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.
3
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Sep
tem
b
er
202
1
,
p
p
.
1
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~
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1
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SS
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2088
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8694
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DOI
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0
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1853
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y
.
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w
e
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ss
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rs
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a
s
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g
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e
ra
l
sa
f
e
t
y
p
ro
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late
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h
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m
e
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in
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li
n
k
e
d
w
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th
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g
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a
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v
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h
e
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st
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o
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v
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in
d
u
c
tan
c
e
is
re
a
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n
g
e
d
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n
d
d
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id
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d
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e
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e
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m
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d
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ti
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a
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th
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p
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rter.
K
ey
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s
:
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id
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t
m
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R
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T
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f
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ter
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o
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c
c
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ss
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n
d
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e
CC B
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SA
li
c
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n
se
.
C
o
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r
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s
p
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ing
A
uth
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r
:
E
s
s
a
m
Hen
d
a
w
i
Dep
ar
te
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
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E
n
g
in
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r
in
g
T
aif
Un
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s
it
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aif
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Kin
g
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Sau
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A
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ab
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a
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m
ail: e
s
s
a
m
@
tu
.
ed
u
.
s
a
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
So
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
P
V)
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
h
av
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g
ain
ed
g
r
ea
t
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
in
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
.
I
t
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
th
a
t
ca
n
m
ee
t
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
o
f
elec
t
r
ical
en
er
g
y
i
n
t
h
e
f
u
tu
r
e.
P
V
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ca
n
also
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
f
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
p
o
llu
tio
n
[
1
]
.
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
s
co
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ld
d
eliv
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er
g
y
to
elec
tr
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d
o
r
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m
s
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a
v
e
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ev
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ad
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alo
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it
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t
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n
y
s
to
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ag
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r
eq
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m
en
t
[
2
]
.
I
n
P
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r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
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tr
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r
m
er
is
e
m
p
lo
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ed
t
o
ac
h
iev
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s
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al
tar
g
ets
;
(
1
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r
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g
t
h
e
P
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p
an
els
v
o
lta
g
e
to
s
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e
lev
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at
m
ee
t
r
eq
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ir
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m
e
n
ts
o
f
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
to
th
e
g
r
id
,
(
2
)
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
th
e
in
j
ec
tio
n
o
f
DC
c
u
r
r
en
ts
i
n
to
th
e
g
r
id
an
d
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
it
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
g
r
id
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
a
n
d
(
3
)
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
g
alv
a
n
ic
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s
o
latio
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b
et
w
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n
t
h
e
P
V
p
an
els
an
d
th
e
g
r
id
th
u
s
ac
h
ie
v
in
g
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
a
f
et
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wh
er
e
it
p
r
ev
en
t
s
t
h
e
leak
ag
e
c
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r
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en
t
w
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ca
n
f
lo
w
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n
th
e
p
ar
asit
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ca
p
ac
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ce
b
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w
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n
th
e
f
r
a
m
e
o
f
P
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p
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els
an
d
g
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d
.
On
th
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,
th
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
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r
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n
i
n
cr
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i
n
s
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ze
,
w
ei
g
h
t
an
d
co
s
t
o
f
P
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s
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s
te
m
s
an
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s
o
th
e
ef
f
icien
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y
i
s
d
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r
ea
s
ed
[
3
]
-
[
5
]
.
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
les
s
in
v
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ter
s
o
v
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co
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t
h
e
a
f
o
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e
m
e
n
tio
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ed
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
.
Se
v
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s
in
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le
p
h
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a
n
d
th
r
ee
p
h
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to
p
o
lo
g
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f
tr
a
n
s
f
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r
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i
n
v
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ter
s
ar
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p
r
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ted
in
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2088
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8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
202
1
:
185
3
–
1
8
6
1
1854
liter
atu
r
e
[
6
]
-
[
1
3
]
.
Sin
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p
h
a
s
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tr
an
s
f
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m
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s
s
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l
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p
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s
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[
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4
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.
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all
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g
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p
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s
.
T
h
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x
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e
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t
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s
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b
s
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ed
[
1
5
]
-
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
p
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d
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ize
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p
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2
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tr
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d
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ce
s
t
h
e
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n
iq
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es
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g
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m
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o
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it
s
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ted
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te
m
an
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tr
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L
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NIM
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els
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h
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Ger
m
a
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ta
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VDE
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s
h
o
w
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t
h
e
r
eq
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s
[
2
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]
.
W
ith
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to
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ase
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ased
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t t
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2
.
1
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C
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d
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ce
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g
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o
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n
d
le
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r
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t.
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h
e
m
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t
p
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lar
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es
ar
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ea
r
-
s
t
ate
P
W
M
(
NSP
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[
2
2
]
,
r
e
m
o
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s
ta
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R
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[
2
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an
d
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A
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[
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Un
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ty
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Fig
u
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an
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Fig
u
r
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1
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b
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g
iv
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Vo
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2
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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[
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d
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
g
al
v
a
n
ic
i
s
o
latio
n
.
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
3
FB
-
S
C
a
n
d
3
x
NP
C
g
r
ea
tl
y
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
l
ea
k
ag
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
b
elo
w
t
h
e
li
m
it
ed
v
ales.
T
h
e
m
a
i
n
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
is
th
e
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
in
th
e
n
e
u
tr
al
li
n
e
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
r
es
u
lt
in
lea
k
ag
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
h
i
g
h
er
th
an
t
h
e
allo
w
ed
lev
el
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
o
w
er
s
w
i
tch
e
s
an
d
d
io
d
e
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
ca
s
e
o
f
3
x
NP
C
in
v
er
ter
w
h
ic
h
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
lo
s
s
es
,
s
y
s
te
m
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
an
d
co
s
t.
R
ec
en
t
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
s
u
c
h
as
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
VS
I
w
it
h
4
-
le
g
s
,
H8
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
f
l
y
in
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
-
les
s
i
n
v
er
ter
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
[
2
6
]
-
[
2
8
]
an
d
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
ll
y
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
lea
k
a
g
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
t
h
e
th
r
e
e
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
h
a
v
e
m
a
n
y
s
e
m
i
co
n
d
u
cto
r
ele
m
e
n
t
s
w
h
ic
h
also
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
lo
s
s
es,
s
y
s
te
m
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
a
n
d
co
s
t.
3.
H
7
O
P
E
RATI
O
N
AND
I
T
S M
O
DULAT
I
O
N
T
E
CH
NI
Q
UE
H7
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
le
s
s
i
n
v
er
ter
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
a
v
er
y
s
u
itab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
leak
ag
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
w
h
i
le
ad
d
in
g
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
s
w
itc
h
to
t
h
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
th
r
ee
p
h
a
s
e
b
r
id
g
e
i
n
v
er
ter
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
H7
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
less
in
v
er
ter
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
ex
ten
s
io
n
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
w
e
ll
-
k
n
o
wn
H5
s
in
g
le
p
h
ase
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
les
s
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
ese
n
ts
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
an
d
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
H7
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
-
les
s
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
b
asic
id
ea
o
f
H7
in
v
er
te
r
is
to
d
is
co
n
n
ec
t
th
e
P
V
p
an
els
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
r
id
d
u
r
in
g
f
r
e
e
w
h
ee
li
n
g
p
er
io
d
s
an
d
as
a
r
esu
lt
th
er
e
w
il
l
b
e
n
o
p
ath
f
o
r
leak
a
g
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t.
T
h
e
s
ev
e
n
t
h
s
w
itc
h
S
7
co
n
d
u
cts
d
u
r
in
g
ac
tiv
e
m
o
d
es
(
v
ec
to
r
s
V1
to
V6
)
an
d
it
i
s
f
o
r
ce
d
to
'
o
f
f
'
s
t
ate
d
u
r
in
g
f
r
ee
w
h
ee
li
n
g
p
er
io
d
s
(
v
ec
to
r
s
V
0
an
d
V
7
).
A
s
i
m
p
li
f
ied
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
c
ir
cu
it
o
f
H7
in
v
er
ter
w
it
h
th
e
g
r
id
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
F
ig
u
r
e
3
in
clu
d
i
n
g
L
C
f
i
lter
,
p
ar
asit
ic
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
L
g
.
R
ef
er
r
i
n
g
to
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
an
d
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
ac
ti
v
e
m
o
d
e
V
2
(
1
1
0
)
,
th
e
s
w
i
tch
e
s
S
1
,
S
3
a
n
d
S
2
co
n
d
u
ct
to
g
eth
er
.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
p
h
ase
v
o
ltag
es a
n
d
co
m
m
o
n
m
o
d
e
v
o
l
tag
e
b
ec
o
m
es:
(
1
)
(
2
)
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
ter
m
i
n
al
v
o
ltag
e
s
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t to
th
e
n
eg
at
iv
e
te
r
m
in
a
l o
f
th
e
DC
li
n
k
v
o
lta
g
e
ar
e:
(
3
)
(
4
)
T
h
e
co
m
m
o
n
m
o
d
e
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
th
is
ca
s
e
is
:
(
5
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
202
1
:
185
3
–
1
8
6
1
1856
T
h
e
s
a
m
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
f
o
r
th
e
o
t
h
e
r
f
iv
e
ac
ti
v
e
v
ec
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
ab
le
2
.
W
h
en
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
t
h
e
ze
r
o
v
ec
to
r
V
7
,
f
r
ee
w
h
ee
li
n
g
o
p
er
atio
n
o
cc
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
p
ath
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
s
w
i
tch
es
a
n
d
t
w
o
an
t
ip
ar
allel
d
io
d
es
o
f
th
e
o
t
h
er
t
w
o
s
w
itc
h
e
s
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
le
v
el
s
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
.
Du
r
i
n
g
t
h
i
s
f
r
ee
w
h
ee
li
n
g
p
er
io
d
:
(
6
)
an
d
(
7
)
W
h
en
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
ze
r
o
v
ec
to
r
V
0
,
f
r
ee
w
h
ee
li
n
g
o
p
er
atio
n
o
cc
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
p
ass
es
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
w
o
s
w
itc
h
es
o
f
th
e
lo
w
er
s
w
itc
h
e
s
an
d
o
n
e
a
n
tip
ar
allel
d
io
d
e
o
f
th
e
t
h
ir
d
s
w
itc
h
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
le
v
els
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
.
Du
r
in
g
t
h
is
f
r
ee
w
h
ee
lin
g
p
er
io
d
:
(
8
)
an
d
(
9
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
H7
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
le
s
s
i
n
v
er
ter
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Si
m
p
li
f
ied
eq
u
i
v
alen
t c
ir
cu
it o
f
H7
in
v
er
ter
w
it
h
t
h
e
g
r
id
4.
O
VE
RA
L
L
S
YST
E
M
AND
CO
NT
RO
L
L
E
RS
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
is
p
r
es
en
ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
m
a
in
p
ar
t,
H7
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
less
i
n
v
e
r
ter
,
is
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
m
en
t
io
n
ed
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
cl
u
d
es
DC
-
DC
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
er
ter
,
L
C
f
ilter
,
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
er
an
d
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
s
d
escr
ib
e
ea
ch
o
f
th
o
s
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
Me
t
h
o
d
o
f
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
P
V
p
an
els,
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
an
d
H7
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
-
les
s
i
n
v
e
r
ter
s
w
itc
h
es
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
.
4
.
1
.
DC
-
DC
bo
o
s
t
co
nv
er
t
er
a
nd
co
ntr
o
ller
T
h
e
w
el
l
-
k
n
o
w
n
DC
-
DC
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
i
s
u
til
ized
to
r
ais
e
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
P
V
p
a
n
els
to
m
ee
t
t
h
e
g
r
id
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
s
w
itc
h
o
f
th
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
i
s
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
a
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
er
to
ex
tr
ac
t
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
th
e
P
V
p
an
el
s
.
T
h
e
in
d
u
cto
r
o
f
th
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
s
er
ie
s
w
it
h
th
e
P
V
p
an
els
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
f
w
h
ic
h
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
h
y
s
ter
esis
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
ller
in
s
u
c
h
a
w
a
y
th
at
th
e
P
V
p
an
els
'
c
u
r
r
en
t
al
w
a
y
s
f
o
llo
w
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
a
s
s
o
c
iated
to
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
at
a
n
y
le
v
el
o
f
s
u
n
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
le
v
el.
A
lo
o
k
-
u
p
tab
le
th
at
r
elate
s
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
w
i
th
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t
is
f
o
r
m
ed
at
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ir
r
ad
ian
c
e
lev
el
an
d
is
th
e
n
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
to
s
et
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
r
ef
er
en
ce
cu
r
r
en
t
f
o
r
th
e
h
y
s
ter
esi
s
cu
r
r
en
t c
o
n
tr
o
ller
.
4
.
2
.
B
o
o
s
t
co
nv
er
t
er
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
c
o
nt
ro
ller
T
h
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
(
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
to
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
)
m
u
s
t
b
e
m
ai
n
tai
n
e
d
co
n
s
tan
t
(
6
5
0
V)
in
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
is
is
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
a
v
o
lta
g
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
h
ic
h
is
p
r
esen
te
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
co
m
b
in
e
s
th
e
s
i
m
p
lic
it
y
o
f
clas
s
ical
co
n
tr
o
l
ler
an
d
b
e
h
av
e
s
li
k
e
in
te
lli
g
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
ller
at
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
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8
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H7
th
r
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p
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m
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ar
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ce
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5
0
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it
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t
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u
a
n
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p
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en
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co
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I
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8
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I
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Dr
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Vo
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12
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Sep
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3
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1858
5.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
T
h
e
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m
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ev
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g
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s
y
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te
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o
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d
s
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m
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latio
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r
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u
r
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6
s
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o
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an
s
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o
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b
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cu
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h
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h
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ter
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p
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to
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V
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ased
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t th
an
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u
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7
p
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as
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to
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t
h
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ter
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t
ex
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g
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e,
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t
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u
r
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9
g
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s
t
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th
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n
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m
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m
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ted
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f
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u
r
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(
a)
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n
v
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3
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n
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ter
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
in
v
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ter
o
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t
p
u
t
p
o
w
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ac
k
s
t
h
e
MP
P
p
o
w
er
in
t
h
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t
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s
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h
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e
x
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ted
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tate
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r
o
r
w
h
ich
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y
s
te
m
lo
s
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s
.
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n
th
e
H7
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n
tr
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ller
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s
e,
th
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s
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s
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t
h
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ter
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s
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s
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a
ll
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c
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ith
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ase
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u
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n
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I
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H7
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n
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r
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ter fo
r
p
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o
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s
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1859
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u
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h
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iatio
n
s
o
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o
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en
t
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it
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h
e
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u
n
ir
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ad
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le
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el
f
o
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n
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u
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e
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h
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r
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en
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y
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m
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o
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e
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n
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en
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n
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n
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ter
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@
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o
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n
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Fig
u
r
e
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h
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MPP
p
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er
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t
p
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t p
o
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er
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h
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n
s
i
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ir
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n
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ter
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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:
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I
n
t J
P
o
w
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lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
202
1
:
185
3
–
1
8
6
1
1860
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
v
ar
iatio
n
s
w
it
h
v
ar
iatio
n
s
i
n
s
u
n
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
le
v
el
f
o
r
th
e
H7
in
v
er
ter
an
d
t
h
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
3
-
i
n
v
er
ter
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
ar
ticle
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
H7
co
n
tr
o
ller
to
a
P
V
p
o
w
er
ed
g
r
i
d
-
tied
3
-
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
les
s
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ted
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
le
s
s
i
n
v
er
ter
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
g
r
id
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
te
r
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
is
r
ea
r
r
a
n
g
ed
a
n
d
d
iv
id
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
ea
r
t
h
le
ak
ag
e
cu
r
r
en
t o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
M
A
T
L
A
B
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
H7
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
f
o
r
a
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
u
s
es
t
h
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
3
-
in
v
er
ter
w
er
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t.
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
e
s
u
l
ts
; i)
T
h
e
H7
in
v
e
r
ter
h
as b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
v
er
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
3
-
in
v
er
ter
f
o
r
all
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
,
ii)
th
e
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
g
r
i
d
cu
r
r
en
ts
,
w
h
en
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
th
e
t
w
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
,
ar
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
a
n
d
in
p
h
a
s
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
u
t
ilit
y
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e
t
h
u
s
u
n
it
y
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
is
ac
h
ie
v
ed
,
an
d
iii)
th
e
T
HD
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
cu
r
r
e
n
t
w
it
h
t
h
e
H7
in
v
er
ter
is
2
.
4
3
%
an
d
th
a
t
w
it
h
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
3
-
i
n
v
er
ter
is
2
.
4
5
%.
T
h
e
leak
ag
e
cu
r
r
en
t
w
i
th
th
e
H7
in
v
er
ter
c
ase
is
le
s
s
th
a
n
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
w
it
h
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
a
l
3
-
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
u
s
es H7
i
n
v
er
t
er
is
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
a
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
u
s
e
s
a
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
3
-
in
v
er
ter
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
F
.
Blaa
b
jerg
,
R.
T
e
o
d
o
re
sc
u
,
M
.
L
ise
rr
e
a
n
d
A
.
V
.
T
i
m
b
u
s,
“
Ov
e
rv
ie
w
o
f
c
o
n
tro
l
a
n
d
g
rid
sy
n
c
h
ro
n
iza
ti
o
n
f
o
r
d
istri
b
u
ted
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
sy
st
e
m
s,
”
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
stri
a
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
5
3
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
3
9
8
-
1
4
0
9
,
Oc
t.
2
0
0
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
IE.
2
0
0
6
.
8
8
1
9
9
7
.
[2
]
S
.
B.
Kja
e
r,
J.
K.
P
e
d
e
rse
n
a
n
d
F
.
Blaa
b
jerg
,
“
A
re
v
ie
w
o
f
sin
g
le
-
p
h
a
se
g
rid
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
in
v
e
rters
f
o
r
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
m
o
d
u
les
,
”
in
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stry
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
4
1
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
2
9
2
-
1
3
0
6
,
S
e
p
t.
-
O
c
t.
2
0
0
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
IA
.
2
0
0
5
.
8
5
3
3
7
1
.
[3
]
D.
M
e
n
e
se
s,
F
.
Blaa
b
jerg
,
O.
Ga
rc
´
ıa
a
n
d
J.
A
.
Co
b
o
s,
“
Re
v
ie
w
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
ste
p
-
u
p
tr
a
n
sf
o
r
m
e
rles
s
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
A
C
-
m
o
d
u
le
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
3
[4
]
G
.
Rizz
o
li
,
M
.
M
e
n
g
o
n
i,
L
.
Zarri
,
A
.
T
a
n
i,
G
.
S
e
rra
,
a
n
d
D.
Ca
sa
d
e
i,
“
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
sin
g
le
-
p
h
a
se
H4
,
H
5
,
H
6
in
v
e
rters
f
o
r
tran
sf
o
r
m
e
rles
s
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
IECON
2
0
1
6
-
4
2
n
d
A
n
n
u
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
IEE
E
In
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
S
o
c
iety
,
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
3
0
3
8
-
3
0
4
5
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/I
ECON.2
0
1
6
.
7
7
9
2
9
8
4
.
[5
]
L
.
A
.
Ku
m
a
r,
V
.
I
n
d
ra
g
a
n
d
h
i
,
a
n
d
N.
S
.
Ku
m
a
r,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
sin
g
le
-
p
h
a
se
i
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
o
u
t
tran
sf
o
r
m
e
r
f
o
r
P
V
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
IET
Ren
e
wa
b
le
P
o
we
r
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
vol
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
5
4
7
-
5
5
4
,
M
a
r
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
4
9
/
iet
-
rp
g
.
2
0
1
7
.
0
2
5
7
.
[6
]
E
.
He
n
d
a
w
i,
“
A
h
ig
h
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
g
rid
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
P
V
sy
ste
m
b
a
se
d
o
n
HERIC
tran
sf
o
r
m
e
rl
e
ss
in
v
e
rter,
”
In
d
o
n
e
s
ia
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
0
2
-
6
1
2
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
jee
c
s.v
2
0
.
i
2
.
p
p
6
0
2
-
612
.
[7
]
M
.
N.
H.
K
h
a
n
,
M
.
F
o
ro
u
z
e
sh
,
Y.
P
.
S
iw
a
k
o
ti
,
L
.
L
i,
T
.
Ke
re
k
e
s
,
a
n
d
F
.
Blaa
b
jerg
,
“
A
Clas
si
f
ica
t
io
n
o
f
sin
g
le
-
p
h
a
se
tran
sf
o
rm
e
rles
s
in
v
e
rter
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
2
0
1
8
I
EE
E
Reg
i
o
n
T
e
n
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
(
T
e
n
sy
mp
)
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
7
4
-
1
7
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
ENCON
S
p
rin
g
.
2
0
1
8
.
8
6
9
2
0
1
3
.
[8
]
S
u
ro
s
o
,
a
n
d
H.
S
isw
a
n
to
ro
,
“
A
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
tran
sf
o
r
m
e
r
-
le
ss
g
rid
ti
e
d
P
V
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
d
io
d
e
c
la
m
p
e
d
a
n
d
n
e
u
tral
p
o
in
t
sh
o
rt
e
d
in
v
e
rters
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m
(
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
no
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
0
2
-
7
1
0
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
j
p
e
d
s.v
1
1
.
i
2
.
p
p
7
0
2
-
7
1
0
.
[9
]
E
.
He
n
d
a
w
i
a
n
d
S
.
Zai
d
,
“
G
rid
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
P
V
sy
ste
m
w
it
h
m
a
x
i
m
u
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9
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4
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[2
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M.
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.
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