In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
11, N
o.
1, Mar
ch 20
20,
p
p.
515~
5
2
2
IS
S
N
: 2088-
86
94,
D
O
I
:
10.11
59
1
/ij
ped
s
.
v11
.
i
1.pp
5
15-
52
2
515
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
j
p
eds.i
a
esco
re
.com
Symmetrical high voltage gain
half-bridge inverter based
double-Y-source netwo
r
ks wit
h reduced voltage stress
Hu
ssain
S
aye
d
, Od
ay A
. A
hmad
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h
a
r
i
Y
.
Mah
m
ood
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Kan
aan
A
. Jal
a
l
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Waleed H. H
abeeb
De
p
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rtme
nt
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l
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ric
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ng
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g
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o
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gh
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ra
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ABSTRACT
A
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o
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e
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i
v
e
d
Dec
1
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,
2
018
Re
vise
d Mar
1,
201
9
A
c
c
e
pte
d
J
u
l
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,
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A
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ta
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ym
me
tr
ic
a
l
h
ig
h
v
o
l
t
a
g
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g
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in
h
a
l
f-b
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ge
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B
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C-
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C
c
o
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e
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rop
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t
hi
s
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sin
g
t
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ce
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e
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ey
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r
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re
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ti
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zed
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ro
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ose
d
t
op
olo
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ngle
s
t
ag
e
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v
e
rt
e
r
w
i
t
h
very
h
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gh
vo
ltag
e
g
a
i
n
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om
pared
to
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on
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tio
nal
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nv
e
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te
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o
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s
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i
s
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ibuted
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ks,
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tw
o
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ces
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re
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or
t
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u
rt
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ore,
i
mpo
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o
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h
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t
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urrent
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n
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m
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trical
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ax
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p
s
t
o
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t
h
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o
rk
c
o
r
es
from
reach
in
g
the
sa
t
u
rati
on
sta
t
e.
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nd
the
l
a
st
c
ompell
ing
f
eature
is
a
v
irtua
l
n
eut
r
a
l
p
oint
f
or
t
he
lo
ad
c
onn
ecti
o
n
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rite
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in
t
h
e
p
ro
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se
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do
uble
Y-sou
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e
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pe
d
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nce
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ks
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o
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ert
e
r
with
n
o
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f
o
r
D
C-Li
nk
cap
acito
rs.
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o
r
l
o
w
v
o
l
t
age
s
ources
s
u
ch
a
s
ph
ot
ov
olt
a
ic
(
PV)
and
f
u
el
c
ell
,
t
he
c
on
verter
i
s
des
i
g
n
ed
t
o
a
chiev
e
con
t
i
nuo
us
i
np
u
t
c
u
r
ren
t
o
p
e
ration.
T
he
operat
i
o
n
m
odes
an
d
p
r
i
nciples
of
th
e
i
nvert
er
a
re
a
n
a
ly
zed
a
n
d
d
is
cus
s
ed
d
eep
ly
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
aper.
A
d
e
t
a
i
l
e
d
m
a
th
ematical
e
q
u
ati
o
n
s
s
yst
e
m
i
s
d
eriv
ed
a
nd
v
erif
ied
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
res
e
nt
ed
con
v
ert
e
r.
F
in
ally,
PS
pi
ce
sim
u
l
a
ti
on
t
o
o
l
s
are
u
s
ed
t
o
sim
u
lat
e
the
co
nv
erter
an
d v
e
ri
f
y
t
h
e
de
r
ived
ma
t
h
e
mat
i
cal f
or
mu
las.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
Cou
p
l
ed
i
n
duc
ta
nce
Half
-
b
ridge DC-AC converter
H
i
g
h
vo
l
t
a
ge
g
a
i
n i
n
verter
Le
ak
ag
e
i
ndu
ct
an
c
e
Volt
age
stress
Y-so
u
r
ce
i
mp
e
d
an
c
e
Th
is
is a
n
o
p
en acces
s a
r
ti
cle u
n
d
e
r t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-S
A
li
cens
e
.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Hussai
n
S
ayed
,
D
e
pa
rtme
nt
o
f
El
e
c
t
rica
l
Eng
i
ne
eri
ng,
Uni
v
ersi
ty o
f
Tech
no
l
o
g
y
-B
agh
d
a
d
,
Ir
aq
A
l
umn
i
Me
m
b
e
r of U
niversi
t
y of
A
rka
n
sa
s
at
L
itt
le R
oc
k,
Li
ttle
R
o
c
k
,
Arkan
s
a
s
,
U
n
ite
d
S
t
ates
Em
ail:
hksa
y
e
d
@
u
a
l
r.
edu
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
Re
ne
w
a
b
l
e
en
e
r
gy
reso
urc
e
s
suc
h
a
s
ph
ot
o
v
o
l
t
a
ic,
w
i
n
d
t
ur
bine
s,
a
n
d
f
u
e
l
c
e
l
l
s
a
r
e
w
i
d
e
l
y
b
e
i
n
g
dem
a
nde
d
w
o
rldw
i
d
e
.
T
he
m
aximum
s
u
p
p
ly
vol
ta
ge
b
y
thos
e
resourc
e
s
i
s
l
o
w
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
A
C
p
o
w
e
r
g
r
i
d
vo
lta
ge
s
t
a
nda
rds.
T
he
o
u
t
pu
t
v
o
lta
ge
a
l
s
o
c
h
an
ges
ac
c
o
rdi
n
g
to
w
e
a
t
h
e
r
p
e
n
e
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
S
o
t
h
a
t
,
w
i
d
e
r
a
n
g
e
in
put
v
ol
ta
ge
D
C-A
C
p
ow
e
r
c
on
ver
t
e
r
s
w
i
th
h
i
g
h
v
o
lta
g
e
g
a
i
n
a
r
e
n
ee
de
d
for
c
l
e
a
n
e
ne
rg
y
ap
pl
ica
t
i
o
ns.
Con
v
e
n
ti
ona
l
vo
l
t
age
so
urce
i
n
v
erter
s
(
ha
lf
a
n
d
f
u
l
l
br
id
ge
c
on
v
e
rt
e
r
s)
a
re
n
ot
p
ro
mi
si
ng
t
opo
l
o
g
i
e
s
f
or
rene
w
a
ble
ene
r
gy a
p
p
lica
t
i
on
be
cau
se
the
y h
a
ve
n
o
v
o
l
t
a
ge
g
a
i
n
i
n
b
as
ic
o
pera
tin
g pr
inc
i
ple
s
.
H
i
g
h
v
ol
t
a
ge
g
ai
n
inve
rt
e
r
s
w
e
r
e
p
rop
o
se
d
base
d
on
usin
g
d
i
ffe
r
ent
s
ource
i
m
p
eda
n
c
e
con
f
ig
ura
tio
ns
a
s
e
x
p
l
ore
d
i
n
ne
x
t
.
I
n
[
1],
a
fu
ll-br
id
ge
s
i
n
g
l
e-p
h
a
s
e
in
v
e
r
t
e
r
w
as
p
r
opose
d
u
s
i
n
g
Z
-s
ourc
e
i
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e.
T
he
c
on
ve
rt
e
r
c
on
si
s
t
s
o
f
f
o
u
r
s
wi
t
c
hi
ng
d
e
v
ice
s
w
it
h
a
Z-s
ourc
e
i
mpe
d
an
ce
t
o
ac
h
i
eve
h
i
g
h
vo
lta
ge
g
a
i
n
w
ith
t
he
d
isc
o
nt
inu
o
u
s
i
npu
t
cu
r
r
ent.
R
efere
n
c
e
[
2
]
pro
pose
d
a
s
w
i
t
c
he
d-b
o
o
s
t
s
ing
l
e
p
h
as
e
H
B
in
verter
u
s
i
ng
t
w
o
Z
-so
u
rc
e
i
m
peda
nce
n
e
tw
orks.
In
a
d
d
it
io
n
to
t
h
e
vo
lta
ge
g
a
i
n
li
m
i
t
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Z-sour
c
e
impe
da
nce
i
nve
rters
(the
m
a
x
im
um
o
u
t
pu
t
gai
n
e
d
v
o
l
tage
i
s
e
q
ual
t
o
tw
ice
i
t
s
i
n
pu
t
to
t
he
Z
-ne
t
w
o
rk
)
,
t
w
o
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
11,
N
o.
1
, Ma
r
202
0
:
515
–
52
2
51
6
add
i
tio
na
l
D
C
-Lin
k
ca
pac
i
t
o
rs
a
r
e
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ee
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for
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h
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H
B
c
onve
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t
o
c
r
eate
a
neu
t
ra
l
po
i
n
t
for
th
e
l
o
a
d
con
n
ec
tio
n.
T
h
e
v
o
lta
ge
s
tre
ss
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oss
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t
w
o
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s
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e
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g
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re
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e
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e
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no
ve
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u
a
s
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source
H
B
D
C
-D
C con
v
erte
r
is intr
o
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u
ce
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i
n
[3]. T
h
e
p
ropo
sed
t
opol
ogy
h
as
a
h
igh
-
f
r
equ
e
n
c
y
trans
f
or
me
r w
ith a
v
ol
ta
ge d
o
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t
o ob
ta
in
h
ig
h v
o
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ge
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ain
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s
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e
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l
as c
ircu
it is
ol
a
t
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Wi
t
h
A
sym
m
e
t
rica
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vo
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w
a
v
ef
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rate
d
by
the
H
B
i
n
v
e
r
ter,
D
C
vol
tage
c
omp
o
ne
n
t
w
o
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ld
e
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st
i
n
t
h
e
v
o
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t
a
g
e
wa
v
e
fo
rm.
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e
ch
all
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ng
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i
g
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q
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r
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m
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ke
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o
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er
m
ore
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om
pl
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c
a
t
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d
.
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t
her
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ise
,
t
he
h
i
gh-
fre
que
nc
y
tran
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me
r
w
o
u
l
d
be
e
x
pose
d
t
o
the
sa
turat
i
o
n
pr
oble
m.
A
s
ing
l
e-p
h
a
se
h
ig
h
vo
lt
ag
e
g
a
in
D
C
-
D
C
con
v
er
t
e
r
w
a
s
prese
n
te
d
for
a
ha
lf-
b
ridge
p
h
o
to
vo
l
t
ai
c
in
ve
r
t
e
r
s
ys
tem
i
n
[
4].
The
m
a
i
n
d
i
s
ad
va
nta
g
e
o
f
t
he
pro
pose
d
c
o
n
v
e
rter
i
s
t
h
at
m
any
sw
itc
h
i
n
g
dev
i
ce
s
a
r
e
requ
ire
d
for
t
h
e
bo
os
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter,
r
esul
tin
g
in
l
ow
pow
er
c
o
nver
t
e
r
r
eliab
ili
ty,
a
nd
h
i
g
h
p
ow
e
r
l
oss.
A
l
s
o,
h
i
g
h
v
o
lta
g
e
s
tre
ss
is
e
x
p
erie
nc
ed
acr
o
ss
the
ou
t
put
ca
paci
t
o
rs
o
f
the
pr
opose
d
b
oos
t
c
o
nver
t
er
.
A
n
i
so
lat
e
d
tr
a
n
sf
o
rm
er
b
o
o
s
t
hal
f
-
b
ri
d
g
e
micr
o-in
verter
f
or
a
sing
le-
p
hase
P
V
sys
t
em
w
as
e
xp
lor
e
d
in
[
5]
.
U
s
ing
a
n
i
so
l
a
ted
t
ra
nsform
er
h
e
l
ps
t
o
i
n
c
r
ea
se
t
he
v
ol
ta
g
e
g
a
i
n
of
t
he
c
on
ve
rt
er,
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i
t
inc
r
ea
se
s
t
h
e
po
w
e
r
conve
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s
t
age
s
a
n
d
m
o
re
s
w
i
tc
hi
n
g
d
e
v
ice
s
t
o
ac
h
i
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v
e
t
h
e
requ
ire
d
g
ri
d
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
le
ve
l
.
I
n
so
d
o
i
ng
tha
t
,
the
relia
b
ili
t
y
of
t
he
c
o
n
v
erte
r
is
r
educ
ed
a
s
m
a
ny
c
o
mpo
n
e
nts
a
r
e
n
e
ed
ed
t
o
r
e
a
c
h
t
h
e
g
r
id
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
l
ev
el
.
A
Z-so
u
r
ce
i
nv
ert
e
r
w
it
h
h
i
gh
vo
ltage
g
a
i
n
c
a
pa
b
ili
t
y
i
s
pr
o
pos
ed
i
n
[
6
]
.
Th
e
d
i
sad
v
a
n
t
ag
e
of
t
his
t
opol
ogy
i
s t
h
at
i
n
ca
se
o
f
fa
il
ure o
f
ei
t
he
r one of t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t pow
er supp
l
i
es (or
in
c
a
s
e
of
u
ne
qua
l
v
o
lta
ge
s
up
p
l
y),
a
s
ymm
e
trica
l
o
u
t
pu
t
vo
l
t
age
w
a
v
efo
r
m
i
s
e
x
p
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
a
p
p
e
ar
acro
ss
th
e
loa
d
.
In
a
d
d
i
t
i
on
to
t
ha
t
,
t
he
e
xt
e
n
s
i
on
o
f
t
he
p
ro
p
o
sed
top
o
l
o
g
y
n
e
e
d
s
ma
ny
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
t
o
be
u
s
e
d
t
o
ac
hi
e
v
e
the
de
sired
vo
lta
ge
g
ai
n.
I
n
[7],
a
h
ig
h
ga
i
n
s
w
i
t
c
he
d-
b
o
o
st
h
a
l
f-br
i
d
g
e
in
ver
t
er
i
s
prese
n
t
e
d.
T
he
c
o
nv
e
r
t
e
r
ha
s
a
l
o
we
r
vol
t
a
ge
g
a
i
n
t
h
a
n
t
he
p
rop
o
s
e
d
t
opo
l
o
g
y
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
aper
.
A
nove
l
qua
si-Z-so
u
rc
e
h
a
l
f
-
bri
dge
D
C-D
C
c
o
nver
t
e
r
w
as
i
ntro
d
u
ce
d
i
n
[
8].
The
o
u
t
p
ut
A
C
vo
l
t
a
g
e
o
f
qu
a
s
i
-
Z-sou
r
c
e
i
n
v
e
rt
e
r
s
ho
ul
d
be
equa
l
to
t
he
h
alf
v
a
l
u
e
of
t
he
D
C
gai
n
e
d
v
o
lta
ge,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
c
o
u
n
tere
d
w
h
a
t
i
s
m
e
nt
ione
d
t
h
e
ope
ra
tion
w
a
ve
form
s
of
t
he
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
,
ac
cor
d
i
n
g
to
t
he
c
o
nve
n
t
i
o
n
al
h
a
l
f
-
brid
ge
i
n
v
er
t
e
r
ope
rat
i
on.
I
n
[9],
a
Z-sourc
e
h
a
l
f-bri
dge
i
nve
r
t
er
i
s
pro
pose
d
,
w
h
ic
h
req
u
ire
s
t
w
o
D
C-Link
ca
p
a
c
i
to
rs
w
i
t
h
hi
gh
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
r
at
i
n
g
bec
a
u
s
e
the
str
e
ss
v
o
lta
ge
a
c
r
oss
those
ca
pa
cit
o
rs
a
re
h
ig
h
.
A
l
t
hou
gh
t
h
e
s
t
r
es
s
vo
l
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
ca
p
a
c
i
to
rs
i
s
reduc
e
d
-ba
s
e
d
H
B
in
v
e
rter
,
but
t
he
v
o
l
t
a
ge
g
a
i
n
is
s
ti
ll
n
o
t
hi
gher
t
h
an
o
t
h
er
Y
-sourc
e
i
m
p
edanc
e
n
et
work
s
con
v
er
t
e
rs
[
10
]
.
I
n
ad
di
t
i
o
n
t
o
tha
t
,
the
pr
op
ose
d
t
o
p
o
lo
gy
is
a
p
plica
b
l
e
o
n
l
y
for
tw
o
s
y
mm
etrica
l
in
pu
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
upp
lie
s.
Q
u
a
si
-Z-s
ou
rc
e
DC
c
onve
rt
e
r
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
p
o
w
e
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
ap
p
l
icat
i
ons
i
s
s
h
ow
n
i
n
[
11]
.
Th
e
mai
n
d
ra
wb
ac
k
of
t
h
e
t
o
pol
ogy
i
s
t
h
at
m
u
l
ti
-po
w
er-
c
o
nv
e
r
si
o
n
u
ni
ts
a
re
u
sed
t
o
achie
ve
h
i
gh
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
gai
n
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
r
educe
d
t
he
c
on
verter
r
e
lia
b
ili
t
y
.
A
no
vel
si
n
g
l
e-
in
p
u
t
-
dua
l
ou
t
p
u
t
i
mpe
d
a
n
ce
n
etwor
k
con
v
er
t
e
r i
s
prese
n
t
e
d
in [1
2]
. The di
sa
dva
n
t
age of th
e
d
es
i
gne
d
co
nv
e
r
t
e
rs
i
s
th
at
t
h
e
D
C
-
Link
c
a
p
acit
o
rs
a
re
suffe
r
ed
f
rom
high
v
o
lta
ge
g
a
i
n
in
a
dd
iti
on
to
t
he
r
ed
uct
i
on
of
t
he
c
on
verte
r
r
eli
a
bi
lit
y
be
caus
e
o
f
t
h
e
dec
r
ea
si
ng
in
t
he
D
C-Li
n
k
c
a
p
ac
it
ors
l
i
fe
c
y
c
l
e
.
A
sin
g
le-
p
ha
se
i
mpe
d
a
n
ce
s
o
u
r
c
e
i
nv
erte
rs
a
re
i
n
t
roduc
ed
i
n
[1
3].
The
pre
s
e
n
te
d
top
o
l
o
gi
es
w
ith
h
ig
h
fre
que
ncy
tra
n
sform
e
r
ha
ve
l
ow
er
v
o
lta
ge
g
a
i
n
c
o
mpa
r
ed
t
o
Y
-
s
o
u
r
c
e
-
b
a
s
e
d
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
.
A
n
e
w
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
c
o
u
p
l
e
d
Z
-
s
o
u
r
c
e
i
m
p
e
d
a
n
ce
ne
t
w
or
k
s
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
in
[
14]
.
The
pro
p
o
sed
to
p
o
l
ogy
disc
u
s
se
d
h
o
w
to
r
e
duc
e
the
sa
tur
a
ti
o
n
p
r
o
b
l
em
o
f
t
h
e
Y
-
impe
dance
c
o
re.
In
[
15]
–
[2
4],
si
ng
le
Y
-source
i
mpe
d
a
n
ce
n
e
t
w
o
rk
c
on
v
e
rter
s
w
e
re
p
rese
nt
e
d
t
o
a
c
hie
v
e
h
i
gh
vo
lta
ge
g
a
i
n
for
pow
er
i
n
v
e
rt
e
r
s
with
c
o
n
t
i
nuo
us
a
nd/
o
r
d
i
s
con
t
i
n
u
e
s
i
nput
c
u
rren
t
c
ap
ability.
A
n
ew
H
B
DC-D
C
conver
t
e
r
for
wide
range
i
np
ut
v
o
l
t
a
ge
a
pp
l
i
ca
t
i
ons
w
as
p
re
se
nte
d
i
n
[25].
H
i
g
h
d
u
t
y
c
yc
l
e
r
ati
o
i
s
use
d
(
expa
n
d
e
d
t
o
1
0
0
%)
t
o
ac
hi
e
v
e
o
n
l
y
t
w
ice
the
vo
lta
ge
g
a
i
n
of
t
he
c
on
ve
nti
ona
l
H
B
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
.
O
n
t
h
e
o
t
h
e
r
s
i
d
e
,
H
B
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
w
i
t
h
Y
-
source
n
e
t
w
o
rks
ca
n
ac
hie
v
e
w
a
y
hi
g
h
er
t
h
a
n
tw
ice
the
vol
ta
ge
g
ai
n
of
t
h
e
t
ra
di
t
i
o
n
a
l
H
B
i
n
verter
s
w
i
t
h
t
he
sam
e
n
um
ber
of
a
c
t
i
v
e
circ
u
it c
o
mpo
n
e
n
ts.
Thi
s
p
a
p
er
p
res
e
nt
s
a
on
e
st
ag
e
DC
-AC
co
nv
ersio
n
uni
t
wit
h
a
s
i
mpl
e
c
on
t
r
o
l
m
e
t
hod
,
lo
w
vol
t
a
g
e
st
r
e
ss
across
the
c
o
mponents,
and
a
w
i
de
v
ar
i
e
ty
o
f
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
olt
a
g
e
l
e
vel
w
i
t
h
e
x
t
r
a
v
ol
t
a
ge
g
ai
n
–
base
d
do
u
b
l
e
Y
H
B
i
nver
t
e
r
.
It
i
s
ve
ry
u
s
e
fu
l for
r
e
ne
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
a
p
p
lica
t
ion
a
nd
e
s
pec
i
a
l
l
y
p
hot
ov
o
l
t
a
ic
s
ys
tem
s
.
D
e
tai
l
ed
i
nfor
m
a
tio
n
a
b
o
u
t
t
he
c
o
n
v
erter
d
e
sign
a
n
d
o
p
e
r
ati
o
n
a
re
d
esc
r
i
b
ed
i
n
t
h
e
n
e
xt
s
ect
i
o
n
s
.
Th
e
re
st
o
f
the
pa
per
i
s
o
rga
n
i
z
e
d
a
s
fo
ll
ow
s.
S
e
c
tio
n
2
r
e
pre
s
e
n
ts
i
n
v
er
t
e
r
des
i
gn
a
nd
o
p
era
tio
n.
T
he
c
o
n
ce
p
t
o
f
t
h
e
to
pol
o
g
y
com
p
one
n
t
s
se
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
is
p
re
se
n
t
ed
i
n
3.
I
n
se
ct
i
o
n
4,
simu
la
t
i
o
n
r
esul
ts
a
re
e
xp
l
o
r
e
d
a
nd
d
i
sc
usse
d.
The
co
ncl
u
s
i
on
i
s
fina
l
l
y g
i
ve
n in
s
e
c
t
i
o
n 5.
2.
INVERTER DES
I
G
N
AN
D OPERATION
The
pro
pose
d
i
n
v
er
ter,
a
s
s
h
ow
n
i
n
F
i
gure
1,
c
o
n
si
sts
o
f
d
o
u
b
le
Y
-impe
d
ance
n
e
t
wor
k
s,
s
wi
tc
hin
g
d
e
vi
c
e
s
,
p
o
w
e
r
d
i
o
d
e
s,
i
np
ut
i
ndu
c
t
o
r
s,
a
nd
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
s.
T
he
m
a
i
n
m
e
rit
s
o
f
us
i
ng
d
oub
l
e
-
Y
-source
n
et
w
o
rks
are
to
p
r
o
v
i
de
a
n
e
u
tra
l
p
o
i
nt
f
or
t
he
l
oa
d
c
onne
c
t
ed
w
i
t
h
no
n
e
e
d
t
o
use
D
C
-Li
n
k
ca
pa
cit
o
rs,
h
i
g
h
er
v
ol
t
a
ge
gai
n
c
ompa
re
d
t
o
us
i
ng s
i
n
g
l
e
Y
-
im
pedanc
e, and to ac
h
i
e
ve
sym
m
e
trical o
utp
u
t A
C
v
o
lta
ge
w
a
v
eform
.
S
ma
l
l
core
s
ca
n
be
u
sed
for
t
h
e
Y
-
i
n
d
u
c
t
ors
t
o
a
c
h
ie
ve
h
ig
h
e
n
o
u
g
h
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
ga
in
;
c
o
m
p
are
d
t
o
usi
n
g
a
sin
g
l
e
Y
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Sym
m
etr
i
c
a
l
h
i
gh
vo
l
t
a
g
e g
a
i
n ha
l
f
-br
i
d
g
e
i
n
ve
rte
r
ba
sed
do
u
b
le-
Y
-s
our
ce
net
w
ork
s
… (H
ussai
n
S
a
y
e
d
)
51
7
impe
da
nce
ne
t
w
ork.
T
he
t
hr
ee
w
i
n
d
i
n
gs
o
f
eac
h
Y
-
im
pe
danc
e
(L
1
1
,
L
21,
L
31,
a
n
d
L
1
2
,
L22,
L
3
2
)
ar
e
w
o
u
nde
d
on
a
ferr
i
t
e
c
o
re.
The
in
p
u
t
ca
p
a
citor
s
(
C
i
n1,
C
in
2)
h
a
ve
a
n
im
p
o
rta
n
t
r
o
l
e
i
n
re
d
u
c
i
ng
c
o
re
sat
u
rati
o
n
p
r
o
bl
e
m
b
y
bloc
kin
g
t
h
e
D
C
cu
rr
ent
compo
n
e
n
t
in
t
he
fi
rs
t
wi
nd
ing
(L1
)
o
f
bot
h
Y-i
m
pe
d
a
n
c
e
netw
orks.
The
Y
-
i
m
peda
nce
capa
c
i
t
or
s
(C1
1
,
C1
2)
c
on
tri
b
u
t
e
t
o
b
l
o
c
k
i
ng
the
D
C
c
ur
rent
c
omp
o
n
en
t
i
n
t
h
e
seco
nd
w
i
ndi
n
g
(
L2)
of
e
ac
h
Y
-
im
peda
nc
e
netw
ork.
H
enc
e
,
sym
m
e
t
r
i
c
a
l
A
C
cu
rren
t
f
lo
ws
t
h
r
oug
h
al
l
th
e
w
i
n
d
in
gs
o
f
th
e
Y
-
impe
danc
e
ne
t
w
or
ks
a
s
show
n
in
t
he
ope
ra
ti
n
g
pri
n
cip
l
es
o
f
t
h
e
t
o
p
o
l
o
gy
i
n
n
e
x
t.
I
n
s
o
do
ing
t
h
a
t
, the
sat
ura
t
i
o
n pr
o
b
le
m
of the
Y
-i
m
p
edanc
e
c
ores
i
s
addre
s
se
d ou
t.
F
i
gur
e 1.
P
rop
o
se
d do
u
b
le
Y
-sourc
e
sym
me
t
r
ical
i
nve
r
t
er
t
op
o
l
o
g
y
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
ac
hie
v
e
s
y
mm
etrica
l
o
u
t
p
ut
A
C
v
o
lta
ge,
the
two
Y-
i
m
ped
a
nce
ne
t
w
or
ks
s
ho
u
l
d
h
a
ve
i
d
ent
i
c
a
l
p
a
ssiv
e
co
mpon
en
t
s
.
Th
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
e
a
c
h
c
o
m
po
n
e
nt
i
n
t
h
e
first
Y
-
ne
tw
ork
(Y
1
)
ha
s
an
e
q
u
a
l
v
alue
t
o
it
’
s
i
n
the
sec
o
n
d
Y
-
n
etw
o
rk
(
Y
2
),
w
here
L
in
1
=
L
in2
=
L
in
,
C
in1
=
C
in2
=
C
in
,
L
11
=
L
12
=
L
1
,
L
21
=
L
22
=
L
2
,
L
31
=
L
32
=
L
3
,
and
C
12
=
C
11
=
C
.
The
oper
a
t
i
on
pri
n
ci
p
l
es
o
f
t
h
e
pro
p
o
se
d
co
n
v
erter
are
e
x
p
l
a
i
ne
d
ba
sed
o
n
t
w
o
o
p
e
ra
ting
st
a
t
es:
(a
) N
o
n
-
S
hoo
t-Thro
ug
h-S
t
a
t
e (
N
S
T
S
)
and (
b
) S
h
o
o
t-
Troug
h
-S
ta
t
e
(S
T
S
)
. In the
N
S
TS
, only
on
e of t
h
e
s
w
i
t
c
h
e
s
(
S
W
1
,
S
W
2
)
i
s
O
N
;
w
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
o
t
h
e
r
o
n
e
i
s
O
F
F
.
I
n
t
h
e
S
TS
,
bot
h
sw
i
t
c
h
ing
dev
i
ces
a
re
O
N
.
T
he
di
ode
s (D
1,
D
2)
a
r
e
o
n
l
y
in
o
ff
s
t
a
t
e
w
he
n bo
th sw
i
tc
hi
ng
de
vic
e
s
a
r
e
ON.
2.1
Non
-
shoot-through
-
state
(N
S
T
S)
I
n
t
he N
S
T
S
, t
he
re are
tw
o
ope
rat
i
n
g
s
ta
tes.
The
first one
i
s w
hen SW1
is
ON,
w
hile SW2 is
OF
F
, as
show
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
(
a
),
a
posi
t
i
v
e
vo
lta
ge
a
p
p
e
a
rs
acr
oss
t
h
e
lo
a
d
w
hic
h
i
s
co
ntri
b
u
te
d
b
y
Y
1
.
The
AC
l
oad
vo
lta
ge
l
e
v
e
l
i
s
equal
t
o
t
he
h
al
f
ga
ine
d
v
o
l
ta
ge
o
f
Y
1
(
V
Y1
/2)
as
s
how
n
in
F
igure
3.
The
se
con
d
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
st
a
t
e is t
ha
t
w
h
en SW
2
is
ON and
S
W
1
is O
F
F
, as show
n
i
n
F
i
g
ur
e
2
(
b)
,
in
the
o
pp
os
i
t
e
of t
he first
o
pe
ra
ting
st
a
t
e
,
a
n
eg
ati
v
e
o
u
tp
u
t
A
C
vo
lt
ag
e
c
a
n
b
e
n
ot
ed
a
c
r
o
ss
th
e
l
o
a
d
in
t
his
sta
t
e
w
h
i
c
h
is
(
-V
Y2
/2).
D
uri
ng
t
h
is
st
a
t
e, the
Y
-capacitors
a
re char
g
ing
up. Gen
er
all
y
spea
k
in
g
, bo
t
h
di
o
des a
r
e only c
o
n
d
u
c
t
ed
d
uri
ng th
e N
S
TS
.
U
s
ing
t
h
e lo
o
p
vo
l
tage
e
q
u
a
t
io
ns,
t
h
e
sys
t
em
equa
tio
ns for
the
N
S
TS
are
s
how
n in be
l
ow
2
2
2
2
2
0
(
1
)
2
0
(
2
)
by su
bs
tit
u
tin
g
equ.
(
2)
i
n equ
.
(1)
,
t
h
e
ou
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f t
h
e
Y-networks is
2
2
2
2
(
3)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
11,
N
o.
1
, Ma
r
202
0
:
515
–
52
2
51
8
2
2
2
0
(
4
)
wher
e
,
,
,
,
a
n
d
2.2
Sh
o
o
t
-
t
hro
u
g
h
-
s
ta
te (S
T
S)
B
o
t
h
s
w
i
t
c
h
e
s
(
S
W
1
&
S
W
2
)
a
r
e
O
N
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
a
t
e
,
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
ure
2(c
)
,
w
h
ile
b
ot
h
d
i
o
d
es
a
re
i
n
reve
rse bloc
k
i
n
g
o
pera
tio
n mo
de (O
F
F
st
a
t
e). The
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
ta
ge
o
f b
o
t
h Y
-
ne
t
w
ork
s
(
V
o
)
is z
ero; so ze
ro
A
C
vo
lta
ge
a
p
p
e
a
r
s
a
c
r
oss
t
h
e
lo
a
d
a
s
sh
ow
n
i
n
F
ig
ure
3.
D
ur
i
n
g
t
h
e
S
T
S
,
t
h
e
e
ner
g
y
is
b
e
i
ng
r
ele
a
se
d
fr
o
m
t
he
ca
paci
t
o
rs
a
n
d
s
t
o
red
in
t
he
Y
-in
duc
t
o
rs
t
o
a
c
hie
v
e
hi
gh
vo
lta
g
e
gai
n
dur
i
ng
the
N
S
TS
.
Wi
th
i
nc
rea
s
in
g
t
h
e
S
T
S
dur
ati
o
n
(
t
s
or
D
S
),
m
ore
e
n
erg
y
w
ou
ld
b
e
st
ored
i
n
t
h
e
Y
-
ind
u
c
t
ors
w
h
i
c
h
r
e
su
lts
i
n
hig
h
e
r
volt
a
ge
g
a
i
n
.
The
loo
p
v
olta
ge
e
q
u
a
tio
ns o
f
the
S
T
S
ar
e
de
scribe
d
bel
o
w
2
2
2
2
2
0
(
5
)
2
2
2
0
(
6
)
By
a
ppl
yi
n
g
vo
l
t
-
s
e
c
ond
b
a
l
an
c
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
Y
-i
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
(
L
)
usin
g
eq
u.
(
4
)
a
nd
eq
u.
(
6),
the
v
o
l
ta
ge
o
f
th
e
ca
paci
t
o
rs is d
e
rive
d a
s
fol
l
o
w
s
(
7
)
By
a
l
s
o
ap
ply
i
n
g
vol
t
-
se
con
d
b
al
an
ce
f
o
r
t
he
i
n
put
i
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
(
L
in
)
usi
n
g
e
q
u.
(
1)
a
nd
e
q
u.
(
5),
ot
her
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
s
vo
lta
ge e
q
u
a
t
i
o
ns
a
re
der
i
v
e
d
a
s
fol
l
ow
s
2
8
F
r
om
e
qu.
(
7) and
eq
u.
(
8), the
f
ina
l
c
apac
i
t
o
r
volta
ge e
q
u
a
t
i
o
ns
a
re
der
i
v
e
d
as
show
n be
l
o
w
9
1
0
By
s
u
b
sti
t
u
t
ing
equ.
(
4),
equ.
(
9)
a
nd
eq
u.
(
10)
i
n
eq
u.
(
3)
,
t
he
p
ea
k-
pea
k
o
ut
put
v
o
lta
ge
(
V
o
)
of
t
he
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
to
pol
o
gy i
s
de
r
ive
d
a
s fo
ll
ow
s
1
1
Wh
i
l
e in
p
r
i
nc
i
p
l
e
o
per
a
t
i
on
o
f
the
co
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
al H
B
in
ve
rte
r
, t
he
R
MS
l
oa
d vo
l
t
age
i
s
e
q
u
a
l
t
o
(
12)
wher
e
, and
The
re
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
he
p
ea
k-
pea
k
l
oa
d
v
o
l
ta
ge
g
ai
n
a
nd
th
e
shoo
t
-
t
h
rou
g
h
dut
y
c
y
cl
e
(
D
s
)
is
pl
otte
d
for
di
ff
ere
n
t
(
M
)
valu
es,
a
s
s
how
n
in
F
igur
e 4.
T
he
p
lot
s
how
s
t
h
at
t
he
s
h
oot-
t
hrou
g
h
d
ut
y
c
y
c
l
e
(
D
S
)
regi
on
i
s
r
estri
c
ted
b
y
t
he
s
e
l
ected
M
va
l
ue.
I
n
p
r
i
nc
i
p
les
oper
a
tio
n
o
f
b
uck-
bo
os
t
c
o
n
v
erte
rs,
trad
it
i
o
na
l
b
uc
k
c
o
nve
rter
h
a
s
a
v
ol
ta
ge
g
ai
n
(
V
o
/
V
in
)
w
h
ich
is
l
es
s
tha
n
o
r
e
q
ua
l
t
o
1
,
w
h
ile
t
he
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
h
as
a
v
o
lta
g
e
g
a
i
n
gre
a
ter
tha
n
1
.
The
pro
pose
d
s
o
u
rc
e-im
peda
nc
e
netw
ork
c
o
nve
rter
w
orks
a
s
a
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
w
ith
a
w
i
d
e
var
i
e
t
y
o
f
t
he
o
u
t
put
A
C
v
olta
ge
l
e
v
el.
It
can
b
e
no
tic
ed
f
rom
t
h
e
ga
in
c
urves
,
a
s
sh
ow
n
i
n
F
igure
4,
t
ha
t
t
h
ere
ar
e
tw
o
o
p
era
t
i
o
n
q
u
a
rt
ers:
p
o
s
itiv
e
and
n
e
g
a
t
i
ve
b
oo
st
o
p
e
rat
i
o
n
qu
a
r
t
e
rs.
F
o
r
t
he
p
os
i
t
i
v
e
bo
ost
ope
ra
ti
o
n
r
e
g
i
o
n,
t
he
s
ho
o
t
-
t
h
ro
ugh
d
ut
y
c
y
cl
e
(
D
S
)
i
s
(
0.5
0
).
I
n
the
nega
t
i
v
e
boos
t
ope
ra
ti
o
n
r
e
g
i
o
n,
t
h
e
s
hoot-t
hro
u
g
h
d
uty
c
y
cl
e is (
1
0
.
5
).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Sym
m
etr
i
c
a
l
h
i
gh
vo
l
t
a
g
e g
a
i
n ha
l
f
-br
i
d
g
e
i
n
ve
rte
r
ba
sed
do
u
b
le-
Y
-s
our
ce
net
w
ork
s
… (H
ussai
n
S
a
y
e
d
)
51
9
F
i
gure
4.
P
ossi
ble v
o
lta
ge-
g
a
i
n for
the
pr
op
o
s
e
d
t
op
o
l
o
g
y
w
ith
respec
t
to s
ho
o
t
-t
hrou
g
h
d
ut
y cyc
l
e
a
t
di
ffere
n
t
M va
l
u
e
s
.
3.
RESULT
S
A
N
D
DISCU
SSIO
N
The
pr
op
ose
d
t
op
o
l
o
g
y
i
s
s
i
mula
te
d
in
d
e
t
a
i
le
d
us
ing
P
S
pic
e
si
m
ula
t
io
n
t
o
ol
s.
T
he
s
imu
l
ati
o
n
t
e
s
t
s
con
d
i
t
i
on
s are
li
ste
d
i
n
Ta
b
l
e
1,
b
o
t
h
Y
-
i
m
peda
nce ne
tw
ork
s
com
p
o
ne
nts are
iden
t
i
ca
l
.
T
he
s
im
ula
tio
n
r
e
su
lts
verifie
d
t
he
o
p
e
rati
ona
l
c
o
nce
p
t
o
f
t
he
p
r
o
pose
d
t
op
o
l
o
g
y
a
nd
t
h
e
d
e
r
iv
ed
e
q
u
a
ti
on
s.
T
h
e
g
at
e
vo
lt
a
g
e
of
t
he
sw
it
c
h
i
n
g
d
e
vic
e
s
is
s
how
n
i
n
F
i
g
ur
e
5(
a).
It
s
h
o
w
s
t
ha
t
a
n
o
ve
rla
ppe
d
pu
lse
w
i
dt
h
mod
u
l
at
i
o
n
(P
WM)
st
r
a
te
gy
is
u
se
d
w
h
e
r
e
t
h
e
s
h
o
o
t
-t
h
r
ou
g
h
o
c
c
urs
o
n
b
oth
si
des
o
f
t
h
e
ga
t
e
pul
ses.
T
his
si
mpl
e
o
v
e
rla
p
p
e
d
met
h
od
i
s
us
e
d
t
o
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
sy
mmet
ri
c
a
l
out
put
A
C
wa
v
e
fo
rm
i
n
s
t
e
a
d
of
u
s
i
ng
s
i
n
g
l
e
s
i
de
o
ve
rla
p
ped
P
W
M
w
h
ic
h
re
sults
i
n
as
ym
me
t
r
ical
A
C
o
u
t
p
ut
v
o
l
tage
.
The
g
a
ine
d
v
o
l
t
a
ge
by
bo
t
h
Y
-impeda
n
c
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
i
s
show
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
5(b).
The
fi
rst
Y
-
ne
t
w
o
r
k
vol
tage
i
s
p
o
si
t
i
ve
w
hic
h
i
s
V
Y1
,
w
h
i
l
e
the
sec
o
nd
Y
-
ne
t
w
ork
vo
lta
ge
i
s
nega
ti
ve
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
V
Y2
.
Th
e
dif
f
e
re
n
c
e
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
b
o
t
h
i
mp
ed
an
c
e
n
et
wo
rk
s
(
V
Y2
-
V
Y1
)
represents
t
he
loa
d
v
o
lta
ge
(
V
o
)
as
s
how
n
i
n
F
igur
e
5(c).
It
can
b
e
n
o
te
d
tha
t
h
igh
vol
tage
(
V
o
)
is
g
a
i
ne
d
from
24
V
inpu
t
vo
lta
ge.
Tab
l
e
1 S
i
m
u
la
ti
on
circ
u
i
t
co
n
d
it
io
ns.
P
a
ra
m
e
te
r
/
de
sc
ri
p
t
i
o
n
V
a
l
u
e
P
a
ra
m
e
te
r
/
de
sc
ri
p
t
i
o
n
V
a
l
u
e
Powe
r r
a
ting
72 W
Inp
u
t ca
p
a
c
itor (
C
in
)
50
µF
Inp
u
t volta
ge (
V
in
)
2
4
vol
t
Y
-
c
oup
l
e
d
indu
c
t
or
s
(
L
1
,
L
2
,
L
3
)
288
µH
,
800
µH
,
32
µH
R
M
S
Y-ne
tworks
output
v
olt
a
g
e
(
V
o
)
320
vol
t
Y
-
ca
p
a
c
itors
(
C
1
)
50
µF
R
M
S lo
a
d
volta
g
e
(
V
L
oa
d
)
1
6
0
v
o
l
t
Y
-
i
m
pe
da
nc
e
c
o
re
s
F
e
r
r
i
t
e
C
o
re
P
e
a
k
-
p
e
a
k
l
oa
d
vol
ta
g
e
(
V
L
o
a
d
p-
p
)
442
vol
t
Y
-
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
wi
nd
i
ngs
f
a
c
tor
(
M
)
2
R
M
S
Y
-
netw
orks
output
c
urre
nt
(
I
o
)
9.
3
A
R
-
L
o
a
d
350
Ω
R
M
S
lo
a
d
c
ur
re
nt
(
I
L
oa
d
)
0.
45
A
S
w
itc
hing
fre
que
nc
y
20
kHz
Input
i
nduc
tor
(
L
in
)
288
µ
H
Shoot-t
hroug
h
dut
y
c
y
c
l
e
(
D
s
)
47.
3%
D
i
o
d
e
s
(D
1
&
D2
)
H
i
gh
volta
ge
bloc
king
ca
p
a
bil
i
t
y
Sw
it
c
h
ing
de
vi
c
e
s
(SW
1
&
S
W
2
)
H
i
gh
volta
ge
b
loc
k
ing
ca
p
a
bil
i
t
y
B
o
t
h
d
i
ode
s
sh
ar
e
the
sam
e
a
moun
t
of
v
o
l
t
a
ge
s
tress
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gure
6(b).
The
sma
ll
osc
i
lla
t
i
on
in
t
he
d
io
de
's
v
o
lta
g
e
r
epr
e
s
e
nt
s
t
h
e
pa
ras
i
tic
e
l
e
m
e
nts
o
f
t
he
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
ion
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
.
A
lm
os
t
a
n
e
qua
l
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
st
r
e
ss
acr
oss
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
ca
pa
cit
o
rs
a
nd
Y
-ne
t
w
o
r
k
s
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
rs
a
r
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
ure
6(c
)
a
nd
F
ig
u
r
e
6(d)
,
respe
c
t
i
ve
l
y
. T
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
a
tio
n c
u
rre
nt
re
s
u
l
ts a
r
e
show
n
i
n
F
i
gur
e
7.
The i
n
put c
urre
nt, as s
how
n i
n
F
i
gure
7(a),
is
c
o
n
t
in
uous
c
urr
e
nt.
The
di
ode
a
n
d
s
w
itc
hi
n
g
d
e
v
i
c
es
c
urre
nt
s
a
re
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
ure
7(b)
a
n
d
F
ig
ure
7(c)
,
respe
c
t
i
ve
l
y
.
The
l
o
a
d
c
urre
n
t
i
s
sh
ow
n
i
n
F
igur
e
7(
d)
b
ase
d
o
n
a
r
esis
t
i
ve
l
oa
d.
T
he
Y
-n
etw
o
rk
c
ur
rent
s
(
i
L1
,
i
L2
,
and
i
L3
)
a
r
e
show
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
8(a),
F
i
gure
8
(
b),
and
F
i
gu
re
8
(c
).
I
t
c
a
n
be
n
ote
d
t
ha
t
the
y
a
re
s
ym
m
e
trica
l
arou
nd
the
x-a
x
i
s
w
hic
h
ha
s
a
s
i
g
ni
fica
n
t
r
ol
e
i
n
p
reve
nti
n
g
th
e Y-co
re
s f
r
o
m t
h
e
sa
tu
ra
tio
n
.
0.
2
0.
4
0.
6
0.
8
1.
0
Ds
10
5
5
10
Ga
i
n
M
6
M
5
M
4
M
3
M
2
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
nt
J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
r
i
S
yst
V
o
l.
11,
N
o.
1
,
Mar
202
0
:
515
–
52
2
52
0
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
.
S
imulat
i
on
r
e
su
lts
o
f
the
pr
o
p
o
se
d
c
o
n
v
er
ter
:
(
a
)
S
w
h
it
c
h
es
g
a
t
e
vol
ta
ge,
(
b
)
Out
p
ut
vo
l
t
a
g
e
ea
h
Y
-
im
peda
nc
e
n
e
t
w
or
k,
(
c
)
L
oad
vol
t
a
ge
F
i
gur
e
6.
S
imula
t
i
on
r
e
su
l
t
s
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
co
n
v
e
r
ter
:
(
a
)
Switche
s
g
a
te
v
o
lta
ge
,
(b)
Diodes v
o
lta
g
e
,
(c
)
I
n
p
u
t
ca
p
a
c
i
tor
s
vo
lta
ge,
(d)
Y-c
a
pa
citor
s
v
ol
t
a
ge
F
i
g
u
r
e
7
.
S
imulat
i
on
r
e
su
lts
o
f
the
pr
o
p
o
se
d
co
nv
erter: (a) In
put
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
,
(
b
)
d
i
o
d
e
(D1
)
, (c)
sw
it
c
h
ing
de
vi
ce
(
S
W
1)
c
ur
r
e
nt,
(
d
)
l
o
a
d
c
ur
r
e
nt
F
i
gur
e
8.
S
imula
t
i
on
r
e
su
l
t
s
o
f
t
he
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
co
nv
erter
:
(
a)
cu
rren
t
o
f
th
e
first winding
o
f
Y-
netw
or
k,
(
b)
c
ur
r
e
nt
o
f
t
h
e
secon
d
w
in
din
g
o
f
Y-
netw
or
k,
(
c)
c
ur
r
e
nt
o
f
t
h
e
th
i
r
d
w
i
n
d
in
g
of
Y
-
netw
or
k
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Sym
m
etr
i
c
a
l
h
i
gh
vo
l
t
a
g
e g
a
i
n ha
l
f
-br
i
d
g
e
i
n
ve
rte
r
ba
sed
do
u
b
le-
Y
-s
our
ce
net
w
ork
s
… (H
ussai
n
S
a
y
e
d
)
52
1
4.
CONCL
U
S
ION
O
n
e
sta
g
e
h
i
gh
v
o
lta
g
e
h
a
l
f
-
brid
ge
i
nve
r
t
e
r
i
s
de
sig
n
e
d
a
nd
ana
l
y
ze
d
usi
ng
d
o
u
b
l
e
Y
-
sourc
e
netw
orks.
T
h
e
sim
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
s
u
lts
s
how
p
ro
m
i
si
ng
f
e
a
t
ures
f
or
r
e
n
e
wabl
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
a
pp
l
i
c
a
t
i
on
s
su
ch
a
s
hi
gh
vo
lta
ge ga
i
n,
l
ow
v
o
l
ta
ge
stre
ss acr
oss the
c
i
r
c
ui
t
elem
en
ts, c
on
t
i
n
uous
i
n
p
u
t
c
urre
nt
,
a
n
d symm
etr
i
c
a
l
c
urrent
w
a
ve
form
s
in
a
ll
Y
-
i
n
duc
t
o
rs
w
hich
h
e
l
p
s
t
o
pr
ev
en
t
the
Y
-
core
s
s
a
t
ura
t
i
o
n.
T
he
o
t
h
er
m
ost
im
por
ta
nt
fe
at
ures
o
f
the
H
B
c
o
nve
r
t
er
a
re
s
y
m
m
e
tric
a
l
A
C
l
o
a
d
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
a
n
i
n
h
e
r
i
t
e
d
v
i
r
t
u
a
l
n
e
u
t
r
a
l
p
o
i
n
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
loa
d
c
on
nec
t
io
n.
T
he
opera
tio
n
pr
inc
i
ple
s
a
re
d
i
s
cus
s
ed
a
n
d
s
tu
d
i
ed
d
ee
pl
y
in
t
hi
s
pa
per
ba
se
d
o
n
d
er
iv
e
d
t
h
e
form
ula
s
.
The
circu
i
t
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
a
re
s
e
l
e
c
t
ed
b
as
e
d
o
n
m
a
them
at
ica
l
e
qua
t
i
o
n
s
for
b
e
t
t
e
r
pow
er
i
nve
r
t
er
des
i
g
n
.
F
u
rthe
r
m
or
e
,
P
S
p
ice
simu
la
ti
on
to
ol
s
a
r
e
use
d
t
o
val
i
d
a
te
t
he
p
rop
o
sed
c
o
nve
rte
r
ope
rat
i
on
m
ode
s
and
de
ta
i
l
e
d
de
r
ive
d
m
athem
a
tica
l
f
orm
u
las.
REFE
RENCES
[
1
]
M
.
S
.
P
i
l
e
h
v
a
r
a
n
d
M
.
M
a
r
d
a
n
e
h
,
“
P
h
a
s
e
-
s
h
i
f
t
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
n
d
h
a
rm
o
n
ics
el
i
m
ination
for
H
-
br
idge
Z
-s
ource
i
n
verter,”
IE
T Power
Electron.
,
vol.
8
,
n
o.
4
,
p
p.
6
1
8
–
627
, 2
01
5.
[
2
]
M
.
N
g
u
y
e
n
,
G
.
C
h
o
,
a
n
d
Y
.
L
i
m
,
“
S
w
i
t
c
h
e
d
-
B
o
o
s
t
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
B
a
s
e
d
S
i
ngle-P
h
as
e
Bo
os
t
DC-AC
Co
nv
erter,”
IET
P
o
wer
El
ectr
on.
,
v
o
l.
9
,
no.
14,
pp.
2
7
23–
27
30
,
2016
.
[
3
]
D
.
V
i
n
n
i
k
o
v
,
A
.
C
h
u
b
,
a
n
d
L
.
L
i
i
v
i
k
,
“
A
s
y
m
m
e
t
r
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c
a
l
Q
u
a
s
i
-
Z
-
S
o
u
r
ce
Hal
f
-Brid
g
e
D
C
-DC
Co
nvert
ers,”
in
9t
h
In
ter
n
a
t
io
nal Conf
eren
c
e
on
Comp
a
tibi
lit
y
and
P
o
wer
Electronics (
C
PE
)
,
20
15
,
p
p
. 3
69
–3
72
.
[
4
]
Y
.
Z
h
a
o
,
X
.
X
i
a
n
g
,
C
.
L
i
,
Y
.
G
u
,
W
.
L
i
,
a
n
d
X
.
H
e
,
“
S
i
n
g
l
e
P
h
ase
Hi
gh
Step-u
p
Con
v
erter
with
I
m
p
rov
e
d
M
u
lt
ipli
e
r
C
ell
Sui
t
able
f
o
r
H
alf
-
Brid
ge
B
as
ed
P
V
Inv
e
rter
S
y
s
t
em
,”
IEEE
Tr
ans.
Po
wer E
l
ect
ron.
,
v
o
l
.
2
9,
n
o.
6
,
20
14
.
[
5
]
D
.
C
a
o
,
S
.
J
i
a
n
g
,
F
.
Z
.
P
e
n
g
,
a
n
d
Y
.
L
i
,
“
L
o
w
C
o
s
t
T
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
mer
Isolated
B
oos
t
H
alf
-
br
idge
M
icro-i
nvert
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f
or
S
i
ngle-p
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r
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-co
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s
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em
,”
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n
T
w
ent
y
-S
even
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A
n
n
u
a
l
IEEE A
p
p
l
ied
Power
El
ectro
n
i
cs
Co
nf
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Exp
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s
i
tio
n
(
A
PEC)
, 2
01
2,
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p.
71
–
7
8
.
[6]
E
.
B
ab
aei
a
nd
E
.
S
.
Asl,
“
H
i
g
h
-
Voltag
e
G
ain
Half
-Bridg
e
Z
-
S
ourc
e
Inverter
W
i
t
h
Low-
Vol
t
age
St
ress
on
Cap
acit
o
rs,
”
IEEE
T
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ans.
In
d
.
Appl.
,
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E
.
B
a
b
aei,
E.
S
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As
l,
a
nd
M
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H.
B
abay
i,
“
Stead
y
-
S
t
at
e
an
d
S
m
a
l
l
-
S
i
g
n
a
l
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
H
i
g
h
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
G
a
i
n
H
a
l
f
-
Bri
d
ge Sw
itched - Boost
Inverter,”
IEEE Trans.
Power
El
e
c
t
r
on.
,
vo
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D
.
V
i
nni
ko
v
,
A
.
Ch
ub
,
O
.
H
us
e
v
,
and
J.
Z
ak
is,
“
Q
uasi-Z-S
o
u
r
c
e
H
alf
-
Bri
d
g
e
D
C-D
C
C
o
n
v
e
rt
er
f
o
r
P
h
o
t
ovolt
a
ic
Appl
i
cation
s
,”
i
n
IEEE Int
e
rnation
a
l
Conferen
ce on
Industrial Technology (
I
CI
T)
,
20
15
,
p
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93
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[
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]
G
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
Z
.
L
i
,
B
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
D
.
Q
i
u
,
W
.
X
i
a
o
,
a
n
d
W
.
A
.
H
a
l
a
n
g
,
“
A
Z-S
o
urce
Half
-Bri
dge
C
o
n
verter,
”
IEEE
T
r
an
s.
Ind
.
El
ectr
on.
,
vo
l. 6
1,
no
.
3
, pp
.
1
26
9
–
1
2
7
9
, 2
01
4.
[10
]
E
.
Ba
b
aei
a
nd
E
.
S
.
A
s
l
,
“H
ig
h
V
o
ltag
e
G
ai
n
Half
-
B
ridg
e
Z
-
Source
Inverter
w
i
t
h
Low
Volt
a
g
e
St
ress
o
n
Cap
acit
o
rs,
”
IEEE
T
r
ans.
In
d
.
Electro
n.
,
v
o
l
.
64,
no
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
9
1
–197
,
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0
1
7
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[1
1]
Y
.
L
i
u
,
H
.
Abu
-
rub
,
a
nd
B
.
Ge,
“
F
ron
t
-End
I
solated
Quasi-Z
-S
o
u
rc
e
D
C
–
D
C
Con
v
ert
e
r
Mo
du
les
i
n
S
eries
f
o
r
H
i
g
h
-P
ower
P
ho
tov
o
ltai
c
S
yst
e
m
s
—
P
art
I :
Configuration
,
Oper
ati
o
n
,
and
Eval
uat
i
on,”
IEEE T
r
ans.
Ind.
E
l
ect
ro
n
.
,
vol.
64,
n
o
.
1
,
pp
.
3
47–3
58,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
2]
G
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
B
.
Z
h
a
n
g,
Z
.
L
i
,
Y.
Z
h
a
ng
,
a
n
d
S.
C
h
e
n,
“
A
No
ve
l
S
in
gle-In
pu
t-Dual-O
ut
put
I
mp
e
d
an
ce
N
etwo
rk
Co
nv
erter,”
IEEE
J. Emerg
.
S
e
l. T
op.
Po
wer Electr
on.
,
v
o
l.
6
777,
n
o.
c
,
pp
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1
–
9
,
2017
.
[13
]
Z
.
A
l
eem,
H.
F
.
Ah
m
e
d,
H
.
Ch
a,
a
nd
H.
G
.
Kim
,
“
Sin
g
l
e
-phas
e
i
s
o
l
ated
i
m
p
ed
an
ce-s
o
u
r
c
e
i
n
v
ert
e
rs
,”
9th In
t.
Conf
.
Power Electron. - ECC
E
As
i
a
"
G
reen W
o
rld
w
ith
P
o
w
e
r Ele
c
t
ro
n
.
I
C
P
E
20
15
-
E
C
C
E
A
s
i
a
,
pp
.
12
9–
13
4,
20
15
.
[1
4]
Y
.
P
.
S
iwa
k
o
ti,
F
.
B
l
a
a
bje
r
g,
a
nd
P
.
C
.
L
oh
,
“
N
e
w
M
a
g
ne
tic
all
y
C
o
upled
I
m
p
ed
anc
e
(
Z-)
S
o
urce
Netw
ork
s
,”
IE
EE
Trans. Power
Elect
ron.
,
v
o
l.
31
, n
o.
1
1,
20
1
6
.
[1
5]
V
.
Be
h
j
a
t
,
S.
S
e
m
k
o
,
a
nd
H
.
No
ba
h
a
r,
“
Pe
rm
a
n
e
n
t-Ma
gn
e
t
S
yn
c
h
ron
ous
G
enerat
or
a
nd
Y
S
o
u
rce
Con
v
erter,
”
i
n
T
h
e 6t
h
Power El
ectr
o
n
i
cs,
Drive S
y
stem
s
&
Techno
lo
gi
e
s
Co
nference
,
2
0
1
5
,
p
p.
3
40
–3
45
.
[16
]
R
.
R.
A
h
r
abi
an
d
M
.
R
.
Ban
aei,
“
I
m
p
ro
ved
Y
-sou
rce
DC
–
A
C
c
on
ve
rte
r
w
it
h
c
o
ntin
uo
u
s
i
n
p
u
t
c
u
rre
n
t
,”
IE
T
P
o
wer
El
ectr
on.
,
v
o
l.
9
,
no.
4
,
pp.
8
01
–80
8,
2
0
16.
[17
]
M
.
F
o
rou
z
e
s
h
a
n
d
A.
B
ag
hram
ian
,
“
Galv
ani
cally
i
s
o
lat
e
d
hi
g
h
gai
n
Y
-s
ource
D
C
–
D
C
conv
erters
f
o
r
d
is
pers
ed
po
we
r g
e
ne
ra
tion
,
”
IET P
o
wer
Elect
ron.
,
vol.
9
,
no.
6
,
pp.
1
1
9
2
–
1
203
,
2
01
6.
[1
8]
Y
.
P.
S
i
w
ak
ot
i,
F
.
B
l
aab
j
e
r
g
,
an
d
P.
C
.
Lo
h,
“
Qu
asi
Y-
So
ur
ce B
oo
st
D
C
-
DC
C
on
v
e
r
t
er
,
”
i
n
Eu
ropean
Co
nfer
ence
o
n
Power
El
ectron
i
cs and
Ap
p
lica
t
i
o
n
s
,
2
0
1
5
,
vol.
8
99
3,
no.
c
.
[19
]
Y
.
P
.
S
i
w
ako
t
i
,
P
.
C.
L
o
h
,
F.
B
laabj
e
rg,
S
.
J
.
Andreasen
,
an
d
G.
E
.
To
wn,
“
Y
-
S
ource
Boo
s
t
DC
/
D
C
Conv
erter
f
o
r Dist
rib
u
t
e
d G
e
nerati
on
,
”
IEE
E
Tr
an
s.
In
d.
El
ectro
n.
,
vol.
62,
n
o.
2
,
p
p
.
105
9–10
69
,
2
0
1
4
.
[20]
W
a
ng,
Y
ijie,
Wenli
J
i
ng,
Y
u
ping
Qi
u,
Y
uanyuan
W
a
ng,
X
iangyuan
D
en
g,
K
e
Hua,
B
enran
H
u
,
and
Di
ang
u
o
Xu
.
"A
f
amily
o
f
Y-source
DC/D
C
convert
e
r
based
on
switche
d
induc
t
o
r.
"
IEEE Tran
sa
cti
ons on
In
dustry
Ap
pl
ic
a
tio
ns
55,
no
.
2
,
pp
.
1
5
8
7
-1
597
,
2
01
8.
[21
]
J
i,
Y
ulian
g
,
Hong
chen
L
iu
,
F
e
ng
Y
o
n
g
,
F
e
ng
ji
ang
W
u
,
an
d
P
a
t
W
h
eeler.
"High
S
t
ep-Up
Y-source
Co
upl
ed-
In
du
cto
r
I
m
p
eda
n
ce
Net
w
ork
Bo
o
s
t
DC-DC
Con
v
erters
w
i
t
h
Co
m
m
o
n
G
rou
n
d
a
n
d
Con
t
in
uo
us
I
np
ut
C
ur
re
nt."
IE
EE
Jou
r
n
a
l
o
f
Em
erging
an
d
S
e
lect
ed T
o
pi
cs i
n
P
o
wer El
ectro
n
i
c
s,
2
0
19.
[22
]
Red
d
i
v
ari,
R
edd
i
p
r
asad
,
an
d
Debas
h
i
s
h
a
J
ena.
"
N
o
v
e
l
a
c
t
i
v
e
cl
amp
e
d
Y-s
o
u
r
ce
net
w
o
r
k
fo
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
v
o
l
t
a
ge
bo
osting
.
"
IET
Po
wer
El
ectr
onics
,
vol.
12
,
no
.
8
,
pp.
2
00
5-2
014
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
11,
N
o.
1
, Ma
r
202
0
:
515
–
52
2
52
2
[23
]
C
h
e
n,
M
anxi
n,
C
han
g
q
i
ng
Y
in,
an
d
P
o
h
Ch
ian
g
L
oh
.
"M
agn
e
tic
al
ly
-Coupled
H
ig
h
-
Vo
lt
age-Boo
s
t
S
p
lit
Y
-S
o
u
rce
In
vert
er with
out Leak
age-In
du
ce
d
Vo
lt
age S
p
ikes
." I
EE
E Tr
an
sactio
ns on
Ind
u
s
t
ria
l
Elect
ronics
, 2
019
.
[24
]
Z
han
g
,
Neng,
G
uid
o
n
g
Z
han
g
,
a
nd
Khay
W
a
i
S
ee.
"
A
Δ
-
Y
Hy
b
r
i
d
Im
p
e
dance
N
e
tw
ork
Boost
Conv
erter
W
i
t
h
Red
u
ced
I
np
ut
C
urrent
R
ip
p
l
e.
"
IEEE T
r
an
s
a
ct
ions
on
Po
wer Electr
o
n
i
cs
,
Vol
3
3
, n
o. 4
, p
p
. 28
0
3
-
2
8
0
8
, 20
1
7
.
[2
5]
H
.
Ja
ng
,
T.
A
hn
,
a
n
d
B.
C
ho
i,
“
Ne
w
h
a
lf-b
ridg
e
d
c
-to
-
d
c
c
o
n
v
ert
e
rs
f
or
w
id
e
input
v
o
l
tag
e
a
pp
li
cati
o
n
s
,
”
i
n
31
st
In
ter
n
a
t
io
nal T
e
lecom
m
un
ica
t
i
ons E
n
erg
y
Con
f
erence
,
2
00
9.
B
I
OGRAPHIES
O
F AUTHO
RS
H
u
s
s
ain
S
a
yed
has
gai
n
ed
h
i
s
m
as
ter’s
d
egree
of
s
c
i
ence
i
n
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
En
gin
e
e
r
in
g
fro
m
t
h
e
U
n
i
v
ersi
ty
o
f
Ark
a
nsas
a
t
Li
ttle
R
o
c
k
-
US
A
,
i
n
201
6.
H
i
s
bach
elor’s
o
f
sci
e
nce
d
e
gre
e
w
as
aw
arded
f
r
o
m
t
he
U
ni
versity
o
f
Tech
no
lo
gy
–
Bagh
dad
,
Iraq,
i
n
2
0
1
0
.
M
r.
S
ayed
h
as
b
een
w
o
rki
n
g
on
i
n
v
e
st
iga
t
in
g
WBG
d
e
vi
ces
a
nd
i
n
p
a
rticu
l
ar
S
iC
p
o
w
e
r
s
w
itchi
ng
d
evi
ces
p
e
rf
orm
a
nce
f
o
r
ov
er
f
ou
r
y
e
ars.
H
e
als
o
w
o
r
ks
o
n
desi
gn
in
g
hig
h
-
vo
lta
g
e
ga
in
p
owe
r
el
ectron
i
cs
c
o
nverters
f
o
r
renewab
l
e
energ
y
a
pp
li
catio
ns.
He
h
a
s
pu
blish
e
d
s
e
veral
p
a
pers
i
n
IE
E
E
p
roceedin
gs
i
n
t
h
e
U
.
S.
a
nd
Canada,
in
a
ddition
to
accredi
te
d
in
t
e
r
n
a
t
io
na
l
j
o
u
r
na
l
p
u
b
licatio
ns.
Mr.
S
a
y
e
d
has
s
t
rong
t
heo
r
et
ical
a
n
d
e
xp
erim
ent
a
l
e
xp
erien
c
es
i
n
u
s
in
g
Lab
V
IEW
s
o
ft
ware
a
n
d
e
qu
ipm
e
nt
i
n
b
o
t
h
academ
ia
a
nd
i
ndu
st
rial
s
ectors.
H
ussai
n
’s
r
oles
a
s
an
acti
v
e
rev
i
ewer
i
n
IEEE
a
nd
S
pri
n
g
e
rs j
ou
rnals.
O
d
ay
A
.
A
h
m
e
d
recei
ved
h
i
s
M
S
c
degree
i
n
E
lectri
cal
a
n
d
E
l
ectro
n
i
c
En
gine
e
r
in
g
fro
m
U
n
i
v
ers
i
ty
o
f
Technol
ogy,
B
aghdad-Iraq,
i
n
2002.
He
w
as
a
w
a
rded
a
P
h
D
d
e
g
r
e
e
f
r
o
m
U
n
i
v
ersi
ty
o
f
L
e
ices
ter
in
2
012
.
S
i
n
c
e
2
002
,
he
h
as
b
een
a
L
ect
u
r
er
i
n
Elect
rical
E
ngi
neeri
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
Dep
a
rtm
e
nt
o
f
En
gin
eerin
g
at
t
h
e
U
nivers
ity
of
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
where
he
t
eaches
E
lectri
cal
M
ach
ines
,
P
o
wer
S
y
stem
s
and
p
o
wer
elect
ron
i
cs.
H
i
s
f
i
e
l
d
o
f
r
e
s
earch
c
ov
ers
a
w
i
d
e
r
ang
e
o
f
s
u
b
j
ects
i
n
R
en
ewab
le
E
nergy
Co
nv
e
r
s
i
o
n
a
nd
En
ergy
S
t
o
r
age,
fro
m
elect
rical
g
en
erato
r
s
an
d
p
o
w
e
r
electro
ni
c
s
t
o
p
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r sy
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ems
an
d
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on
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l
lers
.
D
h
ari
Y
.
M
ahmo
od
i
s
an
a
sst.
P
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of
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at
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he
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epart
m
en
t
o
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l
ectrical
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ng
in
e
e
ri
ng
a
t
t
h
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U
n
i
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ersi
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o
f
Techn
o
l
o
g
y
,
Ira
q.
He
i
s
c
u
rrent
aly,
t
he
d
e
a
n
of
t
h
e
D
epartmen
t
o
f
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lectri
cal
E
n
g
i
neeri
ng.
H
e
has
gai
n
ed
jis
M
.S
c
and
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h
D
i
n
E
lect
rical
P
ow
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n
g
i
n
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S
a
nt.
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e
t
e
rburg
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o
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e
chni
cal
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ns
ti
tute-Rus
sa
i
n
1
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8
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a
nd
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respec
t
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ly.
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r
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d
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r
o
m
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ni
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o
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age
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ng
-Ira
q
.
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w
w
o
k
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t
h
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o
f
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e
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erg
y
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nd
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y
s
t
em
r
es
earch.
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s
up
e
r
v
i
s
e
s
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lar
ge
n
umb
e
r
of
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r
a
du
a
t
e
stu
d
e
n
ts
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n
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t
h
master’s an
d
Ph
.
D. de
g
rees.
K
a
naan
A
.
J
a
lal
is
a
L
ect
urer
a
t
th
e
Dep
a
rtm
e
nt
o
f
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rical
E
ng
in
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e
r
ing
a
t
t
h
e
U
nive
rsity
o
f
T
echno
lo
gy
,
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raq.
He
r
e
cei
ved
h
i
s
P
h
.
D
.
in
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at
U
n
i
versit
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T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
I
r
a
q
.
H
i
s
res
earc
h
i
nt
erests
i
ncl
u
d
e
e
l
ectrical
p
ow
er
e
n
g
in
eerin
g,
r
enew
a
ble
ene
r
g
y
,
and
t
h
e
app
l
i
c
at
io
n
o
f
s
o
ft
c
o
m
pu
ti
ng
tech
ni
qu
es
o
n
d
i
ff
erent
power
s
ystem
p
r
ob
l
e
ms.
W
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leed
H
.
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a
b
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s
a
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ectu
r
er
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t
t
h
e
Dep
a
rtmen
t
o
f
El
ectri
ca
l
En
gin
eerin
g
at
t
h
e
U
ni
versit
y
o
f
T
echn
o
l
ogy
,
Iraq.
H
e
rec
e
i
v
ed
h
is
M
.
S
c..
in
198
5
at
U
ni
versi
ty
o
f
Tech
no
logy,
Iraq
.
H
is
res
earc
h
i
n
t
eres
ts
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
p
o
w
er
e
l
ectron
i
cs
,
renew
a
ble
energy
,
en
ergy
ef
fi
ciency
e
ng
in
eerin
g,
an
d cat
ho
dic
pro
tecti
on sy
s
t
ems .
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