In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
1, Mar
ch 20
19,
p
p.
454~
4
6
2
IS
S
N
: 2088-
86
94,
D
O
I
:
10.11
59
1
/ij
ped
s
.
v10
.
i
1.pp
4
54-
46
2
454
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
Performance investigation of m
ulti-lev
el inverter for DFIG
during grid autoreclosure operation
Ma
h
r
o
u
s
A
h
m
e
d
1
, Moh
amed
K
. Met
w
a
ly
2
,
N
agy I.
E
l
k
a
l
ash
y
3
1,
2
,
3
Dep
a
rt
m
e
nt
o
f
Electri
cal E
ngin
eering
, Co
l
l
e
ge o
f En
gin
eerin
g, T
aif
Uni
v
ersit
y
, K
S
A
1
Dep
a
rtm
e
nt o
f El
ec
t
r
ical
En
g
i
n
eerin
g,
F
acult
y
o
f
E
ng
i
n
eeri
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g
,
S
o
u
th Va
l
ley
Uni
v
er
sit
y
, Egy
p
t
2,
3
D
e
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
of El
ectri
cal E
ngin
eeri
n
g
, F
aculty
o
f
E
ngin
eering
,
M
en
oufi
a
U
niv
e
rsity,
E
g
ypt
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
Re
ce
i
v
e
d
Ju
l
1
7,
201
8
Re
vise
d O
c
t
3
0
,
2018
A
c
c
e
pte
d
D
ec 3,
201
8
T
h
i
s
p
a
p
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r
a
i
m
s
t
o
s
t
u
d
y
t
h
e
m
u
l
t
i
-
l
e
v
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l
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
(
M
L
I
)
f
e
d
t
h
e
w
id
ely
used
do
ub
ly
-fed
i
nducti
on
g
en
erato
r
s
(D
F
I
G).
The
new
DF
IG
g
en
erator
con
n
ected
to
t
h
e
e
lectri
cal
g
rid
is
e
valu
ated
d
u
r
ing
si
ngle-p
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le
a
u
t
o
r
ecl
os
ure
o
p
er
ati
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to
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ontin
ue
t
h
e
g
en
era
t
or
s
upp
ort
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t
he
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
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h
e
e
ff
ect
o
f
usin
g
M
L
I
on
th
e
p
e
rf
orm
a
nce
of
t
h
e
D
F
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G
sy
st
em
d
urin
g
the
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
op
erat
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
aut
o
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e
is
s
tu
d
i
ed
f
o
r
t
he
f
i
r
st
t
i
m
e
an
d
i
n
tegrati
n
g
a
n
ew
M
L
I
duri
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th
e
f
a
ult and clearin
g perio
d
s
.
A
d
y
n
am
i
c
arc
m
od
el
i
s re
p
r
esen
ted
dep
e
ndi
ng
on
K
i
z
il
cay
m
o
d
el.
F
u
rth
e
rm
ore,
t
he
d
yn
amics
perf
orm
a
nce
of
t
h
e
D
F
I
G
du
rin
g
i
nt
egratio
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w
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t
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M
L
I
t
o
im
pro
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t
h
e
perform
a
n
c
e
is
s
tudi
ed
.
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h
e
MLI
is
p
ref
e
rred
bec
a
us
e
of
p
roces
si
ng
h
ig
h
po
wer
with
h
igh
resolut
ion
o
f
t
he
vo
lt
age
w
a
vef
o
rms
an
d
lo
wer
stres
s
es
o
n
switches.
T
h
e
M
LI
e
nh
an
ces
t
h
e
perf
o
r
man
ce
of
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F
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e
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ociat
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wit
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ctri
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rid
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st
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m
i
n
cas
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o
f
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ingle-p
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ro
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case
s
o
f
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t
u
d
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s
are
si
mu
lat
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d
us
in
g
M
a
tl
ab/S
im
ulin
k
to
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valuate
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h
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p
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ed
s
y
ste
m
perf
o
r
man
ce
d
u
ri
ng
t
h
e
auto
reclo
s
ure
op
erati
o
n
f
o
r
f
a
ults
i
n
do
uble-ci
r
c
u
it
transmissi
on sys
t
em
s
.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
A
r
c
i
ng
fa
ul
t
Do
ub
l
e
-c
i
r
c
u
it
t
ra
n
s
mi
ssio
n
lin
e
D
o
u
b
l
y
-fe
d
i
n
duc
ti
on
gene
ra
tors
Mu
lt
i-leve
l
in
v
e
rter
S
i
ng
le-p
o
l
e
aut
o
rec
l
osur
e
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Ma
hrous A
h
m
ed,
D
e
pa
rtme
nt
o
f
El
e
c
t
rica
l
Eng
i
ne
eri
ng,
Col
l
e
g
e
of
E
n
g
i
ne
er
in
g,
T
aif
U
n
ive
r
si
t
y
,
K
S
A
.
Em
ail:
me
ahmed7
@
g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
The
W
i
n
d
e
ne
rgy
ha
s
o
b
v
i
ous
ly
b
ecom
e
a
n
effect
i
v
e
su
p
p
or
t
for
t
he
e
n
e
r
gy
s
ourc
e
s
i
n
e
lec
t
r
i
c
ity
gene
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
l
ove
r
the
w
o
rl
d
.
T
he
t
ra
nsm
i
s
s
i
on
sys
t
em
s
a
r
e
i
m
p
orta
n
t
t
o
con
n
ec
t
betw
ee
n
ge
ne
rat
i
on
u
n
i
t
s
and
loa
d
s
a
nd
a
c
c
o
rd
i
n
g
l
y
fa
cil
ita
te
b
ulk
p
o
w
e
r
t
ransm
i
ssi
ons.
F
o
r
exa
m
ple
,
t
he
w
in
d
fa
rm
s
ge
nera
tio
ns
a
r
e
del
i
v
ere
d
t
o
t
h
e
loa
d
s
t
h
ro
ug
h
t
h
e
transm
is
si
on
s
y
st
e
m
s.
G
ene
r
a
ll
y,
t
he
d
o
u
b
le-c
i
r
cu
it
t
ransm
i
ss
i
on
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
are
used
i
n
or
d
e
r
to
e
n
h
anc
e
t
he
t
ransm
i
ssi
o
n
s
y
s
tem
re
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y.
I
f
one
o
f
t
h
e
c
i
rcu
i
ts
i
s
fa
ulte
d,
i
t
is
i
s
o
la
te
d
by t
h
e
pro
t
ec
ti
on sy
stem
s
an
d
a
c
c
o
rdi
n
g
l
y,
the
p
ow
er
i
s
t
r
ansm
i
tte
d
thro
u
gh
the
o
t
her
cir
c
uit.
Rce
n
tl
y
do
u
b
ly-
f
ed
i
n
d
u
ct
io
n
ge
ne
rator
(
D
F
I
G
)
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
t
he
r
es
ources
o
f
w
i
nd
e
nergy
conver
t
e
d
to
elec
tr
ic
e
ner
g
y
.
D
FIG
is
t
he
c
omm
only
use
d
p
at
tern-
b
ase
d
w
in
d
t
urbi
ne
b
eca
use
it
has
s
m
a
l
l
scale
c
o
n
v
e
r
ters
and
i
t
s
co
n
t
ro
l
fa
ci
lit
y
rega
rding
t
h
e
ac
t
i
ve
a
nd
r
ea
ct
iv
e
p
o
we
r
w
h
ic
h
is
s
i
g
nifica
n
t
r
ega
r
di
n
g
t
h
e
g
ri
d
in
t
e
grat
io
n
[
1
]-[4]
.
Pr
evio
usl
y
,
the
ge
nera
t
o
rs-
b
ased
w
i
n
d
t
u
rb
ine
f
a
rms
were
out
o
f
service
fr
om
t
he
g
rid
con
n
ec
tio
n
w
h
e
n
t
he
t
e
r
m
i
na
l
vo
l
t
age
le
ss
t
h
a
n
8
0
%
of
t
he
r
ated
v
a
l
ue
,
w
h
ic
h
is
c
ur
rent
l
y
n
o
t
v
a
l
id
b
ec
ause
o
f
h
i
g
h
b
r
ea
kth
r
ou
gh
o
f
w
i
nd
f
arms
.
Fo
r
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
ng
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
f
a
r
m
s
o
p
e
rati
on,
t
he
g
r
i
d
c
ode
r
eq
uire
me
nt
s
w
e
r
e
upda
t
e
d b
y
the
pow
e
r
sy
s
tem
o
p
er
ati
o
n
[5]-
[7].
The w
ort
h
ie
s
t
dem
an
d i
n
t
hese re
g
u
l
at
i
o
n
s
is t
h
at r
elate
d
to
t
he
b
eha
v
i
o
r
duri
ng
the
fau
lt
c
a
ses.
T
hr
o
u
g
h
th
is
r
e
q
ui
r
e
m
e
n
t,
t
he
g
e
n
e
r
ator
i
mm
unit
y
s
ho
u
l
d
be
i
ncr
e
ased
dur
in
g
the
fa
u
lt
a
nd
sta
y
ed
c
on
nec
t
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
gri
d
f
or
a
s
pec
i
fi
c
pe
ri
o
d
de
fine
d
b
y
t
h
i
s
rule
c
h
a
rac
t
erist
i
c
,
w
h
ic
h is c
al
led
the
fa
u
lt
ride t
hro
u
g
h
(
FRT) or the
low
vo
lta
ge
r
ide through (
LVR
T
) char
acteris
t
i
c
[8],
[
9
].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Pe
rf
om
a
n
c
e
in
ve
stig
as
tio
n o
f
m
u
l
t
i-
lev
e
l
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
f
o
r
d
fig d
u
r
i
n
g
grid au
to
rec
l
osu
r
e.
..
(M
ahro
u
s Ahm
e
d)
45
5
The
r
e
are
se
vera
l
fa
ult
c
l
as
si
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
ns
i
n
pow
er
s
ys
tem
s
s
uch
t
ra
nsi
e
nt
/
p
erma
n
e
nt
f
au
lt
s
,
s
in
gl
e
-
pha
se/
t
w
o
-p
ha
se
/thre
e-p
h
a
s
e
fa
u
lts,
ea
rth/
ph
ase
fa
ults,
a
n
d
sh
u
n
t
/
s
e
r
ies
fa
ults.
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n
t
h
e
f
a
u
l
t
i
s
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en
t,
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l
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ne
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o
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o
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er
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nto
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a
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o
w
e
v
er,
w
h
e
n
t
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ul
t
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t
ra
ns
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nt,
t
h
e
li
ne
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
is
ola
t
e
d
a
nd
the
n
r
ec
los
i
ng
af
ter
a
prede
t
erm
i
n
e
d
tim
e
i
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
a
void
clo
s
in
g
o
n
t
o
faul
t.
M
os
t
of
t
he
f
a
u
l
t
s
in
t
he
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er
t
ran
s
m
i
ssi
o
n
sy
st
ems
a
r
e
t
r
an
s
i
en
t
f
a
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han
8
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%
.
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h
e
ma
in
f
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ture
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ug
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t
h
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r
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c
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o
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ngl
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th
e t
r
an
si
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e c
a
ll
ed
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cing f
aults.
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erg
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o
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c
is
dimi
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she
d
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ul
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r
r
ent
is
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n
t
err
upt
e
d
.
H
o
w
e
ve
r,
t
he
r
e
is
a
t
im
e
where
the
arc
i
ng
m
e
di
um
i
s
de-
io
niz
e
d
w
h
er
e
th
i
s
p
e
r
i
od
i
s
c
a
l
le
d
t
h
e
se
con
d
ar
y
arc
.
T
he
s
ec
o
nd
ary
a
r
c
pe
rio
d
t
im
e
depe
nds
on
th
e
surrou
n
d
i
n
g
m
edi
u
m
suc
h
a
s
w
i
nd.
A
f
t
er
t
he
a
r
c
i
n
g
m
e
d
i
um
i
s
de-
io
n
i
z
e
d,
t
he
r
ec
l
o
s
u
re
c
an
s
a
f
e
l
y
r
eclo
s
e
w
itho
u
t
s
w
i
tc
h
i
n
g
o
nt
o
fau
l
t
a
nd
acc
or
di
n
g
ly
it
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n
ser
t
s
t
h
e
c
i
r
cui
t
o
nt
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hea
l
t
hy
o
p
e
r
ati
o
n.
G
ener
al
ly,
t
h
e
rec
l
osin
g
i
n
s
t
a
n
t
de
pe
n
d
s
on
d
e
t
ec
ti
n
g
t
he
s
ec
o
ndary
a
r
c
e
xt
i
n
c
t
i
o
n
i
nst
a
nt
a
n
d
t
h
e
re
c
l
o
s
ur
e
i
s
a
da
pti
v
el
y
rec
l
osin
g
tha
t
i
s
c
a
l
l
e
d
a
dap
t
ive
re
cl
osur
e
[10]-[
17].
Integ
r
a
t
ing
the
de
si
gne
d
D
F
IG
w
ith
t
he
a
ut
ore
c
l
o
sur
e
pro
t
ec
ti
on
s
y
st
e
m
i
s
eval
ua
te
d
i
n
t
h
i
s
pa
per.
H
ow
ever
,
the
oper
a
t
i
on
o
f
t
h
e
s
in
g
l
e-p
o
le
a
utor
ecl
os
ure
h
a
s
n
o
t
in
t
e
grate
d
w
ith
t
he
pe
r
form
an
c
e
of the
gri
d
c
on
ne
c
t
ed
D
F
I
G
.
U
s
in
g
m
u
l
t
i
-
l
e
vel
i
n
verte
r
s
(
M
LI
s)
[
18]
, [1
9] i
s
pref
erre
d c
o
mp
a
r
ed w
ith
the
c
o
nve
n
tio
na
l tw
o le
ve
l
s
H
-
bridge
i
nver
t
er
f
or
m
a
n
y
r
e
aso
n
s.
M
LI
s
a
r
e
able
t
o
pro
c
ess
h
i
g
h
pow
e
r
a
t
low
sw
i
t
c
h
in
g
fre
q
ue
nc
y
an
d
hi
gh
ou
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
ta
ge
r
e
s
ol
u
t
i
on
(l
ow
t
o
t
a
l
h
a
r
m
oni
c
d
i
st
ort
i
o
n
(
THD)).
T
herefore,
MLIs
h
ave
lower
switches
st
r
e
sses
w
i
t
h
h
ig
her
effi
c
i
e
n
c
y
.
O
n
e
more
i
mpor
t
a
nt
a
d
v
a
n
ta
ge
o
f
t
h
e
MLIs
i
s
th
e
modu
l
a
ri
ty
w
hi
ch
e
n
a
bl
e
MLIs
t
o
ope
ra
te
e
ve
n
if
u
nd
er
f
aul
t
y
c
on
d
iti
on
[20],
[2
1
]
.
This
i
s
ca
n
be
d
o
n
e
b
y
m
od
ify
i
ng
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
alg
o
ri
t
h
m
t
o
b
ypa
ss the
fa
u
l
t
y
sec
tio
n w
i
t
h
o
u
t cha
n
gin
g
i
n
the
MLI
st
r
u
ct
ure.
The
r
e
are
thre
e
m
a
in
M
LI
s
ca
t
e
g
o
ries
(
1)
n
e
u
t
r
al
p
oi
n
t
c
lam
p
ed
M
L
I
;
(
2)
c
a
s
c
a
ded
dc
s
our
ces
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
,
(
3
)
f
l
y
i
n
g
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
M
L
I
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
.
M
L
I
s
c
a
n
a
l
s
o
b
e
d
i
v
ide
d
i
n
t
o
t
w
o
ma
in
c
at
egor
ie
s
b
a
sed
on
t
h
e
dc
s
ourc
e
s
a
v
aila
b
l
e,
s
ymm
e
trica
l
a
n
d
a
s
y
m
m
e
t
r
i
c
a
l
M
L
Is.
I
n
s
ym
m
e
trica
l
M
LI,
all
dc
s
ource
s
are
equa
l
w
h
i
l
e
i
n
a
s
y
m
m
e
t
r
i
c
a
l
M
L
I
s
d
c
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
a
r
e
n
o
t
e
q
u
a
l
.
A
s
y
m
m
e
t
r
i
c
a
l
M
L
I
s
ar
e
used
t
o
gene
ra
te
h
i
g
he
r
leve
l
s
com
p
are
to
t
he
s
ym
me
trical
M
LI
s
for
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
num
ber
of
s
w
itc
hes
.
Th
e
m
a
in
r
ati
o
s
am
ong
dc
s
o
u
rc
es
a
re
1:
2
a
n
d
1:3,
a
nd
t
h
e
1
:
3
rat
i
o
ca
n
de
v
e
lo
p
the
h
i
ghes
t
o
u
t
pu
t
v
ol
ta
ge
r
esol
u
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
th
us
l
ow
est
TH
D
.
R
e
ce
ntly
h
ybrid
MLI
is
e
m
e
rged
[
22]-[24
]
t
o
reduce
t
he
n
umber
o
f
MLI
’
sw
i
t
c
h
es
u
se
d
a
n
d
th
us
i
nc
rea
s
in
g
the
i
r
r
e
l
i
a
b
il
it
y.
H
ybr
i
d
M
L
I
s
hav
e
d
i
ffe
r
e
nt
s
truc
ture
w
it
h
d
i
ff
ere
n
t
d
c
s
ou
rc
es
r
at
i
o
.
By
l
o
oki
ng
to
t
h
e
lite
rat
u
re
r
e
v
ie
w
,
one
c
an
n
otic
e
t
h
a
t
M
LIs
ar
e
rarely
i
nc
o
r
por
ate
d
w
i
t
h
the
D
F
IG
s
yste
m
a
l
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
y
ha
ve
ma
ny
t
y
p
e
s,
c
ateg
ories
a
n
d
a
dva
n
t
age
s
.
Thi
s
i
s
i
n
dica
te
d
t
h
a
t
M
LI
i
n
t
egr
a
ted
w
i
t
h
t
he
D
FI
G
syste
m
i
s
ope
n
f
o
r
research.
I
n
t
hi
s
p
a
pe
r,
a
m
ul
ti-
l
e
ve
l
i
nver
t
er
i
s
i
n
te
gra
t
e
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
D
F
IG
i
ns
tea
d
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
nt
iona
l
tw
o
leve
ls
i
nver
t
e
r
s.
T
he
p
e
rfor
m
a
n
ce
o
f
m
u
lti-l
e
vel
i
nver
t
er
c
o
n
tr
o
l
i
s
eva
l
u
a
ted
w
h
en
t
he
w
in
d
dr
ive
n
s
y
s
te
m
fe
d
D
F
IG
i
s
subje
c
t
e
d
t
o
tr
ansie
n
t
gr
o
und
fa
ul
t
.
T
h
i
s
re
sear
ch
re
veals
t
h
a
t
t
he
w
ind
t
u
rbi
n
e
ge
ne
rat
o
r
i
m
mu
n
i
t
y
c
ould
b
e
cap
a
b
l
e
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
t
h
r
o
ugh
t
h
e
si
n
g
l
e
-
p
h
a
s
e
aut
o
re
cl
os
ure.
T
he
n,
t
he
D
F
I
G
dur
in
g
the
fa
ult
per
i
o
d
s
i
n
t
he
d
o
u
b
le-c
i
r
cui
t
t
ransm
i
ssi
o
n
sys
t
e
ms
a
nd
cl
ea
ring
f
aul
t
i
s
in
t
e
g
r
at
ed
.
The
do
u
b
l
e
-c
irc
u
i
t
i
s
c
ons
ider
e
d
i
n
t
h
is
p
a
p
er
d
u
e
t
o
its
e
nha
nc
em
e
nt
i
n
the
gr
i
d
r
e
lia
bi
l
ity
a
s
the
fa
u
lte
d
cir
c
ui
t
is
in
t
e
rrup
t
e
d
u
si
ng
t
h
e
pro
t
e
c
t
io
n
w
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
he
al
t
hy
c
i
rc
ui
t
c
ont
in
ues
the
pow
er
t
ransm
i
ss
io
n
serv
ice
.
T
his
d
oub
l
e
-ci
r
cui
t
i
nt
erco
nn
ec
ti
on
i
n
c
re
a
s
ed
t
h
e
D
FIG
l
o
w
vo
lt
a
g
e
r
ide
thr
o
ugh
c
a
p
a
b
il
ity
d
uri
ng
t
h
e
s
i
n
g
l
e
-
po
le
aut
o
re
cl
osur
e ope
rat
i
o
n
.
2.
SIMU
L
A
TED
SY
S
TE
M
F
i
gure
1(a
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
he
s
im
u
l
a
t
e
d
p
o
w
er
s
ystem
c
o
n
t
a
i
nin
g
t
he
3
8
0
-kV
pow
er
g
ri
d,
d
ou
b
l
e
-
circ
u
i
t
transm
i
s
s
i
on
li
ne,
del
t
a
/
sta
r
t
r
a
nsform
er
a
n
d
w
ind
farm
.
F
o
r
t
h
e
w
i
nd
fa
rm
i
nsta
lla
t
i
o
n
,
the
w
i
nd
sp
ee
d
i
s
assum
e
d a
s
1
5 m
/
s. A
l
t
h
o
u
g
h
the w
i
n
d ha
s a
dy
nam
i
c
time
c
h
ara
c
t
eris
t
i
c
, it i
s
c
on
si
dere
d a fi
xed
va
lue d
u
r
i
ng
the
fa
ul
t
a
s
t
h
e
f
au
l
t
e
ven
t
a
nd
c
l
e
ara
n
ce
h
a
s
elec
t
r
i
c
a
l
t
i
m
e
cons
t
a
n
t
t
h
a
t
is
v
ery
l
o
w
com
p
ar
ing
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
spee
d t
i
m
e
cha
nge. The w
i
nd fa
rm
c
onsis
te
d of
s
ix w
in
d ge
ner
a
t
i
on u
n
i
t
s
w
here
e
ach un
i
t
ge
ne
rate
d 1.5
M
W
.
F
u
r
t
he
r
par
a
m
e
ter
s
a
re
i
n
t
h
e
A
ppe
ndi
x.
T
he
f
a
u
lt
case
occ
u
rred
a
t
t
h
e
m
i
d
d
l
e
o
f
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
s
a
s
dep
i
c
t
ed
i
n t
h
e
figur
e. Th
i
s transm
iss
i
on s
y
s
t
em
in
t
erc
o
nne
cted
b
et
we
en
th
e
g
ri
d
and
t
h
e
wi
nd
f
a
r
m
wh
e
r
e
t
h
e
gri
d
simula
t
e
d
by a
sta
tic
s
o
u
r
c
e
behi
n
d
impe
d
ance
a
nd
p
o
w
e
r
tr
ansfor
me
r.
F
i
gure
1(b)
s
h
o
w
s
a
s
c
h
em
a
tic
d
ia
gram
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
r
u
c
t
ure
o
f
t
he
D
FIG
.
T
h
e
t
h
r
e
e
-pha
se
w
ou
nd
in
duc
t
i
on
m
ac
h
i
ne
i
s
use
d
.
Be
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
r
o
t
o
r
a
n
d
t
h
e
gri
d
,
ther
e
are
tw
o
co
nvert
e
r
s
an
d
ca
paci
t
o
r
wh
er
e
the
c
a
p
a
c
ito
r
vo
lt
ag
e
is
t
h
e
M
LI
m
ai
n
st
ag
e
volt
a
g
e
e
qu
al
t
o
th
ree
ti
me
s
of
t
h
e
a
ux
il
i
a
ry
s
t
a
g
e
volt
a
g
e
(
3
V
dc
).
The
ro
tor
si
de
c
on
verter
i
s
i
m
plem
en
ted
as
a
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
one
w
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
s
i
de
c
on
ve
rter
i
s
rep
l
ac
ed
b
y
mult
i-le
ve
l
c
o
nver
t
er
.
Whe
n
t
he
p
ow
er
d
ir
e
c
ti
o
n
i
s
from
t
he
r
o
t
or
t
o
gri
d
,
thi
s
c
o
n
ve
rt
er
opera
ti
o
n
i
s
m
u
lti-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st, Vol. 10,
N
o.
1, Mar
c
h 2
0
1
9
:
45
4 –
46
2
45
6
leve
l
inve
r
t
er
w
hi
le
i
t
i
s
oper
a
ted
as
a
r
ec
tif
i
e
r
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
pow
er
i
s
i
n
t
he
r
ever
se
d
ire
c
t
i
o
n
t
hr
ou
g
h
t
he
d
c
li
n
k
.
Bui
l
d
i
ng
up t
h
e
multi-
leve
l i
n
ver
t
e
r
i
n
the
S
i
m
u
li
nk/
Ma
t
l
ab
pr
o
gram
is dis
c
usse
d
as foll
o
w
s
.
CB
A2
A
CB
B2
B
T.
L
.
Fa
ul
t p
o
i
n
t
CB
A1
CB
B1
Gr
i
d
W
i
nd F
a
rm
(
a
)
Grid-interc
o
n
n
e
c
t
ed
w
ind
far
m
(
b) Sc
h
em
atic dia
gr
am
of
the
DFIG
F
i
gur
e 1.
S
i
m
ulate
d
b
e
n
c
h
m
a
rk
The
w
i
n
d
f
ar
m
un
der
stu
d
y
co
ns
ists
o
f
si
x
uni
ts
c
o
nnec
t
ed
i
n
pa
rallel,
th
e
param
e
ters
o
f
one
unit
base
d
DFI
G
,
con
v
erte
rs
p
ar
am
eters,
a
nd
c
o
n
t
ro
l
l
e
r
p
a
r
am
ete
r
s
ar
e
il
lu
stra
te
d
in
T
a
b
l
e
s
3,
4
,
an
d
5.
T
h
e
descr
i
pt
i
on
o
f
t
hese
p
ara
m
e
t
ers
w
a
s
repo
r
t
e
d
i
n
[2
8]
w
he
re
t
he
y
w
er
e
de
si
gne
d
for
tw
o
c
o
nve
nti
ona
l
con
v
er
t
e
rs of t
h
e
DFIG and
t
h
e
y
a
re
e
xp
lo
it
ed
f
or
i
n
t
e
g
rat
i
ng t
he
p
r
o
p
o
se
d MLI.
Ta
b
l
e
3.
P
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s of D
F
I
G
Ta
ble
4.
C
o
n
ve
rters
para
me
t
e
rs
Pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
Va
lue
Grid
s
ide
c
onve
rt
e
r
c
oupling
induc
tor
0.
3
p.
u.
Grid
s
ide
c
onve
rt
e
r
c
oupling
re
sis
t
or
0
.
003p.
u.
DC
B
us
volt
a
ge
(
3 V
dc
)
700
V
DC
B
us ca
p
ac
itor
0.
01
F
Li
ne filte
r
c
a
p
a
c
it
or
(Q
=
50) (va
r
)
120e
3
Tab
l
e
5
.
Con
tr
olle
r pa
ram
e
ter
s
Pa
r
a
m
e
te
r
V
a
l
u
e
DC
bus
volta
g
e
r
e
gula
t
or
g
a
i
ns
[
K
p
K
i
]
[4
400]
Grid-si
d
e
c
onv
e
r
t
e
r
c
u
rr
e
n
t
re
gul
a
t
or
g
a
i
ns
[
K
p
K
i
]
[0
.8
3
5
]
R
o
tor-
s
i
de
c
onv
e
r
te
r
c
u
rre
nt
r
e
gul
a
t
or
g
a
i
ns
[K
p
K
i
]
[0
.6
8
]
Spe
e
d
r
e
gula
t
or
g
a
i
ns
[
K
p
K
i
]
[1
.5
0
.
6
]
Q
a
n
d
V
r
e
g
u
lato
r
g
a
in
s [
K
i_
v
a
r
Ki
_
v
o
lt]
[
1
3
0
]
Pa
r
a
m
e
te
r
Sym
bol
V
a
l
ue
Pow
e
r
P
1.
5
M
W
Sta
t
or vol
ta
g
e
V
s
575
V
r
m
s
R
o
tor volta
ge
V
r
1975
V
r
m
s
Sta
t
or F
r
e
que
n
c
y
F
s
60H
z
S
t
at
o
r
r
es
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
R
s
0
.
023
p.
u.
R
o
tor r
e
sist
a
n
ce
R
r
0
.
016
p.
u.
R
o
tor
lea
k
a
g
e
induc
t
a
n
c
e
L
lr
0
.
16
p.
u.
Sta
t
or lea
k
a
g
e
i
nd
uc
t
a
n
c
e
L
ls
0
.
18
p.
u.
M
u
tua
l
i
nduc
t
a
n
c
e
L
m
2
.9
p
.u
.
2.1.
M
a
th
e
m
atical M
od
elin
g
of
I
n
t
er
acte
d
D
F
IG
The
m
a
them
at
ica
l
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
the
DF
IG
i
s
repr
esente
d
as
i
n
[2]
.
T
h
e
dire
ct
a
n
d
qua
d
r
ature
a
x
i
s
(dq-a
x
i
s
)
re
pre
s
en
ta
ti
on o
f
t
h
e
m
ac
hine v
ol
t
a
ges
eq
uat
i
ons
a
nd
fl
ux l
i
nka
g
e
s a
r
e
as fol
l
o
w
s
.
qs
s
ds
ds
s
ds
dt
d
i
R
V
,
ds
s
qs
qs
s
qs
dt
d
i
R
V
(
1
)
qr
r
s
dr
dr
r
dr
dt
d
i
R
V
,
dr
r
s
qr
qr
r
qr
dt
d
i
R
V
(2
)
dr
m
ds
s
ds
i
L
i
L
,
qr
m
qs
s
qs
i
L
i
L
(
3
)
ds
m
dr
r
dr
i
L
i
L
,
qs
m
qr
r
qr
i
L
i
L
(
4
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Pe
rf
om
a
n
c
e
in
ve
stig
as
tio
n o
f
m
u
l
t
i-
lev
e
l
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
f
o
r
d
fig d
u
r
i
n
g
grid au
to
rec
l
osu
r
e.
..
(M
ahro
u
s Ahm
e
d)
45
7
wher
e
s
i
s
t
h
e
a
n
gu
l
a
r
sta
t
or
s
pee
d
,
r
i
s
the
angul
a
r
rotor
s
p
eed,
R
r
a
n
d
R
s
a
re
t
he
r
o
t
or
a
n
d
stat
or
re
si
st
an
c
e
s, re
s
p
e
ct
iv
el
y
.
Th
e
st
a
t
o
r i
ndu
ct
a
n
ce
i
s
L
s
, r
ot
or
ind
uc
tance
L
r
a
nd t
h
e
m
a
gne
t
i
zin
g
i
nd
uc
ta
nc
e
L
m
.
m
ls
s
L
L
L
,
m
lr
r
L
L
L
(
5
)
wher
e
L
ls
a
nd
L
lr
a
re
t
h
e
s
t
a
t
o
r
and
ro
t
o
r
l
eak
a
g
e
in
du
ct
an
c
e
s,
r
es
p
e
c
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
sta
t
or
acti
v
e
a
nd
re
acti
v
e
pow
er
com
po
n
e
nt
s ca
n be
des
cr
ibe
d
by
;
qs
qs
ds
ds
s
i
V
i
V
P
2
3
,
qs
ds
ds
qs
s
i
V
i
V
Q
2
3
(
6
)
2.2.
Mu
l
t
i
-
l
e
ve
l Invert
ers
D
esign
F
i
gure
2
show
s
t
h
e
thr
ee-
p
h
a
s
e
co
nfi
gura
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
he
h
y
b
ri
d
mu
lt
i-le
ve
l
i
n
ve
r
t
er
t
op
o
l
o
gy
t
h
a
t
c
an
gene
ra
te
n
ine
l
e
ve
ls
f
or
lin
e
-
to-
l
i
n
e
v
o
lta
ge
[
2
3
],
[
24].
This
i
n
v
e
rt
e
r
i
s
c
o
mp
ose
d
o
f
sin
g
l
e
unit
as
a
m
a
i
n
st
a
g
e,
3
a
u
x
i
l
i
a
r
y
u
n
its,
‘1
8’
s
w
itc
hes
a
n
d
‘4
’
isola
t
e
d
une
qua
l
dc
v
o
l
tage
s
ource
s.
T
he
r
a
t
i
o
o
f
the
d
c
v
ol
t
a
ge
source
s
of
t
he
a
ux
i
lia
ry
s
tag
e
t
o
the
m
a
i
n
s
t
a
ge
i
s
ch
ose
n
1
/
3
,
t
he
refor
e
t
hi
s
i
nve
rter
p
ro
vi
des
h
i
gh
ou
t
p
ut
vo
lta
ge
l
e
v
e
l
s.
T
here
fore
,
i
f
t
he
m
ain
stage
h
a
s
vol
ta
ge
s
o
u
rce
3
,
t
h
e
n
t
he
a
ux
i
l
i
a
r
y
s
ta
ge v
o
l
tage
s
o
u
rc
e
i
s
.
The
m
a
in
s
tage
i
s
a
conve
n
t
i
o
nal
tw
o-leve
l
thre
e-p
h
ase
si
x
sw
i
t
ch
i
nver
t
e
r
.
E
ach
a
uxi
l
i
ar
y
cell
co
ns
is
t
s
of
t
he
w
el
l-k
n
o
w
n
4
s
w
itc
he
s
H
-
brid
ge
s
in
gl
e
pha
se
i
nver
t
er
w
it
h
a
si
n
g
le
d
c
s
our
ce.
E
ac
h
a
u
x
iliar
y
c
ell
c
a
n
gene
ra
te
t
hr
ee
leve
ls
v
o
lta
ges
–
,
0,
a
nd
.
The
ma
i
n
s
t
a
ge
c
an
g
en
er
ate
tw
o
l
e
v
e
ls
e
it
her
0V
o
r
3
.
There
f
ore
,
t
he
g
ener
a
t
ed
pha
se
v
o
l
t
a
ge
t
o
t
h
e
ne
u
t
r
a
l
o
f
t
h
e
d
c
s
ourc
e
w
ill
ha
v
e
f
i
v
e
l
e
vel
s
,
the
y
a
re
0
,
,
2
,
3
,
and
4
.
Ther
efore
,
t
he
l
oa
d
line
-
t
o
-l
in
e
vol
tag
e
s
can
h
ave
9
l
e
vels
v
ol
tage
s
(4
,
3
,
2
,
,
0,
-
,
-2
,
-
3
,
-4
,). T
a
ble 1
show
s the sw
itc
h
i
n
g
st
a
t
e
s o
f
th
i
s inve
rter t
opo
lo
g
y. The i
dea
beh
i
nd
c
h
o
s
en
t
h
i
s
i
nver
t
e
r
i
s
tha
t
,
on
ly
s
i
n
gl
e
dc
s
our
ce
can
be
u
se
d
fo
r
the
ma
i
n
s
t
a
ge
a
n
d
t
he
o
th
er
3
d
c
source
s
for
the a
u
x
iliar
y
c
irc
u
its c
an
b
e
ge
nera
t
e
d u
s
i
n
g
a
hig
h
fre
q
ue
ncy
t
r
ansform
e
r
(HF
T
)
[25].
Ta
b
l
e
1.
S
w
i
tc
hi
n
g
S
tates
o
f
pha
se
S
w
i
t
c
h
es
o
f
ar
m ‘
A
’
Sa
1
Sa2
Sa
3
Sa
4
Sa5
Sa
6
0V
dc
1
0
1
0
0
1
1V
dc
1
0
0
1
0
1
2V
dc
0
1
1
0
1
0
3V
dc
1
0
0
1
1
0
4V
dc
1
0
0
1
1
0
F
i
gure
2.
P
ow
er
c
ircuit o
f
t
he
n
i
n
e-
l
e
ve
l li
ne-
t
o-
li
ne
hy
bri
d
MLI
2.3.
S
p
ace V
e
c
t
or C
on
t
r
ol A
lg
or
ith
m
of
Th
r
e
e
-
ph
ase
A
s
ymm
e
tr
i
c
a
l
C
asc
ad
e
d
MLI
Th
e
in
ve
rt
er
o
u
t
pu
t
v
o
lt
a
g
es
a
re
g
en
e
r
at
ed
u
si
ng
s
p
a
ce
v
ec
t
o
r
m
o
d
u
l
at
i
o
n
c
o
nt
r
o
l
sc
he
m
e
.
The
a
c
refere
nce
v
o
lta
ges
a
r
e
a
ppr
ox
im
ate
d
by
t
h
ree
nea
r
es
t
s
w
itc
hi
n
g
vo
l
t
a
g
es
b
y
the
i
n
ver
t
er.
Ther
efor
e,
t
h
i
s
sect
io
n pr
esen
t
s
the w
el
l-kn
o
w
n spa
ce vec
t
o
r
m
od
u
l
a
t
io
n (
S
V
M
) c
ontro
l a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
[22]
-[24].
Ea
ch vo
l
tage
o
f
,
a
n
d
has
fi
v
e
p
oss
i
b
l
e
sta
t
e
s
(
0,
,
2
,
3
,
4
)
as
s
how
n
i
n
t
ab
le
1
,
th
us
t
here
a
r
e
125
pos
si
b
l
e
sta
t
es
o
f
th
i
s
i
n
v
ert
e
r
ge
nera
t
i
n
g
61
v
o
lta
ge
v
ec
tors
s
how
n
in
F
igure
3.
T
he
s
e
61
vec
t
or
s
c
a
n
be
di
vide
d
i
n
to
f
o
u
r
gro
u
p
s
ba
se
d
on
the
i
r
m
a
g
n
i
t
u
d
e
.
It
i
s
ob
ser
v
ed
f
rom
F
i
gure
3
a
n
d
Ta
b
l
e
2
t
h
at
eac
h
vect
or
gro
up l
o
ca
ted
on
sin
g
l
e
hexa
go
n c
o
ns
t
i
t
u
ti
n
g
4
g
ro
ups.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st, Vol. 10,
N
o.
1, Mar
c
h 2
0
1
9
:
45
4 –
46
2
45
8
(a
). G
roup
2
:
V
⃗
to V
⃗
w
ith
mag
n
i
t
ude
(
b
).
G
roup
3:
v
e
c
tors
V
⃗
to V
⃗
w
ith
√
3
ma
gn
i
t
ude
s (
s
ol
i
d
)
and
2
(das
h)
(
c
).
G
r
oup 4
:
V
⃗
to
V
⃗
wi
th
2.64
(
solid)
and
3
(dash)
(
d
).
G
roup
5:
V
⃗
to V
⃗
w
ith
2.4
6
(soli
d) a
nd
4
(
dash)
F
i
gur
e 3.
V
olta
ge
v
ec
tor
grou
ps d
iagr
am
of
t
h
e
five
-le
v
e
l
3
-
pha
se
M
LI
Tab
l
e
2
.
G
roup
s
of
s
pa
ce
v
ol
ta
ge ve
c
t
o
rs
V
e
c
t
or
n
am
e
St
a
t
e
s
m
a
gnitude
G
r
oup
1:
Z
e
r
o
ve
c
t
ors
[000]
,
[
111
]
,
[
22
2
]
,
[
333]
a
n
d
[
444]
.
0V
G
r
oup
2:S
m
a
l
l
v
e
c
t
ors
Six
ve
c
t
ors
w
ith
2
4
sta
t
e
s
G
r
oup
3:
M
e
d
iu
m
ve
c
t
ors1
Six
ve
c
t
ors
w
ith
1
8
sta
t
e
s
√
3
G
r
oup
3:
M
e
d
iu
m
ve
c
t
ors
2
Six
ve
c
t
ors
w
ith
1
8
sta
t
e
s
2
G
r
oup
4:
M
e
d
iu
m
ve
c
t
ors
3
T
w
el
v
e
v
e
c
t
o
r
s
w
i
t
h
2
4
s
t
at
es
2.65
G
r
oup
4:
M
e
d
iu
m
ve
c
t
ors
4
Six
ve
c
t
ors
w
ith
1
2
sta
t
e
s
3
G
r
oup
5:
L
a
r
ge
v
ec
tor
s
1
Six
ve
c
t
ors
w
ith
6
sta
t
e
s
3.46
G
r
oup
5:
L
a
r
ge
v
ec
tor
s
2
T
w
el
v
e
v
e
c
t
o
r
s
w
i
t
h
1
2
s
t
at
es
3.61
G
r
oup
5:
L
a
r
ge
v
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o
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Perf
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45
9
[
1
0
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-
[
1
7
]
.
H
oweve
r
,
such
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t
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d
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es
a
n
d
o
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r
s
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th
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usi
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yna
m
i
c
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r
c
by
[
2
6]
;
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|
|
|
(
1
0
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Where
g
i
s
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
d
e
p
e
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nt
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r
c
c
on
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i
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t
h
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time,
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nt
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h
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r
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h
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arc
resis
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ance
p
e
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ng
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h
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a
n
d
U
o
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s
t
h
e
a
r
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o
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er
uni
t
le
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g
t
h
.
In
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
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mpl
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me
n
t
t
h
e
a
rc
i
n
g
faul
t
, t
h
e
dyna
mi
c
a
r
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mo
d
e
l
(
1
0
)
i
s
so
l
v
ed
for
ea
c
h
i
n
s
ta
nta
n
e
ous ar
c
c
ur
r
e
nt
i
.
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o
l
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s
d
o
n
e
w
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th
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od
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t
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o
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ta
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tage
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2
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/
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r
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e
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ar
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h
is
3
50
c
m
a
s
de
fine
d
i
n
[
1
0
]
,
[
27]
,
[
28]
.
This
a
r
c
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m
p
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
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s
s
ui
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or
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h
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har
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cter
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s
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.
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o
w
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ar
c
pe
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r
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g
c
u
r
r
e
nt
i
s
e
x
t
r
em
ely
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e
duc
e
d
d
ue
t
h
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s
i
n
g
l
e
-
po
le
b
r
e
a
k
er
o
pen
i
n
g
at
b
ot
h
ter
m
ina
l
s
of
t
he
f
a
u
l
t
ed
pha
se
.
A
l
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
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n
tia
l
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qua
tio
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s
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s
e
d,
t
he
a
r
c
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
a
r
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h
a
n
g
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d
.
H
o
w
e
ve
r
,
t
he
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r
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rio
d
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
af
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ect
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h
e
dynami
c
p
e
rf
o
r
ma
n
c
e
of
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h
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D
FI
G
an
d
t
h
e
D
F
I
G
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e
e
s
t
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y
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t
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a
s
i
t
i
s
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n
n
o
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m
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l
ope
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ti
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n
w
i
t
h
m
i
ssi
ng
s
i
n
gle
-
phase
i
n
t
h
e
dou
ble
cir
c
u
it
t
r
ans
mi
ssio
n
sy
st
em.
Acc
o
rd
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ngl
y
,
t
hi
s
se
c
o
nd
a
r
y
a
r
cin
g
p
e
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i
o
d
i
s
n
o
t
r
e
p
r
e
se
nte
d
i
n
the
s
i
m
u
lat
i
o
n
be
nchm
ar
k.
O
nl
y,
t
he
p
er
i
od
of
0
.
2
4
sec
ob
ser
v
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
sim
u
la
ti
on
in
[
10]
,
[2
6]
,
[27]
i
s
co
ns
ider
e
d
a
s
the
ti
m
e
s
u
f
f
i
c
ie
n
t
f
or
e
xti
n
gu
is
hin
g
t
he
s
e
c
o
n
d
ar
y
a
r
c
pe
r
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o
d
.
T
h
e
n
,
t
h
e
sy
st
em
c
an
r
est
o
re
r
e
c
l
o
si
ng
t
h
e
i
so
l
a
t
e
d
c
i
rc
uit
t
o
th
e
nor
ma
l
oper
a
t
i
o
n
.
Th
e
tow
e
r
r
e
si
s
t
a
n
c
e
i
s
c
o
n
s
i
d
er
ed
12
t
hat i
s
a
dde
d
in se
r
ies wit
h
t
he
a
r
c
in
g m
o
d
e
l.
3.
RESU
L
T
S
A
ND ANALY
S
IS
I
n
te
gr
a
tin
g
t
h
e
m
odel
s
o
f
the
D
F
I
G
c
onsi
d
er
in
g
t
h
e
da
ta
g
i
v
e
n
i
n
th
e Appen
d
ix
, MLI, SVC, d
yn
amic
a
r
c
mode
l
,
a
nd
d
o
uble
tr
ansm
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s
s
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
is
a
c
c
om
pl
i
s
he
d
u
s
i
ng
t
he
M
a
t
l
a
b/S
i
mu
l
i
n
k
p
r
o
gr
a
m
.
A
c
cor
d
ing
l
y,
the
s
i
mula
t
i
on-
base
d
e
v
a
l
ua
t
i
on
o
f
inc
o
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por
ati
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g
t
h
e
MLI
w
ithi
n
t
h
e
D
FIG
i
n
st
ead
o
f
on
e
o
f
t
h
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onven
t
io
n
a
l
c
o
n
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ter
s
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s
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l
ua
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
he
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ing
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e-
p
o
le
a
ut
or
e
c
l
o
s
u
r
e
a
s
f
o
l
lo
ws.
3.
1.
A
rcin
g
F
au
lt
E
valu
a
t
i
on
F
i
r
s
t,
t
he
dyna
mic
a
r
c
char
acte
r
istic
s
ar
e
e
v
alua
te
d
as
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
.
Ref
er
r
i
ng
t
o
t
he
s
ys
tem
show
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1(
a)
,
t
h
e
fa
ul
t
occ
u
r
r
ed
a
t
t
h
e
m
i
dd
l
e
o
f
a
c
i
r
c
u
it
i
n
th
e
d
oub
l
e
-c
i
r
c
u
it
t
ran
s
missi
o
n
l
i
ne
whe
r
e
the
fau
l
t
i
n
s
t
an
t
is
1
m
s.
A
cc
ordingl
y
,
t
he
f
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lt
c
u
rr
ent
i
s
su
dde
nly
incr
ease
d
a
s
s
how
n
in
F
igur
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4(
a
)
w
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
fau
l
t
i
s
r
e
duc
ed
a
t
1.
20
2
s
w
h
e
n
a
s
in
g
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p
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o
f
t
h
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b
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T
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t
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f
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w
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r
C
B
B2
o
pe
r
a
tes
a
t
1
.
304
s
at
t
he
DFIG
s
i
d
e
.
A
cc
o
r
di
ngl
y
,
t
he
re
a
r
e
t
wo
d
i
ffe
rent
a
rci
ng
f
a
ul
t
p
e
r
i
o
d
s
a
s
d
epi
c
te
d
by
the
dy
nam
i
c
ar
c
c
h
ara
c
teris
t
ics
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
4(b).
T
h
i
s
p
er
form
ance
c
o
n
firm
s
the
b
i
l
ater
a
l
i
n
t
er
acti
on
be
twee
n
t
h
e
a
r
c
m
o
d
e
l
an
d
the
power
system.
(a)
Fau
lt
cu
rren
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
nt
J
P
ow
E
l
e
c
&
Dr
i
S
y
st,
Vol.
10,
N
o.
1
,
Mar
c
h
2
0
1
9
:
45
4
–
462
46
0
(b
)
Dynam
i
c a
r
cin
g
c
har
acte
r
ist
i
c
s
(c)
F
i
gur
e
4.
A
r
c
ing
fau
l
t
c
a
se
a
t
the
midd
le
o
f
a
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
i
n
d
ou
b
l
e
-
c
i
r
c
ui
t
tr
ans
m
i
ssi
on
s
y
stem
3
.
2
.
E
v
a
l
ua
t
i
o
n
o
f
D
F
I
G
i
n
t
e
g
ra
t
e
d
ML
I
A
s
a
f
o
r
e
m
e
nt
i
one
d,
t
h
e
a
ut
o
r
e
c
los
u
r
e
s
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
i
s
t
ha
t
th
e
fa
ul
t
o
c
c
ur
r
e
d
a
t
1
s
,
a
sin
g
le-
pole
o
f
b
r
e
a
k
ers
CB
A2
a
n
d
C
B
B2
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
op
ened
a
t
1
.
20
2
s
a
n
d
1
.
304
s
t
o
i
s
ol
at
e
t
h
e
fau
l
te
d
pha
se,
t
h
en
t
h
e
se
co
ndar
y
a
r
c
i
ng
fa
ult
per
i
od
w
a
s
e
xti
n
gu
is
hed
at
1
.
5
4
s,
a
nd
f
ina
l
l
y
t
he
o
p
e
ne
d
s
i
ng
le
-
p
o
l
e
s
o
f
the
b
r
ea
ker
s
CB
A2
a
n
d
C
B
B2
r
e
s
p
e
ct
i
v
el
y
clo
s
ed
a
t
1.
5
5
s
an
d
1.
65
s
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
r
e
s
t
or
e
t
he
s
ys
t
e
m
nor
m
a
l
ope
r
a
ti
on.
A
c
cor
d
i
n
gl
y,
t
he
i
nte
r
ac
tio
n
of
t
he
D
F
I
G
with
t
h
e
p
ow
er
s
yste
m
t
r
ans
i
e
n
t
d
u
e
to
a
u
t
or
eclo
s
ure
o
p
era
tio
n
is
e
v
al
ua
te
d
a
s
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
5.
I
n
F
i
gur
e
5(
a
)
,
t
h
e
fa
u
lt
fr
om
1
s
to
1
.
3
04
s
per
i
od
pr
od
uc
e
d
a
s
l
i
g
h
t
e
f
f
e
c
t
a
l
t
h
ou
g
h
t
he
f
aul
t
c
ur
r
e
n
t
i
s
high.
T
h
i
s
is
b
ec
ause
t
he
t
r
a
nsf
o
rmer
d
elt
a
/
s
t
a
r
co
n
n
ecti
o
n
op
en
s
th
e
z
e
r
o
-
se
que
nce
l
o
o
p
a
nd
acc
or
d
i
ngl
y
the
fa
ul
t
c
u
r
r
e
nt
d
i
s
t
r
ib
ut
io
n
is
c
ha
n
g
e
d
t
o
be
a
s
pha
s
e
-
t
o-
p
h
a
s
e
fa
u
l
t
w
ith
lowe
r
c
u
rre
nt
a
mpli
t
u
d
e
s
as
d
ep
ic
ted
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
5(b).
Fig
u
re
5
(
c
)
sho
w
s
th
e
D
F
IG
p
ower
w
h
e
re
t
h
e
re
i
s
a
p
o
w
er
s
wi
ng
s
t
a
rt
ed
j
u
s
t
af
t
e
r
t
h
e
fa
ult
cl
earan
ce
a
t
1
.
30
4
s
.
This
p
ower
s
win
g
a
ffe
c
t
s
t
h
e
cur
r
en
t
fl
ow
i
n
w
h
ic
h
t
h
er
e
is
a
n o
s
ci
l
l
a
t
ion
in
t
he c
ur
r
e
nt
e
nve
l
ope
a
s
de
p
i
ct
ed
i
n
Figu
re
5
(b
).
A
fter th
e
sy
s
tem
rest
o
r
ation
of
the
n
o
r
m
al
o
p
e
r
a
ti
o
n
a
t
1.
6
5
,
t
he
p
ow
er
a
n
d
c
ur
r
e
nts
a
r
e
dir
e
c
t
ed
t
o
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
a
l
o
pe
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
I
n
t
he
v
o
l
t
a
ge
wa
vefor
m
s
in
F
i
gur
e
5(a)
,
the
r
e
a
r
e
transie
n
t
at
i
ns
tan
t
1
.55
s
t
ha
t
was
d
u
e
t
o
c
l
o
s
i
n
g
t
he
b
re
aker
C
B
A2
a
s
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
s
t
ep
t
o
c
o
nne
c
t
t
he
i
s
o
la
t
e
d
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
i
n
t
h
e
d
ou
b
l
e
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
t
r
ansm
i
s
s
i
on
s
ys
tem
.
T
hese
t
r
a
ve
ll
ing
w
a
v
e
s
c
a
n
b
e
r
edu
c
ed
by
co
n
t
rolling
th
e b
r
eak
er s
w
itch
i
n
g
t
ime. Fig
u
r
e
5
(
d)
s
how
s
t
h
e
dc
vol
ta
ge
ac
r
oss
t
h
e
ca
pa
ci
t
o
r
i
n
be
t
w
ee
n
t
h
e
tw
o
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
s
.
T
h
e
v
o
l
tage
b
eh
avi
o
r
has
sl
ig
h
t
t
r
a
nsie
nt
s
due
t
o
t
h
e
au
tor
e
c
l
osur
e
o
p
er
at
io
n
.
The
pe
r
f
or
ma
nc
e
of
t
he
M
LI
u
n
d
e
r
t
he
p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
a
u
tor
e
c
l
os
ur
e
sce
n
a
r
i
o
is
o
bse
r
ve
d
v
i
a
t
h
e
li
ne-
t
o-
li
ne
v
o
ltage
d
e
p
i
c
te
d
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
5(
e
)
.
I
t
c
ou
l
d
b
e
no
t
i
ced
h
er
e
t
h
a
t
t
he
r
at
io
o
f
the
dc
v
ol
t
a
ges
be
tw
ee
n
t
h
e
m
a
in
s
ta
ge
a
n
d
a
u
x
i
lia
r
y
s
ta
ges
ar
e
done
u
si
ng
t
h
e
H
F
T
conce
p
t
[2
5].
The
line-
t
o
-
l
i
n
e
vo
l
t
a
g
e
is
o
b
v
i
o
usl
y
ni
ne
l
e
v
e
l
s
as
s
ta
ted
be
f
o
r
e
.
The
MLI
is
s
ucc
e
ss
fu
l
l
y
in
t
e
gr
ate
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
D
F
I
G
.
T
hat
be
hav
i
or
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
con
firms au
to
reclo
s
ure
r
i
de
-
t
h
r
ou
g
h
c
a
p
abi
l
i
t
y
o
f
t
he
D
F
I
G
u
si
ng
the
ni
ne
l
e
v
e
l
s
hybr
id
M
LI
.
(
a
)
3-
phase
v
oltage
s
at
P
CC
(
b
)
3-
pha
se
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
at
P
C
C
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Pe
rf
om
a
n
c
e
in
ve
stig
as
tio
n o
f
m
u
l
t
i-
lev
e
l
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
f
o
r
d
fig d
u
r
i
n
g
grid au
to
rec
l
osu
r
e.
..
(M
ahro
u
s Ahm
e
d)
46
1
(
c
)
G
e
ner
a
tor
a
c
ti
ve
p
ow
er
(d
)
3
V
dc
vol
t
a
g
e
(
e
)
M
L
I out
p
u
t
ac
volta
ge
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
.
(
a
)
3-pha
se
v
o
lta
ges
a
t
P
CC,
(
b
) 3-pha
se c
urre
nt
s
a
t
PC
C
,
(c
)
Gen
e
r
at
o
r
a
ct
i
v
e po
we
r, (d
)
3
V
dc
vol
tage
,
(e)
MLI out
pu
t a
c
vo
lta
ge
4.
CONCL
U
S
IONS
The
h
ybri
d
m
ult
i
-le
v
e
l
i
nve
rter
h
as
b
e
e
n
d
e
si
gne
d
a
n
d
i
n
cor
p
o
r
a
te
d
in
t
he
D
F
I
G
ins
t
ead
o
f
t
h
e
con
v
e
n
t
i
ona
l
c
o
n
v
er
t
e
r
a
t
t
he
g
ri
d
s
i
de.
Th
i
s
D
F
I
G
int
e
grated
M
LI
h
a
s
b
een
d
o
n
e
for
t
h
e
firs
t
ti
m
e
.
The
des
i
g
n
e
d
M
LI
h
as
b
e
e
n
n
i
n
e
leve
ls
t
ha
t
fa
c
i
l
i
ta
te
d
t
h
e
D
F
IG
p
er
for
m
a
n
ce
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
s
i
n
g
l
e
-
po
le
a
ut
ore
c
l
o
sure
opera
tio
n.
T
he
a
rcin
g
fa
ul
t
w
a
s
mode
le
d
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
K
i
z
ilca
y
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
ar
c
m
odel.
T
h
i
s
fa
ult
w
a
s
ha
ppe
n
e
d
in
the
do
u
b
le
-circ
u
it
transm
iss
i
on
s
y
stem
s.
T
he
p
r
o
vide
d
r
e
su
lt
s
c
onfir
m
ed
t
hat
the
DFIG
i
n
t
e
g
rated
MLI
enha
nc
e
d
t
h
e
sin
gle
-
p
o
le a
u
t
o
r
eclos
ure
ride
t
hr
o
ugh
ca
pa
bi
lit
y.
ACKNOW
LEDG
E
MEN
T
S
Th
is
w
or
k
w
a
s
su
p
por
ted
b
y
t
he
r
ese
a
rc
h
pro
j
ec
t
gr
an
t
numbe
r
5
5
82-438-1,
S
c
ientif
i
c
R
esearch
De
an
sh
ip
, Ta
i
f
Un
i
v
e
rsity
, KSA
.
REFE
RENCES
[1]
T.
B
u
r
to
n
,
D
.
Sh
arpe,
N
.
J
en
ki
ns
a
nd
E
.
Bo
ss
anyi
,
“W
ind
En
ergy
Han
dbo
ok
.
2
nd
Editi
on
”,
J
o
hn
Wiley
&
S
ons
,
Un
it
ed
K
in
gdo
m,
2
011
.
[2]
G
.
A
b
a
d
,
J
.
L
o
p
e
z
,
M
.
A
.
R
o
d
r
i
g
u
e
z
,
L
.
M
a
r
r
o
y
o
a
n
d
G
.
I
w
a
n
s
k
i
,
“D
oub
ly
F
ed
I
nd
uct
i
o
n
M
ach
in
e”
,
J
ohn
W
iley
&
So
ns,
Ho
bo
ke
n
,
Ne
w
Je
r
se
y,
20
1
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[3]
S
.
M
.
M
u
yeen,
J.
T
am
ura,
T
.
M
u
rat
a
,
“
S
tabili
ty
A
ug
men
t
atio
n
o
f
a
Gr
id
-c
on
ne
c
t
e
d
W
in
d
Fa
rm”
,
Sp
rin
g
er
-Ver
la
g
,
Lo
nd
on,
2
0
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9
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J
.
F
.
M
a
n
w
e
l
l
,
J
.
G
.
M
c
G
o
w
a
n
a
n
d
A
.
L
.
R
o
g
e
r
s
,
“
W
i
n
d
E
n
e
r
g
y
E
x
p
l
a
in
ed
t
h
e
ory,
d
esi
gn,
a
n
d
a
pp
li
cati
on”,
J
ohn
Wiley
& S
o
n
s
,
Eng
l
an
d,
200
2
.
[5]
M
.
T
sili
and
S
.
P
apat
hanas
s
i
o
u
,
“
A
re
v
i
ew
o
f
g
r
id
c
od
e
tech
ni
ca
l
requirements
f
or
w
ind
f
a
rms
,
”
IET Re
ne
wa
ble
Power Generation
,
vol.
3
,
n
o
.
3,
pp.
3
0
8
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2
,
S
ep.
200
9.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st, Vol. 10,
N
o.
1, Mar
c
h 2
0
1
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45
4 –
46
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[6]
M
.
M
o
h
s
e
n
ia
,
S
.
M
.
I
s
la
m,
“
R
e
vi
e
w
o
f
in
te
r
n
a
t
i
o
na
l
gr
id
c
od
e
s
f
or
w
ind
power
i
n
tegratio
n
:
D
iv
e
r
sity
,
tech
nol
og
y
and
a
case
fo
r
gl
ob
al
s
tan
d
ard,
"
Renewa
ble an
d
S
u
st
a
i
na
bl
e
En
ergy Reviews
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
n
o.
6
,
pp
.
38
76
-38
9
0
,
Aug
. 20
1
2
.
[7]
M
.
A
l
t
i
n
,
O
.
G
o
k
s
u
,
R
.
T
e
o
d
o
r
e
s
c
u
,
P
.
R
o
d
r
i
g
u
e
z
,
B
.
-
B
.
J
e
n
s
e
n
a
n
d
L
.
Hell
e,
“
Ov
erview
o
f
recent
g
r
id
c
odes
for
wi
nd
power
i
n
t
egrat
i
on
,
”
12
th
Inter
natio
nal
Co
n
f
eren
ce on
O
p
t
i
mi
zati
on
o
f
E
l
ectrica
l
and Electron
i
c Equ
i
pmen
t
(OPTIM
), Basov
, pp
. 1
15
2
-
11
60
,
Ma
y 20
1
0
.
[8]
F
.
I
o
v
,
A
.
H
ans
e
n
,
P
.
S
o
erensen
an
d
N.
C
ut
u
l
u
l
is,
“M
app
i
n
g
o
f
g
ri
d
f
a
u
l
t
s
a
nd
g
rid
cod
e
s,”
Tech
ni
cal
r
ep
ort
o
f
t
h
e
research
p
ro
ject ‘G
r
id
f
au
l
t
an
d
desi
g
n
basis f
o
r win
d
t
urb
i
ne’
, RIS
O Nat
i
on
al Labo
r
at
o
r
y
,
Den
mark
, 20
0
7
.
[9]
J.
S
ch
l
a
bb
ach,
“
L
ow
v
oltag
e
f
au
lt
rid
e
t
hro
ugh
cri
t
eri
a
f
o
r
g
ri
d
connect
ion
of
w
ind
turbine
generat
o
rs,
”
5
th
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
er
e
n
ce on
Eu
r
o
pea
n
E
l
ectricity M
a
r
ket
(
E
EM
)
, L
i
s
bo
a,
pp
. 1
–
4
, 2
8-3
0
M
ay
20
0
8
.
[10]
N.
I
.
El
kal
a
sh
y,
H
.
A
.
D
arw
i
sh,
A.-M.
I.
T
aal
ab,
M
.
A
.
Izzul
a
ra
b
“
A
n
ad
apti
ve
s
ing
l
e
po
le
a
ut
ore
c
lo
su
re
b
ased
o
n
zero s
e
qu
enc
e
p
ower”
E
l
ect
r
i
c p
o
wer s
y
stems
r
e
s
e
a
r
ch
,
v
o
l
.
77,
no.
5
,
p
p
.
438
-446,
A
pril
2
0
0
7
.
[11]
T.
A
.
Kawady
,
N.
I
.
Elkalashy
,
A
.
El
sayed
and
A
.
-M.
I.
T
aalab
“
A
r
cin
g
F
ault
Identif
i
cati
on
U
s
in
g
Com
b
in
e
d
Gab
o
r
Tran
sf
orm
-
N
e
ural
N
etwork
f
o
r
T
rans
missio
n
Lines
”
In
terna
t
i
onal Jo
urn
a
l of
E
l
ectri
cal P
o
wer a
n
d
E
n
er
gy
Sys
t
ems
,
Vo
l
.
61
, pp
. 2
48
-2
58
, O
ct
. 2
01
4
.
[12]
M
.
J
a
n
n
a
t
i
,
B
.
V
a
h
i
d
i
,
S
.
H
.
H
o
s
s
e
i
n
i
a
n
,
S
.
M
.
A
h
a
d
i
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
a
p
p
roach
t
o
adap
ti
ve
s
i
n
g
l
e-p
h
ase
au
to
-reclos
in
g
sch
e
m
e
f
or
E
H
V
t
rans
mis
s
i
on
li
n
e
s
”
In
tern
at
io
nal
Jour
na
l
of
Electrica
l
Power
a
n
d
E
n
erg
y
S
y
st
ems
,
vo
l
.
3
3
,
n
o.
3
,
pp
.
6
39–
64
6,
M
a
r
ch
2
0
1
1
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[13]
F
.
D
.
Z
a
h
l
ay
a
nd
K
.
S
.
R
am
a
Ra
o
“
N
e
u
ro-P
r
o
ny
and
Tag
u
c
hi
's
M
eth
od
o
l
ogy-Based
Ad
apt
i
v
e
A
u
t
o
r
e
c
l
o
s
u
re
S
c
hem
e
f
or
E
l
ectric
T
r
ansmission
S
y
stems
”
IEEE
T
r
an
sactio
n
s
on P
o
wer D
e
liver
y
,
vo
l.
27,
no.
2
,
p
p
.
5
7
5
–
582,
Ap
ril
20
12.
[14]
M
.
K
ho
dadad
i
,
M
.
R
.
N
oori,
S
.
M
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S
hah
r
tash,
“
A
N
on
com
m
unicat
ion
A
dap
t
iv
e
S
i
ngle-P
o
l
e
A
u
t
oreclo
s
u
r
e
S
c
he
m
e
Based
on
t
h
e
A
C
USUM
A
lgorit
hm
”
IEEE Tr
a
n
s
a
ct
io
n
s
o
n
P
o
wer D
e
li
very
,
vol.
28,
n
o
.
4
,
pp.
2
52
6
-
2
533
,
Oc
t.
2
01
3.
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M.
N
agpal,
S
.-H
.
M
anuel,
B
.
E.
B
el
l,
R
.
P.
B
arone,
Ch.
Henville
,
D.
G
h
a
ng
ass,
"
F
i
eld
V
e
rif
i
cati
o
n
o
f
S
econd
ary
Arc
Ex
tinc
tion
L
o
gic
"
,
IEEE Transa
c
ti
ons o
n
P
o
wer
Delivery
,
vol.
31,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
186
4-1
872
,
A
ug.
20
1
6
.
[16]
D.
L
i
n
,
H.
W
an
g
,
D
.
Lin,
B
.
He,
"
A
n
Ad
apti
ve
R
eclo
s
ure
S
c
he
m
e
f
or
P
arallel
T
r
ans
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
L
ines
w
i
t
h
S
h
un
t
Reacto
r
s
"
,
IEEE Transactions
on Power
De
li
very
,
vo
l
.
30
,
no
. 6
,
p
p
. 2
58
1-2
5
8
9
, De
c
.
2
0
1
5
.
[17]
A
.
R
.
Ad
ly
,
R
.
A
.
E
l
-
S
e
h
i
e
my
,
A.
Y
.
Ab
d
e
l
a
z
i
z
,
S
.
A.
K
o
t
b
“
A
n
A
cc
u
r
ate
Tech
ni
que
f
o
r
D
is
crim
in
a
t
i
o
n
betw
een
Tran
sien
t
and
Perman
ent
F
a
u
lts
i
n
Transmis
s
i
o
n
N
etwo
rks
”
Elect
ri
c P
o
wer
C
o
mponents
and Syst
ems
,
vol.
45,
no
.
4
,
pp
.
3
6
6
–381,
2
0
1
7
.
[18]
I.
C
olak,
E.
K
abal
ci,
and
R.
B
ayi
n
dir
“R
evie
w
of
m
u
ltilevel
vol
tag
e
s
ou
rce
in
vert
er
t
opo
logi
es
a
nd
con
t
ro
l
schem
e
s
,
”
E
n
ergy Co
nvers
i
o
n
a
n
d
M
a
nag
ement
2
0
1
1
, 52
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p.
11
1
4-1
1
2
8
, 2
01
1.
[19]
S
.
D
eb
nat
h
,
J
.
Q
i
n
,
B.
B
ahrani,
M
.
S
aeedi
f
ard,
a
n
d
P
.
Barb
osa,
“
O
perat
i
o
n
,
Co
nt
rol,
a
nd
A
pp
li
cati
ons
o
f
the
Modular
M
u
l
tilevel
Co
nverter:
A
R
eview,”
IEEE T
r
ansa
c
tio
ns
on
Po
wer E
l
ect
ronics
,
V
o
l.
30,
N
o.
1
,
pp
.
3
7
–
53
,
2
015.
[20]
Ay
on
g
Hi
end
r
o,
“
M
u
ltipl
e
S
witch
i
n
g
P
att
e
rns
for
S
H
E
P
WM
I
nverter
s
Us
ing
Diff
erent
i
a
l
E
volu
t
i
on
A
l
g
o
rith
m
s
,”
I
n
te
r
n
at
io
na
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l of Po
wer
E
l
ectr
onics an
d
D
r
i
ve System (
I
JPED
S
)
,
Vo
l
.
1
,
N
o
.
2,
94
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10
3
, Decem
ber 2
0
1
1
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S
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O
u
n
i,
M
.
R.
Z
ol
ghad
r
i,
M
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K
hod
aban
deh
,
M
.
S
h
ahb
a
zi
,
J.
R
o
d
rí
g
u
ez,
H
.
Oraee,
P
.
Lezan
a
,
a
n
d
A
.
U
.
S
c
hm
eisser,
“
Im
pro
v
em
ent
of
P
o
s
t
-
F
a
ult
P
e
rf
orman
ce
o
f
a
C
ascad
e
d
H
-
b
r
id
ge
M
ultil
e
vel
In
verter,
”
IEE
E
Tran
sac
t
io
ns
on
Ind
u
str
i
a
l
Ele
c
tr
on
ic
s
,
Vo
l
.
6
4,
N
o
.
4
,
pp:
2
77
9
-
278
8,
2
0
1
7
.
[22]
W
a
hidah
A
bd
Hal
i
m
,
T
eng
k
u
No
or Arian
a
Ten
g
k
u
A
zam
,
K
o
m
a
th
i Appl
as
am
y,
A
uzan
i J
i
d
i
n,
“
Select
ive H
a
rm
onic
Eliminati
o
n
Based on New
t
on-ra
phs
on Method
f
o
r
C
a
scaded
H
-
br
idge Mul
tilevel
Invert
e
r
,”
I
n
te
r
n
a
t
io
na
l J
o
u
r
n
a
l
of
Po
wer Elect
r
o
n
i
cs
an
d
D
r
i
ve Sys
t
em
(
I
JPED
S
)
, Vo
l
.
8,
No
.
3
, 1
1
9
3
-
12
02
, Sep
t
e
mbe
r
2
01
7
.
[23]
S
.
M
ek
hil
e
f,
M
.
N.
A
bd
u
l
K
ad
ir,
and
Z.
S
alam,
"D
igital
Con
t
rol
of
T
hree
Phase
Three-Stage
H
y
brid
M
u
ltilevel
Inverter,"
IEEE T
r
an
sa
ctio
ns
on
Ind
u
s
t
rial
Info
rma
t
i
c
s
,
vol.
9
,
pp.
719
-72
7
,
2013.
[24]
S
.
M
ekh
i
le
f
and
M.
N
.
A
.
K
ad
ir,
"No
v
el
V
ecto
r
C
o
n
tro
l
M
ethod
f
o
r
T
h
ree-St
age
Hybrid
C
ascaded
M
ultilevel
Inverter,"
IEEE T
r
an
sa
ctio
ns
on
Ind
u
s
t
rial E
l
ectron
i
cs
,
v
o
l.
58,
pp.
133
9-1
3
4
9
,
201
1.
[25]
Mahrous
Ahm
e
d,
E
s
s
am
H
end
a
w
i
,
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
K
.
M
etwaly
,"
S
i
ngl
e
P
h
ase
As
y
m
m
e
trical
C
asca
d
e
d
M
L
I
w
i
t
h
Ex
trem
e
Output
V
oltage
L
evels
to
S
w
i
t
c
h
Rati
o
",
Inter
nati
o
n
a
l J
o
ur
na
l o
f
Power Electro
ni
c
s
an
d
Dr
ive Sys
t
em
s
(I
J
P
E
D
S
)
,
V
ol.
9
N
o
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2
,
pp
7
12-721
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201
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[26]
M
.
K
i
z
il
c
a
y
a
nd
T
.
P
n
io
k
,
“
D
i
gi
ta
l
S
i
mu
la
t
i
o
n
o
f
F
a
ul
t
Ar
c
s
i
n
P
o
we
r
sy
s
t
e
m
s
,
”
E
u
r
ope Tra
n
s
a
ction
on
Electrica
l
Power Sys
t
em
,
ETEP
, vol
.
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
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55-59,
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./Feb. 1991
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[27]
H.
D
arw
i
s
h
a
nd
N
.
Elk
alash
y
“
U
n
ivers
a
l
Arc
Re
presen
tat
i
on
U
sing
E
M
T
P
,
”
IEEE T
r
an
s.
on
P
o
wer
D
e
liver
y
,
Vo
l
.
2
,
n
o.
2
, p
p 7
7
4
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77
9, Apr
i
l
2
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5
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[28]
N.
W
.
M
i
ll
er;
J
.
J
.
S
a
nchez-G
a
s
ca; W
.
W
.
P
rice;
R.
W
.
D
e
l
m
e
rico
,
“
Dy
nam
i
c
m
o
deling
of
G
E
1.
5
and
3.
6
M
W
wi
nd
t
u
r
b
i
ne-gen
erato
r
s f
o
r s
t
abilit
y
s
i
m
ulatio
ns,”
IEEE Power
En
gi
neer
ing S
o
ci
e
t
y G
e
nera
l M
eeti
n
g
(
I
E
E
E
C
a
t
.
No
.
0
3
C
H37
4
9
1
),
V
ol.
3
,
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p.
1977
–
1
9
8
3
,
2
0
0
3
.
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