
il
luminan
ce
[
4
]
.
FLC
ca
n
be
util
iz
ed
to
co
nt
ro
l
li
ghti
ng
fix
tures
a
nd
da
y
-
l
igh
t
to
gethe
r
in
ord
er
to
min
imi
ze
the
ex
pe
ns
es
of
arti
fici
al
li
gh
ts
us
e.
Ba
se
d
on
[
5
]
,
F
LCs
con
ce
r
ning
li
ghti
ngs
c
on
t
ro
l
sy
ste
ms
are
ab
le
to
reduce
li
gh
ti
ng
s’
e
nerg
y
e
xpe
nd
it
ure
by
al
m
os
t
30
-
50
%
in
current
buil
dings
a
nd
by
nea
r
ly
25
-
35
%
in
f
resh
l
y
const
ru
ct
e
d bu
i
ldings.
FLCs
th
at
are
us
e
d
in
IBMS
accuratel
y
ca
pa
ble
of
a
dju
sti
ng
a
nd
a
dd
i
ng
to
the
lu
mina
nc
e
of
nat
ur
al
li
gh
t
to
the
in
door
lumi
nan
c
e
al
ongs
ide
wi
th
lumi
nan
ce
r
esulte
d
from
a
rtific
ia
l
li
gh
ts
and
i
n
ce
rtai
n
ti
mes,
make
the
mai
n
s
ource
of
il
luminan
ce
is
the
day
li
ght
il
luminan
ce
w
hich
is
no
rmall
y
s
upporte
d
by
a
se
co
nd
a
r
y
arti
fici
al
il
luminati
on
sou
rce
e.
g.
el
ect
ric
l
igh
ti
ng
fixture
.
A
s
natu
ral
li
gh
t
de
note
s
a
dynamic
sup
plier
o
f
il
luminan
ce
,
a
rtific
ia
l
el
ect
ric
li
gh
ti
ng
fi
xtu
res
c
on
t
ro
l
s
ys
te
ms
is
nec
es
sar
y
to
c
ombine
an
d
ar
ra
ng
e
the
li
gh
ti
ng s
ys
te
m
s whil
e cha
nging i
n
li
ghti
ng c
onditi
ons.
Vast
nu
mb
e
r
if
sch
olars
an
d
de
velo
per
s
are
f
ocusi
ng
in
re
duci
ng
e
nerg
y
c
on
s
umpti
on
of
comme
rcial
bu
il
di
ngs
who
se
no
rmall
y
th
ought
-
ou
t
e
ne
r
gy
re
duct
io
n
vi
a
certai
n
c
ons
t
ru
ct
io
n
s
pecifi
cat
ion
e
.g.
fun
ct
ion
al
mana
geme
nt,
means
[
6
]
al
ongs
i
de
with
th
ermal
c
omf
or
t
m
ea
ns
e.
g.
H
VA
C
s
ys
te
m
a
nd
it
s
e
ff
ic
ie
nc
ie
s
an
d
op
e
rati
ons
[
7
-
10
]
.
E
ne
rgy
c
onser
vati
ve,
re
duci
ng
of
neg
at
ive
impact
of
gr
ee
nhouse
-
ga
s
(GH
G)
e
missi
on
on
the
en
vir
onme
nt
an
d
i
nf
lu
en
ce
on
in
door
at
mo
s
ph
e
re
ha
ve
been
anal
yz
ed
a
nd
asses
sed
by
se
ver
a
l
of
simulat
ion
an
d
e
xp
e
rime
nt
researc
h.
Re
se
arch
es
’
res
ults
ex
hib
it
ed
tha
t
the
natural
li
gh
t
a
n
d
el
ect
rical
il
luminaces
ca
n
be
i
nteg
rated
into
IB
M
S
s
yst
em
to
guara
nt
ee
li
gh
t
ade
qua
cy
sta
ys
su
it
ab
le
at
al
l
ti
mes
and
is
automatic
al
ly a
dju
ste
d
f
or
different
weathe
r
a
nd seas
on
s
[
11
]
.
A
mean
of
det
ermini
ng
the
unde
rstan
ding
of
a
domesti
c
oc
cup
a
nts
t
o
e
xt
ern
al
te
m
per
at
ur
e
an
d
th
e
act
ion
of
both
sun
set
an
d
s
un
rise
a
nd
th
en
util
iz
ing
al
locat
ed
data
to
adjust
t
he
e
xe
cution
of
occ
up
a
nts’
arr
a
ng
e
ment
a
nd
el
ect
ric
li
gh
t
te
chn
i
qu
e
whic
h
hav
e
been
est
ablished
.
Th
e
sig
nificanc
e
of
va
rio
us
ty
pe
s
f
or
that
kind of
s
yst
em
has
bee
n
evaluate
d
by
Be
ckel
et
a
l
.
[
12
]
. A
s w
el
l
as,
M
arti
ra
no
et
a
l
.
[
13]
rec
om
m
end
e
d
a
simulat
ed
stu
dy
of
a
n
intel
li
gen
t
office
-
r
oom
,
c
ombine
d
by
dy
namic
sh
el
te
rin
g,
el
e
ct
ric
-
li
gh
ti
ng
a
nd
ai
r
conditi
on
i
ng c
on
t
ro
l s
ys
te
m
.
Countl
ess
pr
es
ent
mea
ns
are
able
to
f
oresee
gu
e
ssti
mate
il
lumina
nce
-
set
i
n
dif
fer
e
nt
loca
ti
on
s
within
a
sp
a
ce
,
ta
king
i
nto
acc
ount
s
it
s
dime
ns
i
on
al
cha
racter
ist
ic
s,
it
s
glob
al
posit
ion
in
g,
the
s
olar
sta
nd
i
ng,
the
exte
rior
fe
at
ur
es
a
nd
the
cl
imat
e
sit
uatio
ns
[
14
]
.
Ne
ve
rtheless,
t
her
e
are
fe
w
resear
ches
that
sp
eci
al
iz
e
in
intel
li
gen
t co
m
me
rcial
buil
dings i
n
J
orda
n.
The
ai
m
of
t
hi
s
study
is
to
sh
ow
t
he
wa
y
of
us
in
g
F
LC
con
t
ro
ll
in
g
s
yst
em
to
guess
indoor
a
nd
ou
t
door
il
luminan
ce
c
ombi
na
ti
on
r
ule
in
order
t
o
save
e
ne
rgy.
In
t
his
study,
a
n
F
LC
model
w
hich
i
s
able
t
o
picture
the
as
s
ociat
ion
s
bet
w
een
the
syst
em
inputs
a
nd
out
pu
ts
is
desi
gn
e
d
a
nd
est
ablish
ed.
T
he
model
is
able
to
qua
ntify
the
outd
oor
a
nd
t
he
in
door
il
lu
minance
per
mi
tt
ing
a
dd
-
on
c
on
t
ro
ll
ers
to
e
xecu
te
a
photomet
ri
c
analysis
a
nd
c
omparis
on
i
n
orde
r
t
o
deci
de
t
he
dim
min
g
of
arti
fici
al
el
ect
ric
fi
xtures.
Ra
ther
m
or
e
,
t
he
arti
cl
e
evaluates
t
he
e
nerg
y
sa
vings
du
e
to
the
us
a
ge
of
nat
ur
al
li
gh
t
by
us
in
g
F
LC
sy
ste
ms
i
n
IB
M
S
a
nd
s
ugge
sts
pro
per
mar
ket
s
of
t
his
proce
ss
as
well
th
r
oughout
t
he
pro
posal
ph
ase
of
a
c
ommerci
al
-
buil
ding,
al
so
t
he
pro
po
sal
ca
n b
e carr
ie
d ou
t
lat
er th
e
buil
ding
for
mati
on.
2.
AR
TIF
ICIAL
LIGHT
I
NGS CO
NTR
OL
Ele
ct
ric
li
gh
ti
ng
fixtures
co
nt
ro
l
sy
ste
m
s,
a
nd
the
mea
ns
of
co
ntr
olli
ng
arti
fici
al
li
gh
ti
ng
fi
xtures
,
su
ppli
es
pr
op
e
r
il
lumina
nce
com
bin
at
io
n
c
on
si
der
i
ng
en
ergy
sa
vings
and
re
du
ct
io
n
of
operati
ng
costs
.
In
te
ll
igent
e
ne
rgy
mana
geme
nt
s
ys
te
m
(I
E
M
S
)
ca
rry
ou
t
the
ta
sk
of
e
ne
rgy
sa
vings
thr
oughout
il
lumi
nan
c
e
reducti
on
or
by
re
duci
ng
arti
fici
al
li
gh
ts
op
erati
on
al
ti
me.
The
m
os
t
im
porta
nt
el
ement
in
li
gh
ti
ngs
’
c
on
t
ro
l
sy
ste
m
i
s
co
ns
i
der
at
io
n
of
the
occ
up
a
nts’
ph
ys
iol
og
ic
al
as
pe
ct
s
e.g.
,
a
tw
enty
yea
rs
old
ind
ivi
du
al
re
quires
a
1/3
le
ss
li
ght
intensit
y
t
han
s
ixty
year
s
old
per
s
on
to
e
xec
ute
the
sa
me
ta
sk
[
15
]
.
T
he
majority
of
li
te
ratur
e
stud
ie
s
rec
ommen
ded that
m
aj
or
it
y of l
ig
hting co
ntr
ol s
ys
t
ems
de
pe
nd
on the
belo
w
te
c
hniq
ues:
−
Tena
ncy
de
ns
i
ty
a
nd
resi
de
nt
Co
unt
pro
per
t
y:
w
he
rever
il
lumi
natio
n
is
t
urne
d
ON
/
OF
F
ba
se
d
on
reside
nts’
cal
l.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
1686
–
1692
1688
−
Time
of
Wor
k: when l
igh
t
-
fix
tures
a
re swit
ched O
N/O
FF
e
sta
blished ac
c
ordi
ng to
ti
meta
ble.
−
Natu
ral li
gh
t
c
ollec
ti
ng
(the u
ti
li
zation
of
da
yligh
t t
o
li
ght
up the
place)
.
−
Dema
nd
react
ion
:
her
e
,
require
d
el
ect
ric
ene
rgy
fee
din
g
el
ect
ric
fixtures
is
min
imi
zed
base
d
o
n
equ
i
pm
e
nt li
mit
at
ion
as
pects
−
Ad
a
ptive
a
dv
a
ntage:
he
re
li
ght
str
en
gth
set
are
lo
we
r
dur
ing
ni
ght
-
ti
me
tha
n
it
s
stre
ngth
set
t
hro
ughout
day
-
ti
me.
In
ge
ner
al
,
nat
ur
al
li
ght
ada
pt
ive
co
ntr
ollers
consi
sts
of
t
wo
aspects
[
16
]
:
The
c
on
t
ro
l
of
day
-
li
ght
as
the
source
of
l
igh
t
of
a
sp
ace
,
an
d
the
ha
nd
is
con
side
rin
g
the
el
ect
ric
lig
htin
g
is
outp
ut.
The
first
opti
on
i
s
li
mit
ed
due
t
o
it
is
so
meti
me
s
is
no
t
able
t
o
pr
e
sent
a
de
quat
e
qu
a
ntit
y
a
nd
qu
al
it
y
of
natu
ral
li
ght
in
side
a
sp
ace;
the
oth
e
r
mea
n
is
a
ble
to
pe
rform
ene
rgy
sa
vings
w
hi
le
mainta
in
th
e
un
i
form
li
ght
wh
e
re
natur
al
li
gh
t
is
inadequate.
Global
ly,
the
main
sou
rce
of
li
gh
ti
ng
in
c
om
me
rcial
is
Fluoresce
nt
li
gh
ti
ng
fixt
ur
es
with
a
colo
r
-
te
m
per
at
ur
e
r
a
ng
e
b
et
w
een
3
-
4.5
00k
°
Kelvin
which
s
imi
la
r
to
the
col
or
of n
at
ur
al
li
gh
t
[
16
,
17
]
.
The
co
ntr
ol
of
natur
al
li
ght
(d
a
ylig
hting)
de
pends
on
on
const
ant
dim
m
ing
strat
e
gy
w
hich
al
lo
w
reside
nts
set
ti
ng
li
gh
ti
ng
il
l
um
ina
nce
le
ve
ls
an
d
s
upply
adap
ta
ble
s
ys
te
m
in
c
ompa
r
ison
to
c
onve
ntion
al
(step
-
dim
min
g)
c
ontr
ol
s
ys
te
m.
I
ntermitt
ent
di
mmin
g
trac
ks
the
day
-
li
ghti
ng
a
rr
a
nge
ment
th
oroug
hl
y,
it
is
so
meti
m
es
more
s
uitable
to
r
esi
den
t,
a
nd
c
ou
l
d
sa
ve
m
ore
energ
y,
mainly
i
n
s
po
ts
w
it
h
high
varyin
g
ov
e
r
cast
.
Con
ti
nu
ous
dimmin
g
as
well
as
co
un
te
rs
to
c
hanges
i
n
il
lumina
nce
ou
t
pu
t
as
a
rea
so
n
of
di
rt
re
duct
ion
on li
gh
t
fixt
ur
e
s,
a
nd lamp
lu
men dec
rease
d as a
re
as
on of
the lamp
a
ge
[
15
,
17
]
.
The
s
us
ta
inab
le
fini
dngs
th
rou
ghout
li
te
r
at
ur
e
the
ory
has
at
tract
ed
interest
i
n
na
tural
li
ght
(d
a
ylig
hting);
al
ongs
ide
e
nergy
re
duct
io
ns
as
da
yligh
t
deliver
gr
eat
er
sen
se
of
c
omf
or
tl
ess
.
H
oweve
r,
the
huge
at
te
nt
ion
of
li
ght
e
ng
i
neer
s
for
t
his
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
is
de
pe
nd
i
ng
on
it
s
e
nerg
y
reducti
on
pote
ntial
:
a
buil
ding
tha
t
us
e
da
ylig
ht
will
need
lo
wer
el
ect
ric
li
gh
ti
ng
fi
xtu
re
s
thr
ough
ou
t
da
y
hours,
m
ost
ly
i
n
su
nlit
places.
3.
FLC
CONTR
OLL
ING
DAY
-
LIG
HTIN
G
Day
-
li
ght
is
a
r
ic
h
sour
ce
of
il
lumina
nce
a
nd
the
dif
fer
e
nce
i
n
nat
ur
al
a
nd
da
y
li
ght
is
due
to
seaso
ns
var
ia
ti
on
w
hich
de
pends
on
sp
ace
ge
ogra
phic
al
locat
io
n
e.g
.
la
ti
tud
e,
l
ongitu
de
a
nd
al
so
s
ky
c
ondi
ti
on
s.
Seve
ral
s
ky
-
li
ght
sta
ge
s
mi
ght
be
car
ried
out
unde
r
the
sa
me
sun
-
li
gh
t
sit
ua
ti
on
s,
an
d,
sim
il
ar
thin
king
duri
ng
the
sky
co
ndit
ion
s
sta
ys
un
c
ha
ng
e
d.
Also,
the
ra
ng
e
of
s
un
il
luminati
on
po
s
sibly
will
be
maximize
d
due
to
transient
tur
bi
dity
filt
er
due
to
pa
rtic
le
s
sc
at
te
ring
over
the
s
un
rad
ia
ti
on
path.
Co
ns
e
qu
e
ntly,
a
ny
e
sti
mate
sy
ste
m
m
us
t
be
fle
xib
le
to
pe
rmit
m
ulti
var
i
at
e
va
riat
ion
w
hich
il
lustrate
the
se
quence
of
s
un
-
li
ght
a
nd
s
ky
-
li
gh
t
[
18
]
.
T
od
ay,
c
on
t
ro
l
str
at
egies
h
a
ve
be
en
ad
va
nced
rap
i
dly
a
nd
ha
ve
ha
ppene
d
t
o
be
a
very
e
f
ficei
nt
mecha
nism
within
th
e
trad
es.
Nev
e
rtheless
,
a
s
a
reas
on
of
be
foreh
a
nd
me
nt
ion
ed
points,
conve
ntion
al
c
on
t
rol
sy
ste
ms
,
that
i
s
rely
on
mat
hemati
cal
m
odel
s,
ha
ve
e
xpose
d
thei
r
c
on
s
trai
nt
in
c
o
nt
r
olli
ng
da
y
li
ghti
ng.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
a
nd
beca
us
e
of
usi
ng
un
plan
ne
d
co
ndit
ion
s
a
nd
acce
ssibil
it
y
of
nat
ur
al
li
ght
a
nd
va
gu
e
ne
ss
a
n
d
var
ia
ti
on
of
it
s
featur
e
s, FLC
hav
e
b
e
ne
fits o
ver re
gu
la
r
c
ontrol met
hods
a
nd ass
ur
e
d
t
o b
e en
han
ce
key
.
FLC
s
ys
te
ms
t
he
c
ha
r
act
eriz
ed
by
it
s
abili
ty
of
reducin
g
com
plica
ti
on
a
nd
it
is
acco
m
plishe
d
by
su
bject
ive
e
va
luati
on
of
the
existi
ng
data.
M
at
he
mati
cal
values
a
re
de
fine
d
usi
ng
f
uzzy
set
s,
a
nyplace
mathemat
ic
al
values
a
re
li
nk
ed
to
ma
nk
i
nd
thi
nk
i
ng.
The
qu
al
it
y
of
FLC
ca
n
be
dignifie
d
only
with
r
el
at
e
d
era
e.
g.
adj
us
t
ment,
c
apa
bili
ty,
e
ff
ect
i
ven
es
s
an
d
c
omfo
rt
able
du
rin
g
usa
ge.
C
ontrol
c
od
e
s
of
FLC
a
tt
est
to
su
ppl
y
well
st
r
eng
t
h
an
d
ef
fe
ct
iveness
durin
g
m
or
e
tr
ouble
d
nonli
near
a
nd
ti
me
c
hangin
g
w
orkin
g
sit
ua
ti
on
com
par
e
d
to
c
onve
ntion
al
propo
rtion
al
–
inte
gr
al
–
de
rivati
ve
con
t
ro
ll
er
P
I
D.
A
sig
nifica
nt
ad
van
ta
ge
of
t
he
FLC
pla
n
is
th
e
ke
y
el
eme
nt
that
dri
ve
strai
gh
t
us
i
ng
hum
an
-
facto
rs
a
nd
per
ce
ptive.
It
de
pends
on
a
se
mantic
sta
nd
a
rd, that
c
an be stat
es
us
i
ng a
gro
up of
I
F
-
c
om
ma
n
ds
r
ules,
IF
THE
N
co
m
man
ds.
3.1.
Fuzzy
b
as
ed
-
c
on
t
rolle
r
Fu
zz
y
ba
sed
-
c
on
t
ro
l
s
ys
te
ms
com
pr
ise
of
i
nput
data
le
ve
l,
a
handlin
g
le
vel,
an
d
al
s
o
yield
sta
ge
.
Inp
ut
sta
ge
rec
ords
reade
rs
or
ad
diti
on
al
rec
orde
d
in
puts,
e
.g
.
switc
h
-
bu
tt
on
s
an
d
dim
m
ers
to
the
a
ppr
opriat
e
membe
rs
hip
r
ol
ls
and
rig
ht
a
dju
stme
nt.
T
he
handl
in
g
le
vel
increases
li
nk
ed
instr
uctio
n
and
c
reates
out
come
for
eve
ry
sin
gle
instru
ct
io
n,
t
hen
t
he
f
ollowi
ng
of
the
mer
ging
the
ef
fect
s
of
t
his
functi
on.
The
outp
ut
le
vel
changes
the
m
erg
e
d o
utcome
to precise c
ont
ro
ll
ed
comma
nd
[
19
]
.
The b
uildin
g
i
ndoor
of
fu
zz
y base
d
-
c
on
t
ro
l s
ys
te
m i
nclu
des
the
fo
ll
owin
g 4 basi
c
un
it
s:
−
Fu
zzi
ficat
io
n u
nit:
h
ere t
he uni
t changes the
s
harp inp
ut
-
data functi
ons to
fu
zz
i
fied gr
oup
t
o be consist
ent
with the
fuzz
y
-
data co
mma
nd
s of the
pr
ogre
ssion sit
uatio
n essenti
al
to
t
he
implic
at
ion m
odule.
−
Kno
wled
ge
unit
:
it
comp
rises
of
dual
ta
s
ks
;
a
ta
sk
sta
ti
ons
wh
ic
h
il
lustrat
e
the
c
on
t
ro
l
ti
meta
ble
al
so
an
inf
or
mati
on
se
t
sta
ge
w
hich
co
ntains
the
orga
nizat
ion
of
t
he
f
uzz
i
fi
cat
ion
m
odule
s
ind
ic
at
in
g
t
he
semanti
c circ
umst
ances
util
iz
ed
in
the
opera
ti
on
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Exergy
analysi
s o
f
day li
ght u
sing f
uz
zy
lo
gic controll
ers
of
Jo
r
dani
an commerci
al
…
(
A
li
M Baniyo
un
es
)
1689
−
I
nfere
nce
modu
le
:
t
he
m
odule
pro
duces
f
uzz
i
ficat
ion
an
d
t
hu
s
operati
onal
be
hav
i
or
s
th
rou
gh
impleme
nting t
he rules i
n
th
e
inf
or
mati
on
m
odule to
the
exi
sti
ng
procedu
r
e stat
us
.
−
Defuzzi
ficat
io
n
unit
:
cha
ng
e
s
the
f
uzz
y
-
ba
sed
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
act
produce
d
by
the
i
nterf
e
re
nce
m
odule
to
a
crisp data
qu
a
nt
it
y
wh
ic
h
ca
n be
dep
le
te
d
to
run
t
he
re
gula
tors.
3.2.
Natur
al li
ght
f
uzzy
ba
s
ed
-
c
ontr
oller
s
The
nat
ur
al
li
gh
t
FLC
util
iz
e
use
s
a
s
dig
it
al
ci
rcu
it
of
li
gh
ti
ngs
’
sy
ste
m
a
dju
stme
nt
and
c
onsta
nt
el
ect
ro
nic
re
duci
ng
sta
bili
ties
ad
j
us
te
d
by
us
in
g
110
-
220
volt
s
anal
og
sig
ns
as
power
c
ontr
olli
ng
[
19
]
.
The
sta
bili
zer
ob
ta
in
s
a
sig
na
l
as
of
t
he
co
nt
ro
ll
er
a
nd
t
he
n
va
riat
es
the
el
ect
ric
-
curre
nt
run
ning
th
rou
gh
t
he
li
gh
t fi
xtu
re
, thus att
ai
ning a
r
egu
la
r
a
dju
ste
d dimi
nuti
on in
the li
gh
t
fixt
ure amo
unt p
r
oduced. T
he feat
ur
es
o
f
con
t
ro
ll
ed
sig
ns
imi
ta
te
the
per
i
od
an
d
le
vel
of
t
he
va
ri
at
ion
in
the
el
ect
ric
-
cu
rr
e
nt
and
su
c
ceedi
ng
li
ght
fixture
pro
du
ct
ion
.
Utm
os
t
m
ark
et
a
vaila
ble
regulat
ors
s
wi
tc
hes
f
or
co
ntr
ol
of
th
os
e
li
ght
fixtures
a
re
el
ect
ric
rap
i
d
-
ig
niti
on
or
a
utomat
ic
-
s
ta
rt
switc
hes,
mo
st
of
regula
r
li
g
ht
fi
xtures
worked
us
in
g
t
his
switc
he
s
el
ement
BIPIN
ped
e
sta
ls
normal
of
RAPID
-
ST
ART
li
gh
t
fixture
s.
By
mea
ns
of
the
detect
in
g
too
l,
unli
ke
s
or
t
of
photose
ns
it
ive
too
ls,
ma
r
ke
t
-
avail
able,
c
ould
be
em
ployed
.
A
mode
l
is
a
cl
ass
room
with
20x1
5m
dimensi
ons,
t
he
interi
or
of
th
e
buil
ding
ha
nged
li
ght
fixtures
st
ru
ct
ur
e
,
i
nten
ded
by
us
i
nf
a
softwa
re
cal
le
d
DIAL
UX
;
c
omp
rises
of
50
luminaires
c
on
ta
ini
ng
t
wo
60WT
18
re
gula
r
fl
uoresce
nt
fixt
ur
es
.
T
he
gr
oup
at
ta
ched
i
n
si
x
rows
of
6
unit
s,
li
ke
duri
ng
w
orkin
g
ti
me
op
er
at
e
par
t
of
th
e
sp
ace
,
a
nd
re
assure
a
n
acce
ptabl
e
li
gh
t i
nte
ns
it
y st
and
a
rd of
49
0
lu
x
[
19
,
20]
.
A
si
gn
i
ficant
missi
on
in
volv
es
ap
pro
pr
ia
te
colle
ct
ion
of
c
on
t
ro
ll
ed
pa
rts;
a
c
on
t
ro
ll
ed
pa
rt
is
a
set
of
fixtures
or
si
ngle
fi
xture
in
l
um
inai
re
wh
ic
h
a
dju
ste
d
by
on
e
sig
n.
T
he
pur
po
se
in
de
ve
lop
in
g
a
c
on
t
ro
ll
ed
zon
e
s
a
nd
pa
rts
is
in
orde
r
to
outl
ine
zo
nes
wh
ic
h
receives
a
co
ns
ta
nt
qu
antit
y
of
natu
r
al
li
gh
t
at
par
ti
cula
r
durati
on a
nd hence,
reli
able li
gh
t
sta
ndar
ds
r
equ
i
reme
nt [2
0
-
25]
.
4.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND D
I
SCUS
S
ION
S
The
fu
zz
y
base
d
c
on
t
ro
l
s
ys
te
m
is
s
uggeste
d
so
it
plane
d
a
nd
util
iz
ed
in
Alkhawa
rezmi
buil
ding
th
e
facu
lt
y
of
en
gi
neer
i
ng
bu
il
di
ng,
at
ap
plied
sci
ence
pr
i
vate
unive
rsity
w
hi
ch
is
l
ocated
i
n
Amma
n,
J
or
dan
as
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
gur
e 1
.
Fig
ure
1
.
Al
khawar
ez
mi
buil
ding
; at
ap
plie
d
sci
e
nce
pr
iv
a
te
u
ni
ver
sit
y
ca
mpus
Figure
2
disp
la
ys
the
en
gin
ee
r
ing
buil
ding’s
t
otal
li
gh
ti
ng
e
ne
rgy
us
a
ge
at
100%
occ
upanc
y
durin
g
a
ho
le
(
24
ho
ur
s
).
It
ha
s
bee
n
no
te
d
that,
the
bu
il
di
ng’s
el
e
ct
rici
ty
us
age
is
near
ly
5
kWh
.
The
buil
ding’s
maxim
um
li
gh
ti
ng
el
ect
rici
ty
dema
nd
is
ra
ng
i
ng
bet
ween
7pm
-
7am
.
T
he
minim
um
li
gh
ti
ngs
dem
an
d
was
happe
ning
fro
m 7 am
-
5 pm a
t nearl
y 1.1
kWh
.
The
sug
gested
natu
ral
li
gh
t
f
uz
zy
base
d
-
c
ontrolle
r
w
ould
be
capa
ble
to
util
iz
e
4
se
ns
ors:
occ
upants
count
s
ys
te
m,
act
ivit
y
a
nd
mo
ti
on
detect
ive
s
ys
te
m
a
nd
li
ghti
ng
inte
ns
it
y
se
nsor
,
const
antly
a
ut
om
at
ic
dimmin
g
switc
h
for
eac
h
fixt
ur
e
li
gh
t
inten
ding
t
he
way
of
co
ntr
olli
ng
li
gh
ti
ng
fi
xtur
e
yield
,
as
wel
l
as
a
fu
zz
y
base
d
c
on
t
ro
l
sy
ste
m;
the
li
gh
ti
ng
le
vel
se
nsor
ar
e
posit
ione
d
in
t
he
c
ontrolle
d
a
rea
of
th
e
place
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
1686
–
1692
1690
represe
nt
the
con
t
ro
ll
ed
c
omman
d
f
or
t
he
s
uggeste
d
c
on
t
ro
l
te
ch
nique,
instal
le
d
t
o
a
fu
zz
y
bas
ed
co
ntr
ol
sy
ste
m.
T
hus,
this
arti
cl
e
is
a
simulat
e
d
ba
sed
c
ontr
ol
s
yst
em
an
d
al
l
va
lues
wh
ic
h
c
ou
l
d
or
i
gin
at
e
f
rom
detect
or
ha
ve
been
substi
tuted
by
bu
il
di
ngs
evaluated
i
n
f
ormat
ion
util
iz
ing
the
softwa
re
of
D
IALU
X
an
d
M
A
TLAB
soft
war
e
p
ac
ka
ge.
Da
ily
li
ghti
ng l
oad
Tim
e
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
kWh
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Fig
ure
2
.
Al
khawar
ez
mi b
uildin
g’
s
li
gh
ti
ng
dema
nd.
The
in
pu
t
se
m
antic
adjuste
d
data
of
t
he
f
uz
zy
base
d
c
ontrol
sy
ste
m
a
r
e
the
adjuste
d
of
the
li
ght
intensit
y
cal
c
ulate
d
by
t
he
3
li
gh
t
i
ntensity
de
te
ct
or
s
wh
e
re
the
outp
ut’s
f
unct
ion
is
the
ad
justed
of
the
c
on
t
rol
sign
delive
re
d
to
A
utomat
ic
s
witc
h
in
the
re
gu
la
te
d
area
s.
Each
li
ng
uisti
c
adju
sta
ble
has
f
uzzy
qua
ntit
y
data
with
tria
ngular
mem
ber
s
hip
r
el
at
ion
sh
i
p,
as
sh
ow
n
in
Fig
ure
3
as
it
dem
onstrat
es
t
he
in
pu
t
data
an
d
Figure
4
wh
il
e the
f
i
gur
e shows t
he
ou
tpu
t.
Fig
ure
3
.
F
uzif
f
ic
at
ion
set
in
put
Fig
ure
4
.
F
uzzifica
ti
on
mem
be
rsh
i
p ou
t
pu
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Exergy
analysi
s o
f
day li
ght u
sing f
uz
zy
lo
gic controll
ers
of
Jo
r
dani
an commerci
al
…
(
A
li
M Baniyo
un
es
)
1691
Con
si
der
i
ng
i
nput
data
as
de
monstrate
d
i
n
Figure
3
,
D
e
mbod
ie
s
black
,
HD
e
mbo
dies
semi
dark,
M
emb
od
ie
s
ade
quat
e,
HL
em
bodies
se
mi
-
li
gh
t
an
d
L
em
bodi
es
li
gh
t.
T
he
c
on
t
ro
l
sy
ste
m
will
relat
e
to
the
out
-
pu
t
fig
ure
wh
ic
h
it
the
n
res
olve
s
the
util
iz
at
ion
of
natur
al
li
ght
area
s
a
nd
durati
on
ap
pro
pr
i
at
eness
de
p
en
ds
o
n
ou
tc
om
e
as
s
how
n
in
Fi
gure
4
.
Em
ployin
g membe
r
s
hip
da
ta
set
t
he
li
ght
inte
ns
it
y
qua
nt
it
y
is offere
d
thr
ough
the
s
uggeste
d
fu
zz
y
base
d
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
be
ne
f
ic
ia
l
qu
a
ntit
y
and
qu
al
it
y
of
li
gh
t
i
ntensit
y
as
so
ci
at
ed
with
a
su
bst
antia
l ene
rgy red
uctio
n.
Na
tu
ral
li
gh
t
ha
s
a
la
r
ge
ho
pe
fu
l
e
ne
rgy
-
re
du
ct
io
n
sig
nifi
cance
a
nd
bec
ame
a
n
a
pp
eal
i
ng
s
ub
sti
tute
to
regular
a
rtific
ia
l
-
el
ect
ric
li
gh
t
fi
xtures.
C
onve
ntion
al
c
ontr
ollers,
w
hic
h
de
pe
nd
s
on
const
ant
dimm
ing
,
ign
it
e
few
pr
oble
ms
t
o
set
it
s
pe
rformi
ng
t
o
instan
t
var
ia
ti
ons
i
n
natu
ral
-
li
gh
t
rel
ying
on
seaso
n,
ge
ogra
ph
ic
al
po
sit
io
ning,
a
nd
sky
c
onditi
ons.
No
ti
ng
t
ha
t,
the
menti
on
facts,
f
uzz
y
ba
sed
c
on
tr
oller
s
is
able
to
pe
rform
su
it
able
pro
ble
m
so
l
ving
in
e
sta
blishin
g
of
natu
ral
-
li
ght,
a
dilemma
w
hic
h
are
not
abl
e
to
be
represe
nted
by
us
in
g
mat
hem
at
ic
mo
dels
due
to
the
la
ck
of
inf
ormat
io
n’
s
avail
abili
ty,
inco
mp
et
e
nce,
or
dif
ficult
to
handle
.
The
s
ugge
ste
d
co
ntr
oller
util
iz
es
4
detect
in
g
to
ols
(
e.
g.
H
ead
c
ountin
g/a
ct
ivit
y
detect
io
n
dev
ic
e
an
d
3
li
gh
t
intensit
y
le
ve
l
detect
io
n
de
vi
ces),
pe
rma
ne
nt
a
uto
mati
c
dimmin
g
s
witc
h
for
each
li
gh
t
fixt
ur
e
int
end
i
ng
con
t
ro
ll
in
g
li
ght
fixt
ur
es
yiel
d,
a
nd
f
uzz
y
ba
sed
c
on
t
ro
l
s
yst
em.
A
vaila
bl
e
inf
ormat
ion
acqu
i
red
by
s
oft
war
e
that ens
ur
e
the
accurac
y of t
he
suggest
ed
t
oo
l
.
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
te
ll
igent
sma
rt
places
an
d
buil
dings
an
d
buil
dings’
s
mart
con
tr
ollers
a
re
able
to
re
du
ce
energy
by
the
mea
n
of
e
mp
lo
ying
a
gro
up
of
c
omman
ds
t
hat
de
pe
nds
on
s
urr
ounding
da
y
co
ndit
ion
s
e.
g.
the
util
iz
ing
of
natu
ral
li
ght,
cl
imat
ic
inf
orma
ti
on
,
s
olar
irra
diance,
occ
up
a
ncy
le
vel
a
nd
mu
c
h
m
or
e.
B
ased
on
the
a
bove
,
t
he
study
highli
ght
s
the
us
a
ge
of
fu
zz
y
base
d
co
ntr
ollers
a
nd
he
nce,
pro
vi
ding
visu
al
co
mf
ort
an
d
su
it
a
ble
li
gh
t
intensit
y.
T
his
art
ic
le
at
th
e
sta
rt
ou
tl
ine
d
t
he
pro
blem,
w
her
e
ver
energ
y
-
us
a
ge,
co
mf
or
t
ness
and
the
con
t
ro
ll
in
g
of
the
s
ys
te
ms
a
r
e
the
mea
ns
of
process
.
Ne
xt
the
arti
cl
e
offer
e
d
el
ect
ric
-
current
a
nd
re
gu
la
r
con
t
ro
ll
in
g
me
chan
is
m
a
nd
a
lso
mentio
ning
it
s
pro
blems
associat
ed
with
it
.
At
la
st,
the
arti
cl
e
est
a
blishe
d
few
s
mart
co
nt
ro
ll
in
g
mec
hani
sms
in
orde
r
to
ad
d
on
a
natur
al
li
ght
withi
n
li
gh
ti
ng
fi
xtures.
T
he
co
ntin
uous
dev
el
opment
of
buil
dings
c
on
t
ro
ll
in
g
me
chan
is
ms
c
urr
ently
are
esse
ntial
to
re
du
c
e
energ
y
a
nd
to
th
e
reduc
ti
on
of
gr
eenho
us
e
gas
e
missi
ons
on th
e en
vir
onment.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Bani
younes,
A.
M.,
et
a
l.,
“
An
over
vie
w
of
sol
ar
assisted
ai
r
c
ondit
ioni
ng
in
Quee
nsland's
su
btropi
c
al
reg
ion
s
,
Aus
tra
li
a
,”
Re
n
e
wable
and
Susta
inabl
e
Ene
rgy
R
ev
i
ews
,
vo
l.
26
,
p
p.
781
-
804
,
20
13
.
[2]
Bani
younes,
A.
M.,
et
al
.
,
“
Co
mpa
rison
study
of
solar
cool
i
ng
t
ec
hnolog
ie
s
for
an
insti
tutional
bui
ldi
ng
i
n
subtropic
nd,
Aus
tra
lia
,”
R
ene
wa
ble
and
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