Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
2
,
June
2020
,
pp.
580
~
593
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v
1
1
.i
2
.
pp
580
-
5
93
580
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Des
i
gn o
f h
i
gh perf
or
m
ance DC m
otor act
uated c
able d
riving
system for
com
pact
devices
Chawap
ho
l
Di
rekw
atana,
Ja
ckri
t
S
ut
h
ako
rn
Depa
rteme
nt
of B
iom
edica
l
Eng
i
nee
ring
,
Fa
cul
ty
of
Engi
n
ee
rin
g,
Mahidol
Univ
ersit
y,
Thail
and
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ja
n
6
, 20
20
Re
vised
A
pr
3
,
20
20
Accepte
d
M
a
y
11
, 20
20
The
c
able
tra
ns
mi
ss
ion
is
widely
used
in
the
re
mot
e
op
era
t
ion
or
com
pl
ex
geom
e
try
with
h
igh
stiffne
ss
and
low
bac
kl
ash.
La
rge
r
dru
m
is
req
uire
d
to
red
uce
and
err
o
r
of
tra
nsmiss
io
n
in
long
strok
e.
An
err
or
of
the
d
esire
d
positi
on
oc
cur
s
due
to
the
fleet
ang
le
while
ca
bl
e
winding
on
a
drum
.
The
ref
or
e,
a
ne
w
c
able
dr
ivi
ng
module
which
over
comes
thi
s
proble
m
is
proposed.
A
ne
w
ca
b
le
driv
ing
modul
e
with
a
s
li
ding
pl
at
form
i
s
connect
e
d
to
the
ac
tu
at
or
u
nit
.
A
mo
ti
on
of
the
slidi
ng
p
lat
form
is
cor
respo
nding
to
a
scre
w
rod
conn
e
ct
ed
to
an
actua
tor.
Th
e
pr
ecisi
on
of
th
e
dr
ivi
n
g
sys
te
m
is
me
asure
d
by
a
h
igh
-
resolut
ion
ro
ta
tory
enc
od
er
a
nd
high
gea
r
rati
o
ac
tu
at
or
.
Result
s
ar
e
me
a
sured
by
loa
d
a
nd
err
or
of
the
sys
te
m.
A
loa
d
of
sys
te
m
show
s
a
per
for
ma
nc
e
of
over
a
ll
tra
nsla
ti
on
an
d
rotation
of
th
e
drum
at
diffe
ren
t
spe
ed
s.
An
err
or
of
t
he
sys
te
m
is
m
ea
sured
from
f
orward
and
rev
erse
dir
ectio
n
by
inc
re
asing
and
dec
r
ea
sing
the
numb
er
of
turns
with
consta
nt
spee
d
.
A
sys
te
m
h
as
a
n
av
era
ge
lo
ad
consumpt
ion
along
a
lon
g
stroke
of
ca
b
le
winding
whi
ch
has
no
sign
ifica
nt
problem
o
n
the
scre
w
pla
tfor
m.
Mul
ti
p
le
tu
rns
have
lo
w
err
or
va
lue
in
spec
ific
and
con
ti
nuous
turn
in
forward
and
rev
erse
mot
ion
.
A
new
ca
bl
e
d
rivi
ng
sys
te
m
is
prove
d
in
pre
ci
sion
mov
e
me
nt
.
The
fl
ee
t
angl
e
is
elimi
n
ated
in
n
ew
m
ec
h
ani
sm.
Along
with
a
constraint
mot
i
on
,
th
ere
is
no
significant
c
hange
in
lo
ad
co
nsumpti
on.
An
err
or
is
low
val
u
e
in
a
diff
ere
nt
dir
ec
t
ion
of
movement.
H
enc
e
,
a
n
ew
design
of
c
able
t
ran
smiss
ion
ca
n
per
form
in
high
per
forma
n
ce
and
small
size
of
the sys
te
m
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Ca
ble tran
smis
sion
Flee
t
ang
le
M
oti
on contr
ol
Pr
eci
se tra
ns
mi
ssion
Roboti
cs
Wire
-
dri
ve
n
tr
ansmissi
on
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Jackr
it
S
uth
a
kor
n,
Ce
nter fo
r
Bi
ome
dical
a
nd Robotic
s Tec
hnol
ogy,
Dep
a
rteme
nt of Biome
dical
E
ng
i
neer
i
ng, F
a
culty
of Engi
ne
erin
g,
M
a
hido
l Un
i
ver
sit
y
25
/
25 P
uttamo
nthon 4
Roa
d,
Sala
ya,
Na
kor
n
Pat
hom, Thai
la
nd
7317
0
Emai
l:
jackrit.s
ut@ma
hidol.ac
.th
ja
ck
rit@
bart
la
b.
org
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Power
tra
ns
mi
ssion
s
ys
te
m
is
a
process
to
t
r
ansmit
m
otio
n
from
one
s
ha
ft
to
a
nothe
r
by
connecti
ng
betwee
n
them
su
ch
as
gear,
wire
r
op
e
a
nd
chai
n.
Ca
ble
transmissi
on
is
an
al
te
rn
at
ive
meth
od
to
oth
e
rs
transmissi
on
s
ys
te
m
in
s
mall
and
la
rg
e
s
ys
t
e
m.
It
is
use
d
pri
maril
y
in
lo
w
sp
ee
d
ap
plica
ti
on
s
.
T
he
ad
va
nt
ages
of
ca
ble
trans
missi
on
a
re
hi
gh
sti
f
fn
e
ss,
hi
gh
stre
ngth,
high
po
wer
to
-
wei
gh
t
rati
o,
low
f
rict
ion
a
nd
no
back
la
s
h.
It
r
equ
i
res
l
ow
mainte
na
nce
due
t
o
surface
lu
br
ic
at
io
n
a
nd
ca
n
be
use
d
ove
r
lo
ng
distance
.
Accor
ding to
f
l
exibili
ty,
it
ca
n be
us
e
d
i
n nor
mal an
d
c
ompl
ex ro
ute
of
t
ransmi
ssio
n.
Ca
ble
tra
ns
mis
sion
has
bee
n
widely
us
e
d
i
n
ma
ny
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
s
uch
as
m
edical
dev
ic
e,
aero
s
pace,
rob
otics
an
d
in
man
y
re
searc
h
areas
.
I
n
me
chan
is
m,
ca
ble
transmissi
on
can
be
us
e
d
i
n
com
plex
st
ru
c
ture
in
su
c
h
as s
pheric
al
mech
a
nism
and p
a
rall
el
ogr
am [1
-
3].
In
r
obot a
rm, the si
ze an
d weig
ht
of
r
obot arm ca
us
e a
n
inerti
a
by
t
he
weig
ht
of
joi
nt
act
uato
r
an
d
ri
gid
li
nkage
wh
e
n
it
c
hang
es
in
s
pee
d
a
nd/o
r
directi
on.
T
he
modu
la
r
desig
n
is
a
n
e
ff
ect
i
ve
way
to
ac
hi
eve
a
c
ompac
t
desig
n.
A
m
echan
is
m
ca
n
help
re
du
ce
m
ov
i
ng
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Desig
n of
high
perform
an
ce
D
C mo
t
or
actu
at
ed
c
ab
le
dr
iv
in
g
syste
m
…
(
C
ha
w
aphol
Direkw
atana
)
581
inerti
a
by
us
in
g
fi
ve
-
bar
me
chan
is
m
f
or
e
nd
-
ef
fecto
r
m
oveme
nt
as
s
hown
i
n
[
4
-
6].
A
ca
ble
trans
missi
on
sy
ste
m
ca
n
re
duce
e
nerg
y
c
onsu
m
ptio
n
by
re
locat
ing
the
act
uato
rs
to
the
ba
se
[
7]. M
ore
over
,
the
cable
c
an
be
us
e
d
as
a
reducti
on
mec
hani
sm
with
ne
gligible
back
la
s
h
an
d
lo
w
f
rict
ion
.
A
re
du
ct
i
on
of
ine
rtia
makes
change
i
n
m
otion
easi
e
r,
a
nd
reduce
or
pre
ven
t
dama
ge
due
to
i
nter
nal
colli
sion
s.
A
c
able
tr
an
smissi
on
i
n
rob
ot
arm
is
e
asi
er
to
m
ove
wh
ic
h
r
obot
ha
s
li
gh
t
wei
ght
struct
ur
e
[8
-
12]
.
I
n
me
dical
app
li
cat
io
ns
.
S
urgical
rob
ot
sy
ste
m
in
M
I
S
pe
rfo
rm
s
the
6
-
DOF
m
otions
that
c
onsist
s
of
t
he
tra
ns
la
ti
on
al
a
nd
ro
ta
ti
onal
instr
um
e
nt
for
de
xter
ou
s
m
otion
[13,
14
].
Sur
gical
r
obotic
s
ys
t
em
wh
ic
h
use
s
ca
ble
tra
nsmi
ssio
n
perf
ormed
in tel
eoperati
on
[15].
A
wire
an
d
pu
ll
ey
meth
od
a
r
e
prefe
rr
e
d
co
mpon
e
nts
f
or
trans
mit
ti
ng
a
dr
i
ving
force
[
16
-
19].
The
accurac
y,
siz
e,
and
f
or
ce
a
re
depen
ding
on
joint
mec
han
i
sm
so
that
a
pe
rformance
is
impro
ved
by
li
mit
ed
diamet
er.
Acc
ordin
g
t
o
joi
nt
pu
ll
ey
,
a
te
ns
i
on
e
d
ca
ble
windin
g
at
ro
ll
er
c
auses
a
m
ov
i
ng
r
el
at
ive
joint
w
hich
is
f
ollow
i
ng
by
ca
ps
ta
n
f
orm
ula[20
],
Se
ver
al
previ
ous
w
orks
s
olv
e
d
t
his
pro
blem
by
mi
niatu
re
joi
nt
mecha
nism
suc
h
as
in
[
21,
22]
.
Howe
ver
,
a
miniat
ure
par
t
is
di
ff
ic
ult
to
fabrica
ti
on
an
d
assem
bly.
I
n
li
mit
ed
workspace
a
nd
ch
oice
of
act
ua
tors,
a
rem
ote
ly
-
act
uate
d
ca
ble
-
dr
ive
n
mec
han
is
m
is
a
n
a
lt
ern
at
ive
meth
od
in
M
RI
co
mp
at
ib
il
it
y
for
intra
operati
ve
s
urgical
pro
ce
dures.
It
has
be
en
use
d
to
perform
need
le
inse
rtio
n
fo
r
prostat
e
an
d
t
horacic
inter
ve
ntion
[
23,
24
].
I
n
a
no
t
her
typ
e
of
ca
ble
transmissi
on
c
al
le
d
te
ndon
-
s
heath,
bow
den
ca
ble
-
dr
i
ven
rob
ots
a
re
us
e
d
in
va
riou
s
ap
plica
ti
ons
su
c
h
as
neura
l
reh
a
bili
ta
ti
on
[25
,
26].
A
ca
ble
is
us
e
d
to
tran
smi
t
force f
r
om
pr
ox
imal
end
t
o
distal
en
d
a
nd also
c
on
tr
ol
a
p
os
it
io
n
of
ca
bl
e
wh
ic
h
t
he
le
ng
t
h
o
f
the
cable
in
th
e
sh
eat
h
is
unc
hange
d
with
fri
ct
ion
[27,
28]
.
The
cable
under
te
nsi
on
rea
ct
s
to
strai
gh
te
n
the
cable
c
onduit
du
e
t
o
flexibili
ty
of
c
onduit
.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
a
n
ine
ff
ic
ie
nc
y
a
nd
va
riat
ion
s
in
cab
le
te
ns
io
n
occ
urs
by
fr
ic
ti
on
an
d
be
nd
i
ng
of
co
nd
uit
[29].
A
sp
e
ci
fic
con
t
ro
l
st
rategies
be
co
m
e
a
so
luti
on
to
impro
ve
a
te
ndon
-
sh
eat
h i
n per
f
orma
nce [3
0,
31
].
M
a
ny
se
nsors
are
re
qu
i
red
to
improv
e
a
n
ef
fici
ency
of
tra
ns
missi
on
that
causes
a
co
m
plex
s
ys
te
m
.
In
wear
a
ble
a
nd
re
hab
il
it
at
ion,
s
om
e
researc
her
s
have
at
te
mp
te
d
t
o
buil
d
r
obotic
re
hab
i
li
ta
ti
on
de
vices
ba
sed
on
ca
ble
-
dr
i
ve
n
mec
han
ism
s
[
32
-
36].
E
xos
kelet
ons
w
hich
at
ta
c
hed
to
a
h
uma
n
li
mbs
prov
i
de
m
ovement
functi
on
unde
r
ri
gid
mec
han
i
cal
struc
ture
.
I
n
a
rm
e
xosk
el
e
ton
s
,
a
str
uctu
r
e
can
be
a
seri
al
/parall
el
rigi
d
li
nks
with
ca
ble
-
s
uspen
de
d
dev
ic
e
s
[
37,
38
].
B
y
this
meth
od,
joint
misal
ig
nme
nt
betwee
n
machi
ne
a
nd
human
geomet
r
y
ca
n
be
a
voide
d
a
nd
reduce
d
an
i
njury
to
pa
ti
en
t.
T
he
dyna
mics
of
the
w
hole
cable
-
dri
ve
n
sy
ste
m
can
be
so
l
ve
d
in
m
ulti
body
m
od
el
in
g
a
nd
ca
lc
ulati
on
of
j
oin
t
tor
ques
[
39,
40].
A
desig
n
of
a
mu
lt
i
-
degr
ee
of
fr
ee
dom
ca
ble
-
dri
ve
n
e
xos
ke
le
ton
was
de
ve
lop
e
d
f
or
the
ar
m
[41,
42].
Acc
ordi
ng
to
a
wei
gh
t
str
uc
ture,
a
rigid
li
nks
is
r
eplace
d
by
li
ghtwei
ght
ca
bles
in
str
uctu
re
[43
-
45]
.
It
has
a
low
m
ov
i
ng
ine
rtia
on
m
ov
i
ng
platfo
rm
t
hat
i
s
desi
rab
le
i
n
r
ehab
il
it
at
ion
de
vices.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
a
sla
ck
ness
and
w
orks
pace
of
ca
ble
in
c
on
tr
ol
is
sti
ll
issue.
The
wor
ks
pace
a
na
lysis
f
or
ca
bl
e
-
su
s
pe
nded
m
echan
is
ms
ha
s
been
stu
died
i
n
[
46
-
48].
T
hi
s
point
need
t
o
be
co
nsi
der
e
d
due
to
cable
routin
g
in
struct
ur
e
.
Ac
cordin
g
to
te
nsi
on
co
ntr
ol,
an
en
d
-
ef
fecto
r
f
or
ce
for fu
nctio
nal re
hab
il
it
at
ion
is
usual
ly
us
e
d
a
v
el
ocity
c
on
tr
ol only
[4
9,
50
].
Figure
1
.
Cabl
e drivin
g Syste
m
In
a
dd
it
io
n,
va
rio
us
meth
od
of
act
ua
ti
on
in
cl
ud
in
g
ca
ble
-
dr
i
ven
is
a
pp
li
ed
in
s
of
t
wea
rab
le
r
obots
[51
-
54]
.
a
co
nsi
der
at
io
n
of
s
oft
te
ndon
rou
ti
ng
is
pret
ensi
on o
f
t
he
te
nd
on
s w
it
hout
te
nd
on
der
ai
lme
nt
[
55].
I
n
add
it
io
n,
the
i
mpro
veme
nt
i
n
accu
rac
y
mea
su
re
ment
by
usi
ng
loa
d
cel
l
wh
ic
h
has
bee
n
sho
wn
in
[56
-
59]
.
I
n
force
feedbac
k,
ha
ptic
dev
ic
e
s
with
ca
ble
is
co
ntr
olled
by
servo
m
oto
r
s
t
hat
gen
e
rates
a
reacti
on
force
exe
rt
on
us
e
rs
i
ntrodu
ce
d
i
n
act
iv
e
rob
ot
[
60,
61]
a
nd
passive
rob
ot
[
62
-
64].
The
l
ow
est
i
ne
rtia
is
pr
e
ferr
ing
t
o
movin
g
pa
rt
s
o
that
a
reacti
on
force
e
xer
t
from
dev
ic
e
i
s
more
accu
ra
cy.
I
n
la
r
ge
f
ootp
rint
su
c
h
as
hap
ti
c
dev
ic
e
f
or
sta
bi
li
zi
ng
a
doubl
e
in
ver
te
d
pe
ndul
um
use
ca
bl
e
-
dr
i
ven
to
re
du
ce
a
wei
gh
t
structu
re
[
65,
66].
I
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
2
,
J
une
2020
:
580
–
593
582
sp
eci
fic
area
,
t
he
de
vel
opme
nt
of
ha
ptic
de
vices
is
gras
pi
ng
c
ontrol
whic
h
is
com
pati
ble
with
f
M
RI
[67],
su
r
gical
te
le
operati
on
[
68,
69]
an
d
rob
otic
hands
[
70,
71
]
.
I
n
the
ot
her
fiel
d,
desig
n
a
protot
yp
e
of
cable
-
dr
i
ven
m
ulti
sta
ge
was
de
velop
e
d
f
or
mobil
e
surveil
la
nce
rob
o
t
w
hich
ca
n
s
upport
var
i
ou
s
en
d
-
ef
fector
[
72
]
wh
il
e
a
desig
n
an
d
co
ns
i
der
a
ti
on
of
pr
eci
se
cable
dri
ve
f
or
el
ect
r
o
-
opti
cal
tracki
ng
gimb
al
s
in
[
73,
74].
T
he
eff
ect
of
prel
oa
d
te
ns
i
on and
ba
cklash
te
ste
d.
Pr
eci
se ca
ble drive
has bee
n widely
u
se
d
i
n powe
r
tra
ns
mis
sion,
wh
ic
h
can
prov
i
de
a
great
im
prov
e
ment
ove
r
gea
rs,
be
lt
s
an
d
pull
eys,
c
hains
a
nd
s
procket
s
a
nd
ot
he
r
al
te
rn
at
ive
te
chnolo
gies.
Sig
nificant
a
dv
a
nt
ages
of
pr
eci
s
e
cable
dri
ve
i
nclu
de
no
lu
br
ic
at
ion
,
lo
w
f
r
ic
ti
on
,
high stif
fn
es
s, hig
h
e
ff
ic
ie
nc
y an
d
lo
w
c
os
t
[
75].
In
ca
ble
dri
ving
syst
em,
ca
ble
is
reeled
on
t
he
dr
um
as
dr
i
ving
pa
rt
to
tra
ns
fe
rs
a
f
orce
to
a
dri
ve
n
par
t.
T
her
e
fore
,
it
is
po
s
sible
in
c
onversi
on
of
r
otati
on
-
int
o
-
r
otati
on
(R
2R)
or
r
otati
on
-
into
-
tra
ns
la
ti
on
(
R2T)
.
The
distance
of
cable
tra
velli
ng
is
c
orres
pond
i
ng
t
o
the
num
ber
of
cable
tur
n
on
the
siz
e
of
dru
m.
T
he
lo
ng
stroke
of
tra
nsmi
ssio
n
re
qu
i
res
la
r
ge
siz
e
of
drum
a
nd/o
r
seve
ral
num
ber
of
ca
ble
tur
n.
Althou
gh,
the
increasin
g
numb
e
r
is
possibl
e
bu
t
the
re
is
a
li
mit
at
ion
as
we
ll
.
More
ove
r,
a
n
increa
sin
g
num
be
r
of
ca
ble
tur
n
can
cau
se
an
e
r
ror
an
d
non
-
li
ne
ar
move
ment
in
operati
on.
I
n
preci
se
m
otion
of
ca
ble
tra
ns
missi
on,
a
com
plex
cal
culat
ion
is
need
e
d.
From
t
hese
pr
ob
le
ms
,
the
s
mall
siz
e
of
drum
ca
n
use
in
on
l
y
sho
rt
str
oke
i
n
preci
sion.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
the
co
mp
act
cabl
e
tran
smissi
on
w
hich
has
a
high
pr
e
ci
sion
an
d
lo
ng
str
oke
is
pr
opos
e
d
in
this
pap
e
r
as
s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
1.
2.
MA
TE
RIA
L
S
AND MET
H
ODS
2.1.
Pri
ncipl
e of c
ab
le
transmi
ss
ion
In
dr
ivi
ng
unit
,
the
act
uato
r
sh
aft
is
c
onne
ct
ed
t
o
t
he
dru
m
wh
ic
h
is
a
cylinde
r
s
hap
e
f
or
windin
g
sever
al
ca
ble
tur
ns
.
The
pri
nc
iple
of
cable
t
ran
s
missi
on
ha
s
an
e
qu
i
valent
le
ng
t
h
of
ca
ble
reel
-
in
a
nd
re
el
-
out
in
opposit
e
di
r
ect
ion
simi
la
r
to
pull
-
pus
h
a
ct
ion
.
In
sta
ti
c
conditi
on,
the
te
ns
io
n
of
bo
t
h
cable
e
n
ds
a
re
the
same
w
he
reas
dynamic
c
ondi
ti
on
is
diff
e
rence
.
The
ap
plied
to
rque
from
act
uator
ge
nerat
es
an
a
xial
f
or
ce
o
n
cable.
T
he
dir
ect
ion
of
r
otati
on
e
ff
ect
s
the
te
ns
io
n
of
bot
h
cable
e
nd
s
.
The
di
ff
e
ren
t
t
ensio
n
oc
cu
rs
by
t
he
fr
ic
ti
on
betwe
en
t
he
cable
an
d
pull
ey
and
c
ompli
ant
of
cable
de
pendin
g
on
di
recti
on
of
f
orce
as
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
g
ure
2.
Figure
2
.
Wor
ki
ng
Pr
i
nciple
of Cable
Tra
nsmi
ssion
Figure
3
.
Th
e
typ
e
of
dr
i
ving
mo
to
r:
M
ovin
g base
(to
p)
,
Fix
e
d ba
se (bo
tt
om)
In
mec
han
is
m,
there
are
tw
o
po
s
sible
wa
ys
to
desig
n
a
cab
le
trans
missi
on
f
or
tra
ns
fe
rr
i
ng
t
he
force
in
m
otio
n.
Th
e
m
ov
i
ng
ba
se
ty
pe
is
quit
e
const
raine
d
by
the
r
ou
te
of
t
ran
s
missi
on
si
mil
ar
to
strai
ght
li
ne
because
the
ca
ble
w
hich
re
quires
a
hi
gh
te
nsi
on
w
orks
as
a
rail
for
m
ovin
g
unit
.
O
n
the
ot
her
hand,
the
fixe
d
base
ty
pe
is
a
dr
ivi
ng
unit
is
no
t
m
oved
but
the
cable
is
reeled
in
op
e
rati
on.
It
is
ap
pro
pr
ia
te
with
li
near
transmissi
on,
t
endo
n
-
s
heath
t
ran
s
missi
on
a
nd
i
n
c
omplex
c
able route w
hi
ch
has
the
cha
ng
e
o
f
cable
di
recti
on,
see
Fig
ure
3.
M
ore
ov
e
r,
it
can
be
us
e
d
in
small
movin
g
par
t
w
hic
h
can
reduce
a
siz
e
of
dev
ic
e
at
ta
rg
et
or
work
i
ng
a
rea
due
t
o
a
small
s
iz
e
of
ca
ble.
In
this
paper,
the
fixe
d
base
ty
pe
is
co
ns
i
der
e
d
f
or
lo
ng
str
oke
o
f
op
e
rati
on
a
nd
com
pact
of
dri
vin
g
s
ys
te
m.
In
ad
diti
on,
th
e
lo
w
i
ner
ti
a
of
ca
ble
m
oving
ca
us
es
a
s
moot
h
mo
ti
on
al
ong
t
ran
s
missi
on
a
nd
requires
lo
w
watt
of
m
ot
or
.
In
this
case
the
li
gh
t
weig
ht
of
movi
ng
pa
rt
c
an
be
desig
ne
d by usi
ng
t
his met
hod.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
t
he
sp
eci
fic
desi
gn is re
quire
d
f
or co
mp
le
x
str
uctu
re
2.2.
Diff
ic
ul
ty of c
ab
le
transmi
ss
ion
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Desig
n of
high
perform
an
ce
D
C mo
t
or
actu
at
ed
c
ab
le
dr
iv
in
g
syste
m
…
(
C
ha
w
aphol
Direkw
atana
)
583
Ca
ble
tra
ns
mis
sion
can
be
use
d
i
n
both
li
ne
ar
a
nd
ro
ta
ti
on
al
mo
ti
on
in
m
any
a
pproache
s.
T
he
sh
a
pe
of
pull
ey
is
de
pendin
g
on
the
pur
poses
of
usa
ge
s
uc
h
as
ro
l
le
r,
dr
ivi
ng
o
r
dr
i
ven
pull
ey.
No
t
only
t
he
ty
pe
of
pu
ll
ey
is
c
on
c
ern
e
d
but
the
numb
e
r
of
ca
bl
e
turn
on
t
he
drum
is
a
sig
ni
ficant
point
f
or
sel
ect
io
n
as
well
.
Ca
ble
can
be
wou
nd
i
n
le
ss
than
on
e
or
m
or
e
tu
r
ns
on
th
e
drum
wh
ic
h
has
s
pecific
point
of
intere
st.
Tw
o
major
t
ypes
of
drum
pull
ey
in
cable
tra
ns
mis
sion
a
re
non
-
gr
oove
a
nd
groove
as
s
how
n
i
n
Fig
ur
e
4.
First
ly,
in
non
-
gro
ove ty
pe
, th
e
drum
pul
le
y
has
a s
moo
th cy
li
nde
r
s
ha
pe wh
ic
h
al
lo
w
s a cab
le
reels
fr
eel
y. T
he wid
th of
drum
is
co
rr
e
s
pondin
g
to
the
cable
siz
e
of
t
r
avell
in
g.
It
ca
n
be
us
e
d
in
three
ways;
ro
ll
er,
dri
ve
n
or
dri
ving
pu
ll
ey
.
I
n
ro
ll
e
r,
it
is
use
d
in
changin
g
the
di
recti
on
of
ca
bl
e
tra
velli
ng
w
hi
ch
is
usual
ly
windin
g
le
ss
th
an
one
tur
n
on
dru
m.
More
over
,
th
e
widt
h
of
r
ol
le
r
dru
m
s
houl
d
fit
to
a
ca
bl
e
diam
et
er.
I
n
dr
i
ven
pull
ey,
t
hi
s
functi
on
is
quit
e
simi
la
r
to
ro
l
le
r
but
the
nu
mb
e
r
of
ca
ble
windin
g
ca
n
ha
ve
le
ss
tha
n
one
or
more
depend
i
ng
on
t
he
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
s
uc
h
a
s
i
n
r
obot
ma
nipul
at
or
.
Last
ly
,
th
e
dr
ivi
ng
pull
ey
w
hich
is
co
nnect
ed
to
t
he
a
ct
uator
sh
aft
usual
ly
r
eel
a
cable
in
on
e
or
m
ore
t
urns
t
o
reel
t
he
cable
for
lo
ng
str
oke
of
m
ov
e
ment.
I
n
a
dd
it
io
n,
these th
ree t
ypes sho
w
in
Fig
ur
e
5.
Figure
4
.
Th
e
typ
e
of
pull
ey,
non
-
gro
ove a
nd
gro
ov
e
,
half
-
t
urn (le
ft)
with
gro
ov
e
, mult
i
-
tur
n wit
h n
on
-
gro
ov
e
and
mul
ti
-
turn
with
gr
oove (ri
gh
t
)
Figure
5
.
Thre
e typ
e
s
of
Pu
ll
ey: drivi
ng, rol
le
r
an
d
dr
i
ven pull
ey
Seco
nd
l
y,
the
gro
ov
e
ty
pe,
th
e
dru
m
pull
ey
has
a
helic
al
or
ci
rc
ular
gro
ov
e
f
or
c
on
sta
n
t
t
ran
s
missi
on
rati
o.
In
this
c
ase,
the
dr
um
pu
ll
ey
ca
n
wor
k
as
a
dr
i
ving
pu
ll
ey
or
dri
ve
n
pu
ll
ey
.
In
thi
s
pa
per,
t
he
dri
vin
g
pu
ll
ey
is
c
onsi
der
e
d
in
a
gro
ove
ty
pe.
T
he
re
el
-
in
an
d
reel
-
out
of
cable
is
a
li
gn
ed
i
n
m
ove
ment
c
orrespo
nd
i
ng
to
num
ber
of
tur
ns
.
T
he
tra
velli
ng
distanc
e
of
ca
ble
transmissi
on
is
r
el
at
ive
to
the
ci
rcu
m
fer
e
nce
of
the
dr
i
ving
pu
ll
ey
. T
hus,
t
he
la
r
ge
d
ia
mete
r
can
provide
a lo
ng s
tro
ke of
t
ran
s
m
issi
on
.
The
dr
i
ving
pull
ey
wh
ic
h
ha
s
a
helic
al
gr
oove
on
the
dru
m
is
reele
d
by
c
able.
The
ro
ta
ti
on
of
act
uator
s
haf
t
reels
-
in
a
nd
re
el
-
out
at
t
he
s
ame
distance
i
n
opposit
e
dir
ect
ion
.
T
he
i
nc
reasin
g
of
nu
mb
e
r
of
tur
ns
ge
ne
rates
the
m
ov
e
ment
and
ef
fect
of
cable
tran
smis
sion.
The
num
ber
of
tur
ns
w
hich
i
ncr
eases
a
fleet
ang
le
in
flue
nc
es
a
non
-
li
ne
a
r
moveme
nt
in
operati
on.
T
he
no
n
-
li
nea
r
moveme
nt
of
cable
is
requir
ed
a
distance
c
omp
ensati
on
as
show
n
i
n
Fig
ur
e
6.
Alth
ough,
the
c
omplex
co
mp
e
ns
at
io
n
is
po
s
sible
t
o
do
bu
t
a
n
increasin
g
of
num
ber
of
tu
r
ns
increase
s
a
fleet
ing
a
ng
le
.
More
over,
the
le
ng
t
h
betwee
n
t
wo
axes
is
al
s
o
aff
ect
to
the
a
ngle
of
fleet
an
gle
as
sh
ow
n
in
Fig
ure
7.
It
is
possi
ble
to
ha
ve
a
s
mall
misal
ignment
in
small
degrees
wh
ic
h
li
mit
s
the
numb
e
r
of
tur
ns
.
T
his
a
ng
le
c
ause
s
a
n
inc
reasi
ng
f
rict
ion
on
the
surface
of
ca
ble
an
d
adjace
nt
cable
on
non
-
gr
oove
pu
ll
ey
a
nd
the
su
r
face
of
cab
le
and
the
e
dg
e
of
the
gro
ov
e
in
gro
ov
e
pull
ey.
I
n
helic
al
g
r
oove
pu
ll
ey
, hig
h va
lue of a
ngle
is
po
s
sible t
o ca
bl
e jump to
an
ot
her g
roo
ve.
The
inc
reasin
g
of
fleet
an
gle
causes
t
he
ex
te
ns
io
n
of
le
ngth
betwee
n
t
wo
pa
rall
el
ax
es.
Th
e
no
n
-
li
near
movem
ent
ca
us
es
an
er
ror
i
n
se
ve
ral
tu
rn
s
.
I
n
F
igure.
6,
a
le
ngth
(
l
)
has
a
n
ad
diti
on
le
ng
th
(
l
e
)
corres
pondin
g
to
the
num
ber
of
tu
rn.
In
th
i
s
case,
t
he
c
ompe
ns
at
io
n
is
require
d
for
preci
se
moveme
nt
a
s
fo
ll
ow:
=
√
0
2
+
(
)
2
The
e
xten
de
d
l
eng
t
h
is:
0
l
l
l
n
e
−
=
The fle
et
angle
is co
rr
es
pondi
ng to
t
he numb
er
of
t
urns
ca
n be calc
ulate
d
a
s foll
ow
:
=
−
1
Wh
e
re
α
=
Flee
t a
ng
le
(
degre
e)
n
=
num
ber o
f
tur
ns
;
p
= Pit
c
h of heli
cal
gr
oove;
l
o
= le
ng
t
h betwee
n dr
i
ving a
xis a
nd driv
en
a
xis
l
n
= Leng
t
h of i
ncline a
ng
le
, n
= 1
,
2,3…;
l
e
=
Exten
de
d
Le
ng
th
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In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
2
,
J
une
2020
:
580
–
593
584
In
dri
vi
ng
s
ys
t
em,
t
he
siz
e
of
dri
vi
ng
pu
ll
ey
de
pe
nds
on
t
he
num
be
r
of
tu
rn
a
nd
di
amet
er
of
dr
i
ving
pu
ll
ey
.
T
he
pull
ey
require
s
la
rg
e
diamet
er
to
a
vo
i
d
a
fleet
long
str
oke
m
ov
e
ment.
N
ormal
ly,
the
flee
t
angl
e
has
an
i
nf
l
uen
c
e
in
cable
tra
nsmi
ssion
w
hich
it
exists
in
incr
easi
ng
a
ro
ta
ti
on.
The
preci
sion
is
c
orres
pond
i
ng
to an
in
cl
ine a
ng
l
e
of
t
he
cab
le
at the d
rivi
ng pull
ey.
The f
le
et
an
gle is no
t i
ncr
easi
ng c
onsta
ntly
by nu
mb
e
r
of
tur
ns
.
The
cal
culat
ion
a
nd
c
ompen
sat
ion
a
re
c
omplex
a
nd
diff
ic
ult
f
or
making
a
prec
isi
on
of
syst
em
an
d
li
mit
at
ion
of
f
le
et
ang
le
.
In
add
it
io
n,
a
n
i
ncr
easi
ng
of
pull
ey
siz
e
wh
i
ch
occupies
a
la
rg
e
volume
is
an
al
te
rn
at
ive
way to
decr
ease
th
e fleet
angle
for
lo
ng str
oke.
The
fati
gue
a
nd
f
rict
ion
ca
use
a
reducti
on
of
li
fe
cycle
of
c
able
an
d
cable
transmissi
on
pe
rformance
.
In
t
he
pull
ey
s
el
ect
ion
proce
s
s,
the
siz
e
of
c
able
(
d),
dri
ving
pull
ey
(D)
a
nd
ca
ble
c
on
st
r
uction
are
factor
s
f
or
desig
n
a
nd
c
onside
rati
on
a
s
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
g.
8.
T
his
sp
eci
ficat
ion
s
hould
be
us
e
d
in
a
de
sign.
I
n
ad
diti
on,
the
cable
co
ns
tr
uc
ti
on
an
d
dimet
er
rati
o
ca
n
be
fou
nd
from
c
able/
drum
ma
nufact
urer
.
T
he
pu
ll
e
y
diam
et
er
to
cable
diamet
e
r
is
recomme
nded
to
be
a
rati
o
de
pe
ndin
g
on
the
siz
e
of
c
able
as
w
hic
h
is
a
gen
e
ral
r
ul
e
fo
r
identific
at
ion.
This
i
nformat
ion
gu
i
des
to
a
vo
i
d
great
er
fa
ti
gu
e
or
l
oo
se
a
fle
xib
il
it
y
of
cable.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
there
are
oth
e
r
fact
or
s
i
nf
lue
nce
the
sy
ste
m
s
uc
h
as
dy
nami
c
loading,
dif
fer
e
ntial
loads
in
the
cycle,
drum
al
ign
me
nt, gr
oove
pr
of
il
e, a
nd
fleet
angle ca
n hav
e
an ef
fec
t on r
ope
performa
nce.
Figure
6
.
Th
e
mu
lt
i
-
tur
n o
f
c
able tra
ns
missi
on
Figur
e
7
.
Th
e
Flee
t Angle
be
tween t
wo ax
e
s
Figure
8
.
Th
e
s
chemati
c
of
ca
ble and
dru
m
di
amet
er
3.
DESIG
N OF
HIGH
PR
E
CI
SION OF
CA
BL
E T
RANS
MIS
S
IO
N
S
Y
STE
M
In
previ
ou
s
se
ct
ion
,
t
he
c
on
s
trai
nt
of
ca
ble
transmissi
on
e
ff
ect
s
to
the
pe
rformance
of
sy
ste
m.
The
long
str
oke
a
nd
c
ompact
siz
e
of
ca
ble
tra
nsmi
ssio
n
are
pur
pose
for
the
desig
n.
The
drum
pu
ll
ey
a
nd
cable
siz
e
are
t
he
ma
in k
ey
points
f
or
co
ns
i
der
at
io
n.
The
fi
xe
d
ba
se
ty
pe
is
sel
ec
te
d
f
or
th
e d
ri
vi
ng
unit
.
T
he
gro
ove
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t J
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ow Elec
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ys
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88
-
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694
Desig
n of
high
perform
an
ce
D
C mo
t
or
actu
at
ed
c
ab
le
dr
iv
in
g
syste
m
…
(
C
ha
w
aphol
Direkw
atana
)
585
typ
e
is
a
co
nc
ept
in
desi
gn
wh
ic
h
pull
ey
c
ollec
ts
and
release
s
a
cable
in
the
same
dis
ta
nce
to
maint
ai
n
th
e
sta
bili
ty
of
syst
em.
I
n
c
onve
ntion
al
ca
ble
dr
i
ve,
fleet
ang
le
e
xists
in
mu
lt
iple
tu
rn
of
ro
ta
ti
on.
T
he
new
con
ce
pt
of
des
ign
is
intr
oduc
ed
in
this
paper
to
el
imi
nate
the
fleet
an
gle
wh
ic
h
is
a
s
ign
ific
a
nt
poin
t
of
mu
lt
iple
tu
rn
s
of
ca
ble
tra
nsmi
ssion
as
s
hown
i
n
Fi
g
ure
9.
Acc
ordin
g
t
o
this
so
l
ution,
the
po
ssi
bili
ty
of
ca
ble
jump
is
s
olve
d
as
well
.
Co
nse
qu
e
ntly,
cabl
e
transmissi
on
sy
ste
m
will
ha
ve
a
hi
gh
pe
r
forma
nce
in
te
rm
of
com
pactness
a
nd
preci
sio
n
of
dr
ivi
ng
s
ys
te
m.
T
he
pr
i
ncip
le
of
cable
wi
nd
i
ng
on
gro
ove
pu
ll
ey
ha
s
a
sam
e
con
ce
pt
t
o
th
e
threa
ded
r
od
or
sc
rew.
A
t
hr
e
aded
r
od,
al
so
known
as
a
st
ud,
is
a
l
ong
r
od
t
hat
is
th
rea
de
d
on
whole
le
ngth
or
pa
rt
of
the
rod.
The
threa
d
c
an
perform
eq
uiv
al
ent
t
o
t
he
gro
ov
e
of
pu
ll
ey
wh
ic
h
is
ree
le
d
b
y
cable
i
n
s
eve
ra
l
tur
ns
.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
a
fleet
a
ngle
sti
ll
occ
urs
i
f
it
is
us
e
d
simi
la
r
way
on
t
he
gr
oove
pull
ey
.
T
he
relat
ive m
otion o
f
th
read r
od a
nd num
be
r of
c
able tu
rn are
th
e k
e
y
to
s
olv
e t
his
prob
le
m
.
The
s
pecifica
ti
on
of
t
hr
ea
d
is
dep
e
ndin
g
on
the
siz
e
of
t
he
dimete
r
of
r
od
a
nd
th
read
pr
of
il
e,
see
Table
1.
In
th
is
proce
ss,
the
metri
c
unit
is
co
nvenie
nt
for
cal
c
ulati
on
.
The
mea
ning
t
he
le
a
d
is
t
he
axia
l
distance
the
sc
rew
m
oves
in
on
e
revoluti
on
.
T
he
pitch
is
the
a
xial
distance
bet
ween
t
hr
ea
d
to
th
rea
d.
T
he
mo
st
c
ommo
n
sta
ndar
d
is
U
nified
an
d
M
a
tric
threa
d.
Most
of
them
ha
ve
rig
ht
-
hande
d
th
rea
d
wh
ic
h
hav
e
coar
se
an
d
fine
typ
e
s.
N
orma
ll
y,
the
scre
w
or
bolt
ha
s
a
si
ng
le
-
sta
rt
th
rea
d
wh
ic
h
le
a
d
a
nd
pitch
are
th
e
sam
e
axial
distance
.
Howe
ver,
the
mu
lt
iple
-
sta
rt
threa
d,
the
le
a
d
is
eq
ual
t
o
the
pitch
ti
mes
th
e
num
ber
of
a
sta
rt,
see
Fig
ure
10.
In
t
his
desig
n,
the
siz
e
of
sel
e
ct
ed
cable
sho
uld
a
ppr
opriat
e
with
t
he
groove
of
t
hr
ea
d
prof
il
e
.
The
la
yout
of c
able on t
he
t
hread is s
how
n
i
n
Fi
g
ure
11
.
Figure
9
.
Th
e
desire
d ou
t
pu
t
of cable
fee
ding
(r
ig
ht)
Table
1
. Met
ri
c Thread
Pitc
h
and Ta
pp
i
ng Si
zes
Size
P
ITCH
,
COAR
SE
(
MM
)
Pitch
,
Fin
e
(mm)
M10
1
.5
1
.25
M12
1
.75
1
.25
M16
2
.0
1
.5
M20
2
.5
1
.5
M24
3
.0
2
.0
Figure
10
.Rel
at
ion
of lea
d
a
nd
pitch
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:
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694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
2
,
J
une
2020
:
580
–
593
586
Figure
11
. T
he
thr
ea
d pro
file
an
d ca
ble la
yo
ut
In
c
har
act
erist
i
c
of
cable
tran
smissi
on,
reel
-
in
a
nd
reel
-
out
of
c
able
on
the
dru
m
is
eq
uiv
al
ent
in
ro
ta
ti
onal
m
otion
.
T
he
fleet
an
gle
is
sti
ll
existe
d
i
n
mu
lt
iple
tu
rn
of
t
ran
s
missi
on
wh
ic
h
re
du
ces
a
performa
nce
of
ca
ble
tra
nsmi
ssion.
In
order
to
el
imi
nat
e
a
f
le
et
ang
le
,
t
he
threa
d
rod
an
d
the
ta
p
ho
le
is
us
e
d
to
a
vo
i
d
i
nter
f
eren
ce
with
it
s
el
f
in
c
on
se
cut
ive
tu
r
n
a
nd
re
du
ce
d
a
ca
ble
-
pu
ll
ey
fr
ic
ti
on.
T
he
mod
ule
of
both
com
pone
nts
shou
l
d
be
t
he
sa
me
in
unit
.
I
n
assemble
d
pa
rt
s,
the
re
voluti
on
of
the
th
rea
d
i
s
conver
te
d
to
the
translat
ion
of
mo
ti
on.
In
Fi
g
ure
12
s
hows
the
ca
ble
wi
nd
i
ng
i
n
t
he
la
yout
of
le
ft
-
to
-
rig
ht
an
d
ri
gh
t
-
to
-
le
ft
f
or
the
rig
ht
-
hande
d
th
read.
In
c
on
ti
nu
ous
mo
ti
on,
the
r
eel
ed
cable
on
the
gro
ov
e
dr
um
will
chang
e
in
both
side
s.
For
exam
ple,
if the
left side of ca
ble w
in
ding is
reeled
-
i
n
f
or se
ver
al
tu
rns whi
ch
is t
he
le
ft
-
to
-
rig
ht form, th
e
r
ig
ht
side, r
ig
ht
-
to
-
l
eft
f
orm,
will
be
dec
rease
d
in
the
same
n
umb
er o
f
cable
tur
n
an
d
vice v
er
sa
.
T
his
met
hod keep
s
an
al
ig
nm
e
nt
of ca
ble for
cont
inuous
m
otio
n
.
Figure
12
. T
he
for
m
of
rope
on
bo
t
h
si
des,
le
ft to rig
ht a
nd ri
gh
t t
o l
eft
(r
ig
ht
-
hande
d
th
re
ad)
In
l
ong
str
oke
of
tra
nsmi
ssion,
se
ver
al
tu
r
ns
are
re
qu
ire
d
f
or
ca
ble
wi
nd
i
ng.
T
he
siz
e
of
rod
a
nd
stroke
of cable
can
be
cal
c
ulate
d
in
foll
owin
g eq
uation:
Heli
cal
Length
of m
otor
(
L
H
) n tu
r
n(
s
)
=
√
2
+
2
Heli
cal
Length
of a
ng
le
move
ment
of m
otor
=
360
=
360
The
a
ngle
m
ovement
of drive
n pu
ll
ey
=
360
Re
la
ti
on
sh
i
p b
et
ween
θ
d
an
d θ
m
=
Wh
e
re
C
m
=
Ci
rcumfe
r
ence
of
dri
ving
pull
ey;
p
=
Thr
ea
d
pitch;
θ
d
=
A
ngle
of
dr
i
ven
pu
ll
ey;
θ
m
=
A
ngle
of
dr
i
ving
pu
ll
ey;
d =
dia
mete
r of
dri
ve
n pu
ll
ey;
L
m
=
di
sta
nce of
a
ngul
ar mov
e
ment
Figure
13
sho
ws
the
prot
otype
of
C
AD
de
sign
of
hi
gh
preci
sion
of
ca
bl
e
trans
missi
on
sy
ste
m.
The
act
uator
co
nne
ct
s
to
the
th
rea
d
rod
as
dr
um
p
ulley
in
dri
vi
ng
unit
. O
ne
ca
ble
is use
d
a
nd
the both
e
nd of
ca
ble
is
fixe
d
at
the
drum
pull
ey
on
both
si
des
of
e
dge.
On
d
i
sta
l
end
of
t
hread
r
od
ha
ve
a
bear
i
ng
sup
port
f
or
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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t J
P
ow Elec
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ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Desig
n of
high
perform
an
ce
D
C mo
t
or
actu
at
ed
c
ab
le
dr
iv
in
g
syste
m
…
(
C
ha
w
aphol
Direkw
atana
)
587
smooth
roll
ing
and stabil
it
y.
A
ll
o
f
t
hese
par
ts
are
t
he
set
of
movin
g part.
T
he
fi
xe
d part c
ompose
s
of
t
he
sli
de
rail
an
d
t
he
st
r
uctu
re
wh
ic
h
ha
s
a
ta
b
ho
le
.
The
ta
b
hole
s
hould
c
ompati
ble
with
the
th
read
r
od
is
a
ss
embled
in
betwee
n
both
le
ft
-
to
-
rig
ht
and
ri
gh
t
-
to
-
le
f
t.
The
numb
e
r
of
tu
rn
is
c
orre
sp
on
ding
t
o
t
he
le
ngth
of
t
he
threa
d
rod
a
nd str
oke
requireme
nt.
Figure
13
. T
he
thr
ea
d pro
file
an
d ca
ble la
yo
ut
3.1.
Te
nsioner
On
e o
f
si
gn
i
ficant
facto
r
f
or
t
he
pe
rforman
c
e
of
ca
ble
trans
missi
on
is
the
t
ensio
n
of
ca
ble.
Tensi
on
e
r
is
the
co
mpo
ne
nt
wh
ic
h
ge
nerat
es
an
a
xial
f
orce
t
o
ca
ble.
A
t
rest,
the
te
ns
i
on
s
houl
d
be
a
dju
ste
d
i
n
both
side
of
cable
en
ds
.
An
inc
reasin
g
of
te
ns
i
on
ge
ne
rates
higher
f
rict
ion
or
l
oad
in
dri
ving
sy
s
te
m.
T
he
a
ppr
opriat
e
adjustme
nt
s
hould
be
us
e
d
in
an
i
ns
ta
ll
at
ion.
Th
us,
the
sp
e
ci
fic
desig
n
a
nd
reli
a
ble
is
ne
eded
to
us
e
i
n
th
e
sy
ste
m.
T
he
a
dju
stme
nt
is
use
d
by
scre
we
d
bolt
in
desig
n
f
or
sel
f
-
loc
kin
g
pur
po
s
e
w
hi
ch
does
not
a
f
fect
to
the
sy
ste
m
a
nd
conve
nient
to
set
up.
The
al
ig
nm
e
nt
of
t
he
c
able
is
the
sam
e
after
adj
us
tm
ent.
I
n
this
de
s
ign
,
a
te
ns
io
ner
has
on
bo
t
h
sides
on
the
ba
se.
In
Fi
gure
14
sho
ws
the
str
ucture
a
nd
proce
ss
of
t
ensio
ner.
I
n
te
ns
io
n
adjustm
e
nt,
i
f
the
bolt
is
a
dj
us
te
d
by
us
in
g
he
xago
nal
ke
y,
t
he
ro
ll
er
pu
ll
ey
on
t
he
sid
e
of
te
nsi
oner
will
be
translat
ed
in
horiz
on
ta
l
plane
.
I
n
this
desi
gn,
the
ca
ble
will
kee
p
an
al
ig
nme
nt
of
ca
ble
after
a
djust
me
nt.
Af
te
r
bo
t
h
side
a
dju
s
tment,
both
si
de
s
of
te
nsi
oner
hav
e
t
o
be
loc
ked
on
the
ba
s
e
of
str
uctu
re.
In
this
mecha
ni
sm,
it
is co
nv
e
nient t
o
a
dju
st a
tensi
on and e
nsure
that it
w
il
l n
ot e
asi
ly lo
os
e a
fter a
dju
stme
nt.
Figure
14
. Te
nsi
on
i
ng pro
ce
s
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
2
,
J
une
2020
:
580
–
593
588
4.
EXPERI
MEN
TS A
ND R
E
S
ULTS
In
eval
uatio
n
process
,
the
hi
gh
pe
rforman
ce
of
ca
ble
tr
ansmissi
on
ha
s
to
pe
rform
in
te
rm
of
accurac
y
a
nd re
peatabil
it
y
me
asur
e
ment
of tr
ansmissi
on
sy
s
te
m
as s
how
n
in Fi
gure
15
. T
he
ef
fect
of
t
he
loa
d
in
mec
han
ism
is
al
so
meas
ured.
T
he
st
ru
ct
ur
e
of
syst
em
is
com
posed
of
a
sli
ding
t
hread
r
od
mec
ha
nism,
act
uator,
co
ntr
oller
an
d
high
reso
l
utio
n
me
asur
i
ng
co
mpo
nen
t.
The
act
ua
tor
wh
ic
h
is
M
A
X
ON
DC
mo
to
r
with
gea
r
head
246:1
re
du
ct
io
n
rati
o
is
us
ed
.
This
act
uato
r
is
connecte
d
t
o
the
M
A
X
O
N
E
P
OS2
w
hi
ch
is
a
dig
it
al
posit
ioni
ng
c
ontr
oller.
The
th
read
of
the
r
od
is
M1
6
metri
c
th
rea
d
pitch
2.0
m
m,
coa
rse
pitch.
T
his
r
od
is
modifie
d
both
distal
en
ds
f
or
locking
cable
e
nd.
T
he
r
od
is connect
ed
to
m
otor b
y
c
ouplin
g.
The
ca
pacit
y
of n
umbe
r
of
tur
ns
is
maxi
mum
15
t
urns
w
hich
is
possi
ble
to
use
only
a
bout
10
t
urns.
T
he
re
sts
are
f
or
sa
fety
reas
on
on
bo
th
e
nd
of
th
read
r
od.
The
c
able
siz
e
is
0.8
mm
of
di
mete
r
w
hic
h
i
s
a
7x7
sta
inle
ss
ste
el
wire
r
ope
sli
ng.
T
he
t
ensio
n
cable
can
be
measu
red
by
usi
ng
te
ns
io
n
ga
ug
e
,
Co
rr
e
x
te
ns
io
n
gauge
a
nd
a
dju
ste
d
se
pa
ratel
y
on
both
sides.
In
this
s
ys
te
m,
the
da
ta
will
be
c
ollec
te
d
at
the
joi
nt
of
dri
ve
n
pull
ey
w
hich
co
nnect
s
to
the
e
nc
od
e
r
.
In
add
it
io
n,
t
he ro
ta
ry
e
nc
od
e
r h
as 10
00 PP
R
re
so
luti
on
w
hich
h
as
a
0.09 de
gree
Figure
15
. C
omman
d
a
nd Re
sp
onse
in Fo
rward O
per
at
io
n
4.1.
Loa
d
of sys
te
m
In
al
l
te
sts,
the
o
pe
rati
on of m
otor
sta
rts f
r
om 0
tur
n
a
nd
st
op
at
10
tu
rn
s
i
n
f
orward
di
re
ct
ion
.
O
n
the
oth
e
r
ha
nd,
t
he
rev
e
rse
directi
on
starts
f
rom 1
0
t
o
0
tu
rn
s
.
I
n
meas
ureme
nt,
the
tre
nd
of pl
ot
shows
the
l
oad
i
n
op
e
rati
on
in
di
ff
e
ren
t
s
pee
d
of
act
uat
or
an
d
the
ove
rall
f
rict
ion
al
ong
t
he
range
of
th
rea
d.
The
fir
st
m
odal
it
y
has
only
act
uat
or
meas
ureme
nt.
I
n
t
his
case
,
act
uato
r
is
me
asur
e
d
a
l
oa
d
or
c
urre
nt
to
see
the
cha
racteri
s
ti
c
of
act
uator
loa
d
i
n
ra
nge
of
m
ot
ion
.
Seco
nd
modali
ty,
th
e
act
uator
is
co
nn
ect
e
d
with
a
threa
d
rod
wh
ic
h
is
assemble
d
with
a
ta
b
ho
le
on
t
he
base.
In
this
case,
the
f
rict
ion
is
c
on
c
ern
e
d
due
t
o
a
n
al
ig
nm
e
nt
of
axis
o
f
ro
ta
ti
on.
The
t
hir
d
a
nd
fou
rth
m
od
al
it
y,
the
al
l
com
pone
nts
inclu
des
a
te
nsi
on
e
d
f
or
ce
T
1
a
nd
T
2
w
hic
h
ha
ve
100
a
nd 2
50
ce
nti
ne
wton,
t
hus,
the
loa
d
in
di
ff
ere
nt
te
ns
i
on
s
are d
is
playe
d
as
s
how
n
in
Fi
gure
16
an
d
17.
The
aver
a
ge
loa
d
i
n
num
be
r
of
tu
rn
is
mea
s
ured
to
see
the
s
pe
ci
fic
load
of
ea
ch
ope
rati
on
a
s
show
n
in
Fig
ur
e
18.
In
the
proce
dure,
the
s
peed
of
act
uato
r
is
in
creasin
g
f
rom
500
to
2200
r
pm
to
see
the
load
fee
dback
in
th
e
range
of ope
rati
on
.
F
our mo
da
li
ti
es are m
eas
ur
e
d
a
curre
nt
wh
e
n
t
he
act
ua
tor
is
operate
d as sh
own
in Ta
ble 2.
Figure
16
. C
omman
d
a
nd Re
sp
onse
in Fo
rward
Op
e
rati
on
Figure
17
. C
omman
d
a
nd Re
sp
onse
in
Re
ve
rse
Op
e
rati
on
3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Desig
n of
high
perform
an
ce
D
C mo
t
or
actu
at
ed
c
ab
le
dr
iv
in
g
syste
m
…
(
C
ha
w
aphol
Direkw
atana
)
589
Figure
18
. A
ve
rag
e
loa
d
in
spec
ific
turn
Table
2
. T
he
m
od
al
it
y o
f
loa
d measu
reme
nt
Moto
r
Thread
Slin
g
+T1
Slin
g
+T
2
1
X
2
X
X
3
X
X
X
4
X
X
X
4.2.
Accur
acy of
S
ystem
An
accu
rac
y
of
cable
tra
ns
mis
sion
is
a
sig
nifi
cant
point for p
er
forma
nce of
s
ys
te
m.
The
c
ompact
syst
em
wh
ic
h
has
a
lo
ng
stroke
of
m
ov
e
ment
s
houl
d
gua
ran
te
e
for
a
preci
se
m
oveme
nt.
I
n
me
asur
e
ment,
the
dr
i
ven
pu
ll
ey
is
at
ta
ch
ed
with
ro
ta
ry
encode
r
to
acq
uire
a
data
of
r
otati
on
.
The
hi
gh
res
olu
ti
on
of
enc
od
e
r
provi
des
a
fine
data
in
m
ov
e
ment.
T
he
ou
t
pu
t
res
ult
is
meas
ur
e
d
by
ro
ta
ry
e
nc
ode
r
as
a
n
a
ng
le
.
The
cal
c
ulati
on
of
ro
ta
ti
onal
an
gle
of
dr
i
ve
n
pu
ll
ey
can
be
co
nv
e
rted
t
o
tra
ns
la
ti
on
distan
ce.
Tw
o
as
pec
ts
ar
e
co
ns
ide
r
ed
t
o
measu
re
a
n
ac
cur
ac
y
of
sy
ste
m.
Fir
stl
y,
the
measu
reme
nt
in
s
pecific
tu
rn
sta
rts
f
rom
ze
ro
t
urn
to
ta
rget
turn
wh
ic
h
is
a
nu
mb
e
r
1
to
10.
O
ne
c
ycle
is
forw
a
r
d
an
d
ba
ckw
a
r
d
directi
on
of
meas
ur
ement.
Seco
nd
ly,
the
moveme
nt
sta
r
ts
from
zer
o
t
ur
n
a
nd
c
on
ti
nue
to
ne
xt
tu
r
n
w
hich
one
ste
p
inc
reme
nt
ha
s
cal
le
d
c
on
ti
nuous
tur
n.
T
he
f
orw
ard
m
ov
e
ment
is
finis
hed
unti
l
it
reaches
to
a
maxi
mum
tu
rn.
On
the
othe
r
hand,
the
bac
kw
a
r
d
moveme
nt
sta
r
ts
from
ma
xim
um
tur
n
to
ze
r
o
t
urn
wh
ic
h
ha
s
one
ste
p
dec
reme
n
t.
On
e
c
ycle
incl
ud
e
s
f
orwar
d
and
bac
kwar
d
as
well
.
In
bot
h
cases
,
al
l
c
yc
le
s
are
fixe
d
at
the
same
s
pe
ed
of
r
otati
on
an
d
te
nsi
on
of
cable.
These
process
es
evaluate
re
peatabil
it
y
an
d
accurac
y
of
cable
dri
ving
sy
ste
m.
The
r
esult
of
sp
e
ci
f
ic
and
con
ti
nu
ous
t
ur
n
of
tra
ns
missi
on
s
ys
te
m
sho
ws
i
n
Fig
ure
1
9
a
nd
Fi
g
ure
20,
res
pecti
vely
.
The
re
peata
bili
ty
an
d
accurac
y
a
re
pe
rformed
to
se
e an
d
e
rror i
n o
per
at
io
n.
Figure
19
. E
rro
r of
O
per
at
io
n i
n
s
pecific t
urn
Figure
20
. E
rro
r of
O
per
at
io
n i
n
Co
ntin
uous
tur
n
5.
DISCU
SSI
ON A
ND
C
ONC
LUSIO
N
A
Ca
ble
tra
nsmi
ssion
pro
vid
es
seve
ral
a
dv
a
ntage
s
us
i
ng
wire
a
nd
pu
ll
ey
s
ys
te
m
in
aspe
ct
of
com
pactness
,
l
igh
twei
gh
t
a
nd
fle
xib
il
it
y.
I
t
prov
i
des
a
hi
gh
sti
f
fness
with
small
siz
e,
hi
gh
stre
ng
t
h,
l
ow
fr
ic
ti
on,
a
nd
l
ow
of
back
la
s
h.
These
a
dvanta
ges
are
a
ppli
e
d
to
man
y
mech
anical
de
vices
and
a
ppli
cat
ion
s.
In
transmissi
on,
pull
ey
can
be
use
d
in
ma
ny
as
pects
su
c
h
as
r
oller,
dr
ivi
ng
a
nd
dri
ve
n
pull
ey.
In
eac
h
ty
pe
,
the
pur
po
se
of
sel
ect
ion
is
c
onsidere
d.
The
r
ol
le
r
us
es
f
or
ch
ang
i
ng
di
recti
on
of
ca
ble
tr
avell
ing
.
It
is
us
ua
ll
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.