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p
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b
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p
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h
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tec
h
n
iq
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se
f
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l
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ly
.
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lso
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it
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m
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to
th
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m
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it
h
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p
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n
lo
o
p
c
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n
tr
o
l
is
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ti
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z
e
d
.
K
ey
w
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d
:
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m
o
n
ic
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v
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s
ter
P
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m
an
a
g
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m
en
t
R
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ten
n
a
R
ec
ti
f
ier
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w
itc
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ed
co
n
tr
o
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Co
p
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rig
h
t
©
201
8
In
s
t
it
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
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c
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d
E
n
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Al
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rig
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C
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:
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E
n
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in
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I
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s
tit
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m
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Dee
p
a
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r
s
.
ee
e1
4
@
itb
h
u
.
ac
.
in
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
R
ec
en
t
l
y
,
R
ec
te
n
n
a
d
ev
ice
s
ar
e
g
ai
n
i
n
g
a
lo
t
o
f
a
tten
tio
n
b
y
b
o
th
ac
ad
e
m
ia
a
n
d
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
[
1
]
–
[
3
]
.
I
n
th
e
R
ec
te
n
n
a
,
R
F
-
D
C
p
o
w
er
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
lo
ad
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ter
m
in
a
l;
a
t
th
e
m
a
tch
i
n
g
lo
ad
r
esis
tan
ce
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
is
m
a
x
i
m
al
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
Un
f
o
r
tu
n
atel
y
,
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
u
n
its
lik
e
a
r
ec
h
ar
g
ea
b
le
b
atter
y
o
r
s
u
p
er
ca
p
ac
ito
r
d
o
n
o
t
h
av
e
v
o
ltag
e/
c
u
r
r
en
t
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
a
r
esis
to
r
.
An
d
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
R
ec
ten
n
a
f
o
r
b
atter
y
ch
ar
g
in
g
o
r
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
ap
p
licatio
n
w
ith
m
a
x
i
m
al
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
is
a
ch
alle
n
g
i
n
g
ta
s
k
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le
,
P
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
an
d
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
s
te
m
al
s
o
r
eq
u
ir
e
a
m
atc
h
i
n
g
lo
ad
r
esis
ta
n
ce
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d
th
eir
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
(
MP
PP
T
)
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
o
l
v
in
g
lo
ad
m
atc
h
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
R
e
cten
n
a
o
p
er
ates
at
v
er
y
lo
w
p
o
w
er
le
v
els
(
t
y
p
icall
y
R
ec
te
n
n
a
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
i
n
m
ill
w
att
s
)
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
s
u
ch
MP
PT
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
n
o
t
s
u
it
ab
le
in
R
ec
te
n
n
a,
w
h
ich
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
h
ig
h
-
p
o
w
er
o
v
er
h
ea
d
o
f
co
m
p
lex
co
n
tr
o
l
cir
cu
itr
y
.
W
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
R
ec
ten
n
a
p
o
w
er
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
e
t
h
at
is
co
m
p
atib
le,
co
s
t
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
an
d
ad
ap
tiv
e.
A
ls
o
,
it
m
u
s
t
b
e
as
s
i
m
p
le
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
o
t
h
at
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
cir
cu
it
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
to
a
f
e
w
m
icr
o
w
att
s
[
8
]
.
R
e
s
is
ta
n
ce
e
m
u
latio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
i
n
[
9
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
lo
w
b
u
r
d
en
co
n
tr
o
l
cir
cu
it
an
d
f
o
u
n
d
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
tin
g
f
r
o
m
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
lo
w
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
s
;
th
i
s
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
w
as
f
ir
s
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
1
0
]
u
s
i
n
g
a
b
u
c
k
co
n
v
er
ter
a
n
d
in
[
1
1
]
u
s
i
n
g
a
f
l
y
b
ac
k
co
n
v
er
ter
.
E
ar
lier
th
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
f
a
cto
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
;
it
in
v
o
lv
e
s
DC
-
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
w
it
h
a
s
i
m
p
le
co
n
tr
o
l
s
w
itc
h
o
p
er
atin
g
i
n
d
is
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
c
u
r
r
en
t
m
o
d
e
(
DC
M)
.
I
n
t
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
w
i
ll
co
n
tr
o
l
av
er
ag
e
i
n
p
u
t
r
es
is
ta
n
ce
,
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
w
i
th
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
;
a
m
atch
in
g
lo
a
d
r
esis
tan
ce
ca
n
b
e
r
ea
lized
by
t
h
e
s
to
r
ag
e
ele
m
en
t a
t th
e
o
u
tp
u
t te
r
m
i
n
al.
T
y
p
icall
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
R
F
r
ec
ti
f
ier
i
s
(
5
0
-
7
0
%);
th
er
e
ar
e
lo
s
s
es
d
u
e
to
d
io
d
e
o
h
m
ic
lo
s
s
an
d
n
o
n
-
r
ec
tifie
d
s
ig
n
al
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
.
Du
e
to
s
i
n
g
le
p
h
ase
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
d
io
d
e
n
o
n
lin
e
ar
it
y
,
th
e
r
ec
ti
f
ied
s
ig
n
al
s
co
n
tai
n
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
d
esire
d
DC
s
ig
n
al
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
a
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
h
ar
v
est
in
g
cir
cu
it
th
at
w
il
l
r
e
-
r
ec
ti
f
y
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
as
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
1
3
]
w
ill
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
R
F
-
DC
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
ef
f
i
cien
c
y
.
R
ec
te
n
n
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
Hig
h
E
fficien
cy
Ha
r
mo
n
ic
Ha
r
ve
s
ter R
ec
ten
n
a
fo
r
E
n
erg
y
S
to
r
a
g
e
A
p
p
lica
tio
n
(
Dee
p
a
k
K
u
ma
r
)
253
u
tili
zi
n
g
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
h
ar
v
e
s
ter
w
il
l
h
a
v
e
t
w
o
o
u
tp
u
t
ter
m
in
al
s
,
o
n
e
f
o
r
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
s
ig
n
al
r
ec
tif
ier
o
u
tp
u
t
a
n
d
o
th
er
is
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
r
ec
tif
ier
o
u
tp
u
t
[
1
3
]
.
Har
m
o
n
ics
h
ar
v
es
ter
R
ec
ten
n
a
w
it
h
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
t
al
r
ec
tif
ier
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
(
V1
)
an
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
r
e
ctif
ier
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
(
V
HH)
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
.
W
e
h
av
e
to
k
ee
p
i
n
m
i
n
d
th
at
b
o
th
r
ec
tif
ier
o
u
tp
u
t
ter
m
i
n
als
h
av
e
t
h
eir
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
m
atc
h
in
g
lo
ad
r
esis
tan
ce
.
He
r
e
ea
ch
r
ec
tif
ier
ar
e
in
d
iv
id
u
all
y
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
its
m
atch
in
g
lo
ad
r
esis
tan
ce
s
;
t
h
is
co
n
d
itio
n
is
cr
iticall
y
n
e
ed
ed
f
o
r
ass
o
ciate
d
m
ax
i
m
a
l
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
.
C
o
m
p
le
m
en
tar
y
P
u
l
s
ed
M
o
d
e
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
is
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til
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to
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t
h
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g
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al
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ep
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atc
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atter
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1
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]
.
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ch
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ter
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in
al
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[
1
4
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T
h
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ar
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ester
R
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ap
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Fig
u
r
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1
.
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ics
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ar
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e
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ter
R
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ten
n
a
at
2
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5
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t
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d
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m
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ier
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1
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ic
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t
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HH
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,
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e
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ier
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m
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ter
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t
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ter
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e
t
w
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ch
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r
m
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s
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H
ARM
O
NIC H
ARVES
T
E
R
RE
CT
E
NN
A
Har
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h
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ter
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n
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h
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n
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in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
A
p
r
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er
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m
p
ed
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ce
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atch
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et
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M1
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eq
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ir
ed
to
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atc
h
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e
ctif
ier
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s
i
m
p
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an
ce
w
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h
5
0
Oh
m
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
l
in
e.
A
s
t
h
e
r
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ti
f
ied
s
i
g
n
al
h
a
s
DC
co
m
p
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e
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ts
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n
d
h
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m
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s
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r
L
1
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n
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o
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n
t
h
e
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n
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at
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n
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M2
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h
e
r
e
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r
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ti
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icat
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p
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co
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d
v
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T
h
e
DC
o
u
tp
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t
af
ter
r
e
-
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tif
icatio
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o
f
h
ar
m
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ig
n
al
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t V
HH
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R
ec
ten
n
a
w
it
h
h
ar
m
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s
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ar
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ester
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m
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lated
in
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g
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s
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v
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ce
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te
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.
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d
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m
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r
eq
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m
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ce
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s
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F
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h
as
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m
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m
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3
4
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,
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4
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=
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b
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(
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I
M
1
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M
2
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2
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M
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H
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
i S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
8
:
252
–
2
5
9
254
h
as
a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
i.e
.
m
1
;
at
t
h
e
lo
ad
o
f
6
6
6
.
7
Ω
.
I
n
th
is
w
o
r
k
,
f
ir
s
t,
t
h
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
h
ar
v
e
s
ter
r
ec
ten
n
a
is
s
i
m
u
lated
co
n
s
id
e
r
in
g
r
esis
tiv
e
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
j
u
s
t
to
f
i
n
d
m
atch
in
g
lo
ad
r
esi
s
tan
ce
.
F
u
r
th
er
,
t
h
e
r
esis
ta
n
ce
s
w
ill
b
e
r
ep
lace
d
b
y
a
b
atter
y
a
n
d
i
n
b
et
w
ee
n
p
o
w
er
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
cir
cu
itr
y
to
r
ea
lize
m
a
x
i
m
al
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
t
h
e
b
atter
y
o
r
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
ce
ll.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
P
o
w
er
v
er
s
u
s
r
e
s
is
ti
v
e
lo
ad
f
o
r
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
r
e
ctif
ier
(
P
1
)
an
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ics r
ec
ti
f
ier
(
P
HH
)
3.
HA
RM
O
NIC H
ARVES
T
E
R
RE
CT
E
NN
A
P
O
WE
R
M
ANAG
E
M
E
NT
CIR
CUI
T
F
O
R
B
AT
T
E
RY
CH
AR
G
I
NG
Har
m
o
n
ic
Har
v
e
s
ter
R
ec
ten
n
a
f
o
r
B
atter
y
C
h
ar
g
i
n
g
o
r
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
ap
p
licatio
n
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
3
.
A
r
ec
te
n
n
a
w
i
ll
d
eli
v
er
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
o
n
l
y
if
a
m
atc
h
in
g
lo
ad
r
esis
ta
n
ce
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
r
ec
ten
n
a
f
o
r
b
atter
y
ch
ar
g
in
g
cr
iticall
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n
ee
d
ed
a
p
o
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er
m
an
ag
e
m
e
n
t
cir
cu
it
i
n
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et
w
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n
to
co
n
tr
o
l
av
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ag
e
lo
ad
cu
r
r
en
t.
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r
b
atter
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g
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r
m
a
x
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m
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m
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an
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e
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er
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g
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r
r
en
t
is
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n
tr
o
lled
s
u
ch
th
at
it
r
ese
m
b
le
s
a
m
atc
h
in
g
r
esis
ti
v
e
lo
ad
s
itu
atio
n
.
I
t
is
ca
lled
R
esis
ta
n
ce
E
m
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e,
an
d
w
i
th
s
i
m
p
le
d
is
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
m
o
d
e
c
u
r
r
en
t c
o
n
tr
o
l (
DC
M)
,
th
e
lo
ad
r
esis
ta
n
ce
o
f
th
e
d
es
ir
ed
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alu
e
ca
n
b
e
r
ea
lized
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Har
m
o
n
ic
h
ar
v
ester
r
ec
ten
n
a
f
o
r
b
atter
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c
h
ar
g
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h
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te
m
e
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f
icie
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r
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i
m
p
r
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tili
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n
g
h
ar
m
o
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ics
r
e
-
r
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f
ier
.
Fo
r
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
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n
ta
l
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ec
tif
ier
P
1
m
a
x
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m
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m
a
n
d
f
o
r
Har
m
o
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ic
Har
v
e
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ter
P
HH
m
a
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m
u
m
,
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d
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e
m
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m
u
m
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o
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er
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r
o
m
th
e
t
w
o
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ec
ti
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ier
s
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
to
th
e
b
atter
y
n
ee
d
ed
.
T
h
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
er
e
u
tili
z
ed
,
th
e
t
w
o
r
ec
tif
ier
s
in
ter
f
ac
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
w
itc
h
es
a
n
d
ea
ch
s
w
itc
h
is
p
u
ls
ed
m
o
d
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
w
it
h
a
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
s
u
c
h
th
at
th
eir
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
a
v
er
ag
e
lo
a
d
cu
r
r
en
t
i
s
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
.
An
in
te
g
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ated
B
u
c
k
-
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o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
w
ill
in
cr
ea
s
e
ch
ar
g
ea
b
le
b
atter
y
v
o
ltag
e
r
an
g
e.
3
.
1
.
Circ
uit
t
o
po
l
o
g
y
T
h
e
m
atc
h
i
n
g
lo
ad
r
esis
ta
n
ce
f
o
r
in
d
iv
id
u
al
r
ec
tif
ier
s
w
o
u
ld
d
ec
id
e
th
e
r
esis
to
r
em
u
lati
o
n
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
e
m
e.
No
w
c
ir
cu
itr
y
o
p
er
atio
n
h
a
s
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
,
it
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
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tr
an
s
f
er
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in
g
m
ax
i
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u
m
e
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er
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r
o
m
R
F
s
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ce
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es
i
s
t
a
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c
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er
(
mW
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HH
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1
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r
=
2
.
2
0
7
mW
R
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s
i
s
tan
c
e
=
1
0
0
2
.
3
4
Ω
m1
P
o
w
e
r
=
2
.
6
5
2
mW
R
e
s
i
s
tan
c
e
=
6
6
6
.
7
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R
F
S
o
u
r
c
e
Z
=
5
0
O
h
m
F
r
e
q
=
2
.
4
5
G
H
z
P
=
d
b
m
t
o
w
(
P
i
n
)
R
e
c
t
i
f
i
e
r
H
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
R
e
c
t
i
f
i
e
r
F
i
l
t
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r
P
H
H
M
a
x
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m
u
m
P
1
M
a
x
i
m
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m
S
w
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t
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d
C
o
n
t
r
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l
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a
n
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g
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m
e
n
t
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
C
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
V
H
H
V
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
Hig
h
E
fficien
cy
Ha
r
mo
n
ic
Ha
r
ve
s
ter R
ec
ten
n
a
fo
r
E
n
erg
y
S
to
r
a
g
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A
p
p
lica
tio
n
(
Dee
p
a
k
K
u
ma
r
)
255
to
th
e
b
atter
y
.
T
h
e
cir
cu
it
to
p
o
lo
g
y
o
f
F
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
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ec
tif
ie
r
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d
a
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ar
m
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ic
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ier
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th
e
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ter
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i
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ter
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r
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tch
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g
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ated
w
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e
b
u
ck
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b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
4.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
V
1
,
V
HH
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
I
1
,
I
HH
.
F
o
r
f
ast
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
an
d
co
s
t
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
o
p
er
atio
n
,
Mo
s
f
et
w
it
h
lo
w
on
-
r
e
s
is
ta
n
ce
is
s
u
itab
le.
T
h
e
t
w
o
i
n
p
u
ts
ar
e
in
ter
f
ac
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
o
r
w
ar
d
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
s
w
itc
h
es
w
il
l s
h
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
in
d
u
cto
r
an
d
an
o
u
tp
u
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
ar
e
V
out
an
d
I
out
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Fu
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
r
ec
ti
f
ie
r
o
u
tp
u
t a
n
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
r
ec
ti
f
ie
r
o
u
tp
u
t a
r
e
in
ter
f
ac
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
w
itch
e
s
in
te
g
r
ated
w
i
th
b
u
c
k
-
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
4.
B
UCK
-
B
O
O
ST
CO
NVERT
E
R
SW
I
T
CH
I
N
G
(
DCM
M
O
DE
)
AND
ANA
L
YS
I
S
Du
al
in
p
u
t
b
u
ck
-
b
o
o
s
t
to
p
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lo
g
y
s
w
i
tch
in
g
s
ch
e
m
e
is
s
h
o
wn
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
.
S
w
itc
h
es
Q
1
a
n
d
Q
HH
is
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
i
n
a
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
p
u
ls
ed
m
o
d
e
w
it
h
a
lo
w
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
p
u
ls
ed
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
‘
k
’
an
d
‘
1
-
k
’
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
f
o
r
p
er
io
d
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LF
’
.
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h
e
i
n
d
u
cto
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r
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en
t
w
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e
f
o
r
m
is
o
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er
atin
g
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n
D
C
M
w
it
h
o
n
ti
m
e
t
1
an
d
co
n
s
ta
n
t
f
r
eq
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e
n
c
y
‘
1
/T
HF
’
.
I
n
th
i
s
ca
s
e,
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
lo
ad
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esis
tan
ce
r
ea
lized
(
em
u
lated
r
esis
ta
n
ce
)
f
o
r
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
r
ec
ti
f
ier
is
V
1
d
iv
id
ed
b
y
t
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
I
1
an
d
f
o
r
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
r
ec
ti
f
ier
is
V
HH
d
i
v
i
d
ed
b
y
t
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
v
alu
e
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
t
I
HH
,
g
i
v
en
b
y
eq
u
atio
n
3
an
d
6
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
〈
1
〉
=
1
1
2
×
(
1
−
)
(
1
)
1
=
1
.
1
(
2
)
(
1
)
=
1
〈
1
〉
=
2
1
2
(
1
−
)
(
3
)
〈
〉
=
_
1
2
×
(
)
(
4
)
_
=
.
1
(
5
)
(
)
=
〈
〉
=
2
1
2
(
6
)
Fro
m
th
e
e
m
u
lated
r
esis
ta
n
ce
eq
u
atio
n
,
w
e
ca
n
n
o
tice
t
h
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
v
ar
iab
le
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
t
1
an
d
k
ca
n
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
by
t
h
e
d
esire
d
v
alu
e
o
f
a
v
er
ag
e
c
u
r
r
en
t.
T
h
e
t
w
o
v
ar
iab
le
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
ar
e
n
o
t
lin
k
ed
an
d
u
s
e
f
u
l
b
y
u
s
er
s
i
n
tu
n
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
f
o
r
m
atc
h
i
n
g
lo
ad
,
an
d
it
is
also
p
r
o
m
o
te
o
p
er
atin
g
r
an
g
e.
Fo
r
th
e
b
atter
y
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
ap
p
licatio
n
,
t
h
e
b
e
n
ef
it
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
t
w
o
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
co
n
tr
o
lled
s
w
itc
h
i
s
t
h
at
m
u
l
tip
le
av
er
ag
e
lo
ad
r
esis
ta
n
ce
ca
n
b
e
r
ea
lized
b
y
s
i
m
p
l
y
v
ar
y
in
g
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
a
s
g
i
v
en
in
eq
u
at
io
n
3
a
n
d
6
,
an
d
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
p
u
l
s
ed
m
o
d
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
m
ax
i
m
al
e
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
ti
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
r
ec
tif
ier
as
w
ell
a
s
a
Har
m
o
n
ic
r
ec
tif
ier
.
V
1
V
H
H
I
H
H
I
1
I
L
=
I
L
1
+
I
L
_
H
H
+
-
P
o
w
e
r
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
I
o
u
t
V
o
u
t
Q
1
Q
H
H
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
i S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
8
:
252
–
2
5
9
256
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Hig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
p
er
i
o
d
(
T
HF
)
an
d
lo
w
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
p
er
io
d
(
T
LF
)
,
Du
r
atio
n
o
f
p
u
l
s
e
d
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
s
w
itc
h
Q
1
is
k
T
L
F
an
d
Q
HH
i
s
(
1
-
k
)
T
L
F
,
in
d
u
c
to
r
cu
r
r
en
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
in
f
i
x
ed
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
D
C
M
w
it
h
o
n
ti
m
e
t
1
an
d
o
f
f
ti
m
e
t
2
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
t
w
o
r
ec
tif
ier
s
is
t
u
n
ed
u
p
to
n
ea
r
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
s
f
r
o
m
o
p
ti
m
ized
s
i
m
u
latio
n
in
A
D
S
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
A
t
1
0
d
B
m
in
p
u
t
p
o
w
er
R
F
s
o
u
r
ce
,
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
v
al
u
es
o
f
m
atc
h
in
g
lo
ad
r
esis
ta
n
ce
f
o
r
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
a
n
d
h
ar
m
o
n
i
c
s
r
ec
ti
f
ier
s
ar
e
R
(
1
)
ma
tch=
1
0
0
2
.
3
4
Ω
an
d
R
(
HH
)
match
=6
6
6
.
7
Ω
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
ese
v
al
u
es
ar
e
cr
iticall
y
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
p
r
ac
tical
cir
cu
it d
esig
n
.
5.
H
ARDWA
R
E
F
AB
RICA
T
I
O
N
T
ab
le
1
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
Mo
d
el
a
n
d
Sp
ec
if
icat
io
n
C
o
mp
o
n
e
n
t
M
o
d
e
l
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
M
O
S
F
ET
(N
-
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
)
I
R
F
Z
4
4
R
D
S(
on)
=
0
.
0
2
8
Ω
Q
g
=
6
7
n
C
C
os
s
=
9
2
0
p
F
S
u
r
f
a
c
e
mo
u
n
t
m
i
c
r
o
w
a
v
e
sch
o
t
t
k
y
mi
x
e
r
d
i
o
d
e
s
H
S
M
S
-
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n
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1
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s
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R
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te
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n
a
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m
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tal
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ar
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p
r
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f
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m
u
lt
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t
p
o
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lev
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s
.
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h
e
p
r
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s
ed
t
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h
n
iq
u
e
p
r
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v
id
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a
s
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m
p
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s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
lo
w
p
o
w
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g
y
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
w
it
h
m
a
x
i
m
al
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
W
e
w
o
u
ld
lik
e
to
th
a
n
k
all
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
w
it
h
th
e
I
n
d
ia
n
I
n
s
t
it
u
te
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
B
HU
f
o
r
th
eir
all
-
o
u
t
ef
f
o
r
t to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t u
s
f
o
r
co
m
p
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tin
g
th
i
s
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ch
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
[1
]
P
.
Nin
tan
a
v
o
n
g
sa
,
U.
M
u
n
c
u
k
,
D.
R.
L
e
w
i
s,
a
n
d
K.
R.
Ch
o
w
d
h
u
ry
,
“
De
sig
n
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
a
n
d
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
f
o
r
RF
En
e
rg
y
H
a
rv
e
stin
g
Circu
it
s,”
IEE
E
J
.
Eme
rg
.
S
e
l.
T
o
p
.
Circ
u
it
s S
y
st.
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
4
–
3
3
,
M
a
r.
2
0
1
2
.
[2
]
[2
]
V
.
M
a
rian
,
B
.
A
ll
a
rd
,
C.
V
o
ll
a
ir
e
,
a
n
d
J.
V
e
rd
ier,
“
S
trate
g
y
f
o
r
m
icro
w
a
v
e
e
n
e
rg
y
h
a
rv
e
stin
g
f
ro
m
a
m
b
ien
t
f
ield
o
r
a
f
e
e
d
in
g
so
u
rc
e
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
4
4
8
1
–
4
4
9
1
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
1
2
.
[3
]
[3
]
O.
Niz
h
n
ik
,
“
GL
OB
AL
HI
G
H
-
P
OW
ER
REC
T
ENN
A
S
I
T
E
S
EL
ECT
ION
,
”
En
e
rg
y
Res
.
J
o
u
rn
a
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
2
–
1
9
,
2
0
1
2
.
[4
]
[4
]
D.
Ku
m
a
r
a
n
d
K.
Ch
a
u
d
h
a
ry
,
“
H
ig
h
-
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
re
c
ten
n
a
d
e
sig
n
f
o
r
sa
telli
te
so
lar
p
o
w
e
r
sta
ti
o
n
,
”
in
2
0
1
6
IEE
E
Utta
r
Pra
d
e
sh
S
e
c
ti
o
n
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
E
lec
trica
l,
Co
mp
u
ter
a
n
d
El
e
c
t
ro
n
ics
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
UPCON)
,
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
5
4
6
–
5
5
0
.
[5
]
[5
]
G
.
K.
Ottm
a
n
,
H.
.
Ho
f
fm
a
n
,
a
n
d
G
.
A
.
L
e
si
e
u
tre,
“
Op
ti
m
ize
d
P
i
e
z
o
e
lec
tri
c
En
e
rg
y
Ha
rv
e
stin
g
Circu
it
Us
in
g
S
tep
-
d
o
w
n
Co
n
v
e
rter
in
Disc
o
n
t
in
o
u
s
Co
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
d
e
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
6
9
6
–
7
0
3
,
2
0
0
2
.
[6
]
[6
]
M
.
A
.
A
b
d
o
u
rra
z
i
q
a
n
d
M
.
M
a
a
ro
u
f
i,
“
Ex
p
e
rim
e
n
tal
V
e
rif
ica
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
M
a
i
n
M
P
P
T
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic S
y
ste
m
,
”
In
t.
J
.
Po
w
e
r E
lec
tro
n
.
Dr
ive
S
y
st.
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
8
4
–
3
9
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[7
]
[7
]
R.
A
li
k
,
A
.
Ju
so
h
,
a
n
d
T
.
S
u
ti
k
n
o
,
“
A
S
tu
d
y
o
f
S
h
a
d
in
g
Eff
e
c
t
o
n
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
M
o
d
u
les
w
it
h
P
ro
p
o
se
d
P
&
O
Ch
e
c
k
in
g
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
,
”
In
t.
J
.
P
o
w
e
r E
lec
tro
n
.
Dr
ive
S
y
st.
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
9
–
4
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[8
]
[8
]
H.
Ja
b
b
a
r,
S
.
M
e
m
b
e
r,
Y.
S
.
S
.
M
e
m
b
e
r,
a
n
d
T
.
T
.
Je
o
n
g
,
“
RF
En
e
rg
y
Ha
rv
e
stin
g
S
y
ste
m
a
n
d
Circu
it
s
f
o
r
Ch
a
rg
in
g
o
f
M
o
b
il
e
De
v
ice
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Co
n
su
m.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
5
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
4
7
–
2
5
3
,
2
0
1
0
.
[9
]
[9
]
T
.
P
a
in
g
,
J
.
S
h
in
,
R.
Zan
e
,
a
n
d
Z.
P
o
p
o
v
ic,
“
Re
sisto
r
e
m
u
latio
n
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
t
o
l
o
w
-
p
o
w
e
r
RF
e
n
e
rg
y
h
a
rv
e
stin
g
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
4
9
4
–
1
5
0
1
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
0
]
E.
L
e
f
e
u
v
r
e
,
D.
A
u
d
ig
ier,
C.
Ric
h
a
rd
,
a
n
d
D.
G
u
y
o
m
a
r,
“
Bu
c
k
-
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
se
n
so
rles
s
p
o
w
e
r
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
p
iez
o
e
lec
tri
c
e
n
e
rg
y
h
a
rv
e
ste
r,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
0
1
8
–
2
0
2
5
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
1
]
A
.
Ka
s
y
a
p
e
t
a
l.
,
“
En
e
rg
y
re
c
la
m
a
ti
o
n
f
ro
m
a
v
ib
ra
ti
n
g
p
iez
o
c
e
ra
m
ic
c
o
m
p
o
site
b
e
a
m
,
”
in
Pro
c
.
9
th
In
t.
Co
n
g
r.
S
o
u
n
d
Vi
b
r.
(
ICS
V9
)
,
2
0
0
2
.
[1
2
]
Z.
L
iu
,
Z.
Zh
o
n
g
,
a
n
d
Y.
X.
Gu
o
,
“
In
term
o
d
u
lati
o
n
h
a
rv
e
stin
g
re
c
ti
f
i
e
r
d
e
sig
n
f
o
r
h
ig
h
e
f
f
i
c
ie
n
c
y
m
u
lt
i
-
sin
e
w
irele
ss
p
o
w
e
r
tran
s
f
e
r,
”
IEE
E
M
T
T
-
S
I
n
t.
M
icr
o
w.
S
y
mp
.
Dig
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
1
6
–
A
u
g
u
s,
n
o
.
c
,
p
p
.
4
–
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
3
]
S
.
L
a
d
a
n
,
S
.
M
e
m
b
e
r,
a
n
d
K.
Wu
,
“
No
n
li
n
e
a
r
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
Ha
r
m
o
n
ic
Re
c
y
c
li
n
g
o
f
M
il
li
m
e
ter
-
W
a
v
e
Re
c
ti
f
ier
Circu
it
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
M
icr
o
w.
T
h
e
o
ry
T
e
c
h
.
,
v
o
l.
6
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
–
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
4
]
B.
G
.
D
o
b
b
s
a
n
d
P
.
L
.
Ch
a
p
m
a
n
,
“
A
m
u
lt
ip
le
-
in
p
u
t
DC
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
,
”
IEE
E
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l
.
9
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
6
2
–
8
6
8
,
2
0
0
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
Hig
h
E
fficien
cy
Ha
r
mo
n
ic
Ha
r
ve
s
ter R
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ten
n
a
fo
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y
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to
r
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A
p
p
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tio
n
(
Dee
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)
259
B
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RAP
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AUTH
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r.
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.