Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
9
, No
.
3
,
Septem
ber
201
8
, p
p.
13
81
~
1
3
89
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v
9.i
3
.
pp
13
81
-
1
3
89
1381
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
escore.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJPE
D
S
Maximu
m Powe
r Poi
nt
T
racker
Usi
ng F
uzzy Logi
c Cont
ro
ll
er
with R
educ
ed Rules
Ad
el
H
addo
uc
he
1
,
Moham
m
ed K
ara
2
,
Lo
tfi
Fa
r
ah
3
1,2
Depa
rtment
of
Mine Engi
n
ee
ri
ng,
Univer
si
ty L
arb
i te
bessi
Te
b
e
ss
a
,
Alger
i
a
3
Génie
El
e
ct
ro
m
éc
an
ique L
abor
a
tory
Depa
r
tment
of
Mine
Eng
ineeri
ng,
Univer
si
ty
Badji
Mokhtar
Annaba
,
Alger
i
a
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Feb
10
, 201
8
Re
vised
Ju
l
20
,
201
8
Accepte
d
Aug
6
, 2
01
8
Thi
s
pap
er
pre
s
ent
s
a
fu
zz
y
lo
gic
cont
ro
ll
er
f
or
m
axi
mu
m
p
ower
poin
t
tra
ck
ing
(MP
PT)
in
photovo
lt
a
i
c
sys
te
m
wi
th
red
uce
d
numbe
r
of
rule
s
inste
ad
of
conv
ent
ion
al
25
rul
e
s
to
m
ake
the
sys
te
m
li
gh
te
r
which
wil
l
im
prove
th
e
trac
king
spe
ed
and
r
educ
e
th
e
static
err
or,
eng
ende
r
i
ng
a
glob
al
per
fo
rma
n
ce
i
m
prove
me
n
ts.
in
t
his
work
the
pro
posed
sys
te
m
us
e
the
power
var
iation
and
c
urre
nt
v
ariati
on
as
inpu
ts
to
simpl
ify
the
c
al
c
ula
ti
on
,
the
int
roduc
ed
cont
r
oll
er
is
conne
c
ted
to
a
conve
n
ti
o
nal
gr
id
and
sim
ula
t
ed
with
MA
TL
AB/S
IM
ULINK
.
Th
e
si
mul
ation
resu
lt
s
show
s
a
prom
isi
ng
indica
ti
on
to
adop
t
the
in
t
roduc
ed
cont
r
o
ller
as
an
a
goo
d
alter
n
at
iv
e
to
traditi
on
al
MP
PT
sys
te
m
fo
r
furthe
r
pra
ctical
app
li
c
at
ions
.
Ke
yw
or
d:
High e
ff
ic
ie
nc
y
M
a
ximum
pow
er
po
i
nt trac
king
PV
s
ys
te
ms
Re
du
ce
d fu
zz
y l
og
ic
Copyright
©
201
8
Ins
t
it
ut
e
o
f
Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
e
er
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ad
el
H
a
ddouc
he
,
Dep
a
rtme
nt of
M
ine
Engine
er
ing
,
Larb
i
Tebes
si
Un
i
ver
sit
y,
Te
bessa Alge
ria
Emai
l:
adelha
ddouc
he@ya
hoo.fr
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Durin
g
the
la
st
year
s
,
ur
gen
t
nee
ds
f
or
a
ne
w
e
nergy
al
te
rn
at
ive
i
n
orde
r
to
overc
om
e
the
ene
r
gy
crisi
s
an
d
glob
al
warmi
ng
iss
ues.
Th
os
e
pr
oble
ms
ha
ve
si
gnific
antly
pr
omoted
the
de
ve
lop
me
nt
of
re
new
a
ble
energies.
In
thi
s
co
ntext,
t
he
photov
ol
ta
ic
sy
ste
ms
represe
n
t
a
very
c
ompeti
ti
ve
so
l
utio
n.
U
nfor
t
un
at
e
ly,
this
so
luti
on
is
not
perfect
due
t
o
low
e
ne
rgy
c
onve
rsion
e
ff
ic
i
ency,
a
nd
to
overc
om
e
this
pro
blem
it
's
nec
essar
y
to
prov
i
de
t
he
PV
s
ys
te
m
with
a
n
MPP
T
co
ntr
oller
t
o
gathe
r
t
he
maxim
um
el
ec
tric
al
powe
r
from
the
photov
oltai
c
modu
le
s
unde
r
di
ff
e
ren
t
w
orkin
g
c
onditi
on
s
.
T
her
e
f
ore,
M
a
ny
met
hods
of
M
PP
T
we
re
com
plete
d
in
pr
e
vious
st
ud
i
es,
as
per
tu
r
b
and
obse
rv
e
(P
&
O)
[
1],
f
racti
on
al
op
e
n
-
ci
rcu
it
vo
lt
ag
e
[2]
,
fr
act
io
nal
s
hor
t
-
ci
rcu
it
c
urrent
,
incr
e
mental
[2]
c
onduct
anc
e
(IncC
on),
li
ne
ap
pro
ximati
on,
rip
ple
c
orrel
at
ion
con
t
ro
l
(RCC
),
PID
c
on
tr
ol,
f
uzzy
lo
gic
co
nt
ro
l
(
FLC)
[1],
gen
et
ic
al
go
rithm
[3],
ne
ur
al
netw
ork
a
nd
ne
uro
-
fu
zz
y
a
ppr
oac
hes
[4].
O
n
th
e
ot
her
ha
nd,
intel
li
gen
t
s
ys
te
ms
li
ke
FLC,
ne
ur
al
net
wor
k,
an
d
ne
uro
-
f
uzzy
sy
ste
ms
a
re
a
ble
to
determi
ne
their
pa
ra
mete
rs
a
nd
ar
e
capa
ble
of
op
e
rati
ng
un
de
r
the
highly
nonlinea
r
sy
ste
m.
A
s
a
r
esult,
the
FLC
-
base
d
MPPT
al
gorithm
at
tra
ct
s
man
y
resea
rch
interest
s.
Re
centl
y
in
li
te
ratur
e
,
numer
ous
MP
PT
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
s
ba
sed
on
t
hes
e
te
ch
niques
ha
ve
bee
n
pr
opos
e
d
[1
-
6]
.
In
com
par
is
on
wi
th
t
he
P&O
al
gorith
m,
the
y
pr
ov
i
de
supe
rio
r
tr
ackin
g
pe
rfo
r
mance.
H
ow
e
ver,
the
desig
n
co
ns
i
der
at
io
n
an
d
reali
zat
ion
c
omplexit
y f
or
diff
e
ren
t
kinds
of intel
li
gen
t
ba
sed MP
PT tec
hniq
ues
vary
wi
dely.
Re
gardin
g
the
desig
n
of
i
nput
/ou
tp
ut
me
mb
e
rsh
i
p
f
unct
io
ns
(
M
Fs),
it
is
kn
own
t
hat
the
in
pu
t/
outp
ut
M
Fs
desig
n
ha
s
a
great
im
pa
ct
on
FLCs’
pe
rformance
in
te
rms
of
t
rack
i
ng
ti
me.
I
n
or
der
to
deal
with
t
his
issue,
gen
et
ic
al
gorithm
(GA)[7],
par
ti
cl
e
swarm
op
ti
miza
ti
on
(
PS
O)[8]
a
nd
a
rt
ific
ia
l
neu
ral
netw
ork
(ANN)[
9]
are
pro
po
se
d
in
th
e
li
te
ratur
e
to
op
ti
mize
the
F
LC
M
Fs
.
I
n
thi
s
w
ork,
we
pro
po
s
e
an
MPPT
base
d
on
f
uzz
y
l
og
ic
w
it
h
a
re
duced
num
ber of
r
ul
es
instea
d
of
th
e
tradit
io
nal h
i
gh n
umbe
r
of
r
ules. Th
e
g
oal
o
f
this
reducti
on
is
t
o
ma
ke
th
e
whole
s
ys
te
m
li
ghte
r
a
nd
more
reacti
ve
in
or
der
to
imp
rov
e
gl
ob
al
pe
rfo
rma
nce
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
I
nt J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
Sy
st
,
Vol.
9
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2018 :
13
8
1
–
1
3
89
1382
especial
ly
trac
king
ti
me
an
d
to
offe
r
a
lo
w
cost,
hi
gh
ef
f
ic
ie
ncy
FLC
-
ba
sed
M
PPT
al
gorithm
,
with
powe
r
var
ia
ti
on
(ΔPpv)
an
d
outp
u
t
current
va
riat
ion
(Δ
Ipv)
as
the
i
nputs
of
th
e
pro
pose
d
F
L
C.
T
he
desig
n
of
th
e
FLC sc
heme
a
nd rule t
able
w
it
h
res
ults will
be
int
rod
uced la
te
r
in t
his
paper.
2.
MAXI
MUM
PERFO
R
MANC
E
POI
NT
TRA
CKE
R
O
PERATI
ON P
RINCIPLE
The
c
onnecte
d
load
cha
racte
risti
cs
ha
ve
a
n
im
portant
i
nf
l
uen
ce
on
t
he
photov
oltai
c
operati
ng
beh
a
vior
as
s
how
n
i
n
Fi
g
ure
1
,
[
10,
11]
.
I
nd
ee
d,
f
or
a
l
oad,
with
a
n
i
nter
nal
resist
a
nce
Ri
,
t
he
op
ti
mal
adap
ta
ti
on
occ
ur
s
on
l
y
at
a
pa
rtic
ular
oper
a
ti
ng
point,
r
efe
rr
e
d
t
o
as
the
maxim
um
pow
er
point
(
M
PP
)
a
nd
no
te
d
in
ou
r
c
ase
P
max
,
as
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
gure
2
.
T
hus,
when
a
direct
c
onnecti
on
is
ma
de
betwee
n
the
so
urce
and
the
loa
d,
the
ou
t
pu
t
of
t
he
P
V
m
odule
is
rar
el
y
ma
xi
mu
m
a
nd
the
operati
ng
po
i
nt
is
not
opti
mal.
To
reme
dy
this
prob
le
m
,
it
is
ne
cessar
y
t
o
a
dd
an
MPPT
co
nt
ro
ll
er
wit
h
a
D
C
-
DC
co
nverte
r,
bet
ween
the
so
urce
and
t
he
loa
d,
as
show
n
in
F
igure
3
[
12]
.
the
cha
racteri
st
ic
s
of
a
P
V
s
ys
te
m
va
r
y
wi
th
te
mp
e
ratur
e
and
irrad
ia
nce,
as
s
how
n
i
n
Fig
ure
4,
a
nd
5
[
13,
14].
T
her
e
fore,
an
M
P
PT
c
on
trolle
r
is
al
s
o
r
equ
i
red
to
trac
k
t
he
new
m
odifie
d
maxim
um
po
w
er
point
i
n
it
s
corres
pondin
g
curve
w
h
e
nev
e
r
a
va
riat
ion
i
n
te
mp
e
ratu
re
a
nd
/
or
irrad
ia
nce
occ
ur
s
man
y
M
P
PT
co
ntr
ol
t
echn
i
qu
e
s
ha
ve
been
c
oncei
ve
d
f
or
this
pur
pose
in
the
la
st
decad
e
s
[15, 1
6]. T
he
y ca
n be classi
fie
d
as:
1.
Vo
lt
age
f
ee
dba
ck base
d
met
hods,
wh
ic
h
c
ompa
re th
e
P
V op
e
rati
ng
2.
Vo
lt
age
wit
h
a
ref
e
ren
ce
volt
age
in
orde
r
to
generate
the
P
W
M
co
ntr
ol
sign
al
t
o
be
a
ppl
ie
d
to
the
DC
-
DC
c
onver
te
r
[
17].
3.
Current
feedba
ck base
d
met
hods t
hat
us
e t
he
PV m
odule
4.
Shor
t
ci
rcu
it
current
as
a
f
eedb
ac
k
in
or
der
to
est
imat
e
the
opti
mal
cu
rr
e
nt
c
orre
sp
on
ding
t
o
t
he
maxim
um
Figure
1.
C
urre
nt
–
vo
lt
age
c
ha
racteri
sti
c of a
PV
mod
ule
Figure
2
.
P
-
v
c
har
act
erist
ic
of a P
V
m
odule
Figure
3. P
ho
t
ovoltai
c sy
ste
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Maxim
um P
ow
er Po
i
nt Track
er U
si
ng F
uz
zy
Logic C
on
tr
oller w
it
h
Red
uc
ed
R
ules
(
Adel
Had
douc
he
)
1383
Figure.
4. In
flu
ence
of the s
ol
ar r
a
diati
on fo
r
constant t
em
pe
ratur
e
Figure
5.
T
he
boos
t
D
C
-
DC c
onve
rter circ
uit
3.
DC
-
D
C CO
N
VERTER
In
order
t
o
al
w
ays
en
sure
the
op
e
rati
on
poin
t
on
the
maxi
mu
m
powe
r
point,
or
cl
ose
to
it
,
sp
eci
fi
c
ci
rcu
it
,
cal
le
d
M
a
ximum
P
ower
P
oin
t
T
ra
cker
(
M
P
PT),
is
empl
oyed
.
Usu
al
l
y,
t
he
M
PP
T
is
achi
eved
by
interp
os
in
g
a
powe
r
c
onve
rt
er
(D
C
-
DC
c
onve
rter
)
betwe
en
t
he
P
V
ge
ne
rator
a
nd
t
he
loa
d
(
batte
ry)
,
th
us,
act
ing
on
t
he
c
onve
rter
duty
cycle
(
D)
it
is
po
s
sible
to
gu
a
ran
te
e
the
oper
at
ion
point
as
bein
g
the
M
P
P
[18],
F
igure
4
sho
w
s
the
ci
rcu
it
of
the
buck
c
onve
rter,
whos
e
ou
t
pu
t
vo
lt
age
(
V
b)
is
le
ss
tha
n
or
e
qual
to
the
input
vo
lt
age
V
i
(PV
g
e
ner
at
or
volt
age).
A
boos
t
c
onve
rter
(
ste
p
-
up
c
onve
rter)
is
a
DC
-
to
-
DC
po
wer
c
onve
rter
that
ste
ps
up
volt
age
(whil
e
ste
pp
i
ng
dow
n
cu
rr
e
nt)
from
it
s
in
put
(sup
ply)
t
o
it
s
out
pu
t
(l
oad
).
It
is
a
cl
ass
of
s
witc
hed
-
m
ode
powe
r
su
ppl
y
(
S
M
PS
)
c
on
ta
ini
ng
at
le
ast
two
se
micond
ucto
rs
(a
diode
a
nd
a
transist
or)
a
nd
at
le
ast
one
energ
y
stora
ge
el
eme
nt
:
a
capaci
tor,
inducto
r,
or
t
he
two
i
n
c
omb
inati
on
.
T
o
re
duce
vo
lt
age
rip
ple,
filt
ers
ma
de
of
cap
aci
tors
(s
ome
ti
mes
in
c
ombinati
on
with
inducto
rs)
are
normall
y
ad
de
d
to
s
uc
h
a
c
onve
rter's
outp
ut
(load
-
side
filt
er)
a
nd
in
pu
t
(s
uppl
y
-
side
filt
er)
.
[
20
].
t
he
bo
os
t
c
onve
rter
can
c
ome
from
an
y
s
uitable
DC
s
ources
,
su
c
h
a
s
batte
ri
es,
s
olar
pa
nels,
recti
fier
s
a
nd
DC
ge
ne
rato
rs.
A
process
that
c
hanges
one
DC
vo
lt
age
to
a
diff
e
re
nt
DC
volt
age
is
cal
le
d
DC
-
to
-
DC
c
onve
rsion.
A
boos
t
c
onver
te
r
is
a
DC
-
to
-
DC
co
nverter
with
an
ou
t
pu
t
vo
lt
a
ge
gr
eat
er
t
ha
n
the
s
ource
volt
age.
A
bo
os
t
c
onve
rter
is
some
ti
mes
cal
le
d
a
st
ep
-
up
c
onve
rter
since
it
"st
eps
up
"
the
sour
ce
volt
age.
Sinc
e
powe
r
(P
=
V
I)
must
be
co
nse
rv
e
d,
the
out
pu
t
c
urre
nt
is
lowe
r
than
t
he
s
ource
curre
nt.
T
he d
yn
a
mic m
odel
of the
us
e
d boo
st co
nv
e
rter
as
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
gur
e 4
.
4.
FUZZY
L
OG
IC MPPT
CONTROLL
E
R
Fu
zz
y
lo
gic
c
ontr
ollers
ha
ve
been
i
ntrod
uce
d
i
n
the
trac
kin
g
of
t
he
M
P
P
in
PV
s
ys
te
ms
[12
–
14].
Du
e
to
thei
r
a
dv
a
ntage
s
a
nd
bei
ng
rob
us
t
and
relat
ively
simple
t
o
desi
gn
sin
ce
t
he
knowle
dge
of
the
e
xact
model
is
no
t
require
d.
On
t
he
ot
her
hand
,
the
desi
gn
e
r
need
s
c
ompl
et
e
know
le
dg
e
of
the
PV
s
ys
te
m
op
e
rati
on.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
I
nt J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
Sy
st
,
Vol.
9
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2018 :
13
8
1
–
1
3
89
1384
In
this
pap
e
r,
t
he
in
pu
ts
of
th
e
propose
d
MPPT
co
ntr
oller
are
the
pow
er
var
ia
ti
on
(ΔP
pv)
an
d
the
current
var
ia
ti
on
(ΔI
pv).
T
he
M
Fs
of
the
util
iz
ed
in
pu
t
a
nd
outp
ut
va
riables
f
or
the
propose
d
co
ntr
ol
l
er
a
re
il
lustra
te
d
in
F
igure
6
s
hows
the
M
Fs
of
t
he
in
pu
t
va
riable
s;
both
ΔPp
v
a
nd
ΔI
pv
M
Fs
a
re
in
tria
ng
ular
f
orm.
Fig.
7
is
the
MF
of
the
outp
ut
(duty
cycle
st
ep
siz
e
D)
,
w
hi
ch
is
al
so
i
n
tr
ia
ngular
form.
In
(F
i
g.7)
,
DP
sta
nd
s
for
power
va
r
ia
ti
on
,
DI
re
presents
c
urre
nt
var
ia
ti
on
a
nd
D
denotes
duty
c
ycle
var
i
at
ion
.
For
li
nguisti
c
var
ia
bles,
P
re
pr
ese
nts
po
sit
ive,
N
re
pr
e
se
nts
ne
gative,
B,
S
an
d
Z
a
re
de
fine
d
as
big
,
small
an
d
zero,
resp
ect
ivel
y.
F
rom
Fig
ur
e
6,
each
of
the
i
nput
va
riables
ΔPpv
an
d
ΔI
pv
is
map
pe
d
into
fi
ve
di
fferent
li
ng
uisti
c
val
ue
s.
I
ns
te
ad
usual
pro
posed
f
uzzy
sy
ste
m
our
model
pro
poses
a
li
mit
ed
numb
e
r
of
rul
es
the
fu
zz
y
i
nf
e
ren
c
e
is
car
ried
out
by
us
in
g
M
a
m
dan
i
’s
m
et
hod,
(Ta
ble
1)
,
a
nd
the
defuzzifi
c
at
ion
us
es
the
centre
of
gr
a
vity
t
o
c
ompu
te
t
he
out
pu
t
of
t
his
FL
C,
w
hich
is
the
du
t
y
c
ycle,
th
e
co
ntro
l
ru
le
s
are
in
dicat
ed
i
n
Ta
ble
1
.
Fig
ur
e
8 sho
ws
th
e str
uctu
r
e of the
fuzzy
con
t
ro
ll
er.
Figure
6. M
e
m
ber
s
hip f
unct
io
ns
for
i
nputs
(input1 D
Pv)
(in
pu
t
2 DIv)
Figure
7. M
e
m
ber
s
hip f
unct
io
n for
ou
t
pu
t
D (duty
cy
cl
e)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
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88
-
8
694
Maxim
um P
ow
er Po
i
nt Track
er U
si
ng F
uz
zy
Logic C
on
tr
oller w
it
h
Red
uc
ed
R
ules
(
Adel
Had
douc
he
)
1385
Figure
8. The
s
tructu
re
of the
fu
zz
y
c
ontrolle
r
5.
IMPLEME
N
TATION
A
N
D RESULTS
5.1.
I
MPLEMENT
ATIO
N
The
pro
pose
d
FLC
has
bee
n
imple
men
te
d
and
te
ste
d
us
i
ng
S
I
M
U
LI
N
K
(
M
A
TLAB
)
to
a
10
0
-
kW
Gr
i
d
-
C
onnecte
d
P
V
A
rr
a
y
as
sh
ow
n
i
n
Fi
g
ure
11
(
De
ta
il
ed
Mo
del).
A
ste
p
c
ha
ng
e
in
sol
ar
ra
diati
on
a
pp
li
ed
to
assess
t
he
robu
st
ness
of
the
pro
posed
c
ont
ro
ll
er.
I
rr
a
di
at
ion
patte
r
n
is
s
how
n
i
n
Fig
ure
9
,
for
th
e
P
V
model
we
c
hose the
S
UNPO
WER
S
PR
-
305
-
W
HT
as sho
wn in
F
igure
10.
Figure
9
.
I
rr
a
diati
on
patte
rn
Figure
10
.
Arr
ay pr
opriet
ie
s
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694
I
nt J
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ow
Ele
c
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Dr
i
Sy
st
,
Vol.
9
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2018 :
13
8
1
–
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3
89
1386
Figure
11. 1
00
-
kW
gr
i
d
-
c
onne
ct
ed
P
V
a
rr
a
y
5.2. RES
ULTS
The
sim
ulati
on
res
ults
of
t
he
PV
ge
ne
rator
outp
ut
powe
r
a
s
s
how
n
i
n
F
ig
ure
12
,
ope
rati
ng
volt
age
as
sh
ow
n
in
F
ig
ure
13
,
ope
rati
ng
c
urren
t
a
s
s
how
n
i
n
Fi
g
ure
14
,
a
nd
the
du
ty
rati
o
as
s
hown
in
Fig
ur
e
15
a
nd
gr
i
d
vo
lt
age
(
F
igure
16
usi
ng
a
boos
t
c
onve
rter
unde
r
sta
ndar
d
te
st
c
ondi
ti
on
s
has
sho
w
n
that
the
pro
pose
d
FLC
co
ntro
ll
er
sh
ows
bette
r
sta
ti
c
err
or
(1.
62
kW
so
1.6
2/100.7
1=
0.0
16%
)
a
nd
le
ss
Track
i
ng
ti
m
e
error
(less
tha
n
0.0
05s)
co
mp
a
rin
g
to
co
nventio
na
l
M
PP
T
met
hods
see
n
i
n
pr
e
vi
ou
s
resea
rch
a
s
sho
wn
in
Ta
ble
2
[21].
Figure
12. Ge
ne
rator o
utput
powe
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Maxim
um P
ow
er Po
i
nt Track
er U
si
ng F
uz
zy
Logic C
on
tr
oller w
it
h
Red
uc
ed
R
ules
(
Adel
Had
douc
he
)
1387
Figure
13. O
pe
rati
ng volt
age
Figure
14. Gri
d
c
urren
ts
Figure
16
.
Gr
i
d vo
lt
age
Table
2
.
C
omp
ariso
n of Re
su
l
ts
FLC
P&
O
FLC with
redu
ced rules
Tr
acki
n
g
time (S
ec
)
0
.01
8
s
0
.01
5
0
.00
5
s
Static e
rr
o
r
(%
)
0
.25
%
0
.74
%
0
.01
6
%
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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S
N
:
2088
-
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694
I
nt J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
Sy
st
,
Vol.
9
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2018 :
13
8
1
–
1
3
89
1388
6.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
pa
per
pr
e
sents
a
diff
e
re
nt
c
on
t
ro
l
strat
egy
of
M
PP
T
for
t
he
PV
s
yst
em
usi
ng
t
he
FLC
with
a
reduce
d
num
be
r
of
ru
le
s
.
Simulat
ion
res
ults
sho
w
t
hat
t
he
pro
posed
f
uzzy
ca
n
track
the
M
PP
faster
w
hen
com
par
e
d
t
o
the
c
onve
ntional
FLC.
I
n
c
oncl
us
i
on,
the
pro
p
os
ed
MPP
T
us
i
ng
f
uzzy
log
ic
with
8
r
ules
can
impro
ve
t
he
pe
rformance
of
the
s
ys
te
m
a
nd
had
a
bette
r
re
sp
onse
tha
n
a
conve
ntion
al
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
in
te
r
ms
of
the ma
xim
um
powe
r
trac
king
ti
me and stat
ic
erro
r.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Mohame
d
Ami
ne
Abdourraz
iq
and
Mohame
d
Ma
aro
ufi(2017
).
Expe
r
imental
Veri
ficati
on
of
the
Main
MP
PT
Te
chn
ique
s
for
Photovolt
aic
Sys
te
m.
In
te
rna
ti
on
al
Journal
o
f
Pow
er
El
e
ct
ron
ic
s
and
Drive
Sys
tems
(IJP
EDS),
pp.
384
–
391
[2]
Shen,
C
.
L
.
;
Ts
ai
,
C
.
T
.
Doubl
e
-
li
ne
ar
appr
oxi
ma
ti
on
al
gori
th
m
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
ma
xim
u
m
-
powe
r
-
point
tr
ac
king
for
photovol
taic
arr
a
ys.
Ene
rg
ie
s 201
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,
1982
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.
[3]
Yau,
H.T.;
Wu,
C.
H.
Comp
ari
so
n
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r
em
um
-
see
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trol
te
chn
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xim
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m
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r
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ck
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taic
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te
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ie
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[4]
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hi
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l
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h,
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K.
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Mamm
er
i,
A.
(
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A
n
eur
a
l
n
et
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d
MP
PT
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ec
hn
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ro
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taic
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ng
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tem.
I
nte
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er
E
lectr
oni
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ve
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l
am
,
Z
.
A
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ie
w
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m
axi
mu
m
po
wer
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ng
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te
m
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ati
on
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ti
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l
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i
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[6]
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a
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i
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et
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[7]
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,
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;
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erj
e
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thm
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ift
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t
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ouza
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ar
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ari
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e
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erturbat
ion
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ti
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axi
m
um
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ackers f
or
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t
em
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ec
tr
.
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er
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eti,
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.
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h
-
per
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n
ce
a
dapt
iv
e
per
tur
b
and
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MP
PT
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chn
ique
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r
ph
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ase
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ndit
ionnemen
t
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e
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c
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f
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te
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tem
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oce
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ran
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[12]
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t
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otovol
taic
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r
at
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rt
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ert
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te
rna
ti
o
nal
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o
f
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er
El
ectroni
cs
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ystem
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-
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,
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2.
[13]
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,
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;
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.
Model
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olt
aic
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te
m
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r
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-
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ra
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t
ical
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ie
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ew.
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[14]
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lg
R
,
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omm
el
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In
el
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,
Ryss
el
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C
ompa
rison
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fer
ent
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thods
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or
th
e
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am
e
te
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de
te
rm
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ential
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t
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14th
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taic
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In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
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ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Maxim
um P
ow
er Po
i
nt Track
er U
si
ng F
uz
zy
Logic C
on
tr
oller w
it
h
Red
uc
ed
R
ules
(
Adel
Had
douc
he
)
1389
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Haddouc
he
Adel
born
in
Mos
co
w
on
23
Janua
ry
1986.
h
e
re
ce
iv
ed
h
is
ma
ster
d
e
gre
e
in
robo
ti
cs
and
industr
ia
l
co
mput
ing
from
Univer
sity
of
b
adji
Mokhtar
Anna
ba
Alge
ria
in
20
12,
ac
tu
al
ly
he
is
pre
par
ing
his
the
sis
in
orde
r
to
obt
ai
n
a
Ph.
D.
degr
e
e
in
un
ive
rsity
La
rb
i
t
e
bessi
Te
b
essa
Alger
ia.
His
cur
ren
t
r
ese
ar
ch
in
te
rests
inc
lud
e
AI,
Fuzzy
Sys
tem,
Gen
et
i
c
al
go
rit
hm
,
Neur
al
Network,
PS
O
and
Photovolt
aic
mod
el
ing
and
co
ntrol
,
ene
rgy
co
nver
sion
and
po
wer
el
e
ct
ron
ic
s.
He
has
aut
hore
d
and
co
-
aut
hor
ed diffe
ren
t
se
mi
na
r
pape
rs
.
Kara
Moha
mme
d
born
in
Oued
Ze
na
ti
on
20
N
ovem
ber
1959
.
h
e
r
ecei
ved
h
is
P
h.
D.
degr
e
e
i
n
el
e
ct
rom
ec
h
ani
c
al
scie
n
ce
from
Univer
si
ty
of
Badj
i
Mokhtar
Annaba
Alg
eria
in
2007.
sin
ce
1989
he
h
el
d
l
e
ct
uring
posit
ion
s
at
The
L
arb
i
Te
bessi
univ
ersi
ty.
In
2007
he
i
s
gra
du
at
ed
to
S
eni
or
L
ec
tur
er
at
the
sa
me
uni
ver
sity,
he
hel
d
administrative
positi
ons
withi
n
the
unive
rsi
ty
such
as
He
ad
of
Depa
rtment
(m
i
nes
dep
artme
nt
)
from
2009
to
2
011
and
Vi
ce
-
R
ec
tor
of
High
er
Educ
a
ti
on,
Cont
inui
ng
Educ
a
ti
o
n
and
Dip
lom
as
from
2011
to
2016,
nowad
ay
s
he
is
a
Vic
e
-
rec
tor
of
highe
r
educ
a
ti
on,
first
and
sec
ond
cyc
l
e
of
con
ti
nuing
educ
a
ti
on,
dipl
o
ma
s
and
high
er
educ
a
ti
on
in
gr
a
duat
ion
.
His
cur
r
ent
rese
arc
h
in
terests
in
cl
ude
mainte
n
anc
e
and
in
dustria
l
saf
et
y,
Applie
d
Autom
at
ion
And
Indu
stria
l
Di
agnosti
c
.
Dr
Kara
aut
h
ore
d
and
co
-
au
t
hore
d
diff
ere
nt
semi
nar
pap
ers.
Fara
h
Lot
fi
re
ceive
d
the
B.
Eng.
and
Ph.D.
deg
re
es
in
Arabi
c
h
an
d
written
rec
ogn
it
ion
from
the
Univer
sity
of
B
adj
iMokhtar
An
naba
,
Alger
ia
,
i
n
1995
and
200
0,
respe
ct
iv
el
y
.
From
2000
to
2012,
h
e
was
a
Resea
r
ch
As
sociate
wi
th
the
Univer
sity
of
C
her
if
Mess
adia,
Alger
i
a.
He
is
cur
ren
t
ly
a
Res
ea
rch
wi
th
B
ad
ji
Mokhtar
Univ
ersit
y
in
Géni
e
El
e
ct
rom
écani
qu
e
La
bor
at
ory,
Annaba
,
Alg
eria
.
His
cur
r
ent
r
ese
arc
h
intere
sts
i
ncl
ude
AI
,
Fuzz
y
Sys
te
m,
Neur
a
l
Networ
k
and
Photovolt
aic
mo
del
ing
and
cont
r
ol,
en
erg
y
conv
ersion
and
powe
r
el
e
ct
roni
cs.
He
has
aut
hore
d
and
co
-
aut
hor
ed
diffe
r
ent
seminar
pap
ers.
Dr
.
Lot
f
i
serve
s
a
s
a
Rev
ie
wer
f
or
interna
t
iona
l
journa
ls
in
his
re
sea
rch
field,
AI
such
as
Journa
l of
Comput
er
Sci
enc
e
USA
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