Internati
o
nal
Journal of P
o
wer Elect
roni
cs an
d
Drive
S
y
ste
m
(I
JPE
D
S)
V
o
l.
6, N
o
. 1
,
Mar
c
h
20
15
,
pp
. 12
9
~
13
6
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
6
9
4
1
29
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJPEDS
So
lar
Photovoltai
c
Powered Sailing
Boat
U
s
ing
B
u
c
k
C
o
nv
er
te
r
Soum
ya Das
*
, Pradip Kumar Sadhu**
,
N
i
t
a
i Pa
l**
,
Go
ura
v
Maj
u
mdar*
*
*
,
Sa
swat
a M
u
kherj
ee***
*
* Departement o
f
Electr
i
cal
E
ngineering
,
UIT, B
u
rdwan University
, Burdwan
-
713
104, India
** Electr
i
cal
En
gineer
ing Dep
a
rtment, Indian Sch
ool of Mi
n
e
s (un
d
er MHRD, Gov
t
. of
India), Dhanbad - 8260
04, I
ndia
*** Departemen
t of
Electr
i
cal
En
gi
neer
ing, KIIT
University
, Bhu
b
aneswar 75102
4, Odisha, India
**** Departement of
Electr
i
cal Engineer
ing,
WBUT,
West B
e
ngal -700064, India
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Sep 20, 2014
Rev
i
sed
Jan 13, 201
5
Accepte
d
Ja
n 25, 2015
Th
e
m
a
i
n
ob
je
ct
i
v
e
o
f
th
is pa
pe
r is to
es
ta
b
lish
te
ch
ni
ca
l an
d
e
c
o
nom
ica
l
a
s
p
e
c
t
s of th
e
ap
pli
c
a
t
i
on of
st
an
d-
alo
n
e
ph
oto
v
o
l
t
a
ic (
P
V)
sy
st
e
m
in
sail
in
g bo
at u
s
ing
a bu
ck c
o
nv
ert
e
r in or
de
r to en
ha
nc
e t
h
e p
o
w
e
r
ge
ner
a
t
i
on
an
d a
l
so to
m
i
n
i
m
i
z
e
the
co
st. Perf
or
m
a
n
c
e a
nd
co
nt
rol of
dc-
d
c
c
o
n
v
e
r
te
r,
su
i
t
ab
l
e
fo
r ph
ot
ov
olt
a
ic
(P
V
)
a
p
pl
ica
t
io
ns
, is
p
r
ese
n
t
e
d he
re
.
A
bu
ck co
nv
ert
e
r is e
m
p
l
oy
ed her
e
w
h
i
c
h extr
a
c
t
s
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
p
o
w
e
r
fro
m
th
e
PV
so
urc
e
an
d fee
d
s int
o
th
e d
c
lo
ad. Th
e po
wer, w
h
i
c
h i
s
f
e
d in
to t
h
e
load, i
s
suff
ici
e
nt
t
o
dr
iv
e
a bo
at.
W
ith t
h
e h
e
l
p
of
m
a
tl
ab
si
m
u
li
nk
sof
t
w
a
r
e
P
V
m
o
dul
e an
d bu
ck
m
o
d
e
l
h
a
s
been
de
si
gn
ed
a
nd
si
m
u
l
a
ted an
d
also co
mp
ared with theoretical
predictions.
Keyword:
B
u
ck
Co
nv
erter
Ideal Switch
Matlab
Sim
u
li
n
k
PV
Sol
a
r S
a
il
in
g
Bo
at
Copyright ©
201
5 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Soum
ya Das,
Depa
rtem
ent of Elect
ri
cal
E
n
gi
nee
r
i
n
g,
Un
i
v
ersity In
st
itu
te o
f
Tech
nolo
g
y
, B
u
rdwan Un
iv
ersity,
Bu
rd
w
a
n
,
W
e
st
Ben
g
a
l-71
310
4, I
n
d
i
a.
Em
a
il: So
u
m
y
a
.sd19
84
@g
mail.co
m
1.
INTRODUCTION
Transport
i
n
W
a
t
e
r way
s
i
s
defi
ni
tely
one of t
h
e
m
o
st
indispensable life su
stenance f
eatures of the
mo
d
e
rn
so
cie
t
y
;
p
r
act
ica
l
ly a
l
l
th
is
energy co
mes fro
m
foss
il fuels, it cr
eates heavy
eco
l
ogi
cal
probl
em
s i
n
all
l
a
rge cit
i
es. Th
e
m
a
i
n
sol
u
ti
o
n
of t
h
ese probl
em
s
li
es i
n
t
h
e proper use of t
h
e r
e
newabl
e energy
sources, and
t
h
ere are
m
a
ny pl
ausi
b
l
e exam
ples of t
h
i
s
k
i
nd, l
i
k
e sol
a
r
powered sai
l
i
ng boat
whi
c
h uses only
sol
a
r
energy
convert
ed by
Phot
o Vol
t
a
ic
C
onvert
ers (PVC
s) and feedi
ng a dc l
o
ad
[1]
.
It
is im
po
rt
ant
t
o
generat
e
t
h
e
pol
l
u
ti
on-free, Eco fri
endl
y
nat
u
ral
energy
.
El
ect
r
icity
generat
e
d fro
m
phot
ovol
t
a
ic (PV) po
wer sy
st
em
s is a
m
a
jor renewabl
e energy
source whi
c
h i
nvol
ves alm
o
st
zero
greenhouse gas
em
i
s
si
on and
doesn’t
consu
m
e an
y
fossil fuel [2]
-
[4]
.
Photovoltaic ener
gy
i
s
an effi
ci
en
t
source of energy
:
i
t
is renewable, i
n
exhaust
i
b
le and
pol
l
u
ti
on free,
for t
h
at
,
i
t
i
s
more and
m
o
re r
a
pi
dly
been used as an energ
y
source. In st
andal
one phot
ov
ol
t
a
i
c
generat
o
r (PVG), t
h
e generat
e
d energy
i
s
used eit
h
er di
rect
ly o
r
asso
c
i
a
t
ed
with
a sto
r
a
g
e in
b
a
tter
y
o
r
in
an
energy reserve, e.g. hydraulic.
In co
nnected PVG, it
m
a
y be associa
t
ed wi
t
h
i
nvert
ers an
d vol
t
a
ge st
ep-up o
r
st
ep-down sy
stem
s (
i
.e. choppers). A PV
G
wi
t
h
good effi
ci
ency
can be carri
ed out
i
f
it
const
a
ntly
convert
s
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
avai
labl
e sol
a
r power al
l
t
h
e tim
e ev
en i
n
case of
rai
n
y
day
[5]
.
Here t
h
i
s
c
onvert
er i
s
essenti
a
ll
y
buck
convert
ers feedi
ng a dc l
o
ad. Here, t
h
e buck convert
er ext
r
act
s
co
m
p
l
e
t
e
power fr
om
t
h
e PV source and feeds
in
to
th
e
lo
ad
[6
], [7
].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-86
94
I
J
PED
S
Vo
l. 6
,
No
. 1
,
Mar
c
h
2
015
:
12
9
–
13
6
13
0
2.
THE PROPOSED
METHOD
2.
1. Ph
ot
o Vol
a
t
a
i
c
S
y
s
t
em
Recent resea
r
c
h
has dealt with m
o
st of t
h
e
DC/DC c
o
nverters in
order to fi
nd the m
o
st com
p
atible
t
y
p
e
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
.
The bl
o
c
k di
agram
of t
h
e PV sy
st
em
is shown
i
n
Fi
gure 1.
Thi
s
consi
s
t
s
of a phot
ov
ol
t
a
ic generat
o
r (PVG), a b
u
ck
d
c
–dc convert
er and a dc l
o
ad.
The rol
e
of t
h
e power
converter is
to interface
the PV arra
y output to
the dc load [8].
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
.
B
l
ock di
agram
of sol
a
r PV syst
em
2.2. Photo Vol
a
taic
Powered Sailing Boat
Schem
a
ti
c diagram
of propos
ed phot
ovol
t
a
ic powered
sai
l
i
ng boat
wi
t
h
buck convert
er
i
s
shown i
n
Fi
gure 2. Sol
a
r energy
conv
ersi
on i
n
t
o
el
ect
r
ical
power i
s
nat
u
rall
y
per
f
orm
e
d by
sol
a
r cell
s
[9]
.
T
h
e
PV
generat
o
r t
r
ansfers t
h
e descen
dent
sol
a
r radiati
on t
o
a di
rect
vol
tage and current
.
These ends pro
v
i
d
e a boos
t
chopper. The l
o
ad of cho
pper
i
s
t
h
e
separat
e
ly
exit
ed
m
o
t
o
r
[10]
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
.
Sche
m
a
ti
c Di
agram
of PV po
wered
Sail
i
ng B
o
at
Solar
pa
nels are rarely connec
ted to the elect
rical
equi
pm
ent
.
di
rect
l
y
, exc
e
pt
g
r
i
d
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d sy
st
em
.
P
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
r
a
te
d
f
r
o
m t
h
e
s
o
l
a
r
p
a
n
e
l
d
e
p
e
n
d
s
o
n
th
e
s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
o
f
th
e
su
n
l
i
g
h
t
.
B
oost
convert
er
i
s
pr
ovi
di
ng
the necessary supply on the sunny day as
well as cloudy day. Out
put of the
m
o
tor also c
onnected to a propeller
t
h
rough a co
up
l
e
r. On t
h
e ot
her hand anot
he
r si
de of t
h
e
m
o
t
o
r shaft
i
s
co
nnect
ed wi
t
h
a
di
esel
generat
o
r (DG
)
prim
e
m
over
through another clutch c
oupler
. When solar PV does not genera
te necessary power then pressing
t
h
e coupl
er
t
h
i
s
DG prim
e
m
o
ver i
s
connect
ed wi
t
h
t
h
e
m
o
tor shaft
.
M
o
re
over t
h
i
s
DG generat
o
r is connect
ed
as a backup protection.
Cost
co
m
p
etitiv
e co
ver design with fluorides in place of
glass
i
s
to be good alter
n
atives
when consi
d
eri
ng cost
and w
e
i
ght
reducti
on of PV m
odul
es [11]
. If t
h
e ent
i
r
e wei
ght
of a boat
i
s
l
o
wer, t
h
e
energy
i
s
desi
red reasonabl
y
l
e
ss [12]
.
3.
R
E
SEARC
H M
ETHOD
3
.
1
.
DC
to
DC
Buck C
o
nv
ert
er
Th
e step-
dow
n d
c
-
d
c co
nv
er
ter
,
co
mm
o
n
l
y
k
now
n
as a buck
con
v
e
r
t
er
, i
s
sh
own
in
f
i
gu
r
e
b
e
l
o
w
.
Th
e
b
u
c
k
co
nverter is ch
aracterized
b
y
bu
ck co
nv
erter w
ith LC filter b
l
o
c
k
and
lo
ad
b
l
ock
.
A sing
le stag
e LC
filter will b
e
used
so
on
ly one in
du
ctor and
o
n
e
cap
acitor
ex
ist in
th
e circu
it [13
]
. Typ
i
cal wav
e
form
s
in
th
e
co
nv
erter are sh
own
in
b
e
low figu
re
un
d
e
r t
h
e assu
m
p
tio
n th
at th
e ind
u
c
to
r cu
rren
t is always po
sitiv
e. Th
e
state o
f
th
e co
nv
erter in
wh
ich
th
e i
n
du
cto
r
cu
rren
t is
n
e
v
e
r zero
for an
y p
e
ri
od
of ti
m
e
is cal
le
d
th
e
co
n
tinuo
us co
nd
u
c
tion m
o
d
e
(CCM)
.
I
t
can be seen fr
o
m
the circu
it t
h
at wh
en th
e switch
S is co
mman
d
ed
t
o
the on state, the di
ode
D is
reve
rse-biase
d
.
Whe
n
th
e
switch
is off, th
e d
i
od
e con
d
u
c
ts to
supp
ort an
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PED
S
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
6
9
4
S
o
l
a
r
Phot
ovol
t
a
i
c
Pow
e
red Sai
li
ng
Boat
U
s
in
g
Bu
c
k
C
o
n
v
er
t
e
r
(
S
o
u
m
y
a
D
a
s
)
13
1
uni
nterrupted
current
in t
h
e
in
du
ctor
.
I
t
h
a
s b
e
en
stud
ied th
at th
e ef
ficiency
of t
h
e
DC to
DC c
o
nverter is
m
a
xim
u
m
for
a b
u
ck
c
o
n
v
ert
e
r.
In
t
h
i
s
ca
se
buc
k c
o
nve
rt
er
has
bee
n
use
d
fo
r P
V
p
o
w
e
r
e
d
s
a
i
l
i
n
g
b
o
a
t
sy
st
em
w
h
ich
r
e
qu
ir
es 11
0 V at th
e
ou
tpu
t
end
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
.
C
i
rcui
t
D
i
agram
of B
u
ck C
onvert
er
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
.
W
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
B
u
ck
C
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
The
v
o
l
t
a
ge ac
ross
t
h
e
i
n
duct
o
r
L i
s
,i
n
gene
r
a
l
[1
4]
,
(
1
)
Ass
u
m
i
ng t
h
at
t
h
e i
n
duct
o
r
cu
rre
nt
ri
ses
l
i
n
e
a
rl
y
fr
om
I
1
to
I
2
in
tim
e t
1
,
∆
(
2
)
∆
(
3
)
And t
h
e inductor curre
nt falls
s linearly from
I
2
to
I
1
in
tim
e t
2,
∆
(
4
)
∆
(
5
)
Whe
r
e
∆
i
s
t
h
e
peak
t
o
pea
k
ri
ppl
e c
u
rre
nt
o
f
t
h
e i
n
duct
o
r
L.
∆
(
6
)
Sub
s
titu
tin
g
and
1
yields the a
v
era
g
e
output
as:
(
7
)
The s
w
i
t
c
hi
n
g
peri
od
T ca
n
b
e
ex
pres
sed
as:
∆
∆
∆
(
8
)
Thi
s
gi
ves
t
h
e peak
t
o
pea
k
ri
ppl
e
c
u
rre
nt
as
:
∆
(
9
)
∆
(
1
0
)
And t
h
e the
pe
ak to pea
k
ripple voltage
of t
h
e capacitor is:
∆
(
1
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
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-86
94
I
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S
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l. 6
,
No
. 1
,
Mar
c
h
2
015
:
12
9
–
13
6
13
2
3.
2. Calculation
and Specific
a
ti
on for
De
signin
g
Require
d PV and
Con
v
erter
Model
Usually it has been seen that a single 1.5 HP
dc
m
o
to
r is sufficient
fo
r carry
in
g 4
passen
g
er
s
weighing approxim
a
tely 350
kg in a P
V
powere
d
sailing
boat and if the
conve
r
ter effic
i
ency is considered as
95
% t
h
e
n
,
I
/
P to th
e cho
p
p
e
r = (1
.5
×7
46)
/0
.95
=
1
178
W
a
tt (A
pr
ox)
I/
P t
o
t
h
e c
h
op
per=
o/
p
of
PV
pa
nel
If si
ng
le p
a
n
e
l
is o
f
300
watt.
N
o
of
p
a
n
e
l= (1
.5
×746
)
/
(
0
.85
×
300
) =3.9
≈
4.
3.
2.
1.
M
o
del
i
n
g
of
PV
Arr
a
y
Usi
n
g
M
a
tl
a
b
He
re i
n
t
h
e M
a
t
l
a
b si
m
u
l
a
ti
on
of
a
PV
m
odul
e t
h
e
param
e
t
e
rs o
f
t
h
e s
o
l
a
r cel
l
s
are
bei
n
g
t
a
ke
n as
30
0
-
wat
t
M
o
d
u
l
e
. The val
u
e
of Vo
c fo
r t
h
e
m
odul
e i
s
44.
72
v
o
l
t
.
As 7
2
sol
a
r cel
l
s
are bei
n
g co
nne
ct
ed i
n
series so ind
i
vid
u
a
l for a so
lar cell it is co
min
g
44
.72
/
72=0
.
6
2vo
lt. Six so
lar
cells ar
e co
nn
ceted
in
ser
i
es
first,the
n
they
are m
a
sked int
o
a
s
ubsy
s
t
e
m
& t
h
ree i
n
a s
e
ri
es are
bei
n
g
adde
d t
o
m
a
ke i
t
18 a
nd t
h
e
n
t
w
o
sub
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
of 18
are c
o
nnect
ed i
n
seri
es
t
o
m
a
ke 3
6
. T
h
en t
w
o s
u
bsy
s
t
e
m
s
of
3
6
are
bei
n
g c
o
n
n
ect
e
d
t
o
m
a
ke it a m
odule of
72 s
o
lar
cells and finally 4
P
V
m
o
dules are c
o
neected
in se
ries[15-21].
Fi
gu
re
5.
M
o
d
e
l
l
i
ng o
f
Si
x s
o
l
a
r cel
l
s
are c
o
nncet
e
d
i
n
seri
es
Fi
gu
re 6.
Fo
ur
PV pa
nel
s
are
connected in s
e
ries
Th
ere after it
has to
b
e
seen
wh
eth
e
r th
e m
o
del is wo
rk
in
g
prop
erly
o
r
no
t.
It is also to b
e
seen
i
f
th
e
V
oc
is c
o
m
i
ng correct
or not & I
sc
is
com
i
ng c
o
rrect
or not.
It is res
p
ectively done
by m
a
king t
h
e load
resi
st
ance,
whi
c
h i
s
con
n
ect
e
d
t
o
t
h
e o
u
t
p
ut
of t
h
e m
odul
e
,
very
hi
g
h
(i
n
orde
r o
f
1
5
.
5
6×1
0
6
Ω
) to
get th
e
val
u
e of V
oc
& ag
ain
r
e
du
cing
it to
a v
e
r
y
no
m
i
n
a
l v
a
lu
e of
15
.5
6×10
-6
Ω
to
g
e
t th
e sho
r
t circu
it cu
rrent. Th
e
sol
a
r i
n
s
o
l
a
t
i
o
n i
s
t
a
ken as 1
0
0
0
w
/
m
^
2
. For get
t
i
ng m
a
xi
m
u
m
powe
r
v
o
l
t
a
ge an
d m
a
xi
m
u
m
pow
er
cur
r
ent
the val
u
e
of load
resistance s
h
ould be
(V
m
/ I
m
) 17
.5
3
Ω
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
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S
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208
8-8
6
9
4
S
o
l
a
r
Phot
ovol
t
a
i
c
Pow
e
red Sai
li
ng
Boat
U
s
in
g
Bu
c
k
C
o
n
v
er
t
e
r
(
S
o
u
m
y
a
D
a
s
)
13
3
Fi
gu
re
7.
Fl
o
w
cha
r
t
al
g
o
ri
t
h
m
of PV m
o
d
u
l
e un
de
r M
a
t
l
a
b si
m
u
l
i
n
k
Table 1. Speci
fication
of Single
PV
m
o
dule
No. of
cells per
M
odule
M
a
x
i
mu
m
Power
(watt)
Open
Circuit
Voltage
(Vo
c
) Vo
lt
Shor
t
Circuit
Cu
rren
t
(Isc)
A
m
p
M
a
x
i
mu
m
Power
Voltage
(V)
M
a
x
i
mu
m
Power
Cu
rren
t
(A)
W
e
ight
(Kg
)
(
A
pr
ox)
Dim
e
nsions
(
L
ength ×
W
i
dth ×
Depth)
(
A
pr
ox)
72
300
44.
72
8.
62
35.
86
8.
18
23
77
m
m
× 39
m
m
×
1
.
5
mm
3.
2.
2. M
o
del
i
n
g of
B
u
ck C
o
n
v
erter
Aft
e
r t
h
at
t
h
e m
odul
e i
s
con
n
ect
ed
wi
t
h
a buc
k c
o
n
v
ert
e
r
t
o
m
a
ke t
h
e Voc
val
u
e st
e
p
d
o
w
n
upt
o
1
10v
o
lt.In do
i
n
g th
at th
e
p
a
ra
m
e
ters o
f
bu
ck
co
nv
erter is t
a
k
e
n as
fo
llows:
Fs=10
0kh
z,
∆
30%
(A
ccor
d
i
n
g t
o
I
E
C
harm
oni
cs s
h
o
u
l
d
be
b
o
u
n
d
ed
wi
t
h
i
n
30
%.),
∆
5
%
(A
cco
r
d
i
ng
to
I
E
C h
a
r
m
o
n
i
cs
shou
ld
b
e
bou
nd
ed
w
ith
in
5%)
,
I/
P vol
t
a
ge i
s
t
a
ken as, V
in
=3
5.86
×4
=143
.4
vo
lt
≈
1
44
vol
t
(ap
r
ox
),
O/
p v
o
l
t
a
ge i
s
t
a
ken as,
V
o
=11
0vo
lt.
O/
p l
o
ad
cu
rre
nt
i
s
t
a
ke
n as
.I
o
=8.
2
5
A
(a
pr
ox
).
So f
r
o
m
t
h
e above
dat
a
d
u
t
y
cy
cl
e i
s
t
o
be cal
cul
a
t
e
d as,
D=7
6
.
6
8%, c
u
rre
nt
ri
p
p
l
e
Δ
I
L
= 3.2
4
am
p,
I
ndu
cto
r
v
a
l
u
e, L=8.016
×10
-5
H, Cap
acito
r valu
e, C=0
.
7
3
uF.
Fi
gu
re
8.
Fl
o
w
c
h
art
al
go
ri
t
h
m
of B
u
c
k
c
o
nve
rt
er
u
nde
r
M
a
t
l
a
b sim
u
l
i
n
k
3.
2.
3. M
o
del
i
n
g of
PV
Wi
t
h
B
u
ck
C
o
n
v
er
t
er
Mo
d
e
ling
o
f
PV
ar
r
a
y an
d buck
co
nv
er
ter
is alr
ead
y
d
i
scu
s
sed
ear
lier
.
From
th
e abov
e
d
i
scu
ssion it
has bee
n
seen
t
h
at
i
nput
o
f
t
h
e cho
ppe
r i
s
t
h
e out
p
u
t
o
f
PV
panel
.
N
o
w t
h
e pv m
odel
and t
h
e b
u
ck c
o
n
v
ert
e
r
i
s
bei
ng i
m
pl
em
ent
e
d i
n
t
h
e s
a
m
e
ci
rcui
t
wh
ere o
u
t
p
ut
fr
o
m
t
h
e PV array
i
s
fed t
o
t
h
e i
n
put
of
buc
k c
o
nve
rt
er
usi
n
g m
a
t
l
a
b si
m
u
li
nk.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
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088
-86
94
I
J
PED
S
Vo
l. 6
,
No
. 1
,
Mar
c
h
2
015
:
12
9
–
13
6
13
4
Fi
gu
re
9.
Fl
o
w
c
h
art
al
go
ri
t
h
m
of P
V
with Bu
ck
co
nv
erter
u
n
d
e
r Matlab sim
u
lin
k
4.
RES
U
LTS AN
D DIS
C
US
SION
As
di
scus
sed
e
a
rl
i
e
r 4
P
V
m
odul
es
are c
o
nn
ect
ed i
n
seri
es
t
o
ge
ne
rat
e
1
1
7
8
W
a
t
t
.
N
o
w
i
t
has
bee
n
shown in Ta
ble 2 that each P
V
m
odule can
gene
rate
m
a
xim
u
m
powe
r
voltage and
current are of 35.
8
6 Volt
and
8.
1
8
Am
p respect
i
v
el
y
.
So t
h
e m
a
xim
u
m
power
o
u
t
put
vol
t
a
ge
of
t
h
e PV ar
ray
i
s
143
.4
4
Vo
l
t
.
B
u
t
according to t
h
e sim
u
lation graph t
h
e
voltage is approxim
ately 144.
30 Volt
and curre
nt is 8.
2 approxim
ately.
All the e
x
peri
mental values
are
nearly
sam
e
as
with t
h
e theoretical ones
.
Th
e sli
g
h
t
d
i
fferen
c
e in th
e
valu
es is
not
ham
p
eri
n
g t
h
e
p
r
op
ose
d
m
odel
.
Fig
u
re
10
.
Simu
latio
n
resu
lt of m
a
x
i
m
u
m
v
o
ltag
e
, curren
t an
d power in
PV array
Si
m
ilarly, from
th
e ab
ov
e calcu
l
atio
n
o
u
t
p
u
t v
o
ltag
e
fo
r t
h
e bu
ck
con
v
e
rt
er is 110
Vo
lt.
Bu
t fo
rm
th
e
si
m
u
latio
n
result th
e ou
tpu
t
v
o
ltag
e
is 113
.1
0
Vo
lt an
d ou
tput cu
rren
t is 11
.1
0 Am
p
.
Fi
gu
re
1
1
.
Si
m
u
l
a
t
i
on re
sul
t
o
f
B
u
c
k
c
o
nve
rt
er
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PED
S
I
S
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:
208
8-8
6
9
4
S
o
l
a
r
Phot
ovol
t
a
i
c
Pow
e
red Sai
li
ng
Boat
U
s
in
g
Bu
c
k
C
o
n
v
er
t
e
r
(
S
o
u
m
y
a
D
a
s
)
13
5
Lik
e
wise, after co
m
b
in
in
g
b
o
th
th
e PV and
co
nv
erter circuit in
Matlab
si
m
u
l
i
n
k
th
e
Outp
u
t
vo
ltag
e
of P
V
ar
ray
1
4
4
.
3
0
V
o
l
t
w
h
i
c
h i
s
al
so t
h
e i
nput
vol
t
a
ge
of b
u
c
k
co
nv
ert
e
r. N
o
w t
h
e
out
p
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
buc
k
co
nv
er
ter
is
110
.4
4 Vo
lt.
Fig
u
re
12
.
Si
m
u
la
tio
n
resu
lt
of PV
with
B
u
ck
5. CO
N
C
L
U
S
I
ON
So
lar PV
p
o
wered sailin
g bo
at using
b
u
c
k
co
nv
erte
r is propo
sed h
e
re. Th
e effectiv
en
ess
o
f
the
p
r
op
o
s
ed
co
n
t
ro
l sch
e
m
e
is t
e
sted
. Th
is is
a n
e
w
and
inno
v
a
tiv
e app
licatio
n
wh
ich
is fu
lly env
i
ro
nmen
tal
fri
en
dl
y
an
d
i
s
alm
o
st
pol
ut
i
o
n
l
e
ss. As
t
h
e up
pe
r
p
o
r
t
i
on of
t
h
e boat
i
s
u
nus
ed
,
s
o
l
a
r pa
nel
s
are
i
m
pl
em
ent
e
d
in
th
at p
o
rtio
n q
u
ite easily,
n
o
ex
tra sp
ace is req
u
i
red
.
Fu
el co
st is n
o
t
req
u
i
red
in
d
a
y ti
m
e
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
of sun
lig
h
t
. lastly, en
erg
y
p
a
y b
a
ck p
e
riod
will b
e
lesser th
an
d
i
esel run
bo
at.
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ES
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ical
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I
S
SN
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BIOGRAP
HI
ES OF
AUTH
ORS
Soumy
a
Das r
e
ceived h
i
s Bachelor degree
in
200
7 from WB
UT; He received h
i
s Post-Graduate
degree
in 2010
from Jadavpur University
, Wes
t
Benga
l, India.
Currently
, he is
working as an
Assistant Professor in Electrical
Engineering Department of Univ
ersity
Institute of Technolo
g
y
,
Burdwan Univers
i
t
y
, India
.
He has
total exp
e
ri
en
ce of 5
years
in teaching
.
He is
pres
entl
y
pursuing Ph.D. p
r
ogramme at th
e Department of
El
ectrical Engin
eering
,
Indian S
c
hool of Min
e
s,
Dhanbad-82600
4, India. He h
a
s
guided
a large n
o
.
of B
.
Tech
an
d M. Tech
students. His cur
r
ent
a
r
e
a
s
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
a
r
e
s
o
l
a
r
photo
voltaic s
y
s
t
e
m
,
p
o
w
e
r
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
a
i
d
e
d
power s
y
s
t
em
an
al
y
s
is
, High
Volt
age
Engine
ering
.
Pradip Kumar Sadhu received h
i
s Bachelor
, Post
-Graduate
and Ph.D. (Engin
eer
in
g) degrees in
1997,
1999 and 2002
respectively
in Electrical
Engg.
from Jadav
pur Univer
sity
, West
Bengal,
India. Curr
ently
,
he is working as a Professor
in Electrical Eng
i
neer
ing Department of Indian
School of Mines, Dhanbad,
India. He has total ex
perien
ce of
18
y
ears in teaching
and industr
y
.
He has four Paten
t
s. He has
several journ
a
l
and conferen
ce publications in national and
intern
ation
a
l lev
e
l. He is prin
cip
a
l investigat
or o
f
few Govt. funded projects. He has guided a
large no
. of do
ctoral
candid
a
tes and M. Tech st
udents
.
His
curr
ent ar
eas
of
inte
res
t
are
power
electronics applications, app
l
ic
ation of high fr
equency
conver
t
er, energ
y
efficien
t
devices
,
energ
y
efficient drives,
computer aid
e
d power
s
y
stem analy
s
is, condition monitoring,
lighting
and communication s
y
stems for
underground co
al mines.
Nitai P
a
l r
ece
ive
d
his
B.Tech
. an
d M
.
Tech
. degre
e
s
in Ele
c
tri
cal
Engine
ering fro
m
Univers
i
t
y
of
Calcutta, West Bengal,
India. He received his
Ph.D. (Engi
neering) from Jadavpur University
,
West Bengal, In
dia. He h
a
s
tot
a
l
experi
enc
e
of t
w
elve
ye
ars
in t
e
aching
.
He is
cu
rrentl
y
working
as an Assistant Professor in the
Department of
Electrical Eng
i
n
eering
,
Indian School of Mines,
Dhanbad, Jhark
h
and, Ind
i
a. He
has sev
e
ral pu
blications
in Jo
urnals, In
tern
ational
& National
conferen
ces. He is th
e co-
i
nvestigator
of Govt f
unded project.
His current ar
eas of interest
are
P
o
wer elec
tronic
s
applic
ation
,
ap
plic
ation of h
i
gh
frequenc
y
conv
erters
,
energ
y
eff
i
ci
ent dev
i
ces
,
energ
y
efficien
t drives, light
ing
and communication s
y
stems
for u
nderground co
al
mines.
Gourav M
a
jum
d
er
received h
i
s
Bachelor degr
ee in 2012
from
WBUT, West Be
ngal, India. He
received h
i
s Post-Graduate de
g
r
ee (Specialization in Power
&
Energ
y
S
y
s
t
em)
in 2014
from
KIIT university
Odisha.
Saswata Mukher
j
ee
w
a
s born in 1993. He receiv
ed his Bach
elor degree in
electr
i
cal engineering
in 2014 from W
B
UT, West B
e
n
g
al, India.
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