Internati
o
nal
Journal of P
o
wer Elect
roni
cs an
d
Drive
S
y
ste
m
(I
JPE
D
S)
Vol.
6, No. 4, Decem
ber
2015, pp. 747~
758
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
6
9
4
7
47
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJPEDS
A Novel Transi
en
t Current Limiter B
a
s
e
d on Three-Phase
Thyristor Bridge fo
r Y-yg Transformers
Al
ok
Ku
mar
Shri
v
ast
a
v
1
,
P
r
adip Kum
a
r Sad
h
u
2
, An
ku
r
Ganguly
1
, Nit
a
i Pa
l
2
1
Department of
Electrical Eng
i
n
eerin
g
,
BI
EMS,
West Bengal – 7
00141, India
2
Department of
Electrical Eng
i
n
eering
,
In
d
i
an
School of Min
e
s,
Dhanbad –
8260
04, India
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received
May 9, 2015
Rev
i
sed
Au
g 7, 201
5
Accepted Aug 28, 2015
The
trans
f
orm
e
r
in flux
curren
t
m
a
y
b
e
a
trans
i
ent
curren
t
tha
t
happens
in
ele
c
tri
cal d
e
vic
e
s
has
been charged.
This current depends on completely
differen
t
p
a
rameters probab
l
y
th
e vol
tage magnitude,
the switching on ang
l
e
the perm
anen
t flux, the
core ph
ys
ic
al phem
e
on
chara
c
t
e
ris
t
i
c
s
,
t
h
e prim
a
r
y
circu
it r
e
s
i
s
t
anc
e
,
et
c.
To b
eat
the
is
s
u
es
aris
ing o
w
ing to tr
ans
i
ent
s
, thes
e
ar
e
required
to
be suppressed.In
this
paper,
an eas
y
and economical techniqu
ie is
conferred
to li
m
it the transie
n
t current of t
h
e Y-
y
g
tr
ansform
e
rs. One
amongst the most benefit of
this t
echn
i
que
is it do
esn’t would lik
e
an
y
negative feedback circu
it
or ac
t
i
vit
y
unit
.
The t
act
ic
r
e
l
i
es
on a
three-ph
as
e
th
y
r
istors bridge
single RL reac
tor with the individual phases o
f
elec
tric
al
device. Sin
ce
the amount
of
th
y
r
isto
rs is
red
u
ced,
the vo
ltage ripp
le,
electrical
losses
and ther
efore the
malfun
ctio
n lik
elihood
due
to device
failur
e
is reduced
significantly
.
The
pr
o
j
ected technique
ha
s be
en simula
te
d
b
y
MATLAB s
i
mulation
.
It’s
shown that
the pr
ojected method is a
lot
of
economical for
the tr
ansient curr
en
t limitation
o
f
Y-
y
g
transformers.
Keyword:
Co
re Saturation
Harm
onic Rest
raint
RL Reactor
Transient Current
Copyright ©
201
5 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Alo
k
Kum
a
r
S
h
ri
vastav,
Depa
rtem
ent of Elect
ri
cal
E
n
gi
nee
r
i
n
g,
B
a
t
a
nagar
I
n
st
i
t
ut
e o
f
E
ngi
nee
r
i
n
g M
a
na
gem
e
nt
&
Sci
e
nce
(A
U
n
i
t
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
I
ndi
a
Gr
o
u
p
)
,
B7
-3
60
/
New,
W
a
rd No
. 30
,
Pu
tkh
a
li, Mah
e
sh
tala, Ko
l
k
ata
- 70
014
1West Ben
g
a
l,
In
d
i
a.
Em
ail: alok5497@gm
a
il.co
m
1.
INTRODUCTION
At the point
when a t
r
ans
f
ormer is
charged, a transie
n
t present,
k
n
o
w
n a
s
char
gi
n
g
In
r
u
sh
C
u
rre
nt
,
b
y
and
larg
e stream
s fo
r a little p
e
rio
d
o
f
t
i
m
e
u
n
til typ
i
c
a
l flu
x
con
d
itio
n
are secu
red. Am
id
m
o
st h
a
n
d
y
fram
e
wo
rk
co
nd
itio
n
s
, th
is
p
r
esen
t tran
sien
t
is o
f
a h
i
g
h
v
a
l
u
es, m
a
y b
e
the ten
tim
es th
e
fu
ll lo
ad
cu
rren
t
of
th
e tran
sfo
r
m
e
r. Th
is transient wh
ich
is
rich
in
all h
a
rm
o
n
i
cs h
a
s
b
een
foun
d
t
o
bring
ab
ou
t wid
e
bo
ilin
g o
v
er
d
i
stu
r
b
i
ng
inf
l
u
e
n
c
es in
in
f
l
uen
ce fr
am
ew
o
r
k
and
in
f
l
u
e
n
c
e su
pp
lies [
1
]-[2
].
Lately a f
e
w
ar
r
a
ng
em
en
ts h
a
v
e
been
pre
s
cri
b
e
d
to beat the issue
like
diode
bridge
with DC reactor a
nd
voltage s
o
urce
PW
M convert
e
r are
u
tilized
[3
],
puttin
g
th
e resistan
ce in
arrange
m
e
n
t
o
r
at th
e i
m
p
a
rtial p
o
i
nt to
th
e twis
ting
of tran
sf
ormers [4
].
These st
rat
e
gi
e
s
ha
ve som
e
di
sadva
nt
age l
i
k
e vol
t
a
g
e
d
r
o
p
or
nee
d
det
o
u
r
resi
st
ance
, e
x
t
r
a c
ont
r
o
l
ci
rcui
t
s
and e
x
cha
n
gi
n
g
ga
dget
s
. H
o
weve
r a few a
n
al
y
s
t
s
pr
op
os
ed di
f
f
ere
n
t
t
echni
que
s i
n
vi
ew o
f
fl
u
x
est
i
m
at
i
ons
[5
]. Be th
at as i
t
m
a
y,
m
easu
r
in
g th
is
p
a
ram
e
ter is no
t
h
e
lpfu
l as altern
ate
p
a
ram
e
ters.
The
pl
an
of t
h
i
s
pa
per
t
o
t
a
l
k
ab
out
t
h
e
sy
st
em
of co
m
put
i
ng t
r
an
si
ent
cu
rre
nt
an
d st
rat
e
gy
fo
r
lessen
i
ng
tran
sien
t presen
t
or
allev
i
a
tin
g
its en
d
e
avo
r
s in
t
h
ree stag
e tran
sfo
r
m
e
rs with an ex
tensiv
e
v
a
ri
ety o
f
attractive and e
l
ectrical design.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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.
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74
8
2.
STRUC
TURE OF TR
AN
SFORM
E
R COR
E
Th
ree-stag
e tran
sform
e
rs co
n
t
rast
o
n
e
fro
m
th
e o
t
h
e
r bo
th
in th
ei
r attractiv
e an
d wi
n
d
i
ng
association. T
h
e attractive ci
rcu
it o
f
3-stag
e tran
sform
e
rs
can take a
n
y of the structures
indicated i
n
Fi
gures
1(a
)
, 1
(
b) a
n
d
1(c)
. Just
t
h
e
i
n
st
an
ce o
f
t
h
e t
r
ansf
orm
e
r ban
k
s
dem
onst
r
at
ed in Figure 1(a) a
g
ree
s
to the
co
nfin
em
en
ts fo
rced
on
th
e mag
n
e
tic circuit to
p
e
rmit
it
t
o
b
e
enun
ciated
to
b
y
a so
litary stag
e
m
o
del. Th
e
t
h
ree-l
i
m
b an
d
fi
ve
-l
i
m
b
m
a
gnet
i
c
co
res
de
m
onst
r
at
ed i
n
Fi
gu
res
1
(
a)
an
d
1(c
)
i
s
m
o
re
per
p
l
e
xi
ng
bec
a
use
of
th
e coup
ling
between
t
h
e
d
i
fferen
t
lim
b
s
.
Fi
gu
re
1(a
)
.
M
a
gnet
i
c
c
o
re
o
f
t
h
ree
p
h
ase t
r
a
n
sf
orm
e
r ba
n
k
Fi
gu
re
1(
b
)
. T
h
ree-l
i
m
b M
a
gn
et
i
c
C
o
re
Fi
gu
re
1(c
)
.
Fi
ve-l
i
m
b
m
a
gne
t
i
c
core
In
th
is
work, th
e attractiv
e circu
its of the in
d
i
vidual stages are consi
d
ered
to
tally free,
wh
ich
en
tirely ap
p
lies j
u
st to
tran
sfo
r
m
e
r b
a
nk
s.
Non
e
th
eless,
as th
is wo
rk
fo
cu
ses essen
tially o
n
th
e
d
e
termin
atio
n
of t
h
e t
r
a
n
si
en
t
curre
nt
un
der
sat
u
rat
e
d co
n
d
i
t
i
ons
, t
h
e
mag
n
e
tic circu
its d
e
m
o
n
s
trated
in
Fi
gu
res
1(b) and
1(c
)
ca
n
be a
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
at
ed t
o
t
h
ree
di
ffe
rent
m
a
gnet
i
c
ci
rc
ui
t
s
.
3.
ANALYSIS OF TRANSIENT CURRENT
T
r
ansie
n
t current in t
r
ans
f
ormer res
u
lts from
an
y su
dd
en
ch
ang
e
i
n
t
h
e ch
ar
g
i
ng
vo
ltag
e
.
The
t
r
ansi
ent
c
u
rre
nt
wa
vef
o
rm
cont
ai
n
s
a s
u
bst
a
nt
i
a
l
an
d
du
ra
bl
e DC
s
e
gm
ent
and
h
a
rm
oni
cs [
5
]
.
It
m
a
y
accom
p
lish expansive
crest
qualities towa
rd
the
starting
rots signif
ica
n
tly after a
c
o
uple
of sec
o
nd, yet
its ful
l
rot
hap
p
e
n
s
w
h
en
a fe
w sec
o
n
d
s.
A
wa
ve
f
o
rm
of re
g
u
lar
transie
n
t current is dem
onst
r
ated in Figure 2.
It
sh
ow
s even har
m
o
n
i
c w
ithou
t a
do
ub
t and
RL
b
a
lan
c
e of
sh
if
ted
exten
t
s r
e
gu
lar
l
y co
m
p
r
i
sing
of
h
i
gh
est
i
m
a
ti
on of
s
econ
d
ha
rm
oni
c.
Fi
gu
re
2.
Tra
n
s
i
ent
cu
rre
nt
of
t
r
ans
f
o
r
m
e
r at
10
0%
n
o
m
i
nal
vol
t
a
ge
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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PED
S
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:
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8-8
6
9
4
A Novel Transi
ent Cur
r
ent
Limiter Based on Th
ree Ph
ase Th
yristo
r Bridg
e
fo
r Y-yg
.... (Alo
k Kuma
r
S
.
)
74
9
4.
THREE SINGLE -PHASE
TR
AN
SFORM
E
R CONNEC
TED
WI
TH
TCL IN SE
RIES
The
TCL, i
ndi
cated in Figure
3,
ha
s a
low
resistance c
u
rl
with a
spe
c
ific end
goal to increase
better
resul
t
s
. T
h
e arr
a
ngem
e
nt
TC
L i
s
st
rai
ght
fo
r
w
ard a
nd
wo
rk
s i
n
t
w
o m
odes.
The p
r
i
n
ci
pal
m
ode i
s
t
h
e chargi
ng
m
ode and the second one is the releasing m
ode. At the
po
int wh
en
th
e transform
e
r is e
m
p
o
wered
,
on
e sets o
f
Thyristor
(e.g.
T1 a
n
d T
4
or
T2 a
n
d T
3
) is
on, s
o
t
h
e RL
current
react
or drives
in a
r
ra
ngem
e
nt with
source
and tra
n
sform
e
r.
\
Fi
gu
re
3.
Eq
ui
val
e
nt
ci
rc
ui
t
o
f
t
h
ree,
si
n
g
l
e
-
pha
se TC
Ls
Unde
r this condition,
on account
of the c
onstant
cha
nge i
n
the line c
u
rrent, the
voltage drop
(L
TCL
(di
1
/
d
t)) will
create a
b
l
o
c
kin
g
im
p
act in
th
e circu
it,
so th
e
p
l
en
tifu
l
ness of t
h
e t
r
ansien
t curren
t
l
e
ssens
significa
ntly. T
h
e
prese
n
t m
a
them
atical state
m
ent in
ch
ar
gi
ng
m
ode i
s
c
o
m
posed, as
t
a
k
e
s aft
e
r
[
5
]
.
(/
)
12
22
)
2
2
2
()
s
i
n
(
)
s
i
n
(
)
()
(
(
)
(
)
RL
t
TF
TF
VV
Vp
Vp
it
e
w
t
w
t
R
R
Rw
L
R
w
L
(1)
whe
r
e
TCL
P
R
R
R
(R
p
is t
h
e resistance in
th
e essen
tial sid
e
of th
e tran
sfo
r
m
e
r and
R
TCL
is the RL
reactor
resistance), L
= L
p
+ L
TCL
+ L
m
(L
p
is th
e le
ak
ag
e
sp
illag
e
in
du
ctan
ce i
n
th
e essen
tial sid
e
o
f
t
h
e transform
e
r
and L
TCL
is the RL reactor inductan
ce a
nd L
m
is
the chargi
ng indu
ctance of the tra
n
sform
e
r),
V
TF
is th
e
forward
th
yristo
r
v
o
ltag
e
d
r
op
and
is th
e crest p
l
en
tifu
l
ness o
f
th
e
u
tility v
o
ltag
e
. L
TC
L
is the RL r
eactor
inductance
and L
m
is th
e mag
n
e
tizing
i
n
du
ctan
ce of t
h
e transfo
r
m
e
r),
V
TF
is th
e forward
t
h
yristor vo
ltag
e
d
r
op
an
d V
p
is
th
e p
e
ak
am
p
litu
d
e
of th
e u
tility v
o
ltag
e
.
()
TC
L
it
i
ar
ct
an
Lw
R
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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,
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.
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D
ecem
b
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2
015
:
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7 – 758
75
0
It
ou
ght
t
o
be
not
i
ced t
h
at
t
h
e pol
ari
z
i
n
g i
n
duct
a
nce o
f
t
h
e t
r
ansf
orm
e
r i
s
not
co
nsi
s
t
e
n
t
and can be
p
a
rtitio
n
e
d
in
t
o
two
section
s
:
On
e is th
e soak
ed
i
n
du
ctan
ce an
d
th
e secon
d
o
n
e
is
n
o
t
-i
mmersed
in
ductan
ce.
In
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r, th
e tran
sform
e
r is
con
s
id
ered
in
immersio
n
m
o
d
e
[6
].
Th
e ch
arg
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
pro
ceed
s
un
til th
e
TCL curren
t
ach
i
ev
es its first crest.
At th
at
po
in
t,
t
h
e
rel
easi
n
g
m
ode wi
l
l
begi
n
a
n
d
ca
n
pr
ocee
d f
o
r
a fe
w
cycles. In
th
is
co
nd
itio
n, all t
h
yristors are
on
as d
e
m
o
n
s
trated
in Figu
re
3. Th
eref
ore t
h
e circle m
a
th
e
m
atica
l
state
m
ent can
be c
o
m
posed a
s
takes a
f
ter
20
.
TCL
TC
L
T
CL
T
C
L
T
F
di
LR
i
V
dt
(2)
In th
e
releasing
m
o
d
e
, t
h
e TCL
curren
t
is
written
as fo
llows
TCL
TF
TCL
TF
t
L
R
TCL
R
V
R
V
i
e
i
TCL
TCL
2
2
max
)
/
(
(
3
)
After a few c
y
cles, the a
b
unda
ncy
of the
RL
reactor c
u
rrent i
n
the
AC
struct
ure
((di
TC
L
/d
t) =
0)
di
m
i
ni
shes t
o
a
c
hi
eve t
h
e
or
di
nary
ci
rc
ui
t
c
u
r
r
ent
.
Th
us
, t
h
e
TC
L d
o
es
n
o
t
have
any
i
m
pr
essi
ve i
m
pact
on
t
h
e
typ
i
cal
m
o
d
e
o
p
e
ration
of th
e fram
e
wo
rk
. Th
e esti
m
a
ti
on of inductance in the TCL is critical. By expandi
ng
L
TCL
, th
e tran
sien
t cu
rren
t ad
eq
u
acy will d
i
min
i
sh
a g
r
eat d
eal [7
], so
th
e tran
sien
t cu
rrent an
d
its resu
lts can
be
di
sp
ose
d
of
.
The
r
e a
r
e a
fe
w r
e
st
ri
ct
i
ons
t
o
build the i
nductance, as
i
n
dicated in
(4), i.e;
ma
x
4l
n
2
/
2
pT
C
L
TCL
pm
TS
TF
TS
TF
RR
T
L
LL
VV
VV
R
i
(4)
Whe
r
e R
p
is the resistance in the prim
ar
y si
d
e
of
th
e tr
an
sf
or
m
e
r
,
R
TCL
is the resistanc
e
of t
h
e RL
reactor, L
p
is th
e sp
illag
e
indu
ctan
ce in
t
h
e p
r
im
ary sid
e
o
f
th
e tran
sfo
r
m
e
r and
L
m
is th
e charging inductanc
e
o
f
th
e tran
sformer, V
TF
is th
e Th
yristor fo
rward
vo
ltag
e
drop
and
V
TS
is
the norm
al of the redresse
d
source
voltage
. Figure
3 dem
onstrates the TCL for
a three-sta
g
e
transform
e
r. As indicated in Fi
gure 4, the
pri
m
ary
wi
n
d
i
n
g
vol
t
a
g
e
an
d c
u
r
r
ent
o
f
t
h
ree-
ph
ase t
r
ansf
o
r
m
e
rs, t
hou
g
h
Fi
gu
re
5
di
spl
a
y
s
ho
w i
t
can
be
rest
ri
ct
ed
by
the TCL.
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S
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6
9
4
A Novel Transi
ent Cur
r
ent
Limiter Ba
sed on Th
ree Ph
ase Th
yristo
r Bridg
e
for Y
-
y
g
.
...
(
A
lok Kum
a
r
S.)
75
1
Fi
gu
re
4.
V
o
l
t
a
ge a
n
d
C
u
rre
nt
o
f
P
h
ase
A,
B
,
& C
wi
t
h
out
T
C
L
Fi
gu
re
5
V
o
l
t
a
ge a
n
d
C
u
rre
nt
o
f
P
h
ase
A,
B
,
& C
wi
t
h
TC
L
5.
PROP
OSE
D
TCL
As dem
onst
r
at
ed
i
n
Fi
g
u
re
3, t
h
e
transient c
u
rrent
of t
h
e three-sta
g
e tra
n
s
f
orm
e
r can be
cont
rolled
by
u
tilizin
g
twelve th
yristo
r of th
e arrang
em
en
t TCL. Th
ro
ugh
th
ese th
yrist
o
r, ex
ten
s
i
v
e cu
rren
t of th
e stack
ed
t
r
ans
f
o
r
m
e
rs stream
s. C
onseq
uent
l
y
t
h
ey
ar
e expe
nsi
v
e a
n
d d
u
e t
o
g
e
t
t
i
ng ol
d, t
h
e
vol
t
a
ge d
r
o
p
or c
u
rre
nt
swel
l
m
a
y
be expa
n
d
ed am
i
d
t
h
e t
y
pi
cal
ope
rat
i
on m
ode.
T
h
e ne
w a
rra
ng
em
ent
,
whi
c
h i
s
i
ndi
cat
ed i
n
Fi
gu
re
5
,
ju
st
u
s
es si
x
th
yristo
rs as a
TCL in
Y-y
g
tran
sform
e
rs.
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I
S
SN
:
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94
I
J
PED
S
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
4
,
D
ecem
b
er
2
015
:
74
7 – 758
75
2
Fi
gu
re
5.
Pr
o
p
o
se
d TC
L c
o
n
n
ect
ed t
o
Y-y
g
t
r
ans
f
orm
e
r
The o
p
erat
i
o
n
of t
h
e ne
w TC
L can be sepa
r
a
t
e
d i
n
t
o
t
w
o
ope
rat
i
o
n m
odes;
chargi
ng a
nd rel
easi
n
g
m
o
d
e
s. At in
itial, o
n
e of th
e t
h
ree t
h
yristors
o
f
T1
, T2
and
T3
an
d
on
e
o
f
t
h
e three th
yrist
o
rs
of T4
, T5
an
d
T6
are in th
e ON state. At th
at
poin
t
, th
e circle,
wh
ich
is
d
e
m
o
n
s
trated in Figu
re 6, is
fram
e
d
an
d th
e presen
t can
b
e
acqu
ired.
In th
is
p
a
p
e
r, th
e reco
m
p
en
se cu
rren
t
is
di
sre
g
arde
d.
T
o
i
d
e
n
t
i
fy
t
h
e
phenomenon, the
m
o
st ideal
way is
m
easu
r
in
g
th
e three stag
e v
o
ltag
e
s b
e
tween
th
e TCL an
d
th
e gro
und
[8
]-[1
3
]
. Th
is co
nd
ition
will
p
r
o
ceed
u
n
til th
e TCL current ach
iev
e
s th
e
first crest.
At
th
at po
in
t, th
e releasin
g
m
o
d
e
will b
e
g
i
n
and
can
p
r
o
ceed
fo
r a
few cycles. For
th
is situ
atio
n
,
all th
e th
yris
to
rs are in
on
state so
th
e
RL reacto
rs
cu
rren
t will
b
e
released i
n
circ
les.
Fi
gu
re 6.
C
o
i
l
char
gi
n
g
m
ode
5.
1.
CH
AR
GIN
G
MO
DE
According to Figure
6, t
h
e circle com
p
arison w
i
t
h
di
sre
g
a
r
d
i
ng R
1
a
n
d L
1
i
s
com
m
uni
cated as
,
C
h
ar
gi
n
g
m
e
t
hod
o
f
c
o
nd
uct
i
n
g
coi
l
11
11
s
i
n
(
30)
2
2
2
2
LL
p
p
TF
T
C
L
T
C
L
di
d
i
d
Vw
t
R
i
L
V
L
R
i
dt
dt
d
t
(5)
Differen
tiatin
g (5
) lead
s t
o
the fo
llo
wi
n
g
equ
a
tio
n
(6
)
It is clear t
h
at
22
2
11
1
1
22
2
co
s(
3
0
)
2
2
2
LL
p
p
TCL
T
CL
d
i
di
di
d
i
d
wV
wt
R
L
L
R
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
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I
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PED
S
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:
208
8-8
6
9
4
A Novel Transi
ent Cur
r
ent
Limiter Ba
sed on Th
ree Ph
ase Th
yristo
r Bridg
e
for Y
-
y
g
.
...
(
A
lok Kum
a
r
S.)
75
3
1
mc
it
i
t
i
t
(7)
c
c
i
R
dt
d
(
8
)
A
nd
dt
di
L
dt
di
di
d
dt
d
m
m
m
m
*
(
9
)
Utilizing (7),
(8) and
(9), the
accom
p
an
ying com
p
arison
is comm
unicated
as
dt
d
L
R
dt
di
R
dt
d
m
c
c
1
2
2
(
1
0)
Su
ppl
a
n
t
i
n
g
(
1
0)
i
n
(6
),
p
r
om
pt
s (
1
1)
.
22
11
1
1
1
22
co
s
(
30)
2
2
2
(
)
c
LL
p
p
T
C
L
T
C
L
c
m
R
d
i
di
di
d
i
d
i
d
wV
wt
R
L
L
R
R
dt
d
t
dt
L
d
t
dt
dt
(11)
C
o
m
p
ari
s
on
(
5
) ca
n
be re
vi
se
d i
n
the ac
com
p
anying
struct
ure
E
wt
D
Ci
dt
di
B
dt
i
d
A
)
sin(
1
1
2
1
2
(12)
W
h
er
e
C
TCL
p
m
R
L
L
L
A
2
m
TCL
p
c
TCL
p
m
L
L
L
R
R
R
L
B
2
2
)
2
(
22
2
2
2,
,
2
,
3
0
,
c
o
s
()
cm
L
L
pT
C
L
L
L
T
F
c
RL
w
V
CR
R
D
V
E
V
D
R
Using La
place
transform
,
(12)
can be re
written,
a
s
follows
2'
22
si
n(
)
c
o
s
(
)
((
)
(
0
)
(
0
)
)
(
(
)
(
0
)
)
(
)
s
wE
A
s
I
s
sI
I
B
sI
s
I
CI
s
D
S
sw
(
1
3)
C
onse
q
uent
l
y
22
2
2
2
2
2
si
n
c
o
s
s
E
Is
D
D
s
As
Bs
C
s
A
s
B
s
C
s
As
Bs
C
(14)
Utilizing the
inverse
La
place transform
,
the transie
n
t curre
nt som
e
where a
r
o
und 0
a
n
d
T/4
can be dictated by
the accom
p
any
i
ng m
a
them
a
t
ical
12
3
4
()
s
i
n
(
)
Ft
G
t
mm
m
m
it
i
e
i
e
i
w
t
i
(15)
4
3
2
1
)
sin(
)
(
m
m
Gt
m
Ft
m
i
wt
i
e
i
e
i
t
i
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
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-86
94
I
J
PED
S
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
4
,
D
ecem
b
er
2
015
:
74
7 – 758
75
4
w
h
er
e
1
22
22
()
c
o
s
(
)
()
()
(
)
(
)
(
m
ED
F
S
i
n
D
w
i
FF
G
F
GF
w
F
G
F
w
2
22
22
si
n
(
)
c
os
(
)
()
()
(
)
()
(
)
m
ED
G
D
w
i
GG
F
GF
G
w
GF
G
w
2
3
2
4
3
)
2
2
(
)
(
4
2
w
wFG
G
F
w
wD
i
m
4
m
E
i
GF
2
4
2
B
BA
C
F
A
,
2
4
2
B
BA
C
G
A
32
42
3
2
(2
2
)
c
o
s
(
)
(
2
(
)
)
s
i
n
(
)
co
s
(
)
4(
)
(
2
2
)
wFG
w
w
F
G
wF
G
w
F
G
w
As gi
ven i
n
(15), the
princi
ple a piece of the pres
e
n
t in c
h
ar
gi
ng m
ode s
o
m
e
where around
0 and
T/
4
co
m
p
r
i
ses
o
f
t
w
o ex
pon
en
tial and on
e sinu
so
id
al
seg
m
en
t.
Sin
c
e F and G
ar
e
n
e
g
a
tiv
e, t
h
ese two
expon
en
tial
p
a
rts will
ro
t.
5.
2.
RELEASING
MODE
The sec
o
nd m
e
thod
of t
h
e TC
L is the
releasing m
ode
, s
o
the circle com
p
arison ca
n
be c
o
m
posed by
the accom
p
any
i
ng m
a
them
a
t
ical state
m
ent
0
2
d
t
di
R
d
t
di
L
V
TCL
TCL
TCL
TCL
TF
(16)
Exp
l
ain
i
ng
th
e
math
e
m
atica
l
state
m
en
t fo
r i(t) we
h
a
v
e
(/
)
(
(
/
4
)
)
max
22
TC
L
T
CL
RL
t
T
TF
T
F
TCL
TCL
VV
ie
i
RR
(17)
Whe
r
e t
h
e m
o
s
t
extrem
e curre
n
t i
ma
x
is in
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
as
an
i
n
trodu
ctory con
d
ition
for (1
6).
As is g
i
ven
i
n
(17
)
, th
e
first
part of th
e m
a
th
e
m
atical sta
t
e
m
en
t is
ex
pon
en
tial with
a
n
e
g
a
tiv
e ex
am
p
l
e
,
so it will d
ecay after
a fe
w cycles.
5.
3.
PREFERRED
V
A
L
U
E FOR L
TCL
Since the c
o
mputation of L
TC
L
fro
m
th
e q
u
ad
ratic m
a
th
e
m
atical
state
m
en
t is len
g
t
h
y
, b
y
exp
ecting
R
c
huge
, the levels of (5)
will lessening to one. By e
xplaining the lessene
d request
m
a
th
em
atical statem
ent,
i(t) can be
c
o
mm
unicated by t
h
e acc
om
panying com
p
arison
(/
)
12
22
)
2
2
2
()
s
i
n
(
3
0
)
s
i
n
(
3
0
)
()
(
(
)
(
)
RL
t
L
LT
F
L
L
T
F
VV
V
V
it
e
w
t
w
t
R
R
Rw
L
R
w
L
(18)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PED
S
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
6
9
4
A Novel Transi
ent Cur
r
ent
Limiter Ba
sed on Th
ree Ph
ase Th
yristo
r Bridg
e
for Y
-
y
g
.
...
(
A
lok Kum
a
r
S.)
75
5
whe
r
e
arct
an
Lw
R
and t
1
is
th
e b
e
g
i
nn
i
n
g
m
o
men
t
. In
th
i
s
circu
m
stan
ce, sub
s
titu
ting
t
h
e i
ma
x
in i (t),
(1
8)
is comm
unicated as
[10]
)
1
(
2
)
4
/
(
max
L
RT
TF
TS
e
R
V
V
i
(19)
Whe
r
e T
is the
pe
rio
d
of t
h
e
p
o
we
r
fre
q
u
enc
y
and
V
TS
=
(2
2
/
)V
is
the ave
r
a
g
e
of
the rectifie
d s
o
urce
vol
t
a
ge
.
max
2
2
ln
4
Ri
V
V
V
V
T
L
R
TF
TS
TF
TS
(
2
0)
B
y
,
t
h
e pre
f
er
r
e
d val
u
e f
o
r L
TCL
in
th
r
e
e-
ph
ase Y-
yg
po
w
e
r
tr
an
s
f
orm
e
rs is comm
unicated as
ma
x
22
4
l
n
(
(2
)
/
(2
)
)
TC
L
p
m
TS
T
T
S
T
F
RT
L
LL
VV
VV
R
i
(21)
6.
RESUL
T
S AND
DIS
C
USSI
ONS
Th
e sim
u
latio
n
resu
lts are com
p
le
ted
in a
MA
TLAB
situatio
n
.
Th
e simu
latio
n p
a
ram
e
ters are
g
i
ven
i
n
T
a
bl
e
1.
Fi
g
u
re
7
(
a)
an
d
7(
b)
dem
onst
r
at
e
s
t
h
e t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r t
r
a
n
si
ent
v
o
l
t
a
ge an
d
cu
rre
nt
o
f
p
h
ase
A,
B
a
n
d
C. Un
d
e
r th
is
co
nd
itio
n, th
e
n
e
w
TCL
lim
i
t
s
th
e
n
o
-lo
a
d
cu
rren
t t
o
800
,
5
0
and
3
0
A
in ph
ases
A, B an
d C
,
sep
a
rately
.
As
in
d
i
cated
in
Fig
u
re 4(a) and
4
(
b
)
, th
e tran
si
en
t vo
ltag
e
and
curren
t
witho
u
t
u
tilizin
g
the
TCL
can
surp
ass
p
a
st 5
0
0
0
A
o
r
it
can
ach
iev
e
100A
u
tilizin
g
the
o
r
d
i
n
a
ry
TCL
(ind
icated
in Fig
u
re 3).
Figu
re
8
(
a)
an
d 8
(
b
)
d
e
m
o
n
s
trates
th
e sim
u
la
tio
n
resu
lt
of
t
h
ree
p
h
a
se vo
ltag
e
and cu
rren
t
withou
t
u
tilizin
g
o
f
tran
sien
t
cu
rren
t lim
iter
(TCL) and
do
ub
le tun
e
d h
a
rmo
n
i
c
filter
.
Fi
gu
re
7
V
o
l
t
a
ges a
n
d C
u
rre
n
t
s of
P
h
ase
A,
B
,
& C
wi
t
h
T
C
L
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-86
94
I
J
PED
S
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
4
,
D
ecem
b
er
2
015
:
74
7 – 758
75
6
Tabl
e 1.
Si
m
u
l
a
t
i
on
pa
ram
e
ters
Para
m
e
ter Value Para
m
e
ter
Value
R
p
0.
65
Ω
L
TC
L
0.
8H
R
1
0.
05
Ω
R
TC
L
0.
03
Ω
L
p
0.
0025H
V
TF
10V
L
1
0.
001H
ω
314.
15
L
m
0.
9H
S
20
M
V
A
R
c
2000
Ω
V
LL
2000(
V
rm
s
)
Fi
gu
re
8(a
)
.
Si
m
u
l
a
t
i
on o
u
t
c
o
m
e of t
h
ree
p
h
a
se -
Fi
g
u
re
8
(
b
)
.
Si
m
u
lat
i
on
out
c
o
m
e
of
t
h
ree
p
h
ase
-
v
o
ltag
e
wit
h
out TCL and
h
a
rm
o
n
i
c filter.
cu
rren
t
withou
t TC
L and
h
a
rm
o
n
i
c filter.
Fi
gu
re
9(a
)
,
9(
b) a
n
d 1
0
(
a
),
10
(
b
)
del
i
n
eat
e
t
h
e ha
rm
oni
c i
nvest
i
g
at
i
o
n
f
o
r t
h
e t
r
a
n
sf
or
m
e
r vol
t
a
g
e
an
d
curren
t
in
th
ree
p
h
a
ses,
with
u
tilizin
g
TCL.
An
ex
amin
atio
n
o
f
t
h
ese
figu
res d
e
m
o
n
s
trates
th
at u
tilizin
g
t
h
e p
r
o
p
o
sed
TC
L
com
e
s abo
u
t
as a
part
of t
h
e l
e
sseni
ng
of t
h
e a
b
u
nda
ncy
o
f
t
h
e
t
r
ansi
ent
vol
t
a
ge an
d
current by wea
k
eni
n
g the R
L
segm
ent.
Fi
gu
re
9(a
)
.
Si
m
u
l
a
t
i
on o
u
t
c
o
m
e of
three
pha
s
e
-
Fi
gu
re 9(
b
)
. Si
m
u
l
a
t
i
on o
u
t
c
om
e
o
f
thr
e
e phase
-
voltag
e
with
TCL
and
h
a
rm
o
n
i
c filter
.
cu
rrent
with
TCL
an
d h
a
rm
o
n
i
c filter
.
Fi
gu
re
1
0
(a
)
T
o
t
a
l
Ha
rm
oni
c Di
st
ort
i
o
n
wi
t
h
out
TC
L
Fi
gu
re
1
0
(
b
)
T
o
t
a
l
Harm
oni
c
D
i
st
ort
i
o
n
wi
t
h
TC
L
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.