Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
3
,
Septem
be
r
2020
, pp.
1379
~
1387
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v
1
1
.i
3
.
pp
1379
-
1387
1379
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Time
re
s
ponse of F
OPID contr
olled P
V bas
ed casc
aded
landsm
an con
verter
-
inv
erter fed i
nducti
on motor a
nd ele
ctric
dr
i
ves a
pp
li
cations
R.
Paz
hani
mu
rugan
1
,
R. Be
nsraj
2
,
C.
R.
Balamur
ugan
3
1,2
Facul
ty
of En
gine
er
ing
and
T
e
chnol
ogy,
Anna
ma
l
ai
Univ
ersit
y
,
Indi
a
3
Depa
rtment
of
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Eng
in
ee
ring
,
Karp
agam
Coll
ege of En
gine
er
ing, Indi
a
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Sep
25
, 201
9
Re
vised
Dec
15
, 2
0
19
Accepte
d
Fe
b
16
, 20
20
Ti
me
R
esponse
enha
nc
ement
utilizing
pho
tovol
taic
base
d
c
asc
ade
d
La
ndsman
Conv
ert
er
(
LC)
struc
t
ure
is
one
of
th
e
soft
strat
eg
ie
s
i
n
the
re
ce
nt
sce
nar
io
.
The
pr
i
me
func
t
ion
of
a
DC
-
DC
L
ands
ma
n
conv
ert
er
is
to
opt
im
i
ze
the
ou
tput
pow
er
of
the
photo
volt
aic
arr
ay
an
d
red
uc
e
the
ou
tput
vo
lt
ag
e
rippl
es.
Thi
s
pap
er
rev
ea
ls
th
e
de
monstra
ti
on
and
simul
ation
of
th
e
Casca
d
e
d
La
ndsman
Conv
ert
er
Inve
r
te
r
Sys
te
m
(C
LCIS)
with
a
PV
source
.
MA
TL
AB
Simul
ink
-
mod
el
for
CLCIS
has
be
en
cr
ea
t
ed
u
ti
lizing
th
e
co
m
ponent
s
of
Simul
ink
and
cl
osed
-
lo
op
ex
am
in
at
ions
are
per
form
ed
wi
th
PI
and
Frac
ti
on
al
-
Order
-
PID
(FO
PID
)
Control
le
rs
.
The
pre
sent
work
d
ea
l
with
the
com
par
ison
of
t
ran
sient
and
ste
ady
-
state
t
im
e
r
esponses
of
CL
CIS
with
PI
and
FO
PID
con
t
roll
ers.
The
out
c
ome
s
d
em
onstr
a
te
that
dynamic
rea
c
ti
o
n
is
enha
nc
ed
by
util
iz
ing
FO
PID
cont
roll
e
r.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
CLC
IS
FO
P
ID
LC
Photo
vo
lt
ai
c ar
ray
PI
PWM
Vo
lt
age
r
e
gula
ti
on
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
R.
Paz
han
im
urug
a
n
,
Faculty
of E
ngineerin
g
a
nd T
echnolo
gy,
Annamalai
Un
i
ver
sit
y,
Chidam
bar
a
m,
Ind
ia
.
Emai
l:
rpmu
ruganmai
l@g
ma
il
.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Re
gu
la
r
B
uc
k,
Boo
st
a
nd
Bu
ck
-
B
oost
co
nverters
are
not
reasona
ble
f
or
low
a
nd
me
diu
m
vo
lt
a
ge
Ind
uction
mo
t
or
dr
i
ve
a
pp
li
c
at
ion
s.
In
ad
di
ti
on
,
t
hese
DC
-
DC
c
onve
rter
s
not
ap
pro
pr
i
at
e
for
po
wer
factor
impro
veme
nt,
consi
ste
nt
yield
volt
age
an
d
t
o
dec
rease
ha
r
mo
nic
mu
ti
la
ti
on.
Th
ree
pr
opel
le
d
to
polo
gies,
t
o
be
sp
eci
fic
SEP
I
C,
Zet
a,
a
nd
Lan
ds
ma
n
Co
nv
e
rters
(LCs)
are
pr
es
cribe
d
t
o
li
mit
the
disad
va
ntages
of
thes
e
essenti
al
D
C
-
D
C co
nv
e
rters.
These c
onve
rte
rs work
on B
uc
k
-
B
oo
st
m
od
e
dep
e
ndent
on l
oad prere
quisi
te
s.
Singh
a
nd
Bi
st
propose
d
a
B
L
-
CSC
co
nvert
er
w
orks
in
DIC
M
f
or
DC
li
nk
volt
age
c
on
tr
ol
to
co
ntr
ol
the
sp
ee
d
of
t
he
el
ect
rical
dri
ves
[1].
Will
ia
ms
pro
posed
three
s
or
ts
of
DC
-
DC
co
nverters,
eac
h
ty
pe
with
three
qu
a
ntit
ie
s
of
buck
,
li
ft
and
buck
-
s
upport
vo
lt
ag
e
c
onfi
gurati
ons
th
at
of
fe
r
cease
l
ess
vital
it
y
flo
w
an
d
yield
vital
it
y
stream
necessar
y
f
or
non
-
re
gula
r
vital
it
y
sou
rce,
M
P
PT
a
nd
gr
eat
est
s
our
ce
vital
it
y
extr
act
io
n
[2
,
3].
La
nd
s
man
s
uggests
a
canonica
l
changin
g
cel
l
f
rom
w
hich
th
e
three
esse
ntial
DC
-
DC
c
onve
rt
e
r
topolo
gies
ene
rgy
can
be
der
i
ved
[4].
Ba
rry
cl
arified
the
fund
a
mental
idea
s
of
al
l
f
unda
mental
mon
o
-
s
witc
h,
du
al
-
sta
te
,
DC
-
DC
volt
age
s
ource
d
c
onvert
ers,
by
dual
it
y,
as
no
nex
cl
us
ive
relat
ed
current
a
nd
volt
age
-
so
urce
d
c
onve
rters
[
5]
.
Le
on
hard
set
f
orwa
rd
that
as
oppose
d
to
DC
dri
ves,
t
her
e
is
a
decisi
on
of
a
wi
de
range
of
blen
ds
of
i
ntensity
conve
rters
a
nd
AC
machi
ne
s,
each
ha
ving
s
pecific
ad
va
ntages
[
6]
.
A
njane
e
Kumar
M
ish
r
a
and
B
him
Singh
c
on
ce
nt
rated
on
t
he
pro
po
sit
io
n
an
d
us
a
ge
of
a
n
ef
fecti
ve
an
d
eas
e
photov
oltai
c
ge
ner
at
or
-
base
d
water
sip
honi
ng
f
rame
w
ork
inclu
ding
a
s
witc
hed
rel
uct
ance
mo
t
or
dri
ve
[7].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
13
79
–
13
87
1380
M
A
TLAB
Si
mu
li
nk
base
d
examinati
on
a
nd
c
orrelat
ion
of
S
EPIC
,
Lan
ds
ma
n,
a
nd
Ze
ta
conver
te
rs
f
or
P
V
took
ca
re
of
i
nductio
n
mo
t
or
dr
i
ve
a
pp
li
cat
ion
s
are
co
mp
le
te
d
in
[
8]
.
Pa
rtia
l
Order
PID
Con
tr
olled
PV
Buck
-
Boo
st
C
onver
t
er
with
C
oupl
ed
I
nduct
or
t
opol
ogy
was
e
xe
cuted
for
un
a
du
lt
erate
d
DC
load.
D
urga
de
vi
an
d
Kar
t
hick
act
ua
li
zed
the
f
ragmentar
y
orde
r
PI
D
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
for
yield
volt
age
c
ontr
ol
of
DC
-
DC
Ze
ta
c
onve
rter
[9].
Fiel
d
-
direc
ti
on
c
on
t
ro
l
us
i
ng
co
mp
le
x
T
F
w
ork
to
t
un
e
the
P
I
-
co
ntr
oller
is
i
ntrod
uce
d
in
[
10,
11]
.
The
P
I
con
t
ro
ll
er
ass
oc
ia
te
d
with
the
IM
direct
to
r
qu
e
c
ontr
ol
ha
s
bee
n
sho
wn
by
[
12].
T
o
i
mpro
ve
the
e
xe
cution
char
act
e
risti
cs
of
the
mo
t
o
r
w
hen
w
orked
wi
th
var
ia
ble
re
pe
at
su
ppli
es,
it
is
required
t
o
c
on
t
ro
l
volt
age
[13].
Usu
al
l
y,
the
PI
co
ntro
ll
er
is
use
d
for
c
on
tr
oll
ing
t
he
dr
ive
.
P
I
gat
her
s
botc
h,
ma
king
a
si
gnific
ant
over
sho
ot
i
n
the
sp
ee
d
respon
s
e
w
hich
,
in
the
m
os
t
cy
ni
cal
sit
uation,
c
ou
l
d
ev
en
unba
la
nce
out
the
structu
re;
a
ma
rv
el
i
s
known
a
s
Wi
ndup
[14].
Co
m
par
is
on
am
ong
PI
a
nd
FOPI
D
co
ntr
olled
P
V
to
ok
care
of
bu
c
k
help
c
on
ver
te
r
with
co
uple
d
i
nducto
r
f
rame
work
f
or
DC
load
was
im
plemented
[
15].
F
OP
I
D
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
desi
gn
proc
edures
and
tra
nsfer
functi
on
s
ucces
s
ive
ap
prox
i
ma
ti
on
an
d
op
ti
m
iz
at
ion
te
chn
i
ques
are
pr
e
sen
te
d
by
Ra
so
a
na
riv
o
[16].
Sat
hy
a
a
nd
A
rou
nassal
ame
s
uggested
a
pa
rtia
l
ord
er
P
ID
co
ntr
ol
le
r
for
t
he
S
of
t
S
witc
he
d
Boo
st
conve
rter
i
n
[
17]
.
F
ra
gm
e
ntar
y
orde
r
disp
la
yi
ng
ha
s
pu
ll
e
d
in
the
c
onsider
at
ion
of
resear
cher
s
a
nd
desi
gn
e
rs
in
the
fiel
d
of
co
ntr
ol
syst
em
pla
n
[18,
19]
.
Time
res
ponse
a
nalysis
was
done
f
or
PI
a
nd
F
uzz
y
Lo
gic
con
t
ro
ll
ed
S
EP
IC
c
onve
rter
ba
sed
res
onant
inv
e
rter
to
ok
ca
re
of
i
nductio
n
wa
rmi
ng
s
ys
te
m
[20].
R
.
D
uma
,
P.
Dobra,
a
nd
M
.
Trusca
imple
mented
a
F
OPID
c
ontrolle
r
f
or
DC
m
otor
c
on
t
ro
l
with
fi
ve
par
a
mete
rs
t
un
i
ng
[21].
The
si
ngle
-
phase
-
e
ngin
es
are
ge
ner
al
l
y
co
nnect
ed
to
sing
le
-
phase
el
ect
rical
fr
am
ewor
k
f
or
el
ec
tric
al
home
ga
dg
et
s,
f
or
-
exa
mp
le
,
centrif
ug
al
-
pu
mp
,
el
ect
ric
-
fa
n,
ai
r
-
blower
,
et
c
wh
il
e
t
he
t
hr
ee
-
phase
in
duct
ion
mo
to
rs
are
t
ypic
al
ly
connecte
d
to
a
th
ree
-
ph
a
se
el
ect
rical
fr
ame
work
f
or
mec
ha
nical
app
li
cat
ions
li
ke
th
e
pr
ime
-
m
ov
e
r
inli
ne
c
reati
on
fr
ame
w
ork
be
cause
of
t
heir
moderatel
y
ea
se,
fr
ee
s
uppo
rt
&
high
un
wa
ver
i
ng
qu
al
it
y
[22
][23].
T
he
IM
can
be
util
iz
ed
f
or
a
ste
ad
y
s
pe
ed
wh
e
n
the
r
ecurrence
of
t
he
vo
lt
age
sou
rce
is
a
consi
ste
nt.
D
ue
to
t
he
a
dva
nceme
nt
of
po
wer
el
ect
ronic
s
by
pro
duci
ng
a
th
ree
-
ph
a
s
e
sup
ply
of
va
riable
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
a
nd
volt
age
with
PWM
s
ys
te
m
s,
s
peed
c
ontr
ol
is
reali
zed
.
[24
].
Ind
uction
en
gin
e
dri
ves
a
re
disco
ver
e
d
a
pp
li
cat
ion
s
in
tra
ns
po
rtat
ion
a
nd
el
ect
ric
trai
ns,
famil
y
ap
pa
r
at
us
es,
paper,
and
mate
rial
ve
ntures,
ro
ll
in
g
a
nd
c
on
c
rete
facto
r
ie
s,
sip
hons,
blowers
,
li
ft,
trans
ports,
sm
ash
er
s,
mac
hin
e
i
ns
tr
um
e
nts,
a
nd
mecha
nical
te
chnolo
gy,
a
nd
s
o
on.
As
pe
r
El
ect
ric
Power
R
esearch
I
ns
ti
tute,
USA, practi
cal
ly
60%
to 65% o
f
energ
y
is
de
vo
ur
e
d
by
el
ect
ri
c
eng
i
ne
dr
ive
s
in
w
hich
75
%
of
el
ect
rical
eng
i
ne
dr
ive
s
are
sip
hon,
fa
n,
a
nd
blower
ty
pe
dr
i
ves.
T
he
great
er
pa
rt
of
the
sip
hons
and
fan
s
in
bu
si
nesses
a
re
util
iz
ed
f
or
li
qu
id
stream c
on
t
ro
l
[25].
Ca
scaded
LC
has
gaine
d
m
ore
imp
ort
ance
du
e
to
it
s
volt
age
re
gula
ti
on
c
apab
il
it
y
a
nd
powe
r
qu
al
it
y
impro
veme
nt
char
act
erist
ic
s.
To
ex
plo
it
the
adv
a
n
ta
ge
s
of
a
la
nd
sm
an
c
onve
rter,
t
he
in
vestigat
io
n
wa
s
done
for
a
s
uitable
con
t
ro
ll
er.
In
t
his
sce
na
rio,
c
ombinin
g
the
adv
a
ntage
s
of
the
c
ombinati
on
of
LC
a
nd
F
OP
I
D
con
t
ro
ll
ers
,
a
novel
met
hod
is
propose
d
to
i
mpro
ve
the
vo
lt
age
regulat
io
n
an
d
ti
me
-
do
main
s
pe
ci
ficat
ion
s
of
LC
outp
ut
to
feed
t
he
VSI
wh
ic
h
dr
ive
s
t
he
m
os
t
popula
r
el
ect
rical
dr
ive
kn
own
as
IM.
I
n
t
his
pa
per,
a
FO
P
ID
c
ontrol
le
d
casca
de
d
LC
to
im
pro
ve
the
tra
ns
ie
nt
re
spo
ns
e
is
pro
posed
.
The
study
res
ults
i
n
bette
r
vo
lt
age
re
gu
la
t
ion
r
ed
uce
d
ri
pp
le
s
a
nd
imp
r
ov
e
d
ti
me
res
ponse
sp
eci
ficat
ion
s
.
The
pro
duct
ive
util
iz
at
ion
of
PV
e
xh
i
bit
an
d
co
ns
trai
ni
ng
t
he
high
sta
rtin
g
in
rush
c
urre
nt
in
the
e
ng
i
ne
dr
i
ve
is
the
pr
i
me
assig
nm
e
nt
of
an
LC.
2.
DESIG
N A
N
D
P
RI
NC
I
PLE
OF
L
ANDS
MAN
CON
V
ERTE
R
A
Lan
dsma
n
Converte
r
(LC
)
is
one
of
the
topolo
gies
of
a
DC
-
DC
buc
k
-
s
upport
c
onve
rter,
a
ble
to
def
eat
the conf
inement
of r
ec
ently u
ti
li
zed
c
onve
rters
i
n
a
p
hoto
volt
ai
c
ar
ray.
T
his
c
onve
rter
is
dete
rmi
ned b
y
a
Ca
nonical
S
witc
hing
C
onve
rter (
CSC
)
or topolo
gical
ch
ang
e
s
on
a
DC
-
DC boo
st
c
on
ver
te
r
.
T
he
a
dj
us
tme
nt
in
CSC
with
a
yield
-
in
duct
or
,
c
on
s
eq
ue
nce
s
in
a
n
LC
.
T
he
outp
ut
a
nd
in
pu
t
cu
rr
e
nts
ha
ve
br
oad
c
urren
t
undula
ti
on
wh
i
ch
is
a
disad
va
ntage
of
the
C
SC
c
onver
te
r.
In
the
e
xpansi
on
of
a
li
tt
le
in
du
ct
a
nce
at
the
yiel
d
o
f
this
tra
nsfo
rmati
on
sta
ge
le
ads
to
a
cert
ifie
d
switc
he
d
-
m
od
e
t
opolog
y.
CSC
has
as
tound
i
ng
e
xec
ution
capaci
ty
as
a
powe
r
facto
r
pre
-
re
gu
la
to
r.
A
blen
d
of
s
witc
h
S
W
1,
capaci
tor
C
2,
an
d
di
od
e
D
3
is
known
as
a
'canonica
l
swi
tc
hin
g
cel
l'
an
d
this
cel
l
joi
ned
with
a
n
i
nducto
r
L
2
a
nd
a
DC
inter
f
ace
capaci
to
r
C4
is
identifie
d
as
a
CSC
co
nvert
er.
A
mon
g
dif
fer
e
nt
DC
-
DC
co
nverte
rs,
L
C
meet
s
the
i
deal
e
xec
ution
of
the
fr
ame
w
ork
c
ontrast
ed
with
oth
e
r
c
onve
rters.
The
c
onve
ntion
al
buc
k
-
boos
t
co
nverte
r
has
the
m
os
t
minim
al
numb
e
r
of
se
gme
nts;
howe
ve
r,
it
yields
high
c
urre
nt
ri
pp
l
es.
T
he
pro
pos
ed
LC
has
a
cr
it
ic
al
compone
nt
that
the in
pu
t c
urre
nt r
i
pp
le
s a
nd
yield c
urren
t
r
i
pp
le
s
are
l
ow.
The
c
on
ti
nu
ous
co
nductio
n
m
od
e of
operati
on
is
al
so
to b
e achieve
d
in
LC
by
t
he
ap
pro
pri
at
e
desig
n
of
t
he
co
mpo
ne
nts.
Dep
e
ndin
g
on
the
ec
ologica
l
facto
rs
th
e
op
e
rati
on
of
the
co
nv
e
rter
i
s
in
bo
os
t
or
buck
-
mode.
A sche
mati
c d
ia
gram
of PV co
nnect
ed wit
h
the
lan
ds
ma
n
a
ppears
in
Fi
g
ure
1.
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t J
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ow Elec
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ys
t
IS
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694
Time res
ponse
of F
OPID c
ontroll
ed
P
V
ba
se
d
c
as
c
a
de
d
l
ands
m
an
c
onvert
er
… (R
.
P
azh
an
i
mu
r
ug
an)
1381
Figure
1. A
sc
hemati
c
diagr
a
m of la
nd
s
man
co
nv
e
rter
with
PV sou
rce
The
val
ue
is
th
e
yield
vo
lt
age
of
LC
a
nd
the
in
pu
t
volt
age
is
f
rom
s
un
ori
ented
P
V
a
rr
a
y
is
obta
ine
d
as
the
V
mpp.
The
va
rio
us
pa
rameters
s
uch
as
in
pu
t
in
du
ct
or
L
1,
outp
ut
i
nducto
r
L2
,
D
C
-
li
nk
capaci
t
or
C1
,
and
inter
media
te
capaci
tor
C
2
of
t
he
LC
ar
e
desi
gn
e
d.
Th
e
f
ollow
i
ng
va
lues
are
co
ns
i
der
e
d
for
sim
ul
at
ion
work a
nd it
is s
how
n
in
Ta
ble
-
1.
(
1)
(2)
(3)
Table
1.
Simul
at
ion
p
ara
mete
rs
V
in
200v
C
1
2
5
0
0
µF
L
1
0
.5mH
C
2
, C
3
0
.3µ
F
C
4
0
.1µ
F
L
2
1
m
H
MOSF
ET
(
IRF8
4
0
)
5
0
0
V/8
A
DIOD
E
2
3
0
V/1
A
V
0
415V
3.
DESCRIPTI
ON
OF THE
PROP
OSE
D SYSTE
M
The
LC
s
uppl
ie
s
the
V
oltag
e
S
ource
I
nve
rter
w
hich
dr
i
ves
the
I
M
co
up
le
d
with
the
cent
rifugal
pump.
The
out
pu
t
of
t
he
PV
cl
us
te
r
is
inc
re
ased
util
iz
ing
LC.
T
he
bo
os
te
d
DC
is
giv
e
n
t
o
a
P
W
M
i
nv
e
rter.
The
LC
is
an
ot
her
al
te
rn
at
i
ve
for
directi
ng
an
unre
gula
te
d
input
powe
r
s
upply,
simi
la
r
to
a
minimal
e
ffor
t
-
wall
-
wa
rt.
LC
-
base
d
po
wer
fa
ct
or
recti
fier
as
ap
pear
e
d
in
Fig
-
1
is
inte
nd
e
d
to
w
ork
i
n
c
onti
nu
ous
c
onduc
ti
on
mode
f
or
dy
na
mic
char
act
e
risti
c
con
tr
ol
at
la
nd
s
ma
n
co
nver
te
r
volt
age.
In
con
t
rast
with
Z
et
a,
LC
g
ives
be
tt
er
execu
ti
on
f
or
the
IM
dr
i
ve
app
li
cat
io
n.
T
hr
ee
op
e
rati
ng
phases
of
a
PV
base
d
LC
are
e
xp
la
ine
d
in
this
sect
ion
.
M
ode
I:
Wh
e
n
the
s
witc
h
-
S
W1
is
O
N,
vit
al
it
y
from
t
he
su
ppl
y
an
d
st
ored
vital
it
y
in
t
he
mi
dd
le
of
the
r
oad
capac
it
or
C2
a
re
tra
ns
fe
rr
e
d
t
o
ent
er
in
du
ct
or
L2
.
The
yield
i
nduct
or
L5
be
gin
s
r
el
easi
ng
a
nd
t
he
vo
lt
age
of
t
he
midd
le
ca
pacit
or
C2
be
gin
s
diminis
hing
w
hile
DC
-
c
onne
ct
volt
age
acr
oss
C
4
be
gin
s
r
isi
ng
.
The
de
sig
ning
value
of
the
m
idd
le
capaci
t
or
is
su
ff
ic
ie
ntly
huge
to
st
or
e
requir
e
d
vital
it
y
with
t
he
en
d
go
al
that t
he vo
lt
a
ge
acr
os
s t
he
ca
pacit
or does
no
t
g
et
disco
ntin
uous.
M
ode
I
I:
In
th
is
meth
od
of
c
onve
rter
a
ct
ivit
y,
t
he
switc
h
is
tur
ne
d
off.
A
t
ran
sit
io
nal
capaci
tor
C
2
and
DC
-
li
nk
s
ide
in
duct
or
L5
a
re
c
ha
rg
i
ng
th
rou
gh
th
e
sup
ply
cu
rrent
wh
il
e
yield
i
nducto
r
L
2
be
gin
s
releasi
ng.
Hence
,
the
volt
age
across
C
2
sta
r
ts
increasi
ng
i
n
this
mode.
M
ore
ov
e
r,
t
he
vo
lt
age
acr
os
s
the
D
C
capaci
tor
C4
dec
reases.
M
ode
I
II
:
T
his
is
t
he
DC
M
f
or
c
onve
rter
operati
on
as
the
e
nter
in
du
ct
or
L
2
is
releas
ed
total
ly
an
d
the
cu
rr
e
nt
t
hroug
h
L
2
gets
z
ero.
T
he
c
urre
nt
th
rou
gh
DC
bus
si
de
in
duc
tor
L
5
be
gin
s
r
isi
ng
a
nd
the
volt
age
of
the
mid
dle
capaci
tor
C
2
ke
eps
on
diminis
hing
in
this
m
ode.
T
he
casca
de
d
outp
ut
of
th
e
conver
te
r
is
giv
e
n
to VSI. T
he V
SI
fed I
M
pu
m
ping s
ys
te
m is
giv
e
n
in
Fig
ure
2.
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In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
13
79
–
13
87
1382
Fig
ure
2. P
V b
ased La
ndsma
n
C
onver
te
r
fe
d Ind
uction M
otor P
umpin
g System
As
of
la
te
,
it
ha
s
been
s
how
n
that
f
ragme
ntary
order
diff
e
re
ntial
co
ndit
ions
ca
n
de
pict
th
e
co
nduct
of
so
me
de
monstr
able
dy
namical
sy
ste
ms
s
up
e
rior
t
o
t
heir
who
le
numb
e
r
orde
r
co
unte
r
par
ts.
Using
fr
a
gm
e
nt
ary
order
disp
la
ying,
a
summa
rized
va
riat
ion
of
the
c
us
toma
r
y
P
ID
c
on
t
ro
ll
e
rs,
kn
own
as
F
O
-
P
I
D
is
propose
d.
The
a
ugme
ntati
on
of
t
he
t
radi
ti
on
al
P
ID
co
ntr
oller
is
t
he
FO
P
ID
c
on
t
ro
l
le
r.
T
he
PID
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
ha
s
t
hr
ee
par
a
mete
rs
tha
t
can
be
c
hanged
to
tu
ne
th
e
co
ntr
oller,
wh
il
e
t
he
FOPID
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
has
fi
ve
pa
ra
mete
rs.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
higher
a
dap
ta
bili
ty
an
d
be
tt
er
sh
ut
ci
rcle
e
xe
cution
ca
n
be
accom
plishe
d
util
iz
ing
a
F
OP
I
D
con
t
ro
ll
er.
Fr
a
gm
e
nta
r
y
orde
r
cal
c
ulu
s
is
ut
il
iz
ed
in
a
wide
sco
pe
of
s
ci
ence
a
nd
e
nginee
rin
g
fiel
ds
a
nd
furthe
rm
or
e i
n t
he
fiel
d o
f
c
on
trol frame
w
ork
s.
The
T
F
of frag
mentar
y orde
r c
on
t
ro
ll
er is
commu
nicat
ed
as
b
e
neath.
(S)
=
+
(4)
Kp,
Ki,
K
d
a
r
e
pro
portio
nal,
integ
ral,
der
i
va
ti
ve
gai
ns
res
pecti
vely
f
or
t
rad
it
io
nal
P
ID
co
ntr
ollers
wh
e
reas
the
F
OP
I
D
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
has
t
wo
a
ddit
ion
al
pa
ram
et
ers
namel
y,
integral
order(
λ)
an
d
diff
e
re
ntial
order(
μ)
.
With
t
he
tw
o
ad
diti
onal
pa
rameters
,
the
FOPI
D
c
a
n
be
spo
ken
t
o
as
the
ge
neral
order
of
the
P
I
D
an
d
exten
ds
it
f
rom
point
to
plan
and
inclu
des
great
er
a
dap
ta
bili
ty
and
more
pr
eci
sio
n
i
n
f
ra
mew
ork
c
on
t
rol
.
Th
e
plan
pa
rameter
s,
f
or
e
xam
ple,
K
p,
Ki,
a
nd
K
d
a
re
go
tt
en
th
r
ough
the
Zei
gl
er
-
Nich
ols
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
f
or
the
whole
numb
e
r
order
PI
D
co
ntr
oller
are
util
iz
ed
in
this
FOPI
D
c
on
t
ro
ll
er.
The
extra
par
a
mete
rs
f
or
exa
mp
le
non
-
integer
order
of
inte
gr
at
or
a
nd
dif
fer
e
ntiat
or
are
pic
ked
util
iz
ing
e
xperime
ntati
on
strat
eg
y
t
o
get
t
he
op
t
imu
m
ou
tc
om
e.
4.
SIMULATI
O
N
RESU
LT
S
AND DIS
C
USSION
4.1.
LC w
i
th
PI
c
ontr
oller
Ci
rcu
it
-
dia
gr
a
m of close
d
-
l
oop
-
c
on
tr
ol
of
of lan
ds
ma
n
c
onver
te
r
w
it
h
i
nduction m
oto
r
drive
with P
I
-
con
t
ro
ll
er is
d
e
li
neated in
Fig
ur
e
3.
Figure
3. Ci
rcui
t diagr
a
m
of P
V base
d
LC
wi
th in
du
ct
io
n m
otor
dr
ive
with
PI
co
ntr
oller
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Time res
ponse
of F
OPID c
ontroll
ed
P
V
ba
se
d
c
as
c
a
de
d
l
ands
m
an
c
onvert
er
… (R
.
P
azh
an
i
mu
r
ug
an)
1383
Vo
lt
age
ac
ros
s
P
V
pa
nel
is
deli
neated
in
Fig
ure
4
a
nd
it
s
value
is
220V.
V
oltage
acr
os
s
th
e
la
nd
s
man
con
ve
rter is
delinea
te
d
in
Fig
ur
e
5
and it
s v
al
ue
is
420V.
Figure
4. V
oltage ac
ro
s
s P
V
P
anel
Figure
5. V
oltage ac
ro
s
s lan
dsma
n
c
onve
rter
Vo
lt
age
acr
os
s
the inve
rter is
delineat
ed
in
F
igure
6.
Figure
6. V
oltage ac
ro
s
s in
vert
er
The
I
nductio
n
mo
to
r
-
sp
ee
d
ge
ner
at
io
n
cu
rve
is
delineat
ed
in
Fig
ure
7
a
nd
it
is
set
tl
ed
a
fter
2.6
5se
c
and the
sp
ee
d of t
he mot
or
is
1299r
pm.To
r
que is
delineat
e
d
in
Fig
ure
8
a
nd it
s v
al
ue
is
2.6Nm.
Figure
7. Moto
r
s
peed
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N
:
2088
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694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
13
79
–
13
87
1384
Figure
8. Moto
r
to
rque
4.2.
LC w
i
th
FOP
ID
c
ontrolle
r
The
LC
to
ok
c
are
of
t
he
in
du
ct
ion
m
otor
is
examine
d
at
c
onsist
ent
ir
rad
ia
nce
of
1000
w/
m
co
ndit
ion
.
The
LC
fr
a
me
work
is
pla
nn
e
d
by
util
iz
ing
t
he
par
am
et
ers
of
Table.
1
a
nd
it
s
yield
vo
lt
a
ge
is
asses
sed
in
the
Time
domain
platfo
rm
util
izing
M
A
TLAB
Simuli
nk
-
mo
del.
The
t
ran
s
ie
nt
and
ste
a
dy
-
sta
te
ti
me
-
domain
respo
ns
e
of
th
e
project
ed
F
O
PI
D
co
ntr
oller
is
assessed
a
nd
con
t
rasted
with
the
P
I
c
on
t
rol
le
r.
The
be
nefi
ts
of
par
ti
al
order
c
on
t
ro
ll
ers
are
exp
l
oited
t
o
i
mpro
ve
t
he
dy
namical
ti
me
r
esp
on
se
.
T
he
y
are
le
ss
se
ns
i
ti
ve
to
al
te
rati
on
s
i
n
t
he
par
a
mete
rs
of
a
c
on
tr
olled
fr
a
mew
ork
an
d
to
al
te
rati
ons
in
the
par
ame
te
rs
of
t
he
c
ontrolle
r
it
sel
f.
T
he
Ci
rc
uit
-
outl
ine
of
c
losed
-
lo
op
c
on
trol
of
LC
with
I
M
dri
ve
wit
h
t
he
F
OP
I
D
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
is
de
picte
d
in
Fig
ure
9.
Figure
9. Ci
rcui
t diagr
a
m
of P
V base
d
LC
wi
th in
du
ct
io
n m
otor
dr
ive
w
it
h FO
PID c
on
t
rol
le
r
The
yield
of
the
P
V
panel
is
giv
e
n
a
s
a
con
t
rib
ution
to
the
LC
with
inducti
on
m
oto
r
dri
ve
i
s
app
ea
re
d
in
Fig
ure
10
an
d
it
s
w
or
t
h
is
220V.
T
he
yield
volt
age
acr
oss
t
he
pro
po
se
d
LC
is
port
rayed
in
Fig
ure
11
an
d
i
ts
worth
is
42
0V. S
m
oo
t
h
c
ontrol
of D
C
c
onnect
volt
age
is go
tt
en
with
res
tric
te
d
over
sho
oting
su
ppl
y
s
how
s
the
dyna
mic
c
onduct
of
t
he
pro
po
se
d
f
ram
ewor
k.
Fig
ure
12
s
hows
the
volt
age
ac
ro
s
s
th
e
inv
e
rter.
T
he
I
n
duct
io
n
mo
t
or
-
s
pee
d
ge
ner
a
ti
on
c
urve
is
de
li
neated
i
n
Fi
g
ure
13
a
nd
it
is
set
tl
ed
a
fter
2.00
s
ec
and the
sp
ee
d of t
he mot
or
is
1300
rpm. T
or
qu
e
is s
how
n
i
n
Fi
g
ure
14 a
nd it
s
worth
is
2.6 Nm
.
Figure
10. V
oltage ac
ro
s
s P
V pan
el
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
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N:
20
88
-
8
694
Time res
ponse
of F
OPID c
ontroll
ed
P
V
ba
se
d
c
as
c
a
de
d
l
ands
m
an
c
onvert
er
… (R
.
P
azh
an
i
mu
r
ug
an)
1385
Figure
11.
V
oltage ac
ro
s
s LC
Figure
12. V
oltage ac
ro
s
s In
ve
rter
Figure
13. M
oto
r
sp
ee
d
Figure
14. M
oto
r
torq
ue
Fig
ure
15
sho
ws
a
c
ompa
rison
cha
rt
of
ti
m
e
-
domai
n
par
a
mete
rs
with
P
I
an
d
F
OPID
c
on
t
ro
ll
ers
.
By
util
iz
ing
F
OP
I
D
c
on
tr
oller
it
is
seen
th
at
the
'ascent
ti
me'
is
decr
ea
sed
f
rom
0.9
9s
ec
t
o
0.9
7s
ec;
'set
tl
ing
-
ti
me'
is
re
duced
f
r
om
2.65sec
t
o
2.00
s
ec;
'
peak
ti
me'
is
re
duc
ed
fro
m
1.1
0se
c
to
1.00
sec;
'ste
ad
y
sta
te
-
error
'
is
decr
ease
d from
1
.
9V to
1.5
V
Fig
ure
15. C
ompa
rison
of Time
-
Domai
n
-
Pa
rameters
w
it
h
PI
a
nd F
OPID
Con
tr
ollers
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
Op
e
n
-
lo
op
disturbance
CLC
IS
,
cl
os
e
d
-
lo
op
volt
age
re
gula
ti
on
CLC
I
S
with
PI
,
a
nd
F
OPID
con
t
ro
ll
ers
are
modele
d
an
d
simulat
ed
res
ul
ts
are
intr
oduc
ed.
The
anal
ysi
s
ind
ic
at
ed
that
F
OP
I
D
c
ontr
olled
CLC
IS
s
ys
te
m
give
s
im
pro
ve
d
ti
me
res
ponse
.
T
he
a
naly
s
is
an
d
sim
u
la
ti
on
s
how
t
hat
const
ant
vo
lt
a
ge
a
nd
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
13
79
–
13
87
1386
const
ant s
peed
can
be
mai
ntained
by usin
g F
OP
I
D. T
he ou
t
come re
pr
ese
nt
s that the
FOPI
D
c
on
tr
olled
s
ys
te
m
is
hav
i
ng
l
ow
ste
ady
-
sta
te
er
ror
an
d
set
tl
in
g
ti
me.
T
he
be
nef
it
s
of
the
pr
opos
e
d
f
rame
work
are
bette
r
sp
ee
d
respo
ns
e a
nd
hi
gh
volt
age
gai
n.
REFERE
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EE
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La
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orma
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f
Zeta
Con
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te
r
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sica
l
PID
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rac
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l
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Control
le
r’
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in
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r
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r
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e
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r
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ansm
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“
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al
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ren
t
r
egulator
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ple
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ipo, T
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M
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low
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n
ted
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e
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able
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ere
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r
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ic
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SEP
IC
Convert
e
r
base
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Ser
ie
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ct
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ea
t
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’,
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rnational
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urnal
of
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ct
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iv
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man
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Pata
kor
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.
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h
im
,
“DSP
base
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im
pl
em
e
nta
ti
on
of
f
ie
ld
-
orie
nt
ed
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trol
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thr
ee
phas
e
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ti
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In
te
rnat
ional
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of
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search
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gine
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[23]
Azuwie
n
Aid
a
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W
ahyu
Mulyo
Utomo
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Za
in
al
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Ha
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zian
ie
Muhd.
-
Zi
n
,
Sy
Yi
Sim,
-
Rosli
na
Mat
Ariff,
“Speed
tra
ck
ing
of
ind
ire
c
t
fi
el
d
-
ori
ented
control
indu
ction
mot
or
using ne
ura
l
net
work”
,
Sci
en
ce
Direc
t
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dia
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146
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3
[24]
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W.
Leed
y
,
“Sim
uli
nk
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dynam
i
c
i
nduct
io
n
mot
or
mode
l
for
use
as
t
ea
ch
ing
-
&
rese
arc
h
tool”,
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
So
ft
Co
mputing
and
En
gine
ering
(IJ
SC
E),
Vol
.
3
,
No
.
4
,
pp
-
102
–
107
,
2
013.
[25]
D.
Sri
Vidhya
a
nd
T.
Venk
atesa
n
,
‘Quasi
-
Z
-
Sou
rce
Ind
ire
c
t
Mat
rix
Converter
Fe
d
Induc
ti
on
Mot
or
Drive
for
Flo
w
Control
of
Dye i
n
Paper
Mi
ll
’
,
I
E
EE
Tr
ans.
Pow
e
r E
lectron
.
,
vol
.
33,
no
.
2
,
pp
.
14
76
–
1486,
Feb
.
2
018.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Time res
ponse
of F
OPID c
ontroll
ed
P
V
ba
se
d
c
as
c
a
de
d
l
ands
m
an
c
onvert
er
… (R
.
P
azh
an
i
mu
r
ug
an)
1387
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Mr.
R.
Pazh
animurugan
recei
v
e
d
his
B
.
E
degr
ee
in
Elec
tri
c
al
an
d
Elec
troni
cs
En
gine
er
ing
fro
m
Amrit
a
Insti
tut
e
of
Tech
nology
,
Coim
b
at
or
e.
H
e
h
as
com
pl
et
ed
his
post
gr
aduation
in
Pow
er
El
e
ct
roni
cs
and
Drive
s
at
SR
M
Univer
sity
,
Chenna
i
.
He
h
as
be
en
workin
g
as
As
sistan
t
Profess
or
at
Ara
su
Engi
n
ee
ri
ng
Coll
ege,
Kumba
konam
,
Ind
ia
sin
ce
June
2013.
C
urre
ntl
y
,
he
i
s
pursuing
Ph.D.
at
Annam
alai
U
nive
rsity
in
th
e
doma
in
of
PV
base
d
l
andsma
n
c
onver
te
r
with
induc
ti
on
mot
or
driv
es.
H
e
h
as
six
publica
ti
ons
in
in
te
rna
ti
on
al
journ
al
s
and
pr
ese
nte
d
m
any
pape
rs
in
v
ari
ou
s
nat
ional
and
i
nte
rna
ti
ona
l
con
fer
ences.
His
r
ese
arc
h
intere
sts
i
ncl
ude
cont
ro
l
and
an
al
ysis of
p
ower
conv
ert
ers
and
inv
ert
e
rs,
so
la
r
power
sys
tems,
HV
DC,
hyb
rid
sys
te
ms.
R.
B
ensra
j
was
born
in
1973
in
Marth
andam.
H
e
h
as
ob
ta
in
ed
B.
E
(E
le
c
trica
l
E
le
c
troni
cs
and
Pow
er)
and
M.E
(Pow
er
Sys
te
ms)
from
Dr.Babasahe
b
Ambe
dkar
Mara
thw
a
da
Univer
sity
,
Maha
rashtr
a
and
Annam
al
a
i
Uni
ver
sity
respe
c
tively
and
th
en
P
h.
D
in
Pow
er
E
l
ec
tron
ic
s
from
Annama
l
ai
Univ
ersit
y,
Chidamb
ara
m in
2011
.
H
e
is c
urr
ently
working
as
As
sociate
Profess
or
in
the
Depa
r
tment
of
El
e
ct
ri
cal
En
gine
er
ing,
Anna
ma
l
ai
Univer
si
ty
where
he
h
as
put
in
nin
te
en
yea
rs
of
service.
He
produ
ce
d
fo
ur
Ph.Ds
and
pr
ese
ntl
y
guidi
ng
t
hre
e
Ph
.
D
Schol
ars
and
so
far
guide
d
twe
lve
M.E
student
s.
H
e
has
ei
gh
ty
pub
li
c
ai
ons
in
na
ti
o
nal
,
int
e
rna
t
ion
al
journ
al
s
and
conf
ere
n
ce
s.
Hi
s
fie
lds
of
int
e
rest
include
m
ult
ilevel
inv
ert
e
r,
power
qu
al
i
t
y
and
Pow
er
el
e
ct
roni
cs
in
po
wer
sys
te
ms
and
al
so
in ima
g
e
pr
o
ce
ss
ing.
Dr.
C.
R
.
Ba
la
m
uruga
n
was
born
in
1978
in
Kum
bakona
m
.
He
ha
s
obta
in
ed
B.
E
(
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
an
d
El
e
ct
roni
cs),
M.
E
(Pow
er
Elec
t
ronic
s
and
Driv
es)
and
Ph.D
(
Instrume
nt
at
ion
Engi
ne
eri
ng
-
Pow
er
El
ectroni
cs)
degr
e
es
in
2000,
2005
and
2015
respe
c
ti
v
el
y
from
Arun
a
i
Engi
n
ee
ring
Coll
ege,
T
iruv
anna
m
al
a
i,
Sa
t
hyaba
m
a
Univ
ersit
y,
Ch
ennai
and
Annam
alai
Univer
si
ty,
Chida
mbaram
.
He
has
b
ee
n
working
in
th
e
t
e
ac
hing
fi
el
d
fo
r
about
14
y
ea
rs
.
His
areas
of
int
er
est
in
cl
ude
power
elec
t
roni
cs,
e
lectr
i
ca
l
m
a
chi
nes
and
so
la
r
ene
rgy
sys
te
ms
.
He
h
as
110
publi
c
at
ions
in
interna
ti
ona
l
j
ourna
ls.
His
r
e
sea
rch
pap
ers
80
hav
e
b
ee
n
pre
sen
te
d
in
var
ious/IEEE
in
te
rna
ti
ona
l/
na
ti
o
nal
conf
er
ences.
Curre
n
tl
y,
h
e
is
working
as
Profess
or
and
Hea
d
in
th
e
Dep
art
m
ent
of
E
EE,
Karpa
ga
m
Co
llege
of
Eng
ine
er
i
ng,
Coi
mba
tor
e.
He
is
guid
ing
7
Ph.D
schol
ars
under
Anna
uni
ver
sity,
Chenn
ai.
He
got
Best
F
ac
ul
ty
Aw
ard
s
f
or
nea
r
ly
f
ive
ti
me
s
.
He
wrote
more
th
an
th
irty
books.
He
is
t
he
rev
ie
wer
for
ma
ny
r
eputed
jo
urna
ls.
H
e
is
a
li
fe
me
mb
er
of
I
nstrume
nt
Soc
ie
t
y
of
India
and
In
dia
n
Soci
et
y
for
Te
chn
ic
a
l
Edu
cation.
H
e
is
a
me
mb
er
in
I
EEE.
He
cl
e
are
d
NP
TE
L
c
ertificat
ion
Course.
Rec
e
ive
d
“DIGITAL
GU
RU
AWARD
AN
D
CAS
H
PR
IZE
”
f
or
val
u
able
cont
r
ibut
ions
towar
ds
the
dig
it
a
l
cont
e
nt
dev
el
op
ed
for
Pow
er
E
le
c
tr
onic
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.