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th
is
m
e
th
o
d
,
esti
m
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o
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th
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en
co
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f
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et
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n
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n
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s
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er
ato
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d
o
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m
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ltan
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t
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s
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r
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r
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en
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i
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tato
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en
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ato
r
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to
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ti
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g
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th
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r
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to
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ts
,
s
tato
r
v
o
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s
co
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tai
n
h
ar
m
o
n
ics.
A
lo
w
p
a
s
s
f
ilter
is
u
s
ed
to
r
em
o
v
e
t
h
ese
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
i
n
th
e
s
tato
r
v
o
lta
g
es.
Mo
s
t
o
f
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
a
v
e
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s
ed
v
ec
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l
m
et
h
o
d
to
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o
u
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le
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n
tr
o
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o
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h
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ac
ti
v
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r
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p
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w
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o
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d
u
e
to
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
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s
a
m
e
as
f
e
w
er
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
i
n
j
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ted
to
th
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g
r
id
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A
l
s
o
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d
ir
ec
t
p
o
w
er
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n
tr
o
l
is
u
tili
ze
d
b
y
s
o
m
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
as
a
m
o
r
e
co
n
v
e
n
ien
t
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
r
ea
lizatio
n
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
DFI
G.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
D
FIG
t
o
th
e
g
ir
d
u
s
i
n
g
d
ir
ec
t p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l is in
v
est
ig
ated
i
n
[
1
3
]
-
[
1
4
]
.
Utilizi
n
g
m
atr
i
x
co
n
v
er
ter
s
i
n
DF
I
G
w
in
d
t
u
r
b
in
e
s
is
s
til
l
in
r
esear
c
h
p
h
a
s
e.
Mo
s
t
o
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th
e
r
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en
t
w
o
r
k
s
h
a
v
e
d
ea
lt
w
it
h
th
eir
n
o
r
m
al
o
p
er
atio
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[
1
5
]
-
[
2
1
]
.
Di
r
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t
to
r
q
u
e
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
e
DFI
G
w
it
h
a
n
I
MC
ar
e
p
r
ese
n
ted
in
[
1
8
]
-
[
1
9
]
.
I
n
[
2
0
]
th
e
m
o
d
el
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
a
D
FIG
w
it
h
an
I
MC
i
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
.
D
y
n
a
m
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
a
DFI
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u
s
in
g
I
M
C
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
i
n
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
R
ef
[
2
2
]
an
in
d
ir
ec
t
m
atr
i
x
co
n
v
er
ter
is
u
s
ed
to
d
r
iv
e
a
f
i
x
ed
s
p
ee
d
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
in
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt
s
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
[
2
2
]
s
h
o
w
th
at
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
co
n
ten
t
o
f
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
ts
ar
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
I
MC.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
I
MC
is
a
g
o
o
d
ca
n
d
id
ate
s
u
b
s
tit
u
ti
n
g
b
ac
k
-
to
-
b
ac
k
co
n
v
er
ter
in
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
b
in
e
s
ap
p
licatio
n
.
P
u
b
lis
h
ed
w
o
r
k
s
i
n
th
e
s
u
b
j
ec
t
o
f
DFI
G
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
h
av
e
d
ev
o
ted
to
th
e
b
ac
k
-
to
-
b
ac
k
p
o
w
er
co
n
v
er
ter
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
As
f
a
r
w
e
k
n
o
w
,
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
p
u
b
li
s
h
ed
w
o
r
k
r
elate
d
to
v
ec
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
DFI
G
w
i
th
I
MC
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
iza
tio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
i
n
th
e
liter
at
u
r
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
m
a
in
g
o
al
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
i
s
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
iz
in
g
t
h
e
DFI
G
w
i
th
I
MC
to
th
e
g
r
id
f
o
r
s
af
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
a
n
d
in
j
ec
tin
g
MP
P
T
p
o
w
er
to
th
e
g
r
id
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
u
s
i
n
g
I
MC to
co
n
tr
o
l D
FIG
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
b
in
es i
s
i
n
r
esear
ch
p
h
ase
a
n
d
m
o
s
t o
f
p
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b
lis
h
ed
w
o
r
k
s
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
s
i
m
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latio
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r
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lt
s
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n
th
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ap
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lab
o
r
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r
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ca
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p
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cted
to
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em
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n
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tr
ate
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v
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f
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p
r
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m
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p
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e
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co
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t
AR
M
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b
ased
m
icr
o
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n
tr
o
ller
is
d
escr
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w
it
h
d
etail
s
in
a
s
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t
io
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t
h
at
co
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ld
b
e
a
g
o
o
d
r
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ce
f
o
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th
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s
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ter
esti
n
g
to
p
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tical
asp
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ts
o
f
th
e
p
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w
er
elec
tr
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n
ics co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
T
h
i
s
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
2
,
m
o
d
eli
n
g
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
t
h
e
D
FIG
b
ased
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
in
e
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
en
c
o
d
er
ca
lib
r
atio
n
an
d
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
DFI
G
is
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
ed
in
s
ec
t
io
n
3
.
E
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lts
f
r
o
m
a
la
b
o
r
ato
r
y
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
ar
e
p
r
esen
t
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
4
.
F
i
n
all
y
,
s
ec
tio
n
5
co
n
clu
d
es t
h
e
p
ap
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
8
:
784
–
794
786
2.
M
O
DE
L
I
N
G
AN
D
CO
NT
R
O
L
O
F
T
H
E
SY
ST
E
M
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
d
y
n
a
m
ic
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
a
D
FIG
b
ased
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
b
in
e
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
T
h
e
s
tato
r
w
in
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
DFI
G
is
d
ir
ec
tl
y
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
g
r
id
,
an
d
th
e
r
o
to
r
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
i
s
co
u
p
led
v
ia
a
n
I
MC.
T
h
e
I
MC
m
u
s
t
h
an
d
le
th
e
s
lip
p
o
w
er
,
i.e
.
ab
o
u
t
3
0
%
o
f
t
h
e
r
ated
p
o
w
er
o
f
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
b
in
e.
T
h
e
s
p
ee
d
r
an
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
g
en
er
ato
r
is
t
y
p
icall
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±
3
0
%
o
f
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
s
p
ee
d
,
th
u
s
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
in
b
o
th
s
u
b
an
d
s
u
p
er
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
d
es,
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
w
in
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
2
.
1
T
urbin
e
M
o
del
T
h
e
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
p
o
w
er
ex
tr
ac
ted
b
y
a
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
in
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
is
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
3
1
.
.
(
,
)
.
(
1
)
2
pw
P
A
C
v
W
A
y
,
ρ
y
,
p
o
w
er
co
ef
f
icie
n
t,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
t
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t o
f
p
o
w
er
t
h
at
a
t
u
r
b
in
e
ca
n
ex
tr
ac
t,
an
d
v
w
i
s
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
av
ailab
le
i
n
th
e
w
in
d
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
co
m
p
lete
l
y
.
T
h
eo
r
etica
ll
y
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
ca
p
tu
r
ed
p
o
w
er
is
5
9
%
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
av
ailab
le
in
t
h
e
w
in
d
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
is
a
f
u
n
ct
io
n
o
f
th
e
tip
-
λ
β
-
s
p
ee
d
r
atio
is
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
(
2
)
t
w
R
v
W
R
Ω
ch
p
itc
h
an
g
le
o
f
th
e
r
o
to
r
b
lad
es,
th
er
e
is
a
n
o
p
ti
m
u
m
t
ip
-
λ
(
λ
,β)
x
v
alu
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
f
o
r
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
s
b
elo
w
r
ated
v
al
u
e,
th
e
e
x
is
t
in
g
p
o
w
er
i
s
b
elo
w
t
h
e
r
at
ed
p
o
w
er
,
s
o
p
o
w
er
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
i
s
o
p
ti
m
ized
b
y
ad
j
u
s
ti
n
g
th
e
t
ip
-
s
p
ee
d
r
atio
to
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
co
ef
f
icien
t.
T
h
e
p
itch
an
g
le
i
s
k
ep
t
co
n
s
tan
t
i
n
th
i
s
r
eg
io
n
an
d
t
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
ca
lle
d
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
t
r
ac
k
in
g
(
MP
PT
)
o
f
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
b
in
es.
On
co
n
tr
ar
y
,
at
w
in
d
s
p
ee
d
s
ab
o
v
e
t
h
e
r
ated
v
alu
e
t
h
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
w
in
d
p
o
wer
h
as
to
b
e
l
i
m
i
ted
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
b
lad
e
p
itch
i
n
g
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
th
e
MP
PT
is
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
lo
o
k
-
u
p
tab
l
e
[
2
3
]
.
2
.
2
DF
I
G
m
o
del
A
f
i
f
t
h
-
o
r
d
er
d
y
n
a
m
ic
m
o
d
el
o
f
t
h
e
DFI
G
is
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
ical
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
DFI
G
i
n
th
e
t
w
o
-
a
x
i
s
d
-
q
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
r
a
m
e
is
g
i
v
en
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s
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it
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eq
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ar
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s
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alo
n
g
w
it
h
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
d
ir
ec
t
m
atr
i
x
c
o
n
v
er
ter
(
DM
C
)
e
n
co
u
n
ter
s
t
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e
co
m
m
u
tatio
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p
r
o
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le
m
s
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e
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u
ir
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a
co
m
p
le
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o
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cir
cu
itr
y
.
W
h
ile
in
I
MC
all
s
w
itc
h
es
at
t
h
e
li
n
e
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id
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ill
t
u
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r
o
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le
m
s
ar
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el
i
m
i
n
ated
[
2
6
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-
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
I
M
C
i
s
a
n
i
n
ter
esti
n
g
c
o
n
v
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ter
f
o
r
w
in
d
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y
ap
p
licatio
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s
r
e
g
ar
d
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its
r
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ess
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r
ed
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ce
d
s
ize
a
n
d
r
eliab
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n
ce
r
n
s
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Du
e
to
t
h
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ad
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a
n
tag
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
I
MC
o
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th
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ac
k
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to
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h
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er
t
h
e
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C
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s
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ed
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tr
o
l th
e
DFI
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An
I
MC c
o
n
s
i
s
ts
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tific
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ar
t o
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t s
id
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d
an
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io
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p
ar
t o
n
th
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tp
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t
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id
e,
co
n
n
ec
ted
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ia
f
ictit
io
u
s
d
c
-
lin
k
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
r
ec
tif
ier
h
as
s
i
x
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
s
w
itc
h
es
w
i
t
h
th
e
ab
ilit
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o
f
co
n
d
u
ct
in
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c
u
r
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t
a
n
d
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lo
ck
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g
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o
th
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ir
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s
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h
e
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ti
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d
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u
all
y
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id
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er
ter
o
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t
h
e
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is
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n
tr
o
lled
to
ex
ch
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g
e
ze
r
o
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
at
t
h
e
g
r
id
p
o
in
t.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
o
f
th
e
I
MC
is
u
s
e
d
to
c
o
n
tr
o
l
t
h
e
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
o
f
th
e
DFI
G.
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en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
,
th
e
I
MC
w
i
ll
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er
ab
s
o
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b
p
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(
s
u
b
-
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
)
f
r
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g
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id
o
r
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ject
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s
u
p
er
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ch
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n
o
u
s
)
to
th
e
g
r
id
.
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er
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o
r
e,
th
e
I
M
C
m
u
s
t
h
a
v
e
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
b
id
ir
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tio
n
al
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
to
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
On
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ta
g
e
,
th
e
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
SV
M)
is
u
s
ed
to
g
e
n
er
ate
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
r
o
to
r
v
o
ltag
e
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
b
y
c
u
r
r
en
ts
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
Deta
il
d
escr
ip
t
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
I
MC
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
[
1
6
]
.
2
.
4
Vec
t
o
r
Co
ntr
o
l o
f
t
he
DF
I
G
T
h
e
g
o
al
o
f
th
e
DFI
G
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
th
e
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
e
s
tato
r
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
i
s
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
an
d
t
h
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
is
s
et
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
d
esire
d
p
o
w
er
f
ac
t
o
r
.
Stato
r
f
lu
x
d
-
q
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
r
a
m
e
is
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
DFI
G
v
ec
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l
in
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
b
in
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
I
n
DFI
G,
th
e
r
o
to
r
v
o
ltag
es
ar
e
co
n
tr
o
l
v
ar
iab
les
w
h
ic
h
co
n
tr
o
l
t
h
e
r
o
to
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
.
T
h
e
s
tato
r
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
as
[
6
]
3
2
3
(
)
(
4)
2
L
m
P
V
i
s
s
q
r
L
s
V
s
Q
L
i
s
s
m
d
r
L
s
T
h
e
ab
o
v
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
clea
r
l
y
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
u
n
d
er
t
h
e
s
ta
to
r
f
l
u
x
o
r
ien
tatio
n
,
t
h
e
ac
ti
v
e
a
n
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
s
ar
e
d
ec
o
u
p
led
a
n
d
ca
n
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lle
d
v
ia
t
h
e
r
o
to
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
.
B
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
iq
r
,
w
e
ca
n
co
n
tr
o
l
t
h
e
ac
t
iv
e
p
o
w
er
w
h
ile
t
h
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
ca
n
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
v
ia
id
r
.
Usi
n
g
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
,
t
h
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
cu
r
r
en
t
s
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
es
ir
ed
p
o
w
er
s
.
3.
SYNCH
RO
NI
Z
A
T
I
O
N
P
R
O
B
L
E
M
Star
tin
g
a
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
DFI
G
r
eq
u
ir
e
to
a
co
m
p
licated
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
r
ea
ch
es
to
th
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
s
p
ee
d
,
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
w
ill
b
e
s
tar
ted
.
A
t
f
ir
s
t,
th
e
tu
r
b
in
e
s
p
ee
d
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
th
e
p
ith
an
g
le
c
o
n
tr
o
l
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
.
Af
ter
r
ea
ch
in
g
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
to
th
e
o
p
er
ati
o
n
ar
ea
o
f
t
h
e
D
FIG
,
t
h
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
o
n
e.
Sc
h
e
m
atic
o
f
t
h
e
DFI
G
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
b
in
e
w
i
th
th
e
I
MC
s
h
o
w
in
g
r
eq
u
ir
ed
s
w
i
tch
es
f
o
r
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izat
io
n
i
s
d
ep
icted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
T
o
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
ize
th
e
D
FIG
w
it
h
th
e
g
r
id
,
SW
1
a
n
d
SW
2
s
w
i
tch
es
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
eq
u
en
ti
all
y
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ics
co
n
v
er
ter
is
en
er
g
ized
a
n
d
co
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
t
h
e
s
tato
r
v
o
lta
g
es
o
f
t
h
e
D
FIG
f
o
r
b
ein
g
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
to
th
e
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e
s
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
d
u
e
to
p
h
y
s
ical
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
w
i
n
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
r
o
to
r
,
it
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
ca
lib
r
ate
th
e
ze
r
o
-
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
en
co
d
er
an
g
l
e
w
it
h
th
e
ac
t
u
al
an
g
le
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
to
r
w
i
n
d
in
g
.
S
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
i
zin
g
t
h
e
DFI
G
an
d
ca
lib
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
en
co
d
er
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
a
m
e
cir
c
u
itr
y
,
i
n
p
o
in
t
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
.
I
n
b
o
th
ca
s
es,
SW
3
s
w
itc
h
is
o
p
en
a
n
d
th
e
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
t
is
ze
r
o
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
o
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I
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P
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w
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Dr
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t a
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g
l
e
is
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ed
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e
in
p
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t v
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g
le.
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o
s
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n
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t
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to
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y
n
c
h
r
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iz
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et
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as
m
e
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lier
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m
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le
m
en
ted
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n
th
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m
icr
o
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o
ller
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h
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g
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d
in
d
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ce
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s
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v
o
ltag
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b
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o
r
e
f
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,
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s
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g
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ch
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izatio
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h
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ar
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,
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ter
6
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m
s
th
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n
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s
w
it
h
th
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g
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ter
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s
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a
m
p
lit
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d
th
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ase
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o
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eq
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l
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i
s
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y
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ch
r
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i
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to
th
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tio
n
o
f
th
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
to
th
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g
r
id
is
s
af
e.
I
t
is
ev
id
en
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
th
at
th
e
i
n
d
u
ce
d
v
o
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g
es
in
t
h
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D
FIG
co
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ar
m
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ics.
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h
is
o
cc
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r
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d
u
e
to
o
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n
s
ex
is
t
in
t
h
e
r
o
to
r
cu
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
th
e
s
tato
r
v
o
ltag
e
s
ar
e
in
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
r
o
to
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
b
e
f
o
r
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
to
t
h
e
g
r
id
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’
y
,
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
d
-
ax
i
s
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
r
ef
er
en
ce
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
to
r
cu
r
r
en
t.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
-
ax
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c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
r
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er
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ce
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ch
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m
1
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d
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ter
1
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2
s
to
0
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5
E
rr
o
r!
Ref
er
ence
s
o
urce
no
t
f
o
un
d.
.
A
s
i
t
is
clea
r
f
r
o
m
th
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f
i
g
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r
e,
t
h
e
v
ec
to
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co
n
tr
o
l
w
o
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k
s
v
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y
w
ell
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n
d
th
e
r
ea
l
v
al
u
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tr
ac
k
t
h
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
w
it
h
a
cc
ep
tab
le
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
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p
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d
o
f
t
h
e
in
d
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ctio
n
m
o
to
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h
as
b
ee
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c
h
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g
ed
to
e
m
u
late
t
h
e
r
ea
l
w
i
n
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic.
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d
is
cu
s
s
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ea
r
lier
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th
e
q
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a
x
i
s
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
to
r
cu
r
r
en
t
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
in
j
ec
ted
to
th
e
u
tili
t
y
.
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h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
MP
PT
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
th
e
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
r
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er
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ce
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ac
h
ie
v
ed
f
r
o
m
a
lo
o
k
-
u
p
tab
le
th
at
th
e
in
p
u
t i
s
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
DFI
G
.
T
h
e
q
-
ax
is
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t o
f
t
h
e
r
o
to
r
cu
r
r
en
t f
o
r
th
e
MP
PT
tes
t is d
ep
icted
in
th
e
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
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e
r
ea
l
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d
r
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er
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v
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lu
e
s
in
t
h
i
s
f
i
g
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r
e
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
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PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
w
o
r
k
s
w
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i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
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in
j
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t m
ax
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m
u
m
p
o
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to
th
e
u
tili
t
y
.
a)
b)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
E
x
p
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i
m
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tal
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lts
o
f
s
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h
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o
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m
p
le
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in
t
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m
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8
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(
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lu
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
8
:
784
–
794
792
5.
DC
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Fro
m
p
r
ac
tical
p
o
in
t
o
f
v
ie
w
,
s
tar
tin
g
a
n
d
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izi
n
g
a
DFI
G
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
is
r
ea
ll
y
a
ch
alle
n
g
e
d
u
e
to
p
o
s
s
ib
le
i
n
r
u
s
h
cu
r
r
en
t
s
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
j
u
s
t
f
e
w
w
o
r
k
s
i
n
th
e
liter
at
u
r
e
s
tu
d
ied
D
FIG
s
af
e
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
to
th
e
g
r
id
w
it
h
t
h
e
b
ac
k
-
to
-
b
ac
k
co
n
v
er
ter
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
,
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e
f
f
icie
n
t
s
y
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h
r
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n
izatio
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m
et
h
o
d
is
u
s
ed
to
co
n
n
ec
t
D
FIG
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
ex
cited
b
y
a
n
i
n
d
ir
ec
t
m
atr
ix
co
n
v
er
ter
as
a
ca
n
d
id
ate
to
r
ep
lace
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
a
l
b
ac
k
-
to
-
b
ac
k
co
n
v
er
ter
d
u
e
to
its
m
er
it
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
eli
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
b
u
l
k
y
elec
tr
o
l
y
tic
ca
p
ac
ito
r
.
E
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
a
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
s
ca
le
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
e
n
ess
o
f
t
h
e
d
escr
ib
ed
m
eth
o
d
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
i
n
t
h
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
to
te
s
t
MP
PT
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
D
FIG
w
in
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
w
it
h
th
e
I
MC,
an
d
MP
P
T
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
v
er
if
ied
b
y
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
r
es
u
lts
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
R
ea
lizatio
n
o
f
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
in
j
ec
t
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
w
in
d
to
th
e
g
r
id
: th
e
q
-
a
x
is
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t o
f
th
e
r
o
to
r
cu
r
r
en
t
,
r
ef
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en
ce
(
r
ed
lin
e)
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
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Fig
u
r
e
10
.
Vec
to
r
co
n
tr
o
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th
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DFI
G
p
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f
o
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m
an
ce
r
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s
tep
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g
e
i
n
th
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
v
al
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o
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h
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d
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ax
is
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m
p
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n
en
t o
f
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r
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to
r
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r
r
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r
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ce
(
r
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lin
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an
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m
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s
u
r
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(
b
lu
e
lin
e)
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
L
,
“
R
z
V
A
In
d
irec
t
M
a
tri
x
Co
n
v
e
rter
a
n
d
Its
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
i
n
P
o
w
e
r
F
a
c
to
r
,
”
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s in
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
2
0
1
5
,
A
rti
c
le ID
7
4
0
4
7
0
,
1
0
p
a
g
e
s,
2
0
1
5
.
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
5
5
/2
0
1
5
/7
4
0
4
7
0
[2
]
Ra
h
im
i
M
,
P
a
rn
ian
i
M
.
Ef
f
i
c
ien
t
c
o
n
tro
l
sc
h
e
m
e
o
f
w
in
d
tu
rb
i
n
e
s
w
it
h
d
o
u
b
ly
f
e
d
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
g
e
n
e
ra
to
rs
f
o
r
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w
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
rid
e
-
th
ro
u
g
h
c
a
p
a
b
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ty
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t.
IET
Re
n
e
wa
b
le P
o
we
r Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
2
0
1
0
;
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
2
4
2
-
2
5
2
.
[3
]
Kia
ra
sh
A
,
M
u
rtaz
a
F
,
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
F
,
K.
Eff
ici
e
n
t
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
to
L
V
RT
Ca
p
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
DFI
G
-
Ba
s
e
d
W
in
d
T
u
rb
in
e
s
u
n
d
e
r
S
y
m
m
e
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
A
s
y
m
m
e
tri
c
a
l
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Dip
s
Us
in
g
Dy
n
a
m
ic
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Re
sto
re
r.
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
I
J
PE
DS
)
Vo
l
8
No
5
,
2
0
1
7
p
a
g
e
s 9
4
5
-
9
5
6
[4
]
Hu
a
G
,
Co
n
g
L
,
G
e
n
g
Y.
L
V
RT
Ca
p
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
DFIG
-
Ba
se
d
W
EC
S
Un
d
e
r
A
s
y
m
m
e
tri
c
a
l
G
rid
F
a
u
l
t
Co
n
d
it
io
n
.
IE
EE
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
El
e
c
tr
o
n
ics
2
0
1
3
;
v
o
l.
6
0
,
n
o
.
6
,
2
4
9
5
-
2
5
0
9
.
[5
]
V
e
n
u
M
a
d
h
a
v
G
,
Ob
u
les
u
Y.
P
.
,
A
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
ic
Co
n
tro
l
S
trate
g
y
fo
r
Do
u
b
ly
F
e
d
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
G
e
n
e
ra
to
r
f
o
r
Im
p
ro
v
e
d
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
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u
n
d
e
r
F
a
u
lt
y
Op
e
ra
ti
n
g
Co
n
d
it
i
o
n
s.
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
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n
a
l
J
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p
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[6
]
Kh
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h
a
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R.
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g
.
2
0
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3
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(
3
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6
7
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7
6
.
[7
]
M
y
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t
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A
,
Yu
z
a
n
a
K
y
a
in
g
N.
S
.
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tr
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iq
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n
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ms
(
I
J
PE
DS
)
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l
5
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5
,
2
0
1
5
[8
]
T
a
p
ia,
G
.
;
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a
n
tam
a
ria,
G
.
;
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ria,
M
.
;
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u
sp
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A
.
,
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th
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rg
y
Co
n
v
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rs
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sa
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4
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p
p
.
9
5
9
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9
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c
.
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0
0
9
[9
]
Co
rtaja
re
n
a
,
J.
A
.
;
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M
a
rc
o
s,
J
.
;
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lv
a
re
z
,
P
.
;
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ica
n
d
i,
F
.
J.;
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lk
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rta,
P
.
,
"
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tart
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p
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o
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tr
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o
f
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DFIG
w
in
d
tu
rb
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n
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tes
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rig
,
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2
0
1
1
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3
7
t
h
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l
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p
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0
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2
0
3
5
,
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0
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1
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0
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n
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Ch
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tru
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p
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8
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1
]
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a
d
a
ra
,
W
.
;
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a
m
m
a
n
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e
,
B.
,
"
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p
le
m
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s
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ly
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fe
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d
e
n
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s
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ste
m
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e
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trica
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g
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/
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e
c
tro
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mp
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ter
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mm
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fo
rm
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ECT
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ter
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a
l
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fer
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n
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p
p
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0
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1
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1
9
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1
M
a
y
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0
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2
]
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n
g
w
o
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P
a
rk
;
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m
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w
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so
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rk
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n
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c
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f
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ly
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d
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ra
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we
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ics
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d
Ap
p
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ti
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n
s,
2
0
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r
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p
p
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2
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3
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M
.
S
h
a
h
ro
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z
i,
R.
G
h
o
b
a
d
i
a
n
d
A
.
Ra
d
a
n
,
"
Us
in
g
v
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l
d
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p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
tro
l
f
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sy
n
c
h
ro
n
i
z
in
g
DFIG
w
it
h
g
rid
,
"
Po
we
r
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e
c
tro
n
ics
,
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
T
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c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
Co
n
fe
re
n
c
e
(
PE
DS
T
C),
2
0
1
4
5
t
h
,
T
e
h
r
a
n
,
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
.
9
6
-
1
0
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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4
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.
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a
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ra
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2
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5
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p
p
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0
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3
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.
[1
5
]
Am
in
i
J,
Ka
z
e
m
z
a
h
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d
R,
M
a
d
a
d
i
Ko
jab
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P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
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n
h
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n
c
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m
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in
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m
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tri
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v
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riab
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sp
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d
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ly
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d
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ti
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ra
to
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1
st
P
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r
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e
c
tro
n
ic
&
Dr
i
v
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S
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ste
ms
&
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c
h
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g
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fer
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c
e
(
PE
DS
T
C)
2
0
1
0
;
4
5
0
-
4
5
5
.
[1
6
]
Re
y
e
s
E,
P
e
n
a
R,
Ca
rd
e
n
a
s
R,
Clare
J,
W
h
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ler
P
.
Co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
a
Do
u
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ly
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f
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d
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d
u
c
ti
o
n
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e
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e
ra
to
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w
it
h
a
n
In
d
irec
t
M
a
tri
x
Co
n
v
e
rter w
it
h
c
h
a
n
g
in
g
[1
7
]
DC v
o
lt
a
g
e
.
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
I
n
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
i
c
s (
IS
IE)
2
0
1
0
;
1
2
3
0
-
1
2
3
5
.
[1
8
]
Ya
ra
h
m
a
d
i,
A
,
Kh
a
b
u
riDA
,
B
e
h
n
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.
Dire
c
t
V
irt
u
a
l
T
o
rq
u
e
Co
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tr
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l
o
f
DFI
G
g
rid
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
u
si
n
g
In
d
irec
t
M
a
tri
x
Co
n
v
e
rter.
3
rd
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
PE
DS
T
C)
2
0
1
2
;
1
1
5
-
1
2
0
.
[1
9
]
Ca
lv
il
lo
CF
,
M
a
rtellF
,
E
li
z
o
n
d
o
J
L
,
A
v
il
a
A
,
M
a
c
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M
E,
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e
ra
M
,
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d
rig
u
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t
o
r
c
u
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t
f
u
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y
c
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tro
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f
a
DFIG
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it
h
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n
In
d
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M
a
tri
x
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n
v
e
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3
7
t
h
An
n
u
a
l
Co
n
f
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re
n
c
e
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n
IEE
E
In
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
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S
o
c
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IECON
2
0
1
1
;
4
2
9
6
-
4
3
0
1
.
[2
0
]
Riv
e
ra
,
M
,
El
izo
n
d
o
JL
,
M
a
c
ias
M
E,
P
r
o
b
stOM
,
M
ich
e
l
o
u
d
OM,
Ro
d
rig
u
e
z
J,
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jas
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W
il
so
n
A
.
M
o
d
e
l
p
re
d
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c
o
n
tro
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f
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ly
F
e
d
In
d
u
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ti
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n
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ra
to
r
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it
h
a
n
In
d
irec
t
M
a
t
rix
Co
n
v
e
rter.
3
6
th
An
n
u
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
IEE
E
In
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
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c
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IE
CON
2
0
1
0
;
2
9
5
9
-
2
9
6
5
.
[2
1
]
W
e
n
lan
g
D,
Zh
i
y
o
n
g
C,
L
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m
in
g
Z,
Yu
Y.
Re
se
a
r
c
h
o
n
th
e
p
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rf
o
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a
n
c
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f
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v
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g
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rid
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th
ro
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g
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f
o
r
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o
u
b
ly
f
e
d
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
g
e
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ra
to
r
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x
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it
e
d
b
y
t
w
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-
sta
g
e
m
a
tri
x
c
o
n
v
e
rter.
IEE
E
6
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Po
we
r
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e
c
tro
n
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a
n
d
M
o
ti
o
n
Co
n
tro
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
IPE
M
C
2
0
0
9
;
6
3
8
-
6
4
3
.
[2
2
]
F
.
M
.
S
a
v
io
,
V
.
R.
Ra
jan
,
B.
A
ru
n
K
u
m
a
ra
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n
d
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S
.
A
.
S
e
k
h
a
r,
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e
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o
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a
n
c
e
a
n
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l
y
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o
f
a
n
im
p
ro
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d
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w
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
in
d
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t
m
a
tri
x
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o
n
v
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r
ter
f
o
r
d
riv
e
sy
ste
m
in
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ECS
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rg
in
g
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s
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w
&
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le
En
e
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s
An
d
E
n
e
rg
y
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
(
NCET
NRE
S
EM
),
2
0
1
4
IEE
E
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
On
,
Ch
e
n
n
a
i,
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
.
2
1
4
-
2
2
0
.
[2
3
]
M
ich
a
lk
e
G
.
V
a
r
iab
le
sp
e
e
d
w
i
n
d
tu
r
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in
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s
-
m
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li
n
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,
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tro
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,
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n
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im
p
a
c
t
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n
p
o
w
e
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s
y
ste
m
s.
Ph
D
T
h
e
sis,
Ri
so
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
L
a
b
o
r
a
to
ry
2
0
0
8
.
[2
4
]
Zerz
o
u
ri
N,
L
a
b
a
r
H.
A
c
ti
v
e
a
n
d
Re
a
c
ti
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
Co
n
tro
l
o
f
a
Do
u
b
ly
F
e
d
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
G
e
n
e
ra
to
r.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
I
J
PE
DS
)
Vo
l
5
N
o
2
,
2
0
1
4
p
a
g
e
s 2
4
4
-
2
5
1
[2
5
]
Ku
ld
e
e
p
B,
S
u
b
ra
t
B.
A
No
v
e
l
Co
n
tr
o
l
S
trate
g
y
o
f
In
d
irec
t
M
a
tri
x
Co
n
v
e
rter
Us
in
g
S
p
a
c
e
V
e
c
to
r
M
o
d
u
lati
o
n
.
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
P
EDS
)
V
o
l
7
N
o
3
,
2
0
1
6
p
a
g
e
s 9
2
6
-
9
3
5
[2
6
]
W
e
i
L
,
L
ip
o
TA
.
A
n
o
v
e
l
m
a
tri
x
c
o
n
v
e
rter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
w
it
h
sim
p
le
c
o
m
m
u
tatio
n
.
3
6
t
h
IEE
E
I
n
d
u
stry
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
IAS
2
0
0
1
.
[2
7
]
Na
n
n
a
p
a
n
e
n
i
L
,
G
o
p
a
la
Ra
o
V
.
,
C
o
n
tro
l
o
f
In
d
irec
t
M
a
tri
x
Co
n
v
e
rter
b
y
Us
in
g
I
m
p
ro
v
e
d
S
V
M
M
e
t
h
o
d
.
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
P
EDS
)
V
o
l
6
N
o
2
,
2
0
1
5
p
a
g
e
s 3
7
0
-
3
7
5
[2
8
]
G
o
les
tan
,
S
.
;
M
o
n
f
a
re
d
,
M
.
;
F
re
ij
e
d
o
,
F
.
D.,
"
De
sig
n
-
Orie
n
ted
S
t
u
d
y
o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
S
y
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
Re
fe
re
n
c
e
F
ra
m
e
P
h
a
se
-
L
o
c
k
e
d
L
o
o
p
s,"
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
6
5
,
7
7
8
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
3
[2
9
]
G
o
n
z
a
lez
-
Esp
in
,
F
.
;
F
ig
u
e
re
s,
E.
;
G
a
r
c
e
ra
,
G
.
,
"
A
n
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
S
y
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
-
Re
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
-
F
ra
m
e
P
h
a
se
-
L
o
c
k
e
d
L
o
o
p
f
o
r
P
o
w
e
r
Qu
a
li
t
y
I
m
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
a
P
o
ll
u
ted
Util
it
y
G
rid
,
"
In
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
,
v
o
l.
5
9
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
7
1
8
,
2
7
3
1
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
2
[3
0
]
,
,
A
L
z
,
O.
;
V
i
d
a
l,
A
.
;
Do
v
a
l
-
G
a
n
d
o
y
,
J.,
"
T
h
re
e
-
P
h
a
se
P
L
L
s
W
it
h
F
a
st
P
o
stf
a
u
lt
Re
trac
k
in
g
a
n
d
S
tea
d
y
-
S
tate
R
e
j
e
c
ti
o
n
o
f
Vo
lt
a
g
e
Un
b
a
lan
c
e
a
n
d
Ha
rm
o
n
ics
b
y
M
e
a
n
s
o
f
L
e
a
d
Co
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
,
"
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
i
c
s,
I
EE
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
2
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
5
,
9
7
,
J
a
n
.
2
0
1
1
[3
1
]
F
re
ij
e
d
o
,
F
.
D.;
D
o
v
a
l
-
Ga
n
d
o
y
,
J.;
L
o
p
e
z
,
O.;
A
c
h
a
,
E.
,
"
T
u
n
in
g
o
f
P
h
a
se
-
L
o
c
k
e
d
L
o
o
p
s
f
o
r
P
o
w
e
r
Co
n
v
e
rters
Un
d
e
r
Disto
rted
Util
it
y
Co
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s,"
In
d
u
stry
Ap
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
s,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
,
v
o
l.
4
5
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
0
3
9
,
2
0
4
7
,
No
v
.
-
d
e
c
.
2
0
0
9
AP
P
E
NDI
X:
P
ARAM
E
T
E
R
S O
F
T
H
E
S
T
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D
SY
ST
E
M
ARE AS F
O
L
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p
ar
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m
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s
:
L
m
=2
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H
L
ls
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lr
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4
.
5
m
H
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s
=R
r=
Ω
V
nom
=3
8
0
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nom
=1
.
5
k
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T
u
r
n
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=1
.
0
5
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GB
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y
p
e
: 1
MB
H3
0
D
C
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r
r
en
t Sen
s
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r
:
L
T
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5
-
NP
Vo
ltag
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Se
n
s
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r
:
A
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Mic
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o
co
n
tr
o
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:
SA
M7
X2
5
6
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