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r
k
.
Mu
ltip
l
e
-
p
o
s
t
p
er
m
an
a
n
t
m
ag
n
et
i
s
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
c
h
o
ice
f
o
r
th
is
t
y
p
e
o
f
co
o
r
d
in
ated
g
en
er
ato
r
.
Sin
ce
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
h
av
e
a
cu
r
r
en
t
R
o
to
r
an
d
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
w
it
h
o
u
t
a
g
ea
r
b
o
x
,
it
o
f
f
er
s
g
r
ea
ter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
u
e
to
h
ig
h
er
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
f
e
w
er
m
ai
n
te
n
a
n
ce
.
T
h
is
r
ed
u
ce
s
n
ac
elle
w
e
ig
h
t
an
d
ex
p
en
s
e
s
.
[
1
2
]
.
DC
-
DC
h
elp
co
n
v
er
ter
co
n
tain
s
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
v
iab
le
h
elp
co
n
v
er
ter
s
an
d
u
tili
za
ti
o
n
s
a
180
-
d
eg
r
ee
co
o
r
d
in
ated
r
ec
o
n
ciliatio
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
t
h
at
a
n
i
m
a
tes
t
h
e
tr
a
d
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
d
c
co
m
m
it
m
en
ts
to
t
h
e
m
ass
d
ata
co
n
v
er
ter
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
th
e
d
ata
ar
e
a
4
5
V/6
.
5
k
W
f
o
r
ce
u
n
i
t
d
e
v
ice
a
n
d
a
5
0
V
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
m
o
d
u
le,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
u
t
ilizi
n
g
a
m
ass
o
f
M
A
T
L
A
B
/Si
m
u
li
n
k
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
v
esti
g
ati
n
g
t
h
e
p
o
ten
tia
l
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
f
r
o
m
a
s
u
n
li
g
h
t
b
ased
b
r
ee
ze
h
alf
b
r
ee
d
f
r
am
e
w
o
r
k
to
a
d
is
tan
t
ar
ea
f
o
u
n
d
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
l
y
f
r
o
m
E
th
io
p
ia
's
p
r
im
ar
y
p
o
w
er
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
[
1
4
]
.
A
p
o
s
s
ib
le
m
o
d
el
is
to
b
e
u
s
ed
in
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
o
lar
-
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
(
HSW
P
S),
w
h
ich
is
g
iv
e
n
a
s
in
g
le
-
p
iv
o
t
o
r
h
u
b
-
s
u
n
-
o
r
ien
t
ed
g
lo
b
al
p
o
s
itio
n
i
n
g
p
o
s
itio
n
[
1
5
]
.
A
g
o
o
d
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
p
lan
n
i
n
g
h
y
b
r
id
s
o
lar
-
w
i
n
d
s
y
s
te
m
s
th
a
t
u
s
e
b
atter
y
b
an
k
s
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
a
n
d
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
t
h
e
an
n
u
al
co
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
is
li
m
ited
w
h
ile
ac
h
iev
in
g
t
h
e
m
u
c
h
-
n
ee
d
ed
en
e
r
g
y
s
u
p
p
l
y
(
L
P
SP
)
lo
s
s
es
[
1
6
]
.
E
x
p
er
i
m
en
tal
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
m
o
d
els
ar
e
to
tal
c
u
r
r
en
t
co
s
t,
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
le
f
ea
t
u
r
e,
an
d
r
ec
o
v
er
y
ti
m
e.
Du
e
to
th
e
p
r
e
-
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
atio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
ten
t
o
f
R
E
S
i
n
tr
av
eler
ac
ti
v
i
ties
an
d
th
e
lac
k
o
f
in
te
n
s
i
v
e
s
h
elter
co
u
r
s
es,
w
h
i
ch
r
eq
u
ir
es
o
f
f
ices
w
i
th
a
ce
r
t
ain
le
v
el
o
f
co
m
f
o
r
t
[
1
7
]
.
A
p
o
ten
tial
a
n
s
w
er
f
o
r
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
f
o
r
ce
ag
e
is
to
u
tili
ze
a
h
y
b
r
id
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
te
m
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
w
i
th
s
o
m
e
h
y
d
r
o
g
en
e
n
er
g
y
s
to
ck
p
ili
n
g
[
1
8
]
.
Dis
tr
ib
u
ted
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
(
DP
GSs
)
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
all
y
f
r
ie
n
d
l
y
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
s
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
a
h
u
g
e
a
d
v
an
ce
m
en
t
ar
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
w
o
r
l
d
[
1
9
]
.
So
lar
P
V
en
er
g
y
h
as
s
ee
n
t
w
o
f
o
ld
d
i
g
it
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
i
n
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
d
ec
ad
e
[
2
0
]
.
T
o
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
a
n
id
ea
l
r
elativ
e
in
te
g
r
ato
r
-
s
u
b
s
id
iar
y
r
eg
u
lato
r
f
o
r
r
ec
u
r
r
en
ce
g
u
id
eli
n
e
in
a
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
m
icr
o
g
r
id
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
t
e
m
b
ased
o
n
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
le
ag
e
[
2
1
]
.
Stan
d
-
alo
n
e
h
y
b
r
id
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
te
m
(
SH
R
E
S)
as
a
ch
o
ice
as
o
p
p
o
s
ed
t
o
o
il
b
ased
g
o
o
d
b
ased
g
en
er
ato
r
s
[
2
2
]
.
T
o
ca
l
cu
late
t
h
e
b
es
t
s
ize
o
f
t
h
e
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
ar
il
y
s
tab
le
s
tr
ate
g
y
(
E
SS
)
,
P
V,
an
d
d
iesel
g
en
er
ato
r
in
a
b
o
at
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
to
r
estrict
C
O
2
s
u
r
g
e,
f
u
el
co
s
t,
an
d
h
y
p
o
t
h
esi
s
co
s
t
[
2
3
]
.
T
o
r
elate
g
en
er
ato
r
s
to
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
f
r
am
e
w
o
r
k
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
AC
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
w
it
h
tr
ac
k
er
s
[
2
4
]
.
Geo
lo
g
y
co
llected
th
e
m
o
s
t
o
u
tr
ag
eo
u
s
p
o
w
er
u
s
i
n
g
m
u
lt
i
-
i
n
p
u
t
h
e
lp
co
n
v
er
ter
s
f
o
r
cr
ea
m
en
er
g
y
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
p
lan
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
an
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
h
y
b
r
id
s
o
lar
-
w
in
d
s
y
s
te
m
(
A
HSW
S)
co
n
tr
o
lle
d
s
ca
tter
ed
ag
e
f
r
am
e
w
o
r
k
g
i
v
in
g
to
a
3
Ļ
-
4
w
ir
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
d
im
i
n
is
h
in
g
o
f
ex
p
er
tis
e
ef
f
ec
t
u
ated
b
y
t
h
e
u
n
r
ep
le
n
is
h
ab
le
en
er
g
y
d
eter
m
in
at
io
n
i
n
v
ie
w
o
f
t
h
e
p
lu
n
g
e
o
f
o
il
s
u
b
o
r
d
in
ates
h
as
m
ad
e
a
s
u
b
s
ti
tu
te
n
ec
e
s
s
i
t
y
f
o
r
m
ai
n
tai
n
ab
le
f
o
r
ce
s
o
u
r
ce
s
to
ex
p
ec
t
an
es
s
en
tial
p
ar
t
in
g
i
v
in
g
p
o
w
er
at
a
g
r
ea
ter
ex
te
n
s
io
n
.
[
2
7
]
.
A
p
r
o
m
i
s
e
to
th
e
i
s
s
u
e
o
f
co
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
p
o
w
er
s
an
d
v
o
lta
g
es
in
an
elec
tr
ical
as
s
o
ciatio
n
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
(
P
Q)
u
s
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
m
o
d
u
le
an
d
cu
s
h
y
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
ller
[
2
9
]
.
Sev
er
al
p
ap
er
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
m
a
n
y
a
u
th
o
r
s
b
u
t
n
o
n
e
h
av
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
1
0
0
%
ac
cu
r
ac
y
s
o
f
ar
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
attem
p
ted
to
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
th
at
co
m
b
in
e
s
co
s
t
an
d
f
le
x
ib
il
it
y
id
en
ti
f
icat
io
n
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Var
iatio
n
o
f
d
ec
is
io
n
,
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
task
s
,
an
d
is
s
u
es
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
th
is
m
o
d
el.
Var
iet
y
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
w
o
r
k
b
est
u
s
i
n
g
a
s
i
m
p
l
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
ta
s
k
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
c
tio
n
u
n
d
er
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
T
h
e
ter
m
s
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
w
i
n
d
/P
V
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
at
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
b
r
ief
l
y
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
an
d
h
o
w
th
e
y
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
s
ec
to
r
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
ex
ec
u
tio
n
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
M
A
T
L
A
B
/
Si
m
u
lin
k
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
.
T
h
e
cr
itical
s
q
u
ar
es
ar
e
ar
r
an
g
ed
in
M
A
T
L
A
B
a
s
t
h
e
b
r
ee
ze
e
n
er
g
y
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
is
m
i
m
ick
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
lib
r
ar
y
i
n
t
h
e
s
i
m
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
to
o
l stas
h
.
T
h
e
s
o
lar
-
b
ased
P
V
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
MP
PT
(
g
r
ea
test
f
o
r
ce
p
o
in
t f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
)
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
ar
e
r
ee
n
ac
ted
u
s
i
n
g
a
s
i
m
p
o
w
er
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
b
y
a
n
d
lar
g
e
u
s
ed
Si
m
u
li
n
k
b
lo
ck
s
.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
cir
cu
it
i
s
m
i
m
ic
k
ed
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
f
o
r
ce
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
lib
r
ar
y
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
ce
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
an
d
g
r
id
ar
e
r
ec
r
ea
ted
u
s
in
g
a
s
i
m
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
d
ev
ice
co
m
p
ar
t
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
n
o
r
m
al
co
u
p
li
n
g
p
o
in
t
is
r
ec
r
ea
ted
f
o
r
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
o
f
t
w
is
t
/clo
s
e
b
y
p
lan
etar
y
g
at
h
er
i
n
g
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eq
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n
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f
r
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ab
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1
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s
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[5
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A
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m
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a
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.
[6
]
J.
Hu
i,
A
.
Ba
k
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sh
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i
,
a
n
d
P
.
K.
J
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[7
]
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sh
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6
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[8
]
R.
Ra
jes
h
a
n
d
M
.
M
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Ca
r
o
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n
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ā
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o
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6
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[9
]
A.
D.
S
p
e
ra
,
e
t
a
l,
ā
W
in
d
T
u
rb
i
n
e
A
e
ro
d
y
n
a
m
ics
,
ā
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in
d
T
u
r
b
in
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.
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p
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2
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2
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9
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0
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Ch
e
n
,
J.
M
.
G
u
e
rre
ro
,
a
n
d
F
.
Blaa
b
jerg
,
ā
A
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v
ie
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th
e
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tate
o
f
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rt
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o
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EL
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2
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0
1
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8
2
.
[1
1
]
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X
ia,
K.
H.
A
h
m
e
d
a
n
d
B.
W
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li
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m
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m
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2
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[1
2
]
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.
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.
L
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n
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,
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.
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[1
3
]
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S
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h
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R.
M
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n
n
,
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latio
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h
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ter
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s E
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2
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4
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6
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7
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9
.
[1
4
]
G
.
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k
e
le
a
n
d
B.
P
a
lm
,
ā
F
e
a
sib
il
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d
y
f
o
r
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sta
n
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lo
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lar w
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a
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rid
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e
rg
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s
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ste
m
f
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r
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p
p
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ti
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n
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h
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ia,ā
A
p
p
l
ied
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
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l.
8
7
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n
o
.
2
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p
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5
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e
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a
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e
rg
y
.
2
0
0
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0
6
.
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0
6
.
[1
5
]
G.
M
.
T
in
a
a
n
d
S
.
G
a
g
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n
o
,
ā
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o
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m
o
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o
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h
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k
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,
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n
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.
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.
[1
6
]
H.
Ya
n
g
,
Z.
W
e
i,
a
n
d
L
.
Ch
e
n
g
z
h
i,
ā
Op
ti
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sig
n
a
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h
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ra
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e
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o
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0
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a
p
e
n
e
rg
y
.
2
0
0
8
.
0
3
.
0
0
8
.
[1
7
]
G.
J.
Da
lt
o
n
,
D.
A
.
L
o
c
k
in
g
to
n
,
a
n
d
T.
E.
Ba
ld
o
c
k
,
ā
F
e
a
sib
il
it
y
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n
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ly
sis
o
f
sta
n
d
-
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lo
n
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re
n
e
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le
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n
e
rg
y
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p
p
ly
o
p
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
a
larg
e
h
o
tel,
ā
Ren
e
wa
b
le
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
3
3
,
n
o
.
7
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p
p
.
1
4
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5
-
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4
9
0
,
J
u
ly
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,
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o
i
:
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0
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1
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1
6
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re
n
e
n
e
.
2
0
0
7
.
0
9
.
0
1
4
.
[1
8
]
M.
J.
Kh
a
n
a
n
d
M
.
T
.
Iq
b
a
l,
ā
P
re
-
f
e
a
sib
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o
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sta
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e
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y
s
y
ste
m
s
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r
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ti
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wf
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lan
d
,
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le E
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y
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0
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o
.
6
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p
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y
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,
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n
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.
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[1
9
]
F
.
Blaa
b
jerg
,
R.
T
e
o
d
o
re
sc
u
,
M
.
L
ise
rre
,
a
n
d
A
.
V
.
T
im
b
u
s,
ā
Ov
e
rv
ie
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o
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n
tro
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a
n
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rid
S
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c
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ro
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iza
ti
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n
f
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r
Distrib
u
te
d
P
o
w
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n
e
ra
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s,
ā
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E
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ra
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sa
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ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
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u
stria
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e
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2
0
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7
.
[2
0
]
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.
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A
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d
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A
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M
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M
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ss
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e
d
,
a
n
d
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h
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e
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se
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e
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P
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e
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h
n
iq
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e
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r
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h
o
to
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o
l
taic
-
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se
d
M
icro
g
rid
s,
ā
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E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
P
o
we
r
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e
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tro
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ics
,
v
o
l
.
2
6
,
n
o
.
4
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p
.
1
0
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,
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ril
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0
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o
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9
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EL
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