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Copy
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201
9
Ins
t
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.
R
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.
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A
C t
o
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c
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v
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[
1
7
]
f
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D
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m
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V
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f
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[
1
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s
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p
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l
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A s
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p
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bu
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k c
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nv
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[
19
-
2
0
]
a
t
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1 s
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onve
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uk c
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out
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i
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e
1.
Bl
o
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k
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yb
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w
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s
ha
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ge
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o
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gh
m
a
g
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ude
o
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p
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v
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t
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ge
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c
a
n be
obt
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g
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m
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s
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f
r
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m
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r
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3 us
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n
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uc
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nve
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t
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r
l
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r
vol
t
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ge
c
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n
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om
pl
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ont
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t
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c
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.
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t
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c
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m
pl
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y e
a
c
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f
or
C
u
k
&
buc
k
c
o
nve
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t
e
r
s
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onc
u
r
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l
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m
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v
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d.
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ve
r
s
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a
ppl
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c
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t
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ba
s
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d o
n DC
s
o
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c
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c
a
n
be
s
e
r
ve
d;
i
nd
us
t
r
i
a
l
a
ppl
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c
a
t
i
ons
c
a
n
be
r
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h
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p
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r
t
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t
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o
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r
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m
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s
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M
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I
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2
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4
gi
ve
s
t
he
i
nf
e
r
e
nc
e
s
a
nd
c
onc
l
us
i
o
ns
.
2.
P
R
O
P
O
SE
D
T
O
P
O
L
O
G
Y
D
E
SC
R
I
P
T
I
O
N
T
h
e
t
r
a
di
t
i
ona
l
C
uk
c
o
nve
r
t
e
r
f
r
om
F
i
g
ur
e
2
(
a
)
i
s
de
s
i
g
ne
d
by
t
wo
i
nd
uc
t
o
r
s
L
1
a
nd
L
2
,
c
ap
aci
t
o
r
C
1
,
s
e
m
ic
on
du
c
tor
s
w
itc
h
S
1
a
nd d
iod
e
D
.
S
i
m
i
l
a
r
l
y
Bu
c
k
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
i
n
F
i
g
u
re
2(
b)
is
d
e
s
i
gn
e
d us
ing
a
n
i
n
du
c
tor
L
1
,
s
w
i
t
c
h
S
1
,
di
ode
D
.
T
he
C
u
k
is
d
e
s
ign
e
d
a
s
a
h
i
g
h
ou
tput
c
on
ve
r
te
r
,
while
th
e
bu
c
k
is
d
e
s
ign
e
d
t
o
b
e
a
low
out
put
c
o
nve
r
t
e
r
.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
ig
ur
e
2
.
C
uk
a
n
d
bu
c
k
c
o
nve
r
te
r
s
,
(a
)
c
uk
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
,
(b
)
bu
c
k
c
onv
e
r
te
r
C
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
c
o
n
d
u
ct
i
o
n
m
o
d
e
h
as
b
een
u
s
ed
s
i
n
ce
i
t
p
r
o
d
u
ces
b
et
t
er
ef
f
i
c
i
en
cy
an
d
ef
f
e
ct
i
v
e u
s
e
o
f
act
i
v
e
el
em
en
t
s
an
d
p
as
s
i
v
e
e
l
em
en
t
s
.
=
|
|
(
1
−
)
(
1)
=
|
|
1
−
(
2)
V=
D
|V|
(
3)
V
=
I
n
put
V
ol
t
a
ge
;
|
V|
=
O
ut
p
ut
V
ol
t
a
ge
;
t
he
r
a
t
i
o o
f
dut
y c
yc
l
e
(
D
)
i
s
gi
v
e
n b
y
on
t
i
m
e
(
T
ON
)
t
o t
he
t
o
t
a
l
t
i
m
e
p
e
r
i
o
d
(
T
S
)
.
C
uk a
nd B
uc
k c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
,
t
ho
u
gh
t
he
y
ha
ve
a
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
w
or
ki
n
g
f
o
r
va
r
yi
n
g
v
ol
t
a
ge
s
,
t
he
y
di
f
f
e
r
wi
t
h
t
he
i
r
o
pe
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
p
r
i
nc
i
pl
e
.
C
uk
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
c
a
n
i
n
ve
r
t
t
he
p
ol
a
r
i
t
y
a
n
d
c
ha
n
ge
t
he
m
a
g
ni
t
ude
w
he
r
e
a
s
b
uc
k
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
c
a
n
m
o
di
f
y t
he
o
ut
put
m
a
g
ni
t
u
de
t
o a
l
o
w
e
r
l
e
ve
l
.
W
i
t
h a
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
nt
c
o
m
bi
na
t
i
on
o
f
Cu
k
-
B
uc
k
c
o
n
ve
r
t
e
r
s
,
s
i
m
ul
t
a
ne
o
us
hi
g
h
o
u
t
put
v
ol
t
a
ge
a
n
d
l
ow
out
put
v
ol
t
a
ge
wi
t
h
di
s
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
v
a
l
ue
s
c
a
n
be
a
c
c
om
pl
i
s
he
d.
F
r
om
F
igu
r
e
3,
th
e
op
e
r
a
tio
n of
hyb
r
i
d
m
ulti c
o
nv
e
r
te
r
t
o
po
logy
,
s
u
pp
l
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
pho
to vo
lta
ic
pa
ne
l
s
i
s
f
e
d t
o t
he
c
i
r
c
ui
t
.
S
w
i
t
c
h
S
1
&
S
2
a
r
e cl
o
s
ed
at
t
h
e s
am
e
t
i
m
e,
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
i
ed
e
n
er
g
y
w
i
l
l
b
e s
t
o
r
e
d
i
n
t
he
i
n
duc
t
or
s
L
1
,
L
01
a
nd
L
2
,
L
02
.
A
l
t
e
r
na
t
e
t
o t
he
i
np
ut
a
n
d
out
put
c
a
pa
c
i
t
o
r
C
an
d
C
0
ar
e
c
o
n
n
ect
ed
;
C
1
a
n
d
C
01
ar
e al
s
o
c
o
n
n
ect
ed
i
n
t
h
e s
i
m
i
l
ar
f
as
h
i
o
n
.
D
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e O
N
p
er
i
o
d
L
01
a
n
d L
02
s
t
o
r
e t
h
e e
n
er
g
y
w
h
i
l
e
cap
aci
t
o
r
C
a
n
d
C
01
d
i
s
c
h
a
r
g
e
s
.
A
t
t
h
i
s
t
i
m
e
i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
,
f
r
e
e
w
h
e
e
l
i
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s
,
D
1
an
d
D
2
a
r
e
t
ur
ne
d
of
f
;
s
u
ppl
i
e
d
en
er
g
y
t
o
t
he
l
oa
d
s
i
s
de
l
i
ve
r
e
d by
t
he
o
ut
p
ut
c
a
pa
c
i
t
or
s
g
i
ve
n w
i
t
h
C
0
an
d
C
01
.
Aft
e
r
a
w
h
i
l
e
,
S
1a
n
d S
2
a
r
e
s
w
i
t
c
h
e
d
o
ff,
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
rs
C
an
d
C
01
ge
t
r
e
c
ha
r
ge
d t
h
r
o
u
gh i
nd
uc
t
o
r
s
by m
e
a
ns
o
f
f
r
e
e
w
h
e
e
l
i
ng di
ode
s
,
D
1
a
nd
D
2
.
C
u
k c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
di
s
t
r
i
but
e
s
t
wo s
i
m
ul
t
a
ne
ous
o
ut
p
ut
s
o
f
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
v
ol
t
a
ge
s
.
F
u
r
t
he
r
,
t
he
o
ut
p
ut
f
r
o
m
C
uk
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
i
s
f
e
d
t
o
b
uc
k
c
on
v
e
r
t
e
r
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
r
i
S
y
s
t
IS
S
N
:
208
8
-
8
69
4
A
n
i
mpr
ov
e
d
m
ode
l
of
hy
b
r
i
d
m
ul
t
i
c
o
nv
e
r
t
e
r
us
e
d
f
or
gr
i
d
c
on
ne
c
t
e
d
.
.
.
(
E
.
Ca
t
h
e
r
i
n
e
A
m
a
l
a
P
r
i
y
a
)
8
63
F
i
gu
r
e
3.
C
i
r
c
u
i
t
Di
a
gr
a
m
of
t
he
pr
o
pos
e
d
H
yb
r
i
d
M
ul
t
i
C
o
nve
r
t
e
r
T
o
p
ol
o
gy
2.
1.
O
pe
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
h
y
b
r
i
d
m
u
l
t
i
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
t
op
ol
ogy
C
o
nv
e
r
te
r
1 pr
odu
c
e
s
t
h
e
ou
tpu
t
vol
t
a
ge
V
01,
w
h
e
r
e V
01
> V
S
i
.
e
.
,
o
bt
a
i
ne
d
out
put
(
V
01
)
w
i
l
l
b
e
bo
os
t
e
d a
b
ove
t
he
s
up
pl
y
vo
l
t
a
ge
(
V
S
)
.
S
w
i
t
c
h
S
3
w
i
l
l
b
e
c
l
o
s
e
d
i
n
Co
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
3
,
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
,
V
01
f
r
o
m
C
u
k
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
w
i
l
l
be
f
e
d
t
o
t
he
b
uc
k
c
o
n
ve
r
t
e
r
.
B
uc
k
c
o
nv
e
r
t
e
r
p
r
od
uc
e
s
e
xt
r
e
m
e
l
y
a
l
ow
o
ut
p
u
t
.
i
.
e
V
03
<
V
01
I
n
a
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
w
or
ki
n
g pa
t
t
e
r
n
,
t
he
o
ut
p
ut
vol
t
a
ge
o
bt
a
i
ne
d
a
c
r
os
s
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
2 wi
l
l
be
,
V
02
> V
S
.
.
Cu
k
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
w
i
t
h
out
put
v
ol
t
a
ge
V
02
i
s
l
e
f
t
f
o
r
a
f
u
t
u
r
e
p
r
o
t
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
.
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
f
o
r
C
u
k
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
,
=
1
=
0
2
=
(
1
−
)
=
1
=
2
(
4)
P
in
=
V
S
I
S
=
(
1
−
)
P
out1
=
V
01
I
01
P
out2
=V
02
I
02
=
(
1
−
)
0
0
=
0
A
n
a
l
y
s
is
f
or
bu
c
k
c
onv
e
r
te
r
,
V
01
=
V
S
V
03
=
D
(V
01
)
(
5)
E
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
s
(
4)
&
(
5)
s
ho
w
the
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
a
nd ou
tpu
t
v
a
lu
e
s
of
t
h
e
pr
opo
s
e
d
hy
br
id m
u
lti c
on
v
e
r
te
r
topo
log
y.
V
01
,
V
02
,
V
03
o
pe
r
a
t
e
a
t
s
a
m
e
t
i
m
e
t
o
pr
o
du
c
e
s
i
m
ul
t
a
ne
o
u
s
o
ut
put
.
D
e
pe
ndi
ng
up
o
n t
h
e
c
o
m
p
o
ne
nt
v
a
l
ue
s
,
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
m
u
l
t
i
Cu
k
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
w
i
l
l
v
a
r
y
.
2.
2.
O
p
era
t
i
n
g
mo
d
e
s
o
f
H
M
C
T
F
i
gu
r
e
4 e
x
pl
a
i
ns
t
he
o
pe
r
a
t
i
on
a
n
d
w
or
ki
n
g c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
o
f
t
he
p
r
op
os
e
d
h
y
br
i
d m
ul
t
i
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
to
po
log
y.
M
od
e
I
:
O
ne
o
f
t
h
e
C
u
k c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
a
nd
b
uc
k c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
a
r
e
o
pe
r
a
t
e
d,
s
wi
t
c
h S
1
i
s
t
u
r
ne
d
on
,
t
he
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
pr
od
uc
e
s
out
put
v
o
l
t
ag
e V
01
f
ur
t
h
e
r
t
he
o
ut
p
ut
V
01
i
s
f
e
d t
o t
h
e
b
uc
k c
o
nve
r
t
e
r
,
s
w
i
t
c
h S
3
i
s
t
u
r
n
e
d
on
w
hi
c
h
pr
o
d
uc
e
s
o
ut
p
ut
V
03
.
H
e
r
e,
b
o
t
h
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
t
er
s
ar
e
o
p
er
at
e
d
s
i
m
u
l
t
an
eo
u
s
l
y
.
Mo
d
e
I
I
:
B
o
th
t
he
C
uk
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
s
a
r
e
ope
r
a
t
e
d
s
i
m
ul
t
a
ne
o
us
l
y
,
s
w
i
t
c
h S
1
an
d
S
2
ar
e
t
u
r
n
ed
on
w
hi
c
h pr
o
duc
e
s
out
put
V
01
a
nd V
02
.
B
ot
h
t
he
C
u
k
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
s
a
r
e
f
e
d
w
i
t
h
s
a
m
e
i
np
ut
v
ol
t
a
ge
w
he
r
e
a
s
t
he
y
p
r
o
duc
e
a
di
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
out
p
ut
.
B
y
va
r
yi
ng
t
he
c
o
m
p
o
ne
nt
(
i
n
duc
t
or
,
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
or
)
r
a
t
i
ng
s
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
o
ut
p
u
t
s
a
r
e
o
bt
a
i
ne
d
.
Mod
e
I
I
I
: I
n th
is
m
od
e
,
s
e
c
o
nd
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-
8
6
94
I
n
t
J
Po
w
E
l
ec
&
D
r
i
Sy
s
t
,
V
o
l
.
10
,
N
o
.
2
,
Ju
n
e
2
019
:
8
60
–
8
67
8
64
Cu
k
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
i
s
ope
r
a
t
e
d
w
h
i
c
h
pr
o
duc
e
s
t
he
o
ut
p
ut
V
02
.
I
n
f
ut
ur
e
t
he
o
ut
p
ut
f
r
om
C
u
k
c
o
n
ve
r
t
e
r
t
w
o
w
hi
c
h
pr
o
duc
e
s
c
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
i
ve
l
y
hi
g
h
out
put
v
ol
t
a
ge
t
he
n
ot
he
r
c
o
n
ve
r
t
e
r
c
a
n
be
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
t
he
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
pr
ot
r
a
c
t
i
o
n.
T
he
c
om
pl
e
t
e
o
pe
r
a
t
i
on of
t
he
pr
op
os
e
d h
yb
r
i
d
m
ul
t
i
c
o
nv
e
r
t
e
r
t
o
p
ol
o
gy
o
pe
r
a
t
e
s
i
n t
he
c
l
o
s
e
d l
oo
p
m
e
c
h
a
ni
s
m
.
T
he
c
ont
r
ol
o
ve
r
t
h
e
c
i
r
c
ui
t
s
i
s
obt
a
i
ne
d f
r
o
m
P
I
c
o
nt
r
ol
l
e
r
f
o
r
C
u
k c
o
nve
r
t
e
r
a
nd
P
I
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
f
o
r
buc
k
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
.
I
m
p
r
o
ve
d
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
ha
s
be
e
n obs
e
r
ve
d
,
S
1
,
S
2
,
S
3
,
s
w
i
t
ch
es
ar
e t
r
i
g
g
er
ed
us
i
ng
t
he
c
ont
r
ol
m
e
c
ha
ni
s
m
of
a
na
l
o
g c
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
s
.
T
he
o
ut
p
ut
vol
t
a
ge
i
s
f
e
d
t
o t
he
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
a
n
d a
c
o
ns
t
a
n
t
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
v
ol
t
a
ge
s
e
t
t
hr
ou
g
h
ba
t
t
e
r
y
i
s
f
e
d
a
nd
bot
h
a
r
e
c
om
p
a
r
e
d
.
S
t
a
bl
e
o
u
t
put
i
s
pr
o
duc
e
d
e
xa
c
t
l
y
a
r
o
u
nd
t
he
s
e
t
v
ol
t
a
ge
.
T
ab
l
e
1
.
V
o
l
t
ag
e
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
e
nt
e
qua
t
i
o
ns
o
f
H
M
C
T
Dev
ice p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
Switch
Dio
d
e
Av
er
ag
e Vo
ltag
e a
cr
o
s
s
th
e lin
k
C
ap
acito
r
s
V
V + Vo
u
t
Av
er
ag
e C
u
r
r
en
t
a
cr
o
s
s
t
he
I
nduc
t
or
s
2
(
1
−
)
2
2
(
1
−
)
T
ab
l
e
2
.
S
w
i
t
c
hi
n
g
S
e
q
ue
nc
e
of
H
m
c
t
M
ode
s
S
1
S
2
S
3
O
ut
put
M
ode
1
On
O
ff
On
V
01
, V
03
M
ode
2
On
On
O
ff
V
01
, V
02
M
ode
3
O
ff
On
O
ff
V
02
M
ode
4
On
On
On
V
01
, V
02
, V
03
A
v
e
r
a
g
e p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
v
al
u
es
o
f
i
n
d
u
ct
o
r
an
d
ca
p
aci
t
o
r
ar
e
i
l
l
u
s
t
r
at
ed
i
n
t
h
e T
a
b
l
e
1
.
I
n
s
t
ead
o
f
al
l
s
wi
t
c
he
s
,
a
n
a
ve
r
a
ge
va
l
ue
i
s
t
a
ke
n
f
o
r
s
wi
t
c
h a
n
d
di
o
de
c
r
os
s
wi
s
e
t
he
l
i
nk
c
a
pa
c
i
t
or
a
nd
i
nd
uc
t
o
r
s
.
A
l
i
n
k
c
a
pa
c
i
t
or
a
n
d i
nd
uc
t
o
r
c
on
ne
c
t
e
d c
r
os
s
w
i
s
e
t
o b
uc
k
a
n
d
C
uk c
o
nve
r
t
e
r
s
wi
l
l
ha
ve
hi
gh
va
l
ue
s
t
o a
voi
d t
h
e
f
l
o
w
o
f
n
e
g
at
i
v
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
an
d
t
o
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
r
e
v
er
s
e
ef
f
ect
o
n
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
t
e
r
s
.
M
o
d
e
I
(S
1
a
nd
S
3
t
u
rn
e
d
O
N)
M
o
d
e
II
(S
1
an
d
S
2
t
ur
ne
d
O
N
)
Mo
de
I
I
I
(
S
2
t
ur
ne
d
O
N
)
F
i
gu
r
e
4.
E
q
ui
va
l
e
nt
c
i
r
c
ui
t
d
i
a
gr
a
m
o
f
H
M
C
T
f
or
V
a
r
i
o
us
M
od
e
s
of
O
pe
r
a
t
i
on
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
r
i
S
y
s
t
IS
S
N
:
208
8
-
8
69
4
A
n
i
mpr
ov
e
d
m
ode
l
of
hy
b
r
i
d
m
ul
t
i
c
o
nv
e
r
t
e
r
us
e
d
f
or
gr
i
d
c
on
ne
c
t
e
d
.
.
.
(
E
.
Ca
t
h
e
r
i
n
e
A
m
a
l
a
P
r
i
y
a
)
8
65
3.
R
E
SU
L
T
S
&
D
I
S
C
U
SSI
O
N
S
A
de
s
i
gn
o
f
t
h
e
pr
o
pos
e
d
hy
br
i
d m
ul
t
i
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
t
op
ol
o
g
y ha
s
be
e
n
de
ve
l
o
pe
d us
i
ng t
he
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
t
ool
.
V
a
r
i
o
us
r
e
s
ul
t
s
ha
ve
be
e
n
s
i
m
ul
a
t
e
d
.
T
he
de
s
i
gn
of
t
he
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
t
op
ol
o
g
y ha
s
b
e
e
n
s
i
m
ul
a
t
e
d
us
i
n
g
MA
T
L
AB
.
I
n
put
v
ol
t
a
ge
of
14
V i
s
gi
ve
n t
hr
o
ug
h t
he
R
e
ne
w
a
bl
e
e
ne
r
g
y s
ou
r
c
e
us
i
ng
p
hot
o
vol
t
a
i
c
pa
ne
l
.
T
he
i
n
put
i
s
f
e
d t
o t
he
c
i
r
c
ui
t
i
s
bo
os
t
e
d
us
i
ng C
uk c
o
nve
r
t
e
r
.
F
i
g
u
re
5
,
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
d
i
f
fe
re
n
t
wa
v
e
fo
rm
s
fo
r
bo
os
t
e
d v
ol
t
a
g
e
obt
a
i
ne
d
f
r
o
m
C
u
k c
o
n
ve
r
t
e
r
.
W
a
ve
f
or
m
p
or
t
r
a
ys
t
h
r
e
e
o
ut
p
ut
s
w
i
t
h di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
v
ol
t
a
ge
.
C
o
nv
e
r
te
r
1
pr
odu
c
e
s
V
01
S
i
m
i
l
a
r
l
y ot
he
r
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
2 a
n
d 3
pr
o
d
uc
e
s
V
02
a
nd V
03
.
O
v
e
r
a
l
l
o
u
t
p
u
t
(
V
out
)
obt
a
i
ne
d
f
r
o
m
Mul
t
i
c
o
nve
r
t
e
r
s
t
a
ys
a
r
ou
n
d
18
0
V
.
(
i
.
e
.
V
02
+ V
03
= V
out
)
.
Du
ty
C
y
c
le
va
lu
e
D
w
a
s
f
ou
nd t
o
be
0.
9.
W
he
n
out
put
vol
t
a
ge
va
l
ue
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
e
d wi
t
h
r
e
s
pe
c
t
t
o dut
y
c
yc
l
e
,
t
he
t
he
or
e
t
i
c
a
l
va
l
ue
i
s
1
9
8.
8
V
.
T
he
d
i
ffe
r
e
n
ce
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
p
r
act
i
cal
v
al
u
e
i
s
1
8
.
8
V
.
V
01
vo
lta
g
e
ob
ta
in
e
d f
r
om
C
uk c
onv
e
r
te
r
ou
tpu
t is
f
e
d to th
e
buc
k
c
o
nve
r
t
e
r
w
hi
c
h
l
a
dde
r
s
do
w
n
t
he
v
ol
t
a
ge
t
o
l
o
we
r
m
a
gni
t
u
de
va
l
ue
a
r
o
u
nd
1
0
V.
T
ab
l
e
3
.
C
o
m
pa
r
s
ion
of
H
MC
T
wi
t
h
c
o
n
ve
nt
i
ona
l
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
Par
a
m
eter
s
[
3]
-
S
EP
IC
;
C
U
K
[4
]
-
B
UC
K
[
13]
-
Fu
ll
br
i
dge
D
C
/DC
co
n
v
er
ter
P
r
opos
e
d
w
o
rk
-
H
MC
T
o
p
er
atio
n
s
tep
u
p
s
tep
d
o
wn
s
tep
u
p
s
tep
u
p
-
s
tep
d
o
wn
Switch
in
g
Sy
n
cr
o
n
is
atio
n
No
No
No
Yes
Ap
p
licatio
n
s
DC
DC
AC
DC
with
I
n
v
er
te
r
P
r
o
tr
actio
n
C
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
Stag
es
1
1
1
3
N
um
be
r
of
out
put
s
1
1
1
4
E
f
f
ic
ien
cy
86%
83%
87%
91%
(
a
)
(
b
)
(
c
)
(
d
)
F
i
g
ur
e
5.
V
ol
t
a
ge
a
nd
cu
r
r
e
n
t
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
s
f
r
o
m
co
n
v
er
t
er
s
,
(
a
)
buc
k
o
ut
p
ut
vol
t
a
ge
,
(
b
)
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
1
o
ut
p
ut
v
ol
t
a
ge
,
(
c
)
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
2
out
put
v
ol
t
a
g
e
,
(
d
)
.
indu
c
tor
c
u
rre
n
t
-
co
n
v
er
t
e
r
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-
8
6
94
I
n
t
J
Po
w
E
l
ec
&
D
r
i
Sy
s
t
,
V
o
l
.
10
,
N
o
.
2
,
Ju
n
e
2
019
:
8
60
–
8
67
8
66
4.
C
O
N
CL
U
S
I
O
N
H
y
br
i
d
m
ul
t
i
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
t
op
ol
og
y
ha
s
be
e
n
pr
o
pos
e
d,
s
i
m
ul
a
t
i
on
r
e
s
ul
t
s
ha
ve
be
e
n
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d.
I
n
t
h
e
pr
o
pos
e
d
de
s
i
gn
t
he
m
ul
t
i
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
s
ha
ve
t
he
i
de
nt
i
c
a
l
r
a
t
i
o o
f
v
ol
t
a
g
e
c
on
ve
r
s
i
o
n.
T
he
y p
r
o
d
uc
e
a
l
i
ke
out
put
w
i
t
h
di
s
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
va
l
ue
s
.
D
i
ve
r
s
e
l
e
ve
l
o
f
v
ol
t
a
ge
s
ha
s
be
e
n
pr
od
uc
e
d wi
t
h
t
he
de
s
i
gn
of
H
y
br
i
d
m
ul
ti
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
t
op
ol
og
y.
T
he
pr
i
m
e
a
d
va
nt
a
ge
o
f
t
he
p
r
op
os
e
d
d
e
s
i
gn
i
s
a
c
c
om
pl
i
s
he
d
t
h
r
ou
g
h
a
m
on
o
i
np
ut
m
ul
t
i
o
u
t
p
u
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
T
h
e
d
i
s
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
p
e
r
m
i
t
t
h
e
e
x
t
e
n
s
i
ve
r
a
n
ge
of
a
p
pl
i
c
a
t
i
on t
o
ge
t
r
e
a
l
i
z
e
d.
T
he
de
s
i
g
n
pr
o
duc
e
s
a
n
e
n
ha
nc
e
d
a
nd
m
or
e
c
os
t
-
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
i
n
t
a
k
e
o
f
m
o
n
o
-
s
q
ua
t
i
n
put
f
r
om
r
e
ne
wa
bl
e
e
ne
r
g
y s
o
ur
c
e
.
S
w
i
t
c
hi
n
g s
ys
t
e
m
m
e
c
ha
ni
s
m
wo
r
k
s
i
n t
he
s
a
m
e
s
y
nc
w
hi
c
h m
a
ke
s
t
he
dr
i
ve
r
s
ys
t
e
m
t
o
w
o
rk
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
l
y a
n
d e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
c
o
nt
r
ol
s
ys
t
e
m
pr
od
uc
e
s
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
d
out
put
t
hr
o
u
gh
s
i
ngl
e
c
o
nt
r
ol
s
ys
t
e
m
.
I
s
ol
a
t
i
o
n
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
s
ha
ve
be
e
n a
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d
s
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nc
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t
he
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m
i
s
m
a
i
nt
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i
ne
d
s
t
a
bl
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f
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h
ba
l
a
nc
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n
d
un
ba
l
a
nc
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o
ndi
t
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o
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whi
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e
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c
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t
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ons
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s
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u
t
ur
e
a
u
gm
e
nt
a
t
i
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.
R
EF
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N
C
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Q
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W
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d
M
ul
t
i
port
D
C
–
D
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rt
e
r
f
or S
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m
u
l
t
a
n
e
ous
P
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e
r M
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
o
f M
ul
t
i
pl
e
D
i
ffe
r
e
nt
Re
n
e
w
a
bl
e
E
ne
rgy
S
ourc
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s
”
,
I
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E
E
J
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m
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m
bi
na
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D
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rogri
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n
de
z
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uz
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n,
M
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A
nt
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Cruz
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a
ni
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l
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“
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k
P
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r Conve
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a
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m
oot
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e
rfor
a
D
C M
ot
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s
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d
o
n a
H
i
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ra
r
c
hi
c
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Cont
rol
”
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I
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EE
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ul
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d
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ni
d
i
re
c
t
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a
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Conve
rt
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r
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ne
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a
bl
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E
ne
rgi
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E
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a
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X
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r
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O
ve
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i
gh
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St
e
p
-
U
p C
oupl
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d
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Induc
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Conve
rt
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r
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our
na
l
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nd
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S
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t
e
m
s
us
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n
g Cuk
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S
e
pi
c
F
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d Conve
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r w
i
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Z
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S
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rr
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ga
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n
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r
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Ra
m
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no
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ni
,
“
V
ol
t
a
g
e
s
our
c
e
c
onve
rt
e
r
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ba
s
e
d
t
opol
ogi
e
s
t
o
fur
t
he
r
i
nt
e
gra
t
e
re
ne
w
a
bl
e
e
ne
rgy
s
ourc
e
s
i
n
d
i
s
t
ri
but
i
on
s
ys
t
e
m
s
”
,
I
E
T
R
e
n
e
wabl
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G
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ne
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pri
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u
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houx
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a
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K
e
y
ue
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m
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d
l
e
y
,
“
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N
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w
H
ybri
d
Boos
t
i
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ve
rt
e
r
(H
BC) f
or
Re
ne
w
a
bl
e
E
ne
r
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A
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
ons
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,
IE
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E
T
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A
ki
n,
“
A Ne
w Mu
l
t
i
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Input
T
hr
e
e
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L
e
ve
l
D
C/
D
C Co
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rt
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r
”
,
I
E
E
E
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Inpu
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C
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C
Conve
rt
e
r T
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,
”
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
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o
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l
ect
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T
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e
,
“
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y
n
th
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s
is
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f
M
u
ltip
le
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Inpu
t
D
C/
D
C
Conve
rt
e
rs
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”
IE
E
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T
r
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ch
ar
g
eab
l
e V
e
hi
c
l
e
A
c
c
us
i
ng T
e
c
hni
qu
e
F
or Cl
e
v
e
r H
om
e
E
re
c
t
i
on
W
i
t
h
A
P
hot
ovol
t
a
i
c
S
y
s
t
e
m
,”
Int
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
nal
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f
P
ur
e
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pp
l
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d Mat
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i
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d
G
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. G
h
ar
eh
p
et
i
an
,
“N
ew
ex
t
en
d
ab
l
e s
i
n
g
l
e s
t
ag
e
m
u
l
t
i
-
i
npu
t
D
C
–
D
C/
A
C boo
s
t
c
onve
rt
e
r,
”
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
n
s
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o
w
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E
l
e
ct
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n
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u
s
m
e
z
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L
i
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n
d
B
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k
i
n
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“
A
F
ul
l
y In
t
e
gra
t
e
d
T
h
re
e
-
L
e
ve
l
Is
ol
a
t
e
d
S
i
n
gl
e
-
S
t
a
g
e
P
F
C Conve
rt
e
r
,
”
I
EEE
T
r
ans
P
owe
r
E
l
e
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t
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h
i
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G
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T
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S
unda
r Ra
j
a
n
a
nd
V
.
Ba
l
a
s
ubra
m
a
ni
a
n,
“
I
m
prove
d
P
ow
e
r F
a
c
t
or
a
t
Input
S
t
a
ge
of
Ps
e
u
d
oboos
t
Re
c
t
i
fi
e
r
w
i
t
h
Im
pr
ove
d
S
w
it
c
h
in
g
P
a
tte
r
n
”
,
Int
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
nal
o
f
A
pp
l
i
e
d
E
ngi
n
e
e
r
i
ng
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
,
V
ol
um
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10
,
N
u
m
be
r 6
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H
e
m
a
pr
i
t
hni
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nd G
.
T
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S
unda
r
Ra
j
a
n
,
“
T
hre
e
L
e
ve
l
In
t
e
gr
a
t
e
d
A
C t
o D
C Conve
rt
e
r
fe
d D
C D
ri
ve
w
i
t
h C
a
s
c
a
de
d
fi
l
t
er
”
,
Int
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
nal
of
A
p
p
l
i
ed
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
R
es
ea
r
ch
,
V
ol
um
e
10
,
N
u
m
be
r 6
,
pp
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.
J
a
y
a
nt
hy,
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T
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S
unda
r
Ra
j
a
n
,
“
A
N
ove
l
U
ni
t
y P
ow
e
r
F
a
c
t
or
A
t
Input
S
t
a
ge
O
f
V
i
e
nna
R
e
c
t
i
fi
e
r F
or
W
i
nd
E
ne
rgy Conve
rs
i
on S
ys
t
e
m
U
s
i
ng F
uz
z
y L
og
i
c
”
,
Int
e
r
nat
i
ona
l
J
our
nal
of
A
ppl
i
e
d E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng R
e
s
e
ar
c
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me
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Chr
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s
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s
i
r R
a
j
a
n
,
“
A
N
ov
e
l
U
ni
t
y P
ow
e
r
F
a
c
t
or
Input
S
t
a
ge
W
i
t
h Re
s
ona
n
t
D
C
L
i
nk In
v
e
rt
e
r for
A
C D
ri
ve
s
”
,
J
o
ur
nal
o
f Ele
c
tr
i
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
r
in
g
,
V
ol
um
e
12
/
201
2
-
E
di
t
i
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n:
4,
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p.
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2
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66
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2012
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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:
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4
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n
i
mpr
ov
e
d
m
ode
l
of
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t
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)
8
67
[20].
G
.
T
.
S
unda
r
R
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j
a
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nd C
.
Chr
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a
c
t
or Corre
c
t
i
on
of
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hre
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P
ha
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ode
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t
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rogr
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bl
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rra
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m
e
r
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c
an J
our
nal
o
f
A
ppl
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e
d
S
c
i
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nc
e
s
,
V
ol
um
e
10
-
Is
s
ue
9
/
2013
,
pp
.
986
-
999.
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mal
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nna
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ve
rs
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oppe
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ni
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a
a
r.
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he
ha
s
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x
pe
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l
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ngi
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ri
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l
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ge
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c
ha
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ya
Co
l
l
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g
e
of
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ngi
ne
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ri
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&
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e
c
hno
l
ogy.
S
he
ha
s
publ
i
s
he
d
&
pr
e
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e
nt
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d
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rous
p
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pe
r
s
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i
nt
e
rna
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ona
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t
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on
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s
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.
from
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re
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nt
,
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rm
oni
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s
re
duc
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on,
A
C a
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C
dri
ve
s
.
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.
T.
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u
n
d
ar
R
ajan
born i
n T
i
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l
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D
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s
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a
m
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c
s
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ngi
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ri
n
g from
t
he
U
ni
ve
rs
i
t
y of M
a
dr
a
s
a
nd t
h
e
M
.
E
.
de
gre
e
i
n P
ow
e
r
E
l
e
c
t
roni
c
s
a
nd
Indus
t
ri
a
l
D
ri
v
e
s
a
nd P
h.
D
.
f
rom
t
he
S
a
t
hya
ba
m
a
U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y,
Che
nna
i
,
Indi
a
i
n
1997
,
2007
a
nd
2014
re
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
l
y
.
H
e
h
a
s
publ
i
s
he
d
t
e
c
hni
c
a
l
pa
p
e
rs
i
n
in
te
r
n
a
tio
n
a
l
a
nd na
t
i
on
a
l
j
ourna
l
s
a
nd
c
onfe
re
nc
e
s
.
P
r
e
s
e
nt
l
y h
e
i
s
w
orki
ng a
s
a
n
Asso
c
i
a
t
e
P
rofe
s
s
or i
n t
he
D
e
pa
r
t
m
e
nt
of
E
E
E
a
t
S
a
t
hya
ba
m
a
Ins
t
i
t
ut
e
o
f S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
nd T
e
c
hnol
ogy
,
Che
nna
i
.
H
e
h
a
s
a
t
ot
a
l
t
e
a
c
hi
n
g e
xpe
ri
e
nc
e
of
18
y
ear
s
. H
i
s
ar
eas
o
f
i
n
t
er
es
t
a
r
e p
o
w
er
q
ua
l
i
t
y
i
m
prove
m
e
nt
,
h
a
rm
oni
c
s
r
e
duc
t
i
o
n,
A
C
a
nd D
C dr
i
ve
s
.
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