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JP
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DS
So
la
r Drying
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hno
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a
n O
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Ah
m
a
d F
ud
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li
1
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r
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w
a
n
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do
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a
ni De
s
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4
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a
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a
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m
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S
o
lar
En
e
rg
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e
a
rc
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stit
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te
,
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b
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n
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s M
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Un
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Kh
a
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d
o
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nfo
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ticle
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to
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R
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r
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2
0
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ev
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J
u
l 4
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cc
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Sep
1
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2
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T
h
e
m
o
st
i
m
p
o
rtan
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e
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f
it
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f
s
o
lar
e
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e
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re
n
e
w
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b
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n
d
lo
w
p
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tan
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so
u
rc
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f
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e
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(
c
lea
n
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).
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g
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re
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lr
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d
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v
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o
lar
d
r
y
in
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
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(S
D
T)
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
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m
o
st
a
tt
ra
c
ti
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a
n
d
p
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isin
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a
p
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lar
e
n
e
rg
y
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
In
th
is
p
a
p
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th
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a
ri
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s
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rf
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a
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in
In
d
o
n
e
sia
a
re
su
m
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a
rize
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w
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ll
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ty
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-
t
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e
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a
re
re
m
a
rk
a
b
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ll
su
it
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d
to
d
ry
in
g
s
m
a
ll
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a
n
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ti
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les
a
n
d
f
ru
it
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e
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o
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se
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sc
a
le.
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re
e
n
h
o
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se
a
n
d
h
y
b
rid
S
DT
s
a
re
su
it
a
b
le
f
o
r
u
se
o
n
a
larg
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sc
a
l
e
b
y
in
d
u
str
ies
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
E
n
er
g
y
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
E
x
er
g
y
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
Mo
is
tu
r
e
co
n
te
n
t
So
lar
d
r
y
i
n
g
So
lar
en
er
g
y
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
201
8
In
s
t
it
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
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d
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n
g
i
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e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Ah
m
ad
Fu
d
h
o
li
,
So
lar
E
n
er
g
y
R
esear
c
h
I
n
s
t
itu
t
e,
Un
iv
er
s
iti Ke
b
an
g
s
aa
n
Ma
l
a
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ia,
4
3
6
0
0
B
an
g
i Sela
n
g
o
r
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Ma
la
y
s
ia.
E
m
ail:
a.
f
u
d
h
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li@
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ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
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Du
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to
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en
t tr
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el,
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ab
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ab
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[
1
]
-
[
8
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
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,
s
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lar
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g
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s
v
ital
to
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s
u
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co
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it
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as
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.
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s
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a
n
at
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r
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o
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er
g
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n
o
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x
ti
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t a
n
d
al
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v
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m
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tal
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As
s
u
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m
en
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o
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s
o
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ti
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a
s
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u
n
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ce
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en
a
n
d
w
ill
co
n
ti
n
u
e
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
m
ai
n
l
y
b
y
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
[
9
]
-
[
1
8
]
.
So
lar
en
er
g
y
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
e
d
ev
er
s
in
ce
to
d
r
y
f
o
o
d
,
ag
r
icu
lt
u
r
al
p
r
o
d
u
ce
,
m
ar
in
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p
r
o
d
u
cts,
h
er
b
s
a
n
d
s
o
o
n
.
C
u
r
r
en
t
l
y
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th
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d
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p
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s
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s
tr
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s
u
c
h
a
s
f
ab
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s
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,
p
ap
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in
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u
s
tr
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,
ce
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am
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an
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o
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.
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n
b
e
d
o
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e
eith
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ir
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t
s
u
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s
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d
r
y
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s
(
in
d
ir
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t
d
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in
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)
.
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tr
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e
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k
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b
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p
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tr
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C
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v
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ca
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m
ad
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T
r
a
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w
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r
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A
d
d
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all
y
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e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
S
o
la
r
Dryin
g
Tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
:
a
n
Ove
r
view
(
A
h
ma
d
F
u
d
h
o
li
)
1805
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
a
g
iv
e
n
co
m
m
o
d
it
y
ca
n
b
e
q
u
ite
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n
g
a
n
d
r
esu
lt
i
n
p
o
s
t
-
h
ar
v
est
lo
s
s
es
[
1
9
]
-
[
2
0
]
.
So
lar
d
r
y
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(
SDT
)
is
in
tr
o
d
u
c
ed
f
o
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
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(
i)
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f
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lar
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ea
,
(
ii)
n
o
t
d
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en
d
i
n
g
o
n
w
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th
er
co
n
d
it
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,
(
iii)
clea
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q
u
alit
y
o
f
co
m
m
o
d
ities
,
(
iv
)
h
i
g
h
er
d
r
y
in
g
ef
f
icien
c
y
w
it
h
o
u
t
d
a
m
a
g
in
g
t
h
e
y
ield
q
u
a
lit
y
,
(
v
)
ca
n
a
v
o
id
th
e
th
r
ea
t
o
f
in
s
ec
ts
an
d
a
n
i
m
als,
an
d
(
v
i)
d
r
y
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
c
an
b
e
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
[
2
1
]
-
[
2
4
]
.
Var
i
o
u
s
t
y
p
es
o
f
SDT
s
h
ad
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
ed
,
ev
al
u
ate
d
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
v
ar
io
u
s
co
u
n
tr
ies,
y
ield
i
n
g
v
ar
y
in
g
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
f
tech
n
ical
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
al
s
o
b
ase
o
n
e
n
er
g
y
,
ex
er
g
y
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
a
n
al
y
s
is
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
ce
d
co
n
v
ec
tio
n
SDT
s
u
s
i
n
g
d
o
u
b
l
e
-
p
ass
s
o
lar
co
llecto
r
w
it
h
f
i
n
s
h
as b
ee
n
in
s
talled
in
Ma
la
y
s
ia.
T
h
e
S
DT
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
d
o
u
b
le
-
p
as
s
s
o
lar
co
lle
cto
r
,
b
lo
w
er
s
,
h
ea
ter
s
a
n
d
d
r
y
in
g
c
h
a
m
b
er
.
T
h
e
SDT
s
h
as
b
ee
n
ev
al
u
ated
f
o
r
ch
il
i
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
,
p
alm
o
il
f
r
o
n
d
s
[
2
7
]
an
d
s
ea
w
ee
d
[
2
8
]
.
F
o
r
4
0
k
g
c
h
il
i,
t
h
e
d
r
y
i
n
g
ti
m
e
is
3
3
h
f
o
r
r
ed
u
ce
d
m
o
i
s
tu
r
e
co
n
te
n
t
f
r
o
m
8
0
%
to
1
0
%
(
w
et
b
asi
s
)
.
SDT
s
av
ed
4
9
%
m
o
r
e
d
r
y
i
n
g
ti
m
e
th
a
n
o
p
en
s
u
n
d
r
y
i
n
g
(
OSD)
d
id
.
T
h
e
co
llecto
r
,
d
r
y
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
p
ick
-
u
p
a
n
d
ex
er
g
y
e
f
f
ic
ien
cie
s
w
er
e
ab
o
u
t
o
f
2
8
,
1
3
,
4
5
an
d
5
7
%
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
l
y
.
A
h
y
b
r
id
S
DT
w
a
s
e
v
al
u
ated
f
o
r
5
1
k
g
o
f
s
i
lv
er
j
e
w
f
i
s
h
in
Ma
la
y
s
ia.
T
h
is
h
y
b
r
id
SDT
r
e
d
u
ce
d
th
e
m
o
is
tu
r
e
co
n
te
n
t
f
r
o
m
6
4
%
(
w
b
)
to
1
0
%
(
w
b
)
in
8
h
.
C
o
llecto
r
an
d
d
r
y
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
e
f
f
ic
ien
cie
s
w
e
r
e
ab
o
u
t
4
0
%
an
d
2
3
%,
r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
el
y
at
an
av
er
a
g
e
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
o
f
5
4
0
W
/
m
2
an
d
an
a
ir
f
lo
w
r
ate
o
f
0
.
0
7
7
8
k
g
/
s
.
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
SEC)
w
as
2
.
9
2
k
W
h
/
k
g
[
2
9
]
.
A
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
SDT
w
ith
h
ea
t
ex
c
h
a
n
g
er
w
a
s
ev
al
u
ated
f
o
r
2
0
0
k
g
o
f
ca
tf
is
h
i
n
P
er
lis
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia.
T
h
is
SDT
r
e
d
u
ce
d
th
e
m
o
is
t
u
r
e
co
n
te
n
t
o
f
ca
t
f
is
h
f
r
o
m
7
3
%
(
w
b
)
to
3
0
%
(
w
b
)
in
1
8
h
[
3
0
]
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
th
e
m
ain
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
i
s
r
ev
ie
w
i
s
to
d
escr
ib
e
t
h
e
s
m
al
l
-
s
ca
le
an
d
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
SDT
in
f
o
o
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ies
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
q
u
alit
y
f
o
o
d
,
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
h
y
g
ie
n
ic
an
d
i
n
co
m
e
g
en
er
atio
n
in
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia.
2.
T
YP
E
S AN
D
R
E
VI
E
W
O
F
SDT
SDT
s
m
a
y
b
e
clas
s
i
f
ied
as
(
1
)
f
o
r
ce
d
c
o
n
v
ec
tio
n
SDT
s
(
ac
tiv
e
SDT
s
)
an
d
(
2
)
n
atu
r
al
co
n
v
ec
tio
n
SDT
s
(
p
ass
iv
e
SDT
s
)
.
Nat
u
r
al
co
n
v
ec
tio
n
SDT
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
n
o
m
ec
h
a
n
ical/e
lectr
ical
p
o
wer
to
r
u
n
a
f
a
n
.
B
y
co
n
tr
ast,
f
o
r
ce
d
co
n
v
ec
t
io
n
S
DT
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
f
a
n
o
r
a
b
lo
w
er
to
p
u
m
p
air
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
E
ac
h
o
f
t
h
e
n
atu
r
al
o
r
f
o
r
ce
d
co
n
v
e
ctio
n
S
DT
s
ca
n
f
u
r
th
er
b
e
cla
s
s
if
ied
a
s
(
1
)
d
ir
ec
t
-
m
o
d
e
SDT
s
,
(
2
)
in
d
ir
ec
t
-
m
o
d
e
SDT
s
,
an
d
(
3
)
m
ix
ed
-
m
o
d
e
S
DT
s
.
I
n
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
SDT
s
m
a
y
b
e
cla
s
s
i
f
ied
a
s
(
1
)
SDT
s
w
it
h
air
-
b
ased
a
n
d
(
2
)
w
ater
-
b
ased
co
llecto
r
s
.
R
ec
en
t
l
y
,
s
e
v
er
al
r
ev
ie
w
o
n
SDT
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
ag
r
ic
u
lt
u
r
al
p
r
o
d
u
cts
ar
e
co
n
s
o
lid
ated
in
T
ab
le
1
.
So
l
ar
d
r
y
in
g
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
b
est
m
et
h
o
d
to
p
r
eser
v
e
cr
o
p
s
f
o
r
a
lo
n
g
ti
m
e.
I
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
a
n
d
u
n
d
er
d
ev
elo
p
ed
co
u
n
tr
ies;
p
er
ca
p
ita
e
lec
tr
icit
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
is
lo
w
;
th
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
elec
tr
icit
y
u
s
e
s
f
o
r
h
ea
ti
n
g
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
ec
o
n
o
m
icall
y
a
n
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tall
y
j
u
s
ti
f
ied
o
p
tio
n
.
Gr
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
s
o
lar
d
r
y
er
o
p
er
atin
g
in
ac
ti
v
e
m
o
d
e
is
b
etter
a
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
ass
i
v
e
m
o
d
e.
Qu
a
lit
y
,
tast
e,
c
o
lo
r
,
an
d
n
u
tr
itio
u
s
v
alu
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
r
ied
p
r
o
d
u
ct
ar
e
b
etter
in
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
s
o
lar
d
r
y
i
n
g
t
h
an
o
p
en
s
u
n
d
r
y
i
n
g
.
[
3
1
]
,
[
3
2
]
.
Mo
h
an
r
aj
et
al.
[
3
3
]
co
n
clu
d
e
t
h
at
s
o
lar
a
s
s
is
ted
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
h
ea
t
p
u
m
p
s
y
s
te
m
is
t
h
e
p
r
o
m
i
s
in
g
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
u
s
ed
f
o
r
h
ea
ti
n
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
(
d
r
y
in
g
)
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Sev
er
al
R
ev
ie
w
o
f
S
DT
Y
e
a
r
A
u
t
h
o
r
(
s)
H
i
g
h
l
i
g
h
t
2
0
1
8
S
i
n
g
h
e
t
a
l
.
[
3
1
]
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
r
e
c
e
n
t
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
s i
n
g
r
e
e
n
h
o
u
se
S
D
T
s
2
0
1
8
T
i
w
a
r
i
e
t
a
l
.
[
3
2
]
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
t
h
e
r
mal
(
P
V
T)
a
i
r
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
g
r
e
e
n
h
o
u
se
d
r
y
e
r
s
2
0
1
8
M
o
h
a
n
r
a
j
e
t
a
l
.
[
3
3
]
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
s o
n
so
l
a
r
a
ss
i
st
e
d
c
o
m
p
r
e
ssi
o
n
h
e
a
t
p
u
mp
sy
st
e
ms
2
0
1
7
C
h
a
u
h
a
n
e
t
a
l
.
[
3
4
]
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
t
h
e
r
mal
mo
d
e
l
s fo
r
g
r
e
e
n
h
o
u
se
S
D
T
s
2
0
1
6
P
r
a
k
a
s
h
e
t
a
l
.
[
3
5
]
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
mo
d
e
l
l
i
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s fo
r
t
h
e
S
D
T
s
2
0
1
6
T
i
w
a
r
i
e
t
a
l
.
[
3
6
]
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
a
n
d
r
e
c
e
n
t
t
r
e
n
d
s
i
n
g
r
e
e
n
h
o
u
se
S
D
T
2
0
1
6
T
i
w
a
r
i
[
3
7
]
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
S
D
T
f
o
r
v
a
r
i
o
u
s a
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
2
0
1
6
K
u
mar e
t
a
l
.
[
3
8
]
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
S
D
T
f
o
r
d
r
y
i
n
g
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
c
o
mm
o
d
i
t
i
e
s
2
0
1
6
P
a
t
i
l
a
n
d
G
a
w
a
n
d
e
[
3
9
]
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
so
l
a
r
t
u
n
n
e
l
g
r
e
e
n
h
o
u
se
t
y
p
e
o
f
S
D
T
2
0
1
6
Y
a
d
a
v
a
n
d
B
a
n
e
r
j
e
e
[
4
0
]
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
so
l
a
r
t
h
e
r
mo
c
h
e
mi
c
a
l
p
r
o
c
e
sse
s o
f
S
D
T
2
0
1
5
F
u
d
h
o
l
i
e
t
a
l
.
[
4
1
]
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
S
D
T
w
i
t
h
a
i
r
b
a
se
d
so
l
a
r
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
s
2
0
1
5
F
u
d
h
o
l
i
e
t
a
l
.
[
4
2
]
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
S
D
T
w
i
t
h
w
a
t
e
r
b
a
se
d
so
l
a
r
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
s
2
0
1
5
C
h
a
u
h
a
n
e
t
a
l
.
[
4
3
]
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
so
f
t
w
a
r
e
i
n
S
D
T
2
0
1
5
A
z
mi
e
t
a
l
.
[
4
4
]
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
w
o
r
k
o
f
S
D
T
i
n
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
i
K
e
b
a
n
g
saa
n
M
a
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CO
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:
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RE
F
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R
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NC
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S
[1
]
A
.
F
u
d
h
o
li
,
K.
S
o
p
ia
n
.
"
Re
v
ie
w
o
n
e
x
e
rg
y
a
n
d
e
n
e
rg
y
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
so
lar
a
ir
h
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a
ter,"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
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c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
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S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
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l
.
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
2
0
-
4
2
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
]
A
.
F
u
d
h
o
l
i,
K.
S
o
p
ian
.
"
Re
v
iew
o
n
so
lar
c
o
ll
e
c
to
r
f
o
r
a
g
ricu
lt
u
ra
l
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
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tro
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n
d
Dr
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S
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ste
ms
(
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
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l
.
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
1
4
-
4
1
9
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
]
A
.
F
u
d
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o
li
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
P
rim
a
r
y
stu
d
y
o
f
trac
k
in
g
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
sy
ste
m
f
o
r
m
o
b
il
e
sta
ti
o
n
in
M
a
lay
si
a
.
In
tern
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ti
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l
Jo
u
rn
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l
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f
P
o
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e
r
El
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c
tro
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n
d
Driv
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S
y
ste
m
s (IJP
EDS
),
v
o
l.
9
(1
),
p
p
.
4
2
7
-
3
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[4
]
A
.
F
u
d
h
o
li
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
R&
D
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
t
h
e
rm
a
l
(P
V
T
)
sy
ste
m
s:
a
n
o
v
e
rv
ie
w
.
In
tern
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ti
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l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
El
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d
Driv
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s (IJ
P
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S
),
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l
.
9
(
2
),
p
p
.
8
0
3
-
1
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[5
]
N.S
.
Na
z
ri,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
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e
rm
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l
-
th
e
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o
e
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tri
c
(P
V
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-
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E)
a
ir
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ll
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to
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In
ter
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t
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o
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rn
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we
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)
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o
.
2
,
p
p
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7
9
5
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[6
]
M
.
Zo
h
ri,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Ex
e
rg
y
a
s
se
s
s
m
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t
o
f
p
h
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t
o
v
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lt
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ro
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ll
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u
sin
g
th
e
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re
ti
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l
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d
y
.
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
,
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l.
1
6
(
2
),
p
p
.
5
5
0
-
5
7
,
2
0
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8
.
[7
]
M
.
Zo
h
ri,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
P
h
o
t
o
v
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[9
]
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[3
7
]
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.
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8
]
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.
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m
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.
,
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9
]
R.
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0
]
D.
Ya
d
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v
,
R.
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n
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rjee
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re
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1
]
A
.
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.
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"
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a
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[4
2
]
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"
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ter
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[4
3
]
P
.
S
.
Ch
a
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n
,
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t
a
l.
,
"
A
p
p
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.
[4
4
]
M
.
S
.
M
.
A
z
m
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e
t
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.,
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se
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o
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Ap
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[4
5
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T
.
Ba
n
o
,
e
t
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l
.,
"
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n
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a
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s,
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[4
6
]
R.
K.
S
a
h
d
e
v
,
“
Op
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a
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ter
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o
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Res
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(
IJ
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.
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I
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P
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2
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[4
7
]
G
.
P
iras
teh
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
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ie
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n
d
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v
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f
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[4
8
]
O.
P
ra
k
a
sh
,
A
.
Ku
m
a
r
,
“
S
o
lar
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r
e
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n
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u
se
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ry
in
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:
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9
]
S.M.
S
h
a
lab
y
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
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o
lar
d
ry
e
rs
w
it
h
P
C
M
a
s
e
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sto
ra
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m
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m
:
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0
]
A
.
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.
M
.
B
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n
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t
a
l.
,
"
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1
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9
0
2
-
9
1
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[5
2
]
A
.
D.
Ch
a
u
d
h
a
ri,
S
.
P
.
S
a
lv
e
,
"
A
r
e
v
ie
w
o
f
so
lar
d
r
y
e
r
t
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ie
s,"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Res
e
a
rc
h
in
Ad
v
e
n
t
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
1
8
-
2
3
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[5
3
]
Z.
M
.
A
m
in
,
M
.
N.A
.
Ha
w
l
a
d
e
r
,
“
A
r
e
v
ie
w
o
n
so
lar
a
ss
isted
h
e
a
t
p
u
m
p
sy
ste
m
s
in
S
in
g
a
p
o
re
,
"
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
p
p
.
2
8
6
-
2
9
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
[5
4
]
U.
T
o
sh
n
iw
a
l,
S
.
R.
Ka
ra
le
,
“
A
re
v
ie
w
p
a
p
e
r
o
n
s
o
lar
d
ry
e
r,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
Res
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
(
IJ
ER
A)
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
8
9
6
-
9
0
2
,
2
0
1
3
.
[5
5
]
A
.
H.
P
a
tel,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
A
re
v
i
e
w
o
n
so
lar
d
ry
e
r
f
o
r
g
ra
in
s,
v
e
g
e
t
a
b
les
a
n
d
f
ru
it
s,"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
Res
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
IJ
ER
T
),
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
7
,
2
0
1
3
.
[5
6
]
A
.
F
u
d
h
o
li
,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
P
r
o
sp
e
c
t
a
n
d
f
u
tu
re
o
f
so
lar
d
r
y
e
r
f
o
r
a
g
ricu
lt
u
ra
l
a
n
d
m
a
rin
e
p
ro
d
u
c
t:
p
e
rs
p
e
c
ti
v
e
M
a
la
y
sia
,
"
In
P
r
o
c
.
o
f
th
e
7
th
W
S
EA
S
In
t.
C
o
n
f
.
o
n
Re
n
e
w
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
S
o
u
rc
e
s (RE
S
’1
3
)
,
p
p
.
1
4
1
-
1
4
9
,
2
0
1
3
.
[5
7
]
K.
S
o
p
ian
,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
R&
D
o
f
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
so
lar
d
r
y
e
rs
in
M
a
la
y
sia
:
(2
)
w
a
t
e
r
b
a
se
d
so
lar
c
o
ll
e
c
to
rs,"
In
P
r
o
c
.
o
f
th
e
7
th
W
S
EA
S
In
t.
Co
n
f
.
o
n
Re
n
e
w
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
S
o
u
rc
e
s (RE
S
’1
3
),
p
p
.
2
4
7
-
2
5
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[5
8
]
S.
M
ish
a
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
A
re
v
i
e
w
o
n
t
h
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
tra
y
d
ry
e
r
f
o
r
a
g
ricu
lt
u
ra
l
p
r
o
d
u
c
ts,
"
W
o
rld
A
p
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
s
J
o
u
rn
a
l,
v
o
l
.
2
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
2
4
-
4
3
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
[5
9
]
S.
M
ish
a
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
Re
v
ie
w
o
f
s
o
li
d
/
li
q
u
id
d
e
sic
c
a
n
t
in
th
e
d
ry
i
n
g
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
it
s
re
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
m
e
th
o
d
s
,
"
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
p
p
.
4
6
8
6
-
4
7
0
7
,
2
0
1
2
.
[6
0
]
K.
S
o
p
ian
,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
so
lar
a
ss
isted
d
ry
in
g
s
y
ste
m
s
f
o
r
m
a
rin
e
a
n
d
a
g
ricu
lt
u
ra
l
p
ro
d
u
c
ts,
"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
4
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
9
-
1
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
[6
1
]
S.
V
ij
a
y
a
V
e
n
k
a
ta
Ra
m
a
n
,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
A
r
e
v
ie
w
o
f
so
lar
d
r
y
in
g
te
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
"
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
le
E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
p
p
.
2
6
5
2
-
2
6
7
0
,
2
0
1
2
.
[6
2
]
A
.
A
.
El
-
S
e
b
a
ii
,
S
.
M
.
S
h
a
lab
y
,
"
S
o
lar d
ry
in
g
o
f
a
g
ricu
lt
u
ra
l
p
ro
d
u
c
ts:
a
re
v
ie
w
,
"
Ren
e
wa
b
le a
n
d
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
p
p
.
3
7
-
4
3
,
2
0
1
2
.
[6
3
]
N.L
.
P
a
n
w
a
r,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
A
r
e
v
ie
w
o
n
e
n
e
rg
y
a
n
d
e
x
e
r
g
y
a
n
a
l
y
sis o
f
s
o
lar d
ry
in
g
s
y
st
e
m
s,"
R
e
n
e
wa
b
le a
n
d
S
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
p
p
.
2
8
1
2
-
2
8
1
9
,
2
0
1
2
.
[6
4
]
B.
K.
Ba
la,
N.
D
e
b
n
a
th
,
“
S
o
lar
d
ry
in
g
te
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
:
p
o
ten
ti
a
ls
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
ts,
"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Fu
n
d
a
me
n
ta
ls
o
f
Ren
e
wa
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[6
5
]
L.
Be
n
n
a
m
o
u
n
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
rv
ie
w
o
n
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
e
x
e
r
g
y
a
n
d
e
n
e
rg
y
f
o
r
d
e
term
in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
so
lar
d
ry
in
g
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
,
"
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
e
rg
y
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
8
4
-
1
9
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
[6
6
]
O.
P
ra
k
a
sh
,
A
.
Ku
m
a
r
,
“
Histo
rica
l
re
v
ie
w
a
n
d
re
c
e
n
t
tren
d
s
in
so
lar
d
ry
in
g
s
y
ste
m
s,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Gr
e
e
n
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
6
9
0
-
7
3
8
,
2
0
1
2
.
[6
7
]
L.
Be
n
n
a
m
o
u
n
,
“
Re
v
iew
in
g
th
e
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
o
f
so
lar
d
ry
in
g
in
A
l
g
e
ria
w
it
h
p
re
se
n
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
d
e
sig
n
a
sp
e
c
ts
o
f
so
lar d
ry
e
r
s,"
Ren
e
wa
b
le a
n
d
S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
p
p
.
3
3
7
1
-
3
3
7
9
,
2
0
1
1
.
[6
8
]
V
.
Be
les
sio
ti
s
,
De
ly
a
n
n
is
,
“
S
o
lar
d
ry
in
g
,
"
S
o
la
r E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
8
5
,
p
p
.
1
6
6
5
-
1
6
9
1
,
2
0
1
1
.
[6
9
]
G
.
L
.
Jin
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
Re
v
ie
w
o
f
h
e
a
t
p
u
m
p
sy
ste
m
s
f
o
r
d
ry
in
g
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
"
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le
E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
vo
l.
1
5
,
p
p
.
4
7
8
8
-
4
7
9
6
,
2
0
1
1
.
[7
0
]
M
.
I.
F
a
d
h
e
l,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
Re
v
ie
w
o
n
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
o
f
so
lar
a
ss
isted
c
h
e
m
ic
a
l
h
e
a
t
p
u
m
p
d
ry
e
r
f
o
r
a
g
ric
u
lt
u
re
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
,
"
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
p
p
.
1
1
5
2
-
1
1
6
8
,
2
0
1
1
.
[7
1
]
L
.
M
.
Ba
l,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
Re
v
i
e
w
o
f
so
lar
d
ry
e
rs
w
it
h
late
n
t
h
e
a
t
sto
ra
g
e
s
y
ste
m
s
f
o
r
a
g
ricu
lt
u
ra
l
p
ro
d
u
c
ts,
"
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
p
p
.
8
7
6
-
8
8
0
,
2
0
1
1
.
[7
2
]
L
.
M
.
Ba
l,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
S
o
lar
d
ry
e
r
w
it
h
th
e
rm
a
l
e
n
e
rg
y
sto
ra
g
e
s
y
ste
m
f
o
r
d
ry
in
g
a
g
ricu
lt
u
ra
l
f
o
o
d
p
r
o
d
u
c
ts:
a
re
v
ie
w
,
"
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
p
p
.
2
2
9
8
-
2
3
1
4
,
2
0
1
0
.
[7
3
]
M.
W
a
k
ji
ra
,
“
S
o
lar
d
ry
in
g
o
f
f
ru
i
ts
a
n
d
w
in
d
o
w
s
o
f
o
p
p
o
rtu
n
it
ies
i
n
Et
h
io
p
ia
A
f
ri
c
a
n
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
F
o
o
d
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
1
3
,
p
p
.
7
9
0
-
8
0
2
,
2
0
1
1
.
[7
4
]
R.
Da
g
h
i
g
h
,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
Re
v
i
e
w
o
f
so
lar
a
ss
isted
h
e
a
t
p
u
m
p
d
r
y
in
g
s
y
ste
m
s
f
o
r
a
g
ricu
lt
u
ra
l
a
n
d
m
a
rin
e
p
ro
d
u
c
ts,
"
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
p
p
.
2
5
6
4
-
2
5
7
9
,
2
0
1
0
.
[7
5
]
A
.
F
u
d
h
o
li
,
e
t
a
l.
"
Re
v
ie
w
o
f
so
la
r
d
ry
e
r
s
f
o
r
a
g
ricu
lt
u
ra
l
a
n
d
m
a
ri
n
e
p
ro
d
u
c
ts
,
"
Ren
e
wa
b
le a
n
d
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
1
.
p
p
.
1
-
3
0
,
2
0
1
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.
[7
6
]
M
.
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a
l.
,
"
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sig
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[7
7
]
M
.
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a
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,
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[7
8
]
M
.
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,
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D
e
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[7
9
]
M.
Ya
h
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a
,
"
Ka
ji
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sp
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tal
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.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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1
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[8
2
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M.
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"
Uji
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[8
3
]
M.
Ya
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"
E
x
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tal
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a
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[8
4
]
M.
Ya
h
y
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,
"
P
re
sta
si se
b
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ste
m
p
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[8
5
]
K.
A
b
d
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ll
a
h
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Re
c
e
n
t
d
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t
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HE
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lar
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r
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d
in
g
o
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F
irst
A
sia
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-
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tralian
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y
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g
Co
n
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(
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DC’9
9
),
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li
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n
d
o
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e
si
a
,
p
p
.
4
2
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.
[8
6
]
K.
A
b
d
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,
"
Diss
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m
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ti
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V
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[8
7
]
M
.
Ya
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t
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,
"
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m
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[8
8
]
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A
b
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a
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I
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A
h
m
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d
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h
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s.
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s
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n
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s
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s
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)
a
s
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a
d
o
f
P
h
y
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s
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p
a
rtme
n
t
a
t
Ra
b
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
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e
k
a
n
b
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ru
,
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In
d
o
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e
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.
A
.
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u
d
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rted
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a
t
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Ke
b
a
n
g
sa
a
n
M
a
la
y
sia
(UK
M
).
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M
.
S
c
t
h
e
sis
w
a
s
o
n
W
in
d
/P
V
Hy
b
rid
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y
ste
m
a
n
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th
e
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h
.
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th
e
sis
w
a
s
a
b
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u
t
th
e
F
in
n
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d
Do
u
b
le
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ss
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lar
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ll
e
c
to
rs
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o
r
Dry
in
g
o
f
S
e
a
we
e
d
.
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M
.
S
c
a
n
d
P
h
.
D
th
e
sis
u
n
d
e
r
su
p
e
rv
iso
r
b
y
P
r
o
f
Da
to
’
Dr.
Ka
m
a
ru
z
z
a
m
a
n
S
o
p
ia
n
.
A
f
ter
h
is
m
a
ste
r
h
e
b
e
c
a
m
e
Re
s
e
a
rc
h
As
sista
n
t
a
t
UK
M
u
p
t
o
2
0
1
2
.
Af
ter
h
is
P
h
.
D
(
2
0
1
2
)
i
n
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
,
h
e
b
e
c
a
m
e
P
o
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o
c
to
ra
l
in
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o
lar
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e
rg
y
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e
se
a
r
c
h
In
stit
u
te
(S
ERI)
UK
M
u
p
to
2
0
1
3
.
He
jo
in
e
d
t
h
e
S
ERI
a
s
a
L
e
c
t
u
re
in
2
0
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4
.
M
o
re
th
a
n
USD
3
1
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0
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re
se
a
rc
h
g
ra
n
t
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5
g
ra
n
t/
p
ro
jec
t)
in
2
0
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4
–
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0
1
7
w
a
s
in
v
o
lv
e
d
.
M
o
re
th
a
n
2
5
M
.
S
c
p
ro
jec
t
su
p
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ise
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n
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p
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d
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ti
l
n
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w
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h
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m
a
n
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to
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5
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h
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(4
m
a
in
su
p
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rs
a
n
d
1
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o
.
su
p
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rv
iso
r)
,
3
M
a
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t
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se
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m
o
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a
n
d
5
M
a
ste
r’s
stu
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e
n
t
b
y
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rse
w
o
rk
m
o
d
e
,
h
e
w
a
s als
o
a
s ex
a
m
in
e
r
(3
P
h
.
D an
d
1
M
.
S
c
)
.
His c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
f
o
c
u
se
s
o
n
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
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rg
y
,
e
sp
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c
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y
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lar
e
n
e
rg
y
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
m
icr
o
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
,
so
lar
d
ry
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
s,
a
n
d
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
so
lar
th
e
r
m
a
l
s
y
ste
m
s
(so
lar
a
ss
isted
d
ry
in
g
,
so
lar
h
e
a
t
p
u
m
p
,
P
V
T
s
y
ste
m
s).
He
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
m
o
re
th
a
n
1
2
0
p
e
e
r
-
re
v
ie
w
e
d
p
a
p
e
rs,
w
h
ich
2
5
p
a
p
e
rs
in
I
S
I
in
d
e
x
(2
0
Q1
,
im
p
a
c
t
f
a
c
to
r
m
o
re
th
a
n
3
)
a
n
d
m
o
re
th
a
n
6
0
p
a
p
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in
S
c
o
p
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s
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,
1
6
m
o
re
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rre
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tl
y
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c
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a
n
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sc
rip
t,
2
0
m
o
re
c
u
rre
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tl
y
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n
d
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r
re
v
ie
w
,
a
n
d
2
b
o
o
k
c
h
a
p
ters
.
A
d
d
it
io
n
,
h
e
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
m
o
re
th
a
n
7
0
p
a
p
e
rs
in
in
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
s.
His
to
tal
c
it
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
8
1
0
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n
d
h
-
in
d
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in
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c
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(A
u
th
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r
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D:
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4
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2
4
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0
)
.
His
to
ta
l
c
it
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
1
3
8
7
a
n
d
h
-
i
n
d
e
x
o
f
2
0
in
g
o
o
g
le
sc
h
o
lar.
He
is
a
p
p
o
i
n
ted
a
s
re
v
ie
we
r
o
f
h
ig
h
im
p
a
c
t
(
Q
1
)
jo
u
r
n
a
l
su
c
h
a
s
Re
n
e
w
a
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le
E
n
e
rg
y
R
e
v
ie
ws
,
En
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rsio
n
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
A
p
p
li
e
d
E
n
e
rg
y
,
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
Bu
i
ld
i
n
g
s,
A
p
p
li
e
d
T
h
e
rm
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
E
n
e
rg
y
,
In
d
u
strial
Cro
p
s
a
n
d
P
r
o
d
u
c
ts,
e
tc.
He
is
a
p
p
o
i
n
ted
a
s
re
v
ie
w
e
r
o
f
re
p
u
tatio
n
j
o
u
r
n
a
ls
su
c
h
a
s
Dry
in
g
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
G
re
e
n
En
e
rg
y
,
Bio
s
y
ste
m
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
u
sta
in
a
b
il
it
y
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
e
rg
y
Eff
icie
n
c
y
,
S
a
in
s
M
a
lay
sia
n
a
,
Ju
rn
a
l
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
e
tc.
He
is
a
lso
a
p
p
o
in
ted
a
s
e
d
it
o
r
jo
u
rn
a
ls.
He
h
a
s
re
c
e
iv
e
d
se
v
e
r
a
l
a
wa
rd
s
su
c
h
a
s
G
o
ld
M
e
d
a
l
Aw
a
rd
a
t
th
e
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Ib
n
A
l
-
Ha
y
th
a
m
’s
A
l
-
M
a
n
a
z
ir
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
In
v
e
n
ti
o
n
Ex
h
ib
it
io
n
2
0
1
1
,
S
il
v
e
r
M
e
d
a
l
Aw
a
rd
a
t
th
e
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
E
XP
O
(IT
EX
)
2
0
1
2
,
S
il
v
e
r
M
e
d
a
l
Aw
a
rd
a
t
th
e
M
a
la
y
sia
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Ex
p
o
(M
T
E)
2
0
1
3
,
Bro
n
z
e
M
e
d
a
l
A
w
a
rd
a
t
In
tern
a
t
io
n
a
l
Ex
p
o
siti
o
n
o
f
Re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
In
v
e
n
ti
o
n
(
P
ECI
P
T
A
)
2
0
1
1
,
a
lso
2
Bro
n
z
e
M
e
d
a
l
A
wa
rd
a
t
P
ECI
P
T
A
2
0
1
7
.
He
w
a
s
a
lso
in
v
it
e
d
a
s
sp
e
a
k
e
r:
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
o
f
S
c
ien
ti
f
ic
Jo
u
rn
a
l
W
rit
in
g
;
W
rit
in
g
S
c
ien
t
if
ic
P
a
p
e
rs
S
tep
s
T
o
wa
rd
s S
u
c
c
e
ss
f
u
l
P
u
b
li
sh
in
Hi
g
h
Im
p
a
c
t
(Q1
)
Jo
u
rn
a
ls.
He
h
a
s 1
p
a
ten
t
a
n
d
2
c
o
p
y
rig
h
ts.
A
b
ra
r
Rid
w
a
n
,
S
.
S
i,
S
T
,
M
T
is
th
e
h
e
a
d
o
f
c
e
n
tre
o
f
a
p
p
li
e
d
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
h
e
a
d
o
f
m
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
lab
o
ra
to
ry
a
n
d
a
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
i
y
a
h
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Riau
.
His res
e
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
s
c
o
m
b
u
stio
n
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
b
i
o
m
a
ss
g
a
si
f
ica
ti
o
n
,
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
a
n
d
so
lar
e
n
e
rg
y
.
He
w
a
s
g
r
a
d
u
a
ted
f
ro
m
p
h
y
si
c
d
e
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
Br
a
w
ij
a
y
a
u
n
iv
e
rs
it
y
a
n
d
a
lso
in
m
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
i
y
a
h
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
M
a
lan
g
(UMM
).
S
in
c
e
8
y
e
a
rs
o
f
h
is
lec
tu
re
wa
s
g
ra
n
ted
b
y
Re
s
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
M
in
istri
e
s
o
f
In
d
o
n
e
sia
(Ristek
Di
k
ti
)
f
o
r
h
is
re
se
a
rc
h
p
ro
jec
t.
He
is
a
lso
in
v
o
lv
e
d
in
t
h
e
UN
DP
-
UN
F
CC
p
r
o
g
ra
m
re
g
a
rd
in
g
m
u
n
icip
a
l
so
li
d
w
a
ste
p
ro
jec
t
i
n
Riau
P
r
o
v
in
c
e
a
n
d
g
ra
d
u
a
ted
h
is
m
a
ste
r
o
f
m
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
C
u
rre
n
tl
y
h
e
is
f
o
c
u
sin
g
th
e
re
se
a
rc
h
o
f
h
o
w
to
o
p
ti
m
ize
so
lar
u
p
d
ra
f
t
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
w
it
h
a
n
y
m
a
teria
l
a
s it
s h
e
a
t
sto
ra
g
e
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1804
–
1
8
1
3
1812
Dr.
Ra
d
o
Ye
n
d
ra
,
M
.
S
c
wa
s
b
o
rn
in
In
d
o
n
e
sia
in
1
9
7
7
.
He
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
S
tatisti
c
a
l
S
c
ien
c
e
f
ro
m
T
h
e
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
M
a
la
y
si
a
,
M
a
la
y
sia
in
2
0
1
4
.
He
j
o
in
e
d
th
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s
f
ro
m
th
e
S
tate
I
sla
m
ic
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
S
u
lt
a
n
S
y
a
r
if
Ka
si
m
Riau
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
a
n
d
2
0
1
5
b
e
c
a
m
e
a
V
ice
-
De
a
n
f
ro
m
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
His
m
a
in
a
re
a
s
o
f
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st are
sta
ti
stica
l
sc
ien
c
e
a
n
d
d
a
ta m
in
in
g
.
A
r
i
P
an
i
De
s
v
in
a
,
S
.
S
i,
M
.
S
c
f
ro
m
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
S
h
e
g
ra
d
u
a
ted
w
it
h
th
e
M
.
S
c
in
S
tatisti
c
a
l
S
c
ien
c
e
f
ro
m
T
h
e
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
M
a
la
y
si
a
,
M
a
la
y
sia
in
2
0
1
0
.
S
h
e
jo
in
e
d
a
s
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Un
iv
e
rsita
s
Isla
m
Ne
g
e
ri
S
u
lt
a
n
S
y
a
ri
f
Ka
s
i
m
(UIN
S
u
sk
a
)
in
2
0
0
6
.
Ca
re
n
n
tl
y
,
sh
e
is
h
e
a
d
o
f
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s
Dep
ar
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
UI
N
Su
s
k
a
R
ia
u
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
P
r
o
f
.
Dr.
Ha
rto
n
o
,
M
.
P
d
f
ro
m
P
e
k
a
n
b
a
ru
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
,
a
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
a
t
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Un
iv
e
rsitas
Isla
m
Ne
g
e
ri
S
u
lt
a
n
S
y
a
ri
f
Ka
si
m
(UIN
S
u
sk
a
).
He
is
De
a
n
o
f
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
UIN
S
u
sk
a
P
e
k
a
n
b
a
ru
Riau
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
He
wa
s
th
e
He
a
d
,
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
(
2
0
0
1
-
0
4
);
De
p
u
ty
De
a
n
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
(2
0
0
4
-
1
3
).
His
m
a
in
c
o
n
tri
b
u
ti
o
n
s
a
re
in
re
se
a
r
c
h
m
e
th
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
,
sta
ti
stica
l
a
n
d
a
s
T
ra
in
in
g
o
f
T
ra
in
e
r.
His
m
a
jo
r
re
s
e
a
rc
h
e
ff
o
rts
in
c
lu
d
e
d
e
sig
n
in
g
E
-
lea
rn
in
g
,
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
m
e
th
o
d
a
n
d
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
stra
teg
y
.
He
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
m
o
re
th
a
n
1
5
b
o
o
k
s
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
sta
ti
stic,
a
n
a
ly
sis so
f
t
w
a
r
e
,
S
P
S
S
a
n
d
g
e
n
e
ra
l
in
tere
sts
Dr
M
a
ji
d
Kh
a
n
jo
i
n
e
d
th
e
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
a
l
S
c
ien
c
e
s,
USM
,
a
s
a
lec
t
u
re
r
(Op
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
Re
se
a
rc
h
)
in
M
a
y
,
2
0
1
7
.
He
is
a
r
e
se
a
rc
h
e
r
a
n
d
a
p
p
o
i
n
ted
f
e
ll
o
w
wo
rk
in
g
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
se
a
we
e
d
c
u
lt
iv
a
ti
o
n
,
so
lar
d
ry
in
g
s
y
ste
m
s,
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
m
o
d
e
ll
in
g
a
n
d
sim
u
latio
n
.
His
re
se
a
r
c
h
u
se
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Io
t,
b
ig
d
a
ta
a
n
d
sim
u
latio
n
m
e
th
o
d
s
to
im
p
ro
v
e
m
o
d
e
l
p
re
d
ictio
n
s
o
f
m
o
istu
re
lo
ss
e
s
d
u
ri
n
g
d
ry
in
g
in
c
o
n
tro
l
a
n
d
u
n
c
o
n
tro
l
led
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t.
He
i
s
a
lso
in
tere
ste
d
in
m
o
d
e
ll
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
o
th
e
r
b
io
lo
g
ica
l
sy
ste
m
s
su
c
h
a
s
ti
ss
u
e
c
u
lt
u
re
a
n
d
a
q
u
a
m
a
rin
e
.
He
u
se
s
th
e
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
f
ro
m
sta
ti
stica
l
th
e
o
ry
,
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
a
n
d
e
x
isti
n
g
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
t
o
o
ls
to
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
l
a
n
d
f
in
a
ll
y
to
tran
sf
o
rm
th
e
m
o
d
e
l
in
in
d
u
str
y
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
to
a
n
sw
e
r
a
ra
n
g
e
o
f
in
sp
ired
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