Intern
ati
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
of
P
o
we
r El
ec
tr
on
i
c
s
an
d D
r
i
v
e
S
y
stem
(I
JPE
D
S)
V
o
l.
11
, N
o
. 2, Jun
e
20
20
, pp
. 56
6
~
57
0
I
SSN
:
208
8-8
6
9
4
, D
O
I:
10.
115
91
/i
jp
e
d
s.v
1
1
.i2
.
p
p56
6-5
70
5
66
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
t
t
p
:/
/ijpe
d
s.
i
a
e
s
c
o
re.
c
o
m
Ca[
M
g
3
SiN
4
]C
e
3+
phosphor: eff
e
ct of pa
rticle concentrati
o
n
on
lighti
ng properties
of the 7000K IPW-LEDs
Q.S
.
Vu
1
,
Ta
ng
Ti
n Da
o
2
, Min
h
Tran
3
1,
2
F
a
c
u
lty
of
Ele
c
tro
n
i
c
s an
d
A
u
t
o
mation
, H
ong
Bang
In
t
e
rnat
i
onal
Universi
ty,
H
o
C
h
i
M
i
nh
Ci
ty,
Viet
nam
3
Optoele
c
tro
n
ic
s
Research
Gro
u
p
, F
acu
lty
of
Ele
c
trical
and
El
ec
t
r
on
ics
En
g
i
ne
er
i
n
g,
Ton
Du
c
T
h
ang
Un
iv
er
si
t
y
,
Ho
C
h
i
Minh
City
,
Vi
etnam
A
r
ticle In
fo
A
B
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
tic
le
h
i
st
o
r
y:
Rec
e
i
v
ed
O
c
t
1
8
,
2
019
Re
vise
d De
c 2,
2
0
1
9
Acc
e
pt
e
d
Dec 31
, 20
19
No
wad
a
y
s
,
th
e
wh
it
e-
li
gh
t-
e
m
it
t
i
n
g
d
i
od
es
(
L
ED
s)
h
a
ve
a
vast
ap
pl
ic
ati
o
n
on
th
e r
e
a
l
-lif
e b
a
se
d
on
i
t
s
su
perio
r
adv
a
nt
ages
for
a
p
plic
ation
in
b
o
t
h
ind
u
s
t
rial
and
civ
i
l
area
. In
th
is
pap
e
r, w
e
c
o
-do
p
ing
th
e C
a
[
M
g
3
Si
N
4
]Ce
3+
P
h
o
s
ph
or o
n
th
e pho
sp
ho
r
co
mpou
nd
of
th
e 7
0
0
0
K In
-c
u
p
P
a
ckag
in
g
Wh
ite
LED
s
(IP
W-
L
E
Ds)
fo
r i
m
provi
n
g
th
e
l
i
g
h
ti
ng p
r
op
e
r
t
i
e
s
.
By
va
ryi
n
g
the
c
o
nc
ent
r
a
t
i
on
of
Ca[Mg
3
Si
N
4
]Ce
3+
P
h
o
s
p
hor
fro
m 0%
to
1.8
%
,
th
e
eff
ect
of
th
e
Ca[Mg
3
Si
N
4
]Ce
3+
o
n
the
D-CCT
,
CRI, CQS,
an
d L
O
of
the
700
0K IP
W-
LEDs
are
inv
e
stig
ated.
U
s
ing th
e
L
i
g
h
t To
ol
an
d so
ftwar
e
, th
e
res
e
arc
h
r
e
su
lt
s s
h
o
w
that
t
h
e co
n
cen
tr
at
i
o
n
of
th
e I
P
W-
L
E
D
s
h
a
s
a
mass
iv
e
in
f
l
u
e
nce
on
the
lig
hting
prop
erties of
th
e 700
0K
IP
W
-
LEDs.
A
l
l
th
e
resu
lts
are
con
v
inc
e
d by
Li
ght
Tool si
mulation.
Ke
yw
ords:
CQS
CR
I
O
p
ti
ca
l pro
p
e
r
t
ie
s
P
h
o
s
pho
r
RP-W
LEDs
Th
is
is a
n
o
p
en
acces
s a
r
ticle
un
d
e
r the
C
C
B
Y
-SA
licens
e
.
Corres
p
o
n
din
g
A
u
t
h
or:
Minh Tr
an,
Opt
o
el
ect
ro
ni
c
s
Re
searc
h
Gr
o
u
p
,
F
a
c
u
lty
of
El
ectr
i
c
a
l
a
n
d El
ec
tr
on
ic
s
Eng
i
n
e
e
r
ing
,
Ton Duc
Thang
Uni
v
ersity, Ho
Chi
M
i
nh City,
Vietna
m
.
Emai
l:
tran
hoa
ng
q
u
an
gmi
nh@
tdt
u
.e
d
u
.v
n
1.
IN
TR
O
DUCTION
N
o
w
a
days
, t
h
e
w
h
it
e-li
g
h
t
-
e
m
i
t
t
i
ng
di
ode
s
(LE
D
s) ha
ve
a
vast
ap
pl
i
cat
i
o
n
on
the
rea
l
-
l
i
f
e
base
d
o
n
i
t
s supe
rior a
d
vant
a
g
e
s
f
o
r a
ppl
i
cat
i
o
n in b
o
t
h
i
n
d
u
st
ri
a
l
a
nd ci
vil
area
.
There a
r
e t
h
re
e
ways t
o
ge
ne
rat
e
t
h
e
whi
t
e
l
i
g
ht
b
y
LE
D
s
fo
r
t
h
e
h
u
ma
n eye
vi
si
on i
n
c
o
mm
onl
y wa
y
as
1
)
fi
rst
wa
y
i
s
c
o
lo
r-mi
xi
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
LEDs
t
o
c
o
nd
uc
t
the
w
h
i
t
e
l
i
ght
2) T
h
e
se
con
d
i
s
u
s
i
n
g t
h
e
ph
os
p
h
o
r
t
o
c
onve
rt
t
h
e
bl
ue
li
g
h
t
t
o
t
h
e
whi
t
e
l
i
ght
in t
h
e
dev
i
ce ca
l
l
e
d
ph
os
ph
o
r-c
on
ve
rt
ed
LEDs,
3
)
an
d
the
t
h
i
r
d wa
y i
s
t
h
e com
b
i
n
a
t
ion
of
opti
o
ns 1 an
d
2 t
o
ge
ne
ra
te
t
h
e
w
h
i
t
e
l
i
g
h
t
[1
-6
]. In
t
h
e
c
o
nve
nti
o
nal
pc-L
EDs, t
h
e
blue
li
ght
fro
m
the
c
h
i
p
di
e
i
s
a
b
s
o
rbe
d
by
t
h
e
yel
l
o
w
ph
os
ph
o
r
t
o
ge
nerat
e
the
r
e
d
a
n
d
ye
ll
o
w
li
g
h
t
s
. T
h
e a
b
s
o
rpt
i
on
of t
h
e
re
d,
blue
,
yel
l
ow
l
i
ght
s i
n
t
h
e p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r c
o
mpo
u
ndi
ng o
f
t
h
e
LE
D
s
i
s
cal
l
e
d sel
f
-a
bs
orpt
io
n.
T
h
e
sc
at
t
e
ri
ng, t
r
a
p
pi
ng
,
a
n
d
a
b
s
o
rp
ti
on o
f
li
g
h
t
a
r
e t
h
e re
as
on
to
d
e
c
r
ea
se
th
e
eff
i
c
i
e
n
cy
of
LED
de
v
i
c
e
s
ca
use
d
b
y
en
erg
y
loss. Ho
w
e
v
e
r
,
the
lig
h
t
sc
a
tte
ri
n
g
an
d tra
p
p
i
ng
by ph
osp
hor
p
a
rt
ic
le
s a
l
so
in
cre
a
s
e
th
e
pr
ob
ab
ilit
y
o
f
li
gh
t b
e
in
g
ab
sorb
ed b
y
t
h
e
cup
,
pac
k
a
g
i
ng
ma
te
ri
al
s,
ma
inl
y
by
L
E
D
s
die
t
o
i
m
pr
ove t
h
e
opti
c
a
l
p
r
o
p
e
r
ti
es
o
f
t
h
e LE
D
s
. He
re, t
h
e
li
g
h
t
i
ng
perfo
rma
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
LE
Ds i
s
infl
ue
nce
d
b
y
t
h
e c
onc
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
on
of p
h
o
sp
hor
, t
h
e
t
h
i
c
k
n
e
ss o
f
t
h
e
ph
os
ph
o
r
-
com
p
o
s
it
e la
ye
r,
t
h
e
si
ze
o
f
p
hos
p
h
o
r
pa
rt
i
c
l
e
s,
a
n
d
t
h
e
cu
rvat
u
r
e
of
t
h
e
e
n
ca
psul
at
i
n
g
s
u
rfa
ce [6
-15
]
.
From
t
h
at
p
o
i
n
t
of
vi
ew
, i
m
p
r
ovi
ng
the
li
ght
in
g
pro
p
erti
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
Whi
t
e L
E
Ds
(WLE
Ds
)
by
re
se
a
r
c
h
ing
t
h
e
mat
e
ri
al
in t
h
e
ph
os
ph
o
r
l
a
ye
r is nee
d
mo
re
a
n
d
m
o
re
de
ve
l
ope
d a
n
d it
is t
h
e
goal
o
f
t
h
i
s
pape
r.
In
thi
s
pape
r,
w
e
c
o
-
d
opi
ng
t
h
e C
a
[
M
g
3
Si
N
4
]C
e
3+
o
n
t
h
e
p
hos
p
h
o
r
c
o
mp
ou
n
d
of t
h
e
70
00
K
I
n
-c
up
Pa
cka
g
i
n
g
Wh
i
t
e
LED
s
(IP
W
-L
ED
s)
fo
r i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g the
l
i
ght
i
n
g
prope
rt
i
e
s. By
varyi
n
g t
h
e c
onc
ent
r
at
i
on
of
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
o
w
Elec &
Dri Sy
st
I
SSN
: 2
0
8
8
-8
69
4
Ca
[M
g
3
Si
N
4
]Ce
3+
phos
p
hor
:
ef
fe
ct
of
p
a
rt
i
c
l
e
co
nce
n
t
r
at
i
o
n on
l
i
ght
in
g
p
r
op
e
r
t
i
e
s of
… (Q
.
S
.
V
u
)
5
67
Ca
[M
g
3
SiN
4
]C
e
3+
f
r
o
m
0
%
to
1
.
8
%
,
th
e eff
ect
o
f
th
e
Ca[M
g
3
SiN
4
]C
e
3+
Ph
o
s
ph
or
on
th
e D
-
CC
T, C
R
I, CQ
S,
an
d
LO of
t
h
e 700
0K IPW-LED
s is in
v
e
stig
a
t
e
d
.
Us
i
n
g
th
e
Lig
h
t
To
o
l
and
so
ft
w
a
r
e
,
t
h
e
r
e
se
ar
ch
r
e
su
l
t
s
sho
w
th
a
t
t
h
e
c
once
n
t
r
a
t
io
n
of
t
h
e IP
W-
LED
s has a
ma
ssi
v
e
inf
l
ue
nce
on t
h
e l
i
ght
i
n
g pr
ope
r
t
i
e
s o
f
the
70
0
0
K
I
P
W-
LE
Ds
.
Al
l
the
r
e
s
u
lt
s
are
co
nvi
nce
d
b
y
Li
ght
T
o
ol
si
m
u
la
ti
on.
T
h
er
e
are
s
o
me
mai
n
cont
ri
b
u
ti
ons
o
f
t
h
i
s
re
se
ar
ch
:
a.
The
I
P
W-LE
D
s
mo
de
l
is
si
m
u
l
a
t
e
d b
y
Li
gh
t
Tool
s s
o
ft
wa
r
e
i
n
t
h
e
s
eco
n
d
se
ct
io
n
wi
th
the
re
al
LE
Ds
pa
ra
met
e
r
s
.
b.
We
u
s
e th
e
M
a
t La
b
so
ftw
a
r
e
to
inv
e
stig
a
t
e
t
h
e sca
t
t
e
r
i
ng
pro
c
e
s
se
s
in
t
h
e
p
h
o
s
p
hor
la
y
e
r IPW
-
LED
s
i
n
th
e
th
i
r
d
se
ct
i
o
n
.
c.
T
h
e e
ffe
ct
of th
e Ca
[Mg
3
SiN
4
]C
e
3+
P
h
o
s
pho
r
c
o
n
c
e
n
trat
ion
on
th
e lig
h
tin
g
pr
op
er
tie
s i
n
t
e
r
m
s
of
CR
I,
CQ
S,
D-
C
C
T, a
n
d LO
is
c
o
nvi
n
c
e
d
by
th
e
Li
g
h
t
Too
l
si
mu
latio
n
in
th
e
th
ird
se
c
tion
.
2.
RESEARCH M
E
THOD
I
n
th
is se
c
tion
,
th
e
5
6
0
0
K
RP-W
L
E
Ds
a
r
e
e
m
p
l
oy
ed
.
F
i
gu
r
e
1
(
a)
pr
e
s
en
ts a r
e
al W
L
E
D
s
p
a
c
k
ag
e.
Ba
se
d
on
t
h
is
p
a
c
k
a
g
e
,
th
e
re
mo
te
ph
ospho
r co
mp
oun
d
i
s
bu
ilt
u
s
i
n
g
Lig
h
t
Too
l
s so
f
t
w
a
r
e
, as sho
w
n in
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
(
b).
In
t
h
is mo
de
l,
I
P
W-L
E
Ds
ha
ve
been
c
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
e
d
as
i
n
pre
v
i
ous
st
udi
es
.
Th
e
pri
m
a
r
y
para
me
t
e
r
s
o
f
th
e
7
0
00K
IPW-
LED
s
c
a
n
b
e
co
ndu
c
t
e
d
as
in
[
13]
.
(a)
(b
)
Fi
gu
re
1.
(a
)
T
h
e
re
al
w
h
i
t
e
L
E
Ds
pa
c
k
age
,
(
b
)
The
I
P
W-
L
E
Ds
3.
RE
S
U
LT
S
A
N
D
DI
SC
US
S
I
ON
Th
e
op
t
i
ca
l
p
r
op
er
tie
s o
f
Ca
[M
g3
SiN
4
]C
e
3
+ p
a
r
tic
le
s a
r
e co
nf
igu
r
ed by
u
s
ing
t
h
e
M
a
t Lab
sof
t
w
a
re
ba
se
d o
n
Mi
e-t
h
eo
ry as
i
n
[
1
3
,
1
6
-
2
5
]. T
h
e
scat
t
e
ri
ng c
o
effic
i
ent
μ
sc
at
t
e
ri
ng
(
λ
)
,
a
n
i
s
ot
r
o
py
fa
ct
o
r
g(
λ
)
, a
n
d
red
u
ce
d sca
t
t
e
r
i
ng
c
o
e
ffi
ci
ent
δ
sc
a
(
λ
)
ca
n be
formul
at
ed
as
()
(
)
(
,
)
s
c
at
t
e
r
i
ng
s
c
at
t
e
r
i
ng
Nr
C
r
d
r
, (
1
)
1
1
(
)
2
(
,
,
)
(
)
c
os
(c
os
)
g
pr
f
r
d
d
r
, (
2
)
(1
)
scat
teri
ng
scat
teri
ng
g
. (
3
)
In
the
s
e
e
q
uat
i
ons
,
t
h
e
pri
m
a
r
y c
o
ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
a
r
e c
hose
n
a
s
i
n
[
1
3
,
18
-2
2
]
.
B
y
u
s
i
n
g th
e
M
a
t
Lab
sof
t
wa
re
, t
h
e
in
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
the
C
a
[M
g3
Si
N
4
]
Ce3+
p
a
r
tic
le
s conc
e
n
tr
at
ion
on
t
h
e sca
t
t
e
r
i
ng
,
r
e
d
u
ce
d
sca
t
t
e
r
i
ng
an
d
ani
s
otr
o
p
y
coe
ffi
ci
e
n
t
s
a
r
e
pl
ott
e
d
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
s 2,
3 a
n
d
4,
r
e
s
p
ec
ti
v
e
l
y
.
I
n
th
is
sim
u
la
tion
a
n
al
y
s
is,
w
e
v
a
ry
the
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
tion
o
f
th
e C
a
[
M
g3
S
i
N4]Ce
3
+
pa
rt
icl
e
s
f
r
o
m
1
%
to
5%
.
As
sho
w
n i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
2, we c
a
n
st
a
t
e
t
h
at
t
h
e
sc
at
teri
n
g
coe
f
fi
ci
e
n
t
s
of
t
h
e
wa
v
e
l
e
ngt
h 4
5
3
,
555
,
an
d 68
0 n
m
ha
ve
co
ns
id
e
r
ab
le
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
wh
il
e th
e
co
n
cen
tr
a
t
i
o
n of
th
e Ca
[M
g3
Si
N
4
]
C
e
3
+
p
a
r
tic
le
s r
i
se fro
m
1
%
to
5
%
.
Th
e
sc
at
te
ri
ng
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
w
a
ve
le
n
g
th
6
8
0
nm is t
h
e lo
we
st one
an
d
of
the
45
2
nm
i
s
t
h
e
hi
g
h
est
o
n
e
.
It
c
a
n
be
obse
r
ve
d t
h
at
t
h
e
scat
t
e
r
i
n
g
of
t
h
e
ye
ll
o
w
l
i
ght
i
n
t
h
e
ph
o
s
ph
o
r
l
a
ye
r
i
s
hi
g
h
er
tha
n
o
f
the
othe
r
on
e.
T
h
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
: 2
088
-8
6
94
Int
J
P
o
w
Ele
c
& D
r
i
S
y
st, V
o
l
.
1
1
,
N
o
.
2, Ju
ne
20
2
0
:
5
6
6
–
570
56
8
ca
n
be
le
ad t
o
t
h
e hi
ghe
r l
i
g
hti
ng
pe
rf
orma
nce
o
f
the
IP
W-L
E
Ds
. F
u
rt
h
e
rmo
r
e, t
h
e
a
n
i
s
ot
ro
py c
o
e
f
fi
ci
ent
v
e
rsu
s
th
e Ca
[
M
g3
S
i
N4]
C
e
3
+
p
a
rt
ic
le
co
n
c
en
tr
ati
on is i
l
lu
st
ra
te
d in
F
i
gu
r
e
3 w
i
th r
i
sin
g
of
t
h
e
Ca
[M
g
3
Si
N
4
]C
e3+
pa
rt
ic
le
s
c
onc
ent
r
at
i
o
n
from 1
%
to
5
%
. F
r
om Fi
gu
re 3, we
ca
n se
e t
h
at
t
h
e
ani
s
otro
p
y
coe
f
fi
ci
ent
o
f
the
4
5
3
an
d 68
0
nm
i
s
the
sa
me
w
i
t
h
eac
h ot
h
e
r, b
u
t
t
h
e a
n
i
s
ot
rop
y
o
f
t
h
e
5
55
nm i
s
hi
g
h
e
r
t
h
an
ot
he
rs. It
ca
n
h
a
ppe
n
bec
a
use
of
t
h
e
a
n
i
s
ot
ro
py
proc
ess
i
n
t
h
e
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
l
a
yer
of the
yel
l
o
w li
ght
i
s
be
tt
er
t
h
an
ot
he
r one
s
as t
h
e
ab
o
v
e ca
se
o
f
the
sca
t
t
e
ri
n
g
c
o
e
f
fi
ci
en
t
.
Fi
nal
l
y
, the
re
duce
d
sc
at
t
e
ri
n
g
proc
ess
i
n
t
h
e
ph
osph
o
r
la
ye
r o
f
the
IP
W
-
L
E
Ds i
n
the
c
o
nnec
t
i
o
n
wi
t
h
t
h
e C
a
[
M
g3
S
i
N4
]Ce
3
+
pa
rt
ic
le
con
c
ent
r
at
i
o
n
is
sho
w
e
d
i
n
F
i
g
u
re
4
.
As i
l
l
u
st
rat
e
d i
n
Fi
gu
re
4,
t
h
e
sca
t
te
ri
ng
c
o
e
f
fic
i
e
n
t
of
a
l
l
re
d,
bl
ue
an
d
yel
l
ow
l
i
g
ht
s a
r
e
t
h
e sa
me
. Fro
m
t
h
e resea
r
c
h
re
sul
t
s
, it
ca
n be st
at
ed
tha
t
t
h
e in
flue
nce
of t
h
e
C
a
[
M
g
3
S
iN4]Ce
3+
pa
rt
i
c
l
e
s
conc
e
n
t
r
at
i
o
n on
t
h
e
scat
t
e
rin
g
proce
s
se
s i
n
t
h
e
IP
W-LE
Ds
ph
os
ph
o
r
la
ye
r is co
nsi
d
e
r
a
b
l
e
[23
-
25
].
Fi
gu
re
2.
Sc
at
t
e
ri
n
g
c
o
effic
i
e
n
t
s
F
i
gure
3. A
n
i
s
ot
rop
y
sc
at
te
ri
ng
Fi
gu
re
4. Re
d
u
c
e
d scat
t
e
ri
ng
c
o
effic
i
ent
s
The
i
n
fl
ue
nc
e
of
t
h
e Ca
[M
g
3
S
i
N
4
]
C
e
3+
pa
r
t
i
c
l
e
conc
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
on on
the
C
R
I
i
s
s
h
o
w
n i
n
F
i
gu
re
5
wit
h
ri
sing
o
f
th
e
c
once
n
trat
io
n
from
0%
t
o
1.
8%
. As
s
h
o
w
n i
n
Fi
gu
re
5, t
h
e
CR
I fal
l
s f
r
om 6
8
t
o
6
1
wi
th
rai
s
ing
t
h
e c
once
n
trat
i
on o
f
t
h
e
C
a
[Mg
3
S
i
N
4
]Ce
3
+.
F
u
rt
h
e
r
m
o
r
e, t
h
e C
Q
S
ve
rs
us
t
h
e C
a
[
M
g
3
S
i
N
4
]Ce
3
+
conc
e
n
t
r
at
i
o
n
i
s
dra
w
n in Fi
g
u
re
6. As i
n
F
i
gu
re
5
,
w
e
se
t
t
h
e val
u
es of
t
h
e C
a
[M
g3
Si
N
4
]C
e3+
c
once
n
t
r
a
t
ion
from
0% to
1
.
8
%
. The
C
Q
S
d
e
cre
a
ses
from
66
t
o
62
wi
t
h
t
h
e ri
si
ng
of t
h
e
Ca[M
g3S
i
N
4]C
e
3+ co
nc
e
n
t
r
at
i
o
n
.
Th
e r
e
su
l
t
s
f
r
om Fig
u
r
e
5 and
6 c
a
n
b
e
ob
ser
v
ed th
a
t
t
h
e
d
o
p
i
ng
of th
e
Ca[
M
g3
S
i
N4
]Ce
3
+
o
n
t
h
e
ph
o
s
ph
or
l
a
yer
has a
h
u
g
e
im
pac
t
o
n
t
h
e
CR
I
a
n
d C
Q
S
of t
h
e
IP
W
-
LE
Ds
by
i
n
fl
uence
o
n
t
h
e
s
c
a
t
t
e
ring
pr
oce
sses o
n
th
e
pho
sp
ho
r
l
a
y
e
r.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
o
w
Elec &
Dri Sy
st
I
SSN
: 2
0
8
8
-8
69
4
Ca
[M
g
3
Si
N
4
]Ce
3+
phos
p
hor
:
ef
fe
ct
of
p
a
rt
i
c
l
e
co
nce
n
t
r
at
i
o
n on
l
i
ght
in
g
p
r
op
e
r
t
i
e
s of
… (Q
.
S
.
V
u
)
5
69
Fi
gu
re 5.
CR
I
Fi
gu
re 6.
CQ
S
Fi
nal
l
y
, t
h
e
L
O
a
n
d
D
-
C
C
T
vers
us t
h
e C
a
[
M
g
3
S
i
N4
]
C
e
3
+
c
onc
ent
r
a
t
i
o
n ar
e i
l
l
u
st
rat
e
d
in
F
i
gur
e
7
a
n
d
8
,
re
spect
i
v
el
y.
As
s
h
o
w
n in
Fi
g
u
re
7
,
t
h
e L
O
ha
s a
h
u
g
e inc
r
ea
se f
r
o
m
8
0
0
l
m
t
o
1400
l
m
wi
th t
h
e
r
i
si
ng
of
t
h
e
C
a
[
M
g
3
S
i
N
4
]
C
e
3+
co
nc
ent
r
at
i
o
n
f
r
o
m 0%
to
1.
8%
.
F
u
r
t
he
rm
or
e,
the
D-C
C
T
de
cr
ea
se
s
fr
om
4
0
0
0
K
t
o
1
500
K
w
h
i
l
e
we
va
r
y
t
h
e
Ca
[M
g
3
Si
N
4
]
C
e3+
c
once
n
t
r
a
t
ion
fr
om
0%
t
o
1.
8% as
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
8.
It
c
a
n
b
e
sta
t
e
d
th
at
th
e
h
i
gh
er th
e
C
a
[
M
g3
Si
N4]C
e3
+
c
o
n
cen
tr
at
io
n,
t
h
e
b
e
tte
r
L
O
an
d D-
CCT
of
th
e
IPW
-
L
E
D
s
.
The
s
e res
u
l
t
s a
g
re
e
wel
l
wi
th
t
h
e
sc
at
te
ri
n
g
p
r
oc
es
ses a
n
al
ys
is i
n
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
se
ct
i
on.
Fi
gu
re
7.
Lu
mi
no
us f
l
u
x
F
i
gu
r
e
8.
D
-
C
C
T
4.
CO
NCL
US
IO
N
In t
h
i
s
pa
p
e
r
,
we
co
-
dopi
n
g
t
h
e Ca
[
M
g
3
SiN
4
]C
e
3+
on
th
e
p
h
o
s
ph
or co
mp
oun
d
of
th
e
70
00K
IP
W-
LEDs
f
o
r
imp
r
ov
i
n
g
the
l
i
gh
ti
n
g
prop
er
tie
s.
B
y
v
a
ry
in
g th
e
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
of
C
a
[Mg
3
Si
N
4
]Ce
3+
Phosp
hor
f
r
o
m 0%
t
o
1.
8%
,
t
h
e
ef
f
e
c
t
of
t
h
e
C
a
[
M
g
3
SiN
4
]C
e
3+
o
n
th
e D
-
CC
T,
CR
I
,
C
Q
S,
an
d
LO
o
f
th
e 7
000K
I
P
W-
LED
s a
r
e in
ve
st
i
g
at
ed.
U
s
i
n
g
the
Li
ght
T
o
ol
a
nd
s
o
ft
wa
re
,
t
h
e re
sea
r
ch
re
sul
t
s sh
ow
t
h
at
t
h
e
c
o
nce
n
t
r
a
t
ion
of
t
h
e
IP
W-L
E
Ds
ha
s a
ma
ssi
ve
inf
l
ue
nce
o
n
t
h
e l
i
ght
i
n
g
pr
op
e
r
t
i
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
70
00
K
I
P
W-LE
D
s
.
Al
l
t
h
e
resul
t
s
ar
e
co
nv
i
n
ced
by
Li
g
h
t
To
o
l
si
mu
la
ti
o
n
and
p
r
ov
i
d
e
a
nov
e
l
rec
o
mmend
a
tion
fo
r LEDs m
a
nu
f
a
ctu
r
i
n
g
.
A
C
K
N
OWLED
GM
EN
TS
Thi
s
wo
r
k
is fu
nde
d b
y
Ho
n
g
B
a
ng
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
onal
U
n
ive
r
si
ty un
de
r gra
n
t
c
ode
GV
201
9
.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
[1]
L
E
D Packa
g
i
ng
fo
r L
i
gh
ting
Ap
plica
t
io
ns
. “De
s
i
g
n
o
f
LE
D
Pa
c
k
a
g
i
n
g App
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,”
pp. 21
5–
31
5, 20
11.
do
i:
10
.
1
0
02/
97
8
0
47
08
2
7
8
5
7
.
c
h6.
[2]
Li
n,
Yu
a
n
-Cha
ng,
Ji
un Py
ng Yo
u,
Ngu
y
e
n
T.
Tra
n
, Yon
g
z
h
i He, a
n
d
Fra
nk G. S
h
i
.
"Pa
c
k
a
g
in
g
o
f
Pho
s
ph
or
Ba
sed
H
i
g
h
P
o
wer Wh
ite LED
s
:
Effect
s of P
h
o
s
p
hor
Con
centr
ation
and
P
ack
aging
Con
f
ig
uratio
n
.
"
Jo
ur
na
l of
E
l
ec
tr
on
ic
Pa
c
k
agi
ng
,
Vol
.
13
3,
No
.
1
,
20
11.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
: 2
088
-8
6
94
Int
J
P
o
w
Ele
c
& D
r
i
S
y
st, V
o
l
.
1
1
,
N
o
.
2, Ju
ne
20
2
0
:
5
6
6
–
570
57
0
[3]
Tran
, Ng
uy
e
n
Th
e, Jiun
Py
ng
You
,
an
d F
.
g
.
S
h
i. "Effe
c
t
of
P
h
osp
h
o
r
P
a
rtic
le S
i
z
e
on
Lu
m
i
no
us
Efficacy
of
Ph
osp
h
o
r-Con
ve
r
t
e
d
W
h
ite
LE
D."
J
o
urn
a
l
o
f
Li
g
h
t
w
av
e Te
c
h
no
log
y
,
Vol.
2
7
, No
.
22
,
pp. 5
1
4
5
-1
50,
20
09.
[4]
Lu
o, Xi
aob
i
ng
,
Ru
n Hu
,
S
h
eng
Liu, and
K
a
i Wang
.
“Heat
and
F
l
u
i
d
F
l
ow
in
H
i
g
h
-P
ow
er
LED P
ackag
ing
an
d
Applica
t
ions.”
Pro
g
r
e
ss
in
En
erg
y
an
d Co
mb
us
tio
n
Scien
c
e,
Vol
.
56,
pp.
1–
32,
2
016
.
[5]
Hu,
Run
,
Xi
aobing Luo,
and
Sh
eng
L
i
u.
“Effect
of
the Amount
of Phos
phor Silicone Gel on Op
t
i
cal Propert
y
of
Wh
it
e Ligh
t-
E
m
itt
i
n
g
Diod
es
P
ack
ag
in
g.”
2
0
11 12
th
Int
e
rn
atio
nal
Co
nfer
ence
on
El
ectr
onic Packa
g
i
n
g
T
echn
o
lo
gy
and
High
Den
s
ity
Pa
cka
gin
g
,
20
11
.
d
o
i
:10
.
11
09
/icep
t.
2
0
1
1
.6
06
70
15
.
[6]
Tran
,
N
g
u
y
en
T
.
, and F
r
ank
G
.
S
h
i.
“S
tu
d
i
es of P
h
o
s
ph
or Con
cen
tratio
n
and
Thic
k
n
es
s for P
hos
p
h
or-Based
Wh
ite
L
i
ght
-
Emitti
ng-
D
iodes.
”
Jour
na
l o
f
Ligh
twa
v
e T
echno
lo
g
y
,
Vo
l. 26
,
No
.
2
1
,
pp
. 35
56
–3
55
9
,
2
0
0
8
.
[7]
Sh
ua
i
,
Y.,
Y.
He
, N
.
T
.
T
r
a
n
,
F.
G.
Sh
i,
“
A
ng
ula
r
C
C
T
unifor
m
ity
of p
hos
ph
or-
c
on
vert
ed wh
it
e
LEDs
:effe
cts
of
ph
os
pho
r mater
i
als
and p
a
ckag
ing
structures
”,
I
E
EE
Ph
oton
ics
T
e
ch
no
lo
gy L
e
tt
ers
, Vo
l.
23
, No
. 3,
pp
. 13
7–
13
9
,
20
11
.
[8]
So
m
m
e
r, Chri
stia
n,
Fra
n
z
-
Pe
te
r
W
e
n
z
l,
Pa
ul Hartm
a
nn, Pe
te
r P
a
c
h
le
r,
M
a
rk
o
Sc
hwe
i
g
h
a
r
t,
Ste
f
a
n
T
a
sc
h,
a
nd
Gün
t
h
e
r Lei
s
i
n
g
.
“Ta
ilo
rin
g
o
f
th
e
C
o
l
o
r Co
nv
e
r
si
on
Ele
m
e
n
ts
i
n
Ph
osph
o
r-Con
ve
r
t
e
d
Hig
h
-Powe
r
LE
Ds by
Op
ti
ca
l S
i
mu
lat
i
o
n
s
.
”
IEEE Ph
oton
ic
s Te
c
h
nolo
g
y
Le
tte
rs,
Vol.
20
, No. 9, pp
. 73
9
–
74
1
,
2
0
0
8
.
[9]
L
i
,
Sh
u
i
mi
ng
,
Ka
i
Wa
n
g
,
Fei Che
n
,
Sh
ua
n
g
Zha
o
,
Zhil
i Zh
a
o
,
a
nd
Sh
e
ng
L
i
u.
“
A
ng
u
l
a
r
Col
o
r Un
ifo
r
mi
ty
En
han
cemen
t of P
h
os
pho
r
Co
nverted
Whi
t
e
LEDs Integr
ated
w
i
th
Co
mp
act M
odif
i
ed
F
r
eeform
TI
R
Co
m
p
on
en
ts.”
20
12
13
th
In
tern
ation
a
l Con
f
er
en
ce o
n
E
l
ec
tr
on
ic
Packa
g
i
n
g
T
e
ch
no
log
y
&am
p
; H
i
gh
D
e
nsity
Pa
ck
a
g
ing
.
20
12
.
[10]
L
i
u
,
Z
o
n
g
y
u
a
n
,
She
n
g
L
i
u,
Ka
i Wa
n
g
,
a
n
d
Xia
obi
ng
L
uo.
“
A
n
a
ly
si
s
o
f
Fa
c
t
ors Affe
c
t
in
g Co
lo
r
Di
st
rib
u
t
i
on o
f
Wh
it
e L
E
D
s
.”
20
08
In
tern
at
io
nal Co
nfer
en
ce o
n
Elec
tro
n
ic
Pa
ckag
i
ng
T
echn
o
log
y
&
a
mp
; High
Den
s
i
t
y
Pa
ckag
i
ng
. 20
08.
[11]
Liu,
Zong
yu
an
,
S
h
en
g Liu,
K
a
i
Wang
,
and
X
i
ao
bin
g
Luo.
“O
ptical
Anal
ysis of
Color Di
stri
buti
on in
W
h
i
t
e LEDs
W
i
t
h
Va
rio
u
s Pac
k
a
g
i
ng Me
th
ods.”
IEEE Ph
ot
oni
c
s
Te
c
h
nolo
g
y
L
e
tt
e
r
s,
Vol.
20,
No.
24
, pp
.
2
0
2
7–2
02
9,
20
0
8
.
[12]
Liu,
Zong
yu
an,
S
h
en
g
Liu,
K
a
i
Wang
,
and
X
i
aob
i
n
g
Lu
o
.
2
008
.
“Eff
ec
ts
o
f
P
hos
ph
or’s
Loca
tion
o
n
LED
P
ackag
ing
P
e
rf
ormanc
e.”
2
0
0
8
In
tern
atio
na
l
Con
f
er
enc
e
on
Ele
c
tr
onic
Pa
c
k
aging
T
echn
o
lo
gy &a
mp; H
i
g
h
Densit
y Packaging
.
d
o
i:
10
.1
1
09/i
c
e
p
t.
20
08.
46
0
6
9
8
2
.
[13]
Tin, P
h
u
Tr
an,
Ng
uy
e
n
H
u
u
K
h
an
h Nhan
, an
d
Tran
H
o
ang
Q
u
an
g Minh
. "U
sing Green
Emitt
i
n
g
P
h
o
s
ph
or for
Impro
v
in
g
Ligh
ting
P
e
rform
an
ce
of
In
-cup
P
ackag
e
Wh
ite
LED
La
mp
s."
In
ter
natio
na
l
J
our
na
l of
Po
w
e
r
Ele
c
tr
onics and
Dr
ive
S
y
st
ems
(
IJ
PED
S
)
8, no.
1
(0
3,
20
17
): 1
2
5
.
do
i:
10
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
p
e
d
s.
v8
.i
1.p
p
1
2
5
-1
29
.
[14]
Chen,
H
.
C., K.
J.
Chen
,
C.
W
.
H
ung,
C
.
H
.
Wang,
C.
C.
Ye
h
,
C. C.
Lin
,
a
n
d H
.
C. Ku
o.
"Im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
nt o
f
L
u
me
n
Effic
i
ency
in
White
Ligh
t-
em
itting
Diod
es
b
y
Ro
ug
hen
e
d
-
di
sp
ensing
P
ack
a
g
e."
T
h
e 4
t
h I
E
EE
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
tio
na
l
Nan
o
Ele
c
tr
on
ics
Con
f
eren
ce
,
201
1.
do
i:
10
.
1
1
09/in
e
c
.
2
0
1
1
.
59
91
8
0
4
.
[15]
T
i
n
,
Ph
u Tra
n
,
An
h Vu
L
e
,
Mi
nh Tra
n
,
Ngu
y
e
n
Hu
u Kh
a
n
h Nh
an
, a
nd Tra
n
T
h
a
n
h
T
r
a
ng.
"
I
m
p
ro
v
i
n
g
CCT-
D
a
n
d
L
O
of t
h
e
66
00K ICP-W
L
E
D
s b
y
K2
SiF6
:M
n4
Ph
osph
or.
"
I
n
te
rn
at
io
na
l Jou
r
n
a
l o
f
Po
w
e
r E
l
e
c
tro
n
i
c
s an
d D
r
i
v
e
S
y
st
e
m
s
(
I
J
P
E
DS)
1
0
, no
.
2
(20
19):
1
0
5
9
.
d
o
i:1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
p
e
d
s.v
1
0
.
i2
.
p
p
1
0
5
9
-
1
063.
[16]
M
i
ch
ael
Q
u
inten
,
“Bey
on
d
M
i
e
'
s
Th
eory
II
-
T
h
e
Gen
e
ra
liz
e
d
M
i
e
Theo
ry
,”
O
p
tica
l
Pro
p
ertie
s
o
f
Na
no
par
ti
cle
Sys
t
em
s
,
pp. 3
17–
33
9,
20
11.
do
i:10
.
1
0
0
2
/
9
7
8
3
5276
3
3
1
3
5
.
c
h
1
0
.
[17]
F
r
is
vad, Jep
p
e
Rev
a
ll, N
i
e
l
s J
ø
rg
en Ch
ris
t
ens
e
n
,
and
Hen
r
ik
Wan
n
J
e
ns
e
n
. “P
red
i
cting
th
e A
p
p
ear
an
ce of
M
a
ter
i
al
s
Us
i
n
g Lorenz–
M
i
e
Theory.
”
T
h
e
Mie
T
h
eo
r
y
Sp
ring
e
r
S
e
r
i
es
in
Op
ti
cal
Scien
ces
,
pp.
10
1–
133
, 2
0
1
2
.
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
00
7
/
9
78-3-6
4
2
-2
87
38
-1
4.
[18]
M
acko
wsk
i, D
a
niel. “Th
e
Ex
te
ns
io
n o
f
M
i
e Theory to
Mu
lt
iple S
p
heres.”
Th
e
Mie Th
e
o
ry Spr
i
n
g
e
r S
e
rie
s
in
Op
tical Sci
e
nc
es
,
pp
. 2
23–
25
6
,
2
0
1
2
.
do
i:10.
10
07
/97
8
-3
-642
-28
7
3
8
-
1_
8.
[19]
W
r
iedt,
Tho
m
as. “Mie
T
h
e
o
ry: A
Review.”
T
h
e
M
i
e T
h
eor
y
S
p
r
i
n
g
er S
e
r
i
es
in
Op
tical S
c
ienc
es
,
pp.
53
–
7
1
,
20
12.
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
00
7
/
9
78-3-6
4
2
-2
87
38
-1
_2
.
[20]
M
i
s
h
chen
ko
, M
i
chae
l I
.
, Larry
D
.
Tr
avis,
an
d
An
drew
A
.
La
ci
s.
Sc
a
t
te
rin
g
,
A
b
so
rp
ti
on
,
an
d Emi
s
sio
n
of
Lig
h
t b
y
Small
Particles
.
Ca
m
b
ri
dge
:Cam
bri
d
g
e
Un
ive
r
sity Pre
s
s,
20
02
.
[21]
Zh
on
g,
Ji
a
j
i
a
n
,
M
i
n
g
y
u
an
X
i
e,
Zh
ig
ui
O
u
,
R
u
i
Zh
ang,
M
i
n Hu
a
n
g
,
an
d F
u
li
Zh
a
o
.
“M
ie
Theory
S
i
mulation of the
E
ffe
ct
on L
i
g
h
t Ex
trac
t
i
o
n
b
y
2-D Na
no
stru
c
t
u
r
e Fa
bri
c
a
t
i
on.
”
201
1
Sy
mp
osiu
m
o
n
P
h
ot
onic
s
a
nd
Op
to
e
l
e
c
t
ron
i
cs
(SO
P
O),
20
11
.
d
o
i:10
.1
109
/s
op
o.
2
011
.5
780
56
6.
[22]
M
i
n
h
, Tra
n
H
o
a
n
g
Q
u
an
g, Ng
uy
en Huu
Khan
h
Nh
an, Ng
uy
e
n
D
o
an
Q
u
o
c
A
nh,
an
d Hs
iao-Y
i
Lee
.
“R
ed-Emitt
in
g
α
-SrO
ꞏ
3B2
O
3:Sm2
Ph
os
ph
or: a
n
Inno
vat
i
v
e
Ap
plic
ation
fo
r I
n
creas
ing
Co
lo
r
Qu
ality
and
Lu
min
ous
F
l
ux
o
f
Re
m
o
te
Ph
osph
or Wh
ite LE
Ds.”
J
o
urna
l of t
h
e
Ch
in
e
s
e
Instit
ute o
f
En
gi
n
e
e
r
s,
Vol
.
40,
No. 4,
p
p
.
31
3–
31
7, 20
17.
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
08
0
/
0
2533
83
9
.
2
0
1
7
.
1
318
72
0.
[23]
An
h, N
guy
en Do
an Qu
oc,
H
s
ia
o-Yi Lee
,
Tran
Than
h P
h
u
o
n
g
,
Ng
uy
en Hu
u Kh
anh
N
h
an
,
Tra
n
H
o
ang
Quan
g
Mi
nh
,
a
nd Tr
uong
Hu
u
Ly
. “
Y
2O3
:
E
u
3 Ph
osph
o
r
:
a
Nove
l Solut
i
o
n
for
a
n
In
c
r
e
a
s
e i
n
C
o
l
o
r Re
n
d
e
rin
g
In
de
x
o
f
Mult
i-Chi
p
Whi
t
e LE
D
Packages.
”
Jou
r
n
a
l of
t
h
e Ch
in
ese Inst
itute
o
f
Eng
i
n
eer
s,
Vo
l
.
40
,
No.
3,
pp.
2
2
8
–
2
34,
2
0
1
7
.
do
i:1
0.
1
080/
02
5
3
3
8
3
9
.
2
017.
1
2
9
9
5
9
2
.
[24]
An
h, Ng
uy
en
D
o
an
Q
uoc
,
an
d
H
s
iao-Yi Lee
.
“I
mp
rov
i
ng
the
A
n
gular
Co
lo
r Un
ifo
r
mity
an
d
th
e
Lu
men
Ou
tpu
t
f
o
r
M
u
lti-Chip
Wh
ite
LED
La
mp
s
b
y
Green
Ce0
.
6
7
Tb0.
33
Mg
Al11
O19
:
Ce,Tb
P
h
os
pho
r.”
Jou
r
n
a
l
of
th
e
Ch
in
ese
In
st
it
ut
e of En
gin
e
e
r
s,
Vol.
3
9
,
No.
7, p
p
.
8
7
1–87
5,
20
1
6
.
do
i:
10.
10
8
0
/
0
2
5
3
3
8
39.
2
0
1
6
.
1
20
80
62.
[25]
P
h
an
, Van
-
D
u
c
,
D
uy-H
u
n
g
Ha,
M
i
nh
Tran
,
an
d
Tran
Th
an
h
Tra
n
g. "
B
a[M
g2A
l2
N4
]Eu2
P
hos
ph
or for Enh
a
n
c
in
g
th
e Op
ti
ca
l Q
u
a
l
it
y o
f
t
h
e 6
600
K
CP
W
-
LE
Ds.
"
TE
LKOMNI
KA (Te
l
ec
ommu
n
i
ca
ti
on
Co
mp
utin
g
Ele
c
tr
on
ics
an
d
Cont
r
o
l
)
,
Vol.
17,
No. 6, pp
, 29
2
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
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