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[
2
]
,
[
4
]
.
T
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[
9
]
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ates
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ap
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p
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ito
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k
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n
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h
e
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t
in
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d
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ter
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e.
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1
i
s
t
u
r
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ed
o
f
f
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h
e
t
w
o
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ito
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n
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g
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t
w
o
f
o
r
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n
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V
i
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al
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ase
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er
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ce
th
e
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atin
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t
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ito
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s
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Sev
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s
tr
ateg
ies
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e
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p
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a
x
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i
m
ize
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o
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t
h
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w
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d
ev
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s
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[
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3
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-
[
1
4
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Dio
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u
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ased
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tch
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n
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o
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th
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s
w
it
ch
S
1
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r
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r
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p
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ter
m
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s
C
1
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d
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2
i
n
th
e
s
y
m
m
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X
-
s
h
ap
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
ar
e
ass
u
m
ed
as sa
m
e
v
alu
e
s
.
(
1
)
T
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
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eq
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v
alen
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ased
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1
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n
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m
e
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t
w
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es a
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e
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er
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iased
.
Fig
u
r
e
1.
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ter
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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ted
in
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to
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E
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as E
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Fig
u
r
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3
.
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t c
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ig
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3
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ased
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ter
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cu
i
t
w
h
e
n
t
h
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s
w
itc
h
S
1
is
t
u
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n
e
d
OFF.
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h
en
th
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t
w
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d
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t
h
e
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c
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w
ar
d
b
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e
en
er
g
y
ac
cu
m
u
lated
i
n
t
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e
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n
d
u
cto
r
is
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
to
th
e
t
w
o
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
s
an
d
b
o
th
o
f
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
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r
s
w
il
l
b
e
in
p
ar
allel
to
s
u
p
p
l
y
t
h
e
lo
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s
.
(
3
)
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h
e
av
er
ag
e
v
o
ltag
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ac
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o
s
s
i
n
d
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cto
r
d
u
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e
s
w
itc
h
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p
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in
s
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r
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m
(
2
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an
d
(
3
)
,
th
e
v
o
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e
o
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th
e
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n
d
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is
(
4
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Fro
m
th
e
ab
o
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e
eq
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at
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n
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v
o
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e
ac
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o
s
s
t
h
e
ca
p
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ca
n
b
e
d
er
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as
s
(
5
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W
h
er
e
V
s
i
s
t
h
e
in
p
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t
s
u
p
p
l
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v
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th
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s
ta
te
d
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t
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f
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
S
1
,
T
s
is
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
ti
m
e
p
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d
.
I
n
th
e
s
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ilar
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av
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ter
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te
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=
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(
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I
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:
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0
8
8
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8
694
IJ
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2
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7
7
4
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T
h
e
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g
e
v
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w
h
ic
h
is
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t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
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2
V
C
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h
e
v
o
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e
tr
an
s
f
er
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o
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d
io
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ased
b
u
ck
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b
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s
t N
P
C
-
M
L
I
i
s
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
̂
=
̂
(
8
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W
h
er
e
v
ac
is
t
h
e
p
ea
k
v
a
lu
e
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t p
h
ase
v
o
ltag
e
3
.
P
RO
P
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SE
D
P
UL
SE
W
I
DT
H
M
O
DULAT
I
O
N
S
T
R
AT
E
G
I
E
S
T
h
e
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
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d
iag
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am
f
o
r
a
3
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p
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ase
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el
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h
e
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s
is
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f
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i
x
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ec
to
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s
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s
h
o
w
n
in
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g
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r
e
4
,
an
d
ea
ch
s
ec
to
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c
o
n
s
is
ts
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f
f
o
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r
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ian
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s
.
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ac
h
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v
er
ter
leg
ca
n
h
av
e
t
h
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s
w
itc
h
in
g
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tates,
w
h
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lts
in
2
7
v
o
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s
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er
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d
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v
er
ed
to
th
e
lo
ad
f
o
r
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
tates
(
1
1
1
)
,
(
0
0
0
)
,
an
d
(
-
1
-
1
-
1
)
,
w
h
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is
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r
e
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h
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ll
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o
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e
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r
(
NV)
.
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ce
,
th
e
2
7
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o
s
s
ib
le
v
o
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g
e
v
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s
ar
e
class
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f
ied
as 1
8
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v
e
v
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g
e
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to
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s
a
n
d
1
n
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l
l v
ec
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r
.
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h
e
n
o
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ze
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o
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g
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s
ca
n
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a
v
e
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ee
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h
as
e
v
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ich
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s
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d
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s
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E
ac
h
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l
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r
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s
to
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e
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er
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t
h
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lar
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e
h
ex
a
g
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n
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lled
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h
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lar
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e
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ec
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L
V)
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t
h
at
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n
t
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id
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le
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o
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ex
a
g
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h
e
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ed
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m
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d
th
at
o
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t
h
e
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er
tex
o
f
th
e
s
m
a
ll
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in
s
id
e)
h
e
x
ag
o
n
ca
lled
th
e
s
m
a
ll
v
ec
t
o
r
(
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,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
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h
e
s
ix
L
Vs
f
o
r
m
s
t
h
e
v
er
tic
es
o
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th
e
h
e
x
ag
o
n
an
d
th
e
th
r
ee
NVs
ar
e
lo
ca
ted
at
th
e
o
r
i
g
in
.
Fo
r
th
eo
r
etica
l
an
al
y
s
is
a
n
e
w
co
n
ce
p
t i
n
tr
o
d
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ce
d
w
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h
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lled
as t
h
e
n
a
t
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r
al
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o
in
t p
o
ten
tial.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Sp
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
d
iag
r
am
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
I
n
th
e
s
tat
io
n
ar
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r
d
in
ate,
a
s
p
ac
e
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ec
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o
f
co
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n
t
m
a
g
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itu
d
e
|
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r
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d
a
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lar
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cit
y
ω
r
is
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n
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o
d
u
ce
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ep
r
esen
t th
e
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h
r
ee
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ase
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ala
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d
v
o
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e.
|
|
[
V
ao
+
V
bo
+
V
co
]
(
9
)
T
h
e
f
ac
to
r
2
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in
clu
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th
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a
m
p
lit
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r
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θ
r
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h
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s
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ω
r
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W
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w
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(
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
A
P
W
M S
t
r
a
teg
ies fo
r
Dio
d
e
A
s
s
is
ted
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P
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LI
to
Ob
ta
in
M
a
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h
a
r
a
tir
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771
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n
t
h
e
ab
o
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e
eq
u
a
tio
n
s
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ao
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e
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e
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t
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al
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o
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g
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aN
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bN
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r
e
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li
n
e
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oN
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h
e
n
e
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tr
al
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r
o
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e
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1
1
)
|
|
(
1
2
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(
1
3
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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(
1
4
)
B
ased
o
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
P
W
M
s
tr
ateg
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t
h
er
e
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it
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P
W
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ateg
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k
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th
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ll
ad
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an
ta
g
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h
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l
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h
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ig
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r
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t
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ate
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ies.
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h
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m
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n
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r
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ter
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s
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n
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s
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h
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m
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ize
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h
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ef
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ce
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av
e
v
ec
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V
r
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h
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ec
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s
ar
e
s
y
m
m
etr
icall
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is
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ib
u
ted
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u
r
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n
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t
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o
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t
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s
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g
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h
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ter
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al
o
f
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tr
e.
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f
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h
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r
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d
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n
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n
f
r
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t
o
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t
h
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o
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t
cir
cu
it
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e
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ce
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n
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d
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i
n
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m
ize
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e
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alf
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s
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g
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eq
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is
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d
i
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P
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tr
ateg
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r
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ted
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r
e
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s
y
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m
etr
ical
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lace
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en
t
o
f
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w
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tch
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n
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s
tates
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n
e
s
w
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h
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m
e
p
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io
d
.
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h
e
m
ai
n
f
ea
t
u
r
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o
f
th
is
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
i
s
th
at
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1
t
u
r
n
s
ON
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d
OFF
o
n
ce
w
it
h
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1
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N
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n
t
er
v
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s
y
m
m
etr
icall
y
in
s
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ted
at
th
e
ce
n
tr
e
o
f
o
n
e
s
w
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n
g
p
er
io
d
T
s
.
T
h
er
e
w
ill
b
e
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ad
d
itio
n
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s
w
itc
h
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n
g
s
t
ate
f
o
r
s
m
all
v
ec
to
r
V
1
.
W
ith
t
h
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
a
d
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itio
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s
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tch
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h
ase
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h
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n
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ter
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r
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r
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F
F.
W
ith
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h
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s
a
m
e
d
es
ig
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ap
p
r
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h
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h
e
s
w
itch
in
g
s
tates
in
o
th
er
s
ex
ta
n
t
s
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
i
n
d
ex
o
f
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
M
t
is
l
i
m
ited
b
y
th
e
o
n
-
s
tate
d
u
t
y
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atio
o
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t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
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n
g
d
ev
ice
S
1
o
f
t
h
e
f
r
o
n
t
b
o
o
s
t c
ir
cu
it.
(
1
5
)
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
es
s
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
d
ev
ices i
n
f
r
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n
t o
f
t
h
e
b
o
o
s
t c
ir
cu
it V
sf
an
d
th
at
v
al
u
e
is
s
a
m
e
as t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
V
c
,
(
1
6
)
Fo
r
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ca
r
r
ier
w
a
v
e
b
ased
SP
W
M
w
it
h
t
h
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d
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ar
m
o
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ic
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ec
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tili
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ter
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m
m
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latio
n
in
d
e
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o
f
M
t
=1
.
1
5
p
on
.
(
)
(
1
7
)
,
(
1
8
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3
.
1
.
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t
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hro
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o
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o
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h
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ed
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
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IJ
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[1
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g
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0
6
.
[1
1
]
C
Bh
a
ra
ti
ra
ja,
Jl
M
u
n
d
a
,
Ish
a
n
V
a
g
h
a
sia
,
Ra
jes
h
V
a
li
v
e
ti
,
P
M
a
n
a
sa
,
“
L
o
w
c
o
st
Re
a
l
T
i
m
e
C
e
n
tralize
d
S
p
e
e
d
Co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
DC
M
o
t
o
r
Us
i
n
g
L
a
b
Vie
w
-
NI
USB
6
0
0
8
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
6
5
6
-
6
6
4
,
2
0
1
6
[1
2
]
R.
J.
W
a
i,
C.
Y.
L
in
,
a
n
d
R.
Y.
Du
a
n
,
“
Hig
h
-
e
f
fi
c
i
e
n
c
y
d
c
–
d
c
c
o
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
g
a
in
a
n
d
re
d
u
c
e
d
sw
it
c
h
stre
ss
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
In
d
.
E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
5
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
5
4
–
3
6
4
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
0
7
.
[1
3
]
Z.
Yi,
W
.
L
i,
a
n
d
X.He
,
“
S
in
g
l
e
-
p
h
a
se
im
p
ro
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e
d
a
c
ti
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e
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la
m
p
c
o
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p
le
d
-
in
d
u
c
t
o
r
-
b
a
se
d
c
o
n
v
e
rt
e
r
w
it
h
e
x
t
e
n
d
e
d
v
o
lt
a
g
e
d
o
u
b
ler ce
ll
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
8
6
9
–
2
8
7
8
,
J
u
n
.
2
0
1
2
.
[1
4
]
J
.
M
o
m
o
h
,
“
Re
n
e
w
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
S
to
ra
g
e
S
m
a
rt
G
rid
:
F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tals
o
f
De
si
g
n
a
n
d
A
n
a
l
y
sis,
”
Ne
w
Y
o
rk
,
NY
,
US
A:
W
il
e
y
-
IEE
E,
v
o
l
.
2
2
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
4
0
-
1
5
9
,
J
u
n
.
2
0
1
2
.
.
[1
5
]
R.
A
n
tal,
“
I
m
p
ro
v
e
d
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
d
io
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e
-
a
ss
isted
b
u
c
k
-
b
o
o
st
v
o
lt
a
g
e
-
so
u
rc
e
in
v
e
rters
,
”
in
Pro
c
.
EP
E
/P
EM
C,
v
o
l.
2
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
9
3
–
9
9
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
1
0
.
[1
6
]
C.
Bh
a
ra
ti
ra
ja,
Ha
rsh
a
v
a
rd
h
a
n
Re
d
d
y
,
N.
S
ri
Ra
m
sa
i,
a
n
d
S
u
n
k
a
v
a
ll
i
S
a
t
y
a
S
a
isu
m
a
“
F
P
G
A
Ba
s
e
d
De
sig
n
a
n
d
V
a
li
d
a
ti
o
n
o
f
As
y
m
m
e
tri
c
a
l
R
e
d
u
c
e
d
S
w
it
c
h
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rter,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m
(
IJ
PE
DS
),
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
4
0
-
3
4
8
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
6
.
[1
7
]
M
.
L
ise
rre
,
F
.
Blaa
b
jerg
,
a
n
d
S
.
Ha
n
se
n
,
"
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l
o
f
a
n
L
C
L
-
Ba
s
e
d
T
h
re
e
-
P
h
a
se
Ac
ti
v
e
Re
c
ti
f
ier
"
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stry
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
4
1
,
N
o
.
5
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r/Oc
to
b
e
r
2
0
0
5.
[1
8
]
E.
T
w
in
in
g
a
n
d
D.
G
.
Ho
lm
e
s,
“
G
rid
Cu
rre
n
t
Re
g
u
latio
n
o
f
a
T
h
re
e
P
h
a
se
V
o
lt
a
g
e
S
o
u
rc
e
In
v
e
rter
w
it
h
a
n
L
C
L
In
p
u
t
F
i
lt
e
r,
”
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
No
.
3
,
p
p
.
8
8
8
-
8
9
5
,
M
a
y
2
0
0
3
.
[1
9
]
C.
Bh
a
ra
ti
ra
ja,
S.
Je
e
v
a
n
a
n
th
a
n
,
R
.
L
a
th
a
,
“
V
e
c
to
r
S
e
lec
ti
o
n
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
-
b
a
se
d
He
x
a
g
o
n
a
l
H
y
st
e
re
si
s
S
p
a
c
e
V
e
c
to
r
Cu
rre
n
t
Co
n
tro
ll
e
r
f
o
r
a
T
h
re
e
-
p
h
a
se
Dio
d
e
Clam
p
e
d
M
L
I
with
Ca
p
a
c
it
o
r
Vo
lt
a
g
e
Ba
lan
c
in
g
”,
IET
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
9
,
Iss
u
e
7
,
p
p
.
1
3
5
0
-
1
3
6
1
,
8
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
6
.
[2
0
]
C.
Bh
a
ra
ti
ra
ja,S
.
Ra
g
h
u
,
P
.
Ra
o
,
K.
R.
S
.
P
a
li
n
iam
y
,
“
Co
m
p
a
r
a
ti
v
e
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
Di
ff
e
re
n
t
P
W
M
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
to
Re
d
u
c
e
th
e
Co
m
m
o
n
M
o
d
e
Vo
lt
a
g
e
in
T
h
re
e
-
lev
e
l
Ne
u
tral
-
p
o
in
t
-
c
lam
p
e
d
In
v
e
rters
f
o
r
V
a
riab
le
S
p
e
e
d
I
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
Driv
e
s”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
Iss
u
e
1
,
P
a
g
e
s 1
0
5
-
1
1
6
.
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
3
.
[2
1
]
C.
Bh
a
ra
ti
ra
ja,
R.
L
a
th
a
,
Dr.
S
.
Je
e
v
a
n
a
n
th
a
n
,
S
.
Ra
g
h
u
a
n
d
Dr.
S
.
S
.
Da
sh
.
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
V
a
li
d
a
ti
o
n
o
f
S
im
p
le
S
p
a
c
e
V
e
c
to
r
P
W
M
S
c
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
T
h
re
e
-
L
e
v
e
l
NP
C
-
M
L
I
w
it
h
In
v
e
stig
a
t
io
n
o
f
Dc
L
in
k
I
m
b
a
lan
c
e
u
sin
g
F
P
GA
IP
Co
re
”
,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
e
d
it
i
o
n
1
,
p
p
5
4
-
6
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
2
]
C.
Bh
a
ra
ti
ra
ja,
J.L
.
M
u
n
d
a
,
N.
S
riram
s
a
i,
T
S
a
i
N
a
v
a
n
e
e
sh
,
“
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
Co
m
m
o
n
M
o
d
e
V
o
lt
a
g
e
f
o
r
a
Ne
u
tral
-
P
o
i
n
t
-
Clam
p
e
d
M
u
l
ti
lev
e
l
In
v
e
rter
Driv
e
a
n
d
it
s
I
n
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
El
im
in
a
ti
o
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
S
VP
W
M
S
w
it
c
h
in
g
-
S
tate
Re
d
u
n
d
a
n
c
y
,
”
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Driv
e
S
y
ste
m
s,v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
8
9
2
-
9
0
0
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
3
]
K.
Ra
m
e
sh
,
C.
B
h
a
ra
ti
ra
ja,
S
.
Ra
g
h
u
,
G
.
Vijay
a
la
k
sh
m
i,
P
L
.
S
a
m
b
a
n
th
a
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Im
p
lem
e
n
tat
io
n
o
f
Re
a
l
T
i
m
e
Ch
a
rg
in
g
S
tatio
n
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
In
f
ra
stru
c
tu
re
f
o
r
Hy
b
rid
El
e
c
tri
c
V
e
h
icle
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
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