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l
y
u
n
it
y
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
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,
r
ed
u
ce
E
MI
,
g
o
o
d
in
p
u
t
-
o
u
tp
u
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
lo
w
o
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tp
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t
v
o
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e
r
ip
p
le,
h
ig
h
p
o
w
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co
n
v
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s
io
n
,
u
n
i
v
er
s
al
in
p
u
t
r
an
g
e
(
1
0
0
-
2
5
0
v
o
lts
)
ac
r
m
s
,
lo
w
co
s
t.
T
h
e
P
FC
tech
n
iq
u
es
ca
n
b
e
eith
er
ac
tiv
e
P
FC
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
r
p
ass
iv
e
P
F
C
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
[
7
]
.
A
p
ass
iv
e
P
FC
tech
n
iq
u
e
i
n
v
o
lv
es
r
ea
cti
v
e
ele
m
en
ts
(
L
C
f
i
lter
s
)
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
li
n
e
a
n
d
d
io
d
e
r
ec
tif
i
er
to
i
m
p
r
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v
e
t
h
e
s
h
ap
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o
f
l
i
n
e
c
u
r
r
en
t.
T
h
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
b
e
in
g
s
i
m
p
le,
r
o
b
u
s
t
,
r
eliab
le
an
d
r
u
g
g
ed
,
it
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
s
ize,
w
eig
h
t
an
d
v
o
l
u
m
e
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
in
th
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
is
n
o
t
co
n
tr
o
llab
le
an
d
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
h
i
g
h
l
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
.
A
cti
v
e
s
w
i
tch
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
w
i
t
h
th
e
r
ea
cti
v
e
ele
m
en
t
s
in
a
ct
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e
P
FC
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
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m
p
r
o
v
in
g
t
h
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s
h
ap
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o
f
li
n
e
cu
r
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en
t
an
d
to
o
b
tai
n
co
n
tr
o
llab
le
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
[
8
]
[
9
]
.
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
is
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
at
h
i
g
h
er
f
r
eq
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e
n
c
y
t
o
o
b
tain
a
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
lin
e
cu
r
r
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n
t
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
as
wh
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e
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ate
g
ies
f
o
r
P
FC
co
n
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
in
v
es
tig
ated
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
es r
e
v
ie
w
ed
an
d
an
al
y
ze
d
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
P
FC
is
m
o
r
e
f
a
v
o
u
r
ab
le
th
a
n
b
u
c
k
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d
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ter
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ter
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s
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f
p
ea
k
cu
r
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t
s
tr
es
s
a
n
d
ef
f
ici
en
c
y
.
De
s
i
g
n
,
d
etailed
m
o
d
ell
in
g
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d
s
i
m
u
lat
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f
a
D
C
/
DC
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o
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s
t
co
n
v
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ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
[
1
1
]
.
A
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
b
o
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s
t
c
o
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
p
lu
g
-
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y
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r
id
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tr
ic
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eh
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(
HE
V)
b
atter
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ch
ar
g
er
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
te
d
[
1
2
]
.
Var
io
u
s
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
av
ailab
le
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
m
p
r
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v
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m
en
t
o
f
t
h
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f
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n
ctio
n
a
lit
y
o
f
t
h
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
ex
p
lain
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
alg
o
r
ith
m
an
d
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
to
r
ed
u
ce
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
[
1
3
]
.
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
d
esi
g
n
,
an
al
y
s
is
tu
n
n
in
g
r
u
le
s
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
[
1
4
]
[
1
5
]
.
B
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
is
u
s
ed
a
s
v
o
lta
g
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
in
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
er
e
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
i
s
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
al
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
DC
-
DC
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
er
m
it
s
o
p
tim
a
l
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
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ter
at
an
y
lo
a
d
co
n
d
itio
n
w
it
h
o
u
t
r
etu
n
i
n
g
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
r
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
f
ail
u
r
e
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
f
ex
te
n
d
e
d
lin
ea
r
izatio
n
is
u
s
ed
to
d
es
ig
n
t
h
e
s
tab
iliz
in
g
n
o
n
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li
n
ea
r
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
th
at
r
eg
u
late
to
a
co
n
s
tan
t
v
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lu
e
eith
er
t
h
e
a
v
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g
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o
u
tp
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t
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lt
ag
e
o
r
t
h
e
a
v
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ag
e
i
n
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
DC
-
D
C
p
o
w
er
co
n
v
er
ter
s
[
1
8
]
[
1
9
]
.
A
b
r
ie
f
lo
o
k
at
lear
n
i
n
g
th
e
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
s
o
m
e
o
f
its
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
in
g
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
s
im
u
lated
as
w
ell
a
s
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
s
et
-
u
p
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
.
B
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
er
ter
i
s
b
ein
g
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
th
is
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
,
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
a
n
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
i
s
f
ed
to
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
to
g
en
er
ate
t
h
e
p
u
l
s
es
w
h
ic
h
is
f
ed
to
th
e
MO
S
FET
u
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
is
o
latio
n
cir
cu
it
(
T
L
P
2
5
0
)
w
h
ic
h
is
u
s
ed
to
is
o
late
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
a
n
d
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
cir
cu
it.
Var
io
u
s
o
b
s
er
v
a
tio
n
s
w
er
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
f
o
r
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
,
v
ar
y
i
n
g
th
e
lo
ad
w
h
er
e
r
esi
s
ti
v
e
lo
ad
is
tak
e
n
in
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
.
2.
P
RINCI
P
L
E
A
ND
O
P
E
RA
T
I
O
N
V
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
s
i
n
a
p
u
r
el
y
r
esi
s
ti
v
e
A
C
c
ir
cu
it
ar
e
in
s
tep
(
o
r
in
p
h
ase)
,
ch
an
g
in
g
p
o
lar
ity
at
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
i
n
s
ta
n
t
i
n
ea
ch
c
y
cle
an
d
a
ll
p
o
w
er
i
s
co
n
s
u
m
ed
by
t
h
e
lo
ad
.
P
o
w
er
cir
cu
i
t
o
f
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
A
C
s
u
p
p
l
y
,
r
ec
tif
ier
,
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
cir
cu
i
t
an
d
r
esis
tiv
e
lo
ad
w
h
er
ea
s
co
n
tr
o
l
cir
cu
it
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
b
lo
ck
i.e
.
P
FC
co
n
tr
o
ller
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
A
li
n
ea
r
lo
ad
d
o
n
o
t
ch
an
g
e
th
e
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
t
h
e
s
h
ap
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o
f
cu
r
r
en
t,
b
u
t
m
a
y
ch
a
n
g
e
s
th
e
p
h
ase
b
et
w
ee
n
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
lta
g
e
w
h
er
ea
s
th
e
n
on
-
li
n
ea
r
lo
ad
s
ch
an
g
e
t
h
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
f
r
o
m
a
s
i
n
e
w
a
v
e
to
s
o
m
e
o
th
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
d
g
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n
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ates t
h
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
cu
r
r
en
t
s
in
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d
itio
n
to
t
h
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ac
t
u
a
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(
f
u
n
d
a
m
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f
r
eq
u
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c
y
)
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r
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Fig
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co
m
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w
it
h
t
h
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as
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h
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o
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ir
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o
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etails.
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h
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ap
p
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is
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t
to
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lo
g
y
[
2
1
]
[
2
2
]
,
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
to
g
eth
er
w
it
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ic
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n
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o
ller
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all
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ip
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t v
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ce
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t p
o
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l
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atio
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1
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P
o
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r
Circ
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Ma
in
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p
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p
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f
f
ic
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y
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h
e
d
c
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d
c
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s
t
co
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r
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-
r
eg
u
la
to
r
ap
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s
[
2
3
]
[
2
4
]
.
W
ith
t
h
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t
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r
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t
h
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s
ag
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k
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t c
o
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asic
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th
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o
s
t
co
n
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ter
is
s
h
o
w
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in
F
ig
u
r
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1
.
Her
e,
L
is
th
e
in
d
u
c
to
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an
d
R
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r
esis
to
r
w
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r
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ated
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tech
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V
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p
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t
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o
w
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lar
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in
p
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t V
s
.
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u
r
e
2
(
a
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.
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ir
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a
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f
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D
C
b
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ter
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u
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2
(
b
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.
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t c
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ter
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h
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w
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t
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r
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cu
r
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en
t
t
h
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in
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r
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t
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ti
m
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s
cu
r
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en
t
is
s
to
r
ed
in
to
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
.
A
b
o
v
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F
ig
u
r
e
2
(
a
)
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
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ter
o
p
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o
n
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ta
t
e.
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n
th
is
s
tate
o
f
o
p
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atio
n
th
e
s
w
i
tch
w
ill
b
e
in
clo
s
ed
s
tat
e
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o
th
at
V
s
w
ill
b
e
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
lta
g
e
ap
p
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r
o
s
s
in
d
u
cto
r
.
ON
State
s
b
eg
in
s
w
h
en
M
OSFET
is
s
w
itc
h
ed
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n
a
t
t
=
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ter
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at
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=
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on
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n
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ig
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2
(
b
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s
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p
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=T
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d
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r
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ltag
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o
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th
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in
t
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s
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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PEDS
I
SS
N:
2088
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8
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Ha
r
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w
a
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mp
leme
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tio
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in
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tio
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a
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K
.
J.
)
793
T
im
e
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n
te
g
r
al
o
f
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u
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s
tead
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tate
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v
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m
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p
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m
u
s
t
b
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r
o
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
s
ON
th
e
in
d
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m
a
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m
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ca
p
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.
(
)
(
1
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(
)
(
2
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w
h
er
e
V
s
is
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
v
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g
e,
V
o
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th
e
a
v
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o
u
tp
u
t
v
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t
on
is
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
o
n
ti
m
e
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f
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GB
T
,
t
off
is
th
e
s
w
itc
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in
g
o
f
f
ti
m
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o
f
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GB
T
,
T
s
is
th
e
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
p
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io
d
,
D
is
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle.
2
.
2
.
Co
ntr
o
l
Circ
uit
I
m
ple
m
ent
a
t
io
n
f
o
r
P
I
Co
ntr
o
ller
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
lo
o
p
an
d
t
h
e
co
m
p
en
s
ati
n
g
cu
r
r
e
n
t e
r
r
o
r
a
m
p
li
f
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f
o
r
t
h
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cla
s
s
ical
ap
p
r
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ac
h
o
f
t
h
e
b
o
o
s
t
P
FC
co
n
v
er
ter
o
p
er
ated
u
s
i
n
g
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
is
ess
e
n
tial
to
m
a
in
ta
in
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e.
I
n
th
i
s
Fi
g
u
r
e
3,
V
o
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
t
o
th
e
P
u
ls
e
W
id
th
Mo
d
u
lato
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an
d
th
e
o
u
tp
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t
o
f
t
h
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P
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M
is
co
m
p
ar
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w
ith
V
ref
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to
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e
co
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(
PI)
an
d
th
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ad
d
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w
it
h
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s
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h
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s
y
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m
.
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PI
C
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l
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r
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f
V
s
V
s
R
L
0
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1
(
1
-
D
)
e
r
r
o
r
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
lo
s
ed
L
o
o
p
S
y
s
te
m
B
o
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s
t
P
FC
C
o
n
v
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ter
f
o
r
P
I
C
o
n
tr
o
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T
h
e
s
tead
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s
tate
ti
m
e
i
n
teg
r
al
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
v
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lta
g
e
f
o
r
o
n
e
c
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cle
ca
n
b
e
w
r
it
ten
b
elo
w
s
i
n
ce
th
e
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
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ter
o
p
er
ates in
t
w
o
m
o
d
es:
s
in
di
V
=
L
*
dt
(
3
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Usi
n
g
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ap
lace
T
r
an
s
f
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m
at
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n
,
ss
V
(
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s
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(
s
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(
4
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V
(
s
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=
i
(
s
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*
R
(
5
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s
o
V
(
s
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V
(
s
)
=
*
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sL
o
s
V
(
s
)
R
=
V
(
s
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s
L
(
6
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E
q
u
atio
n
(
6
)
b
ein
g
b
asic
L
ap
l
ac
e
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
eq
u
a
tio
n
o
f
th
e
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
.
i
o
s
p
o
r
e
f
K
R
V
=
*
V
+
K
+
*
V
-
V
s
L
s
(
7
)
T
ak
in
g
V
ref
=0
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
7
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No
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3
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Sep
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b
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2
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794
i
o
p
o
s
K
R
1
R
V
+
*
K
+
*
*
V
=
V
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s
L
s
1
-
D
s
L
(
8
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T
r
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
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n
o
f
clo
s
ed
lo
o
p
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te
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i
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p
R
V
sL
=
K
R1
V
1
+
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+
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s
L
s
1
-
D
(
9
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T
h
e
K
p
an
d
K
i
v
alu
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i
s
ca
lcu
la
ted
b
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s
i
n
g
M
A
T
L
A
B
.
3.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
AND
E
XP
E
RIM
E
NT
A
L
S
E
T
-
UP
WI
T
H
RE
S
UL
T
S
3
.
1
.
Si
m
ula
t
io
n Re
s
ults
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
l
t
co
m
p
r
is
es
o
f
s
i
m
u
latio
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
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ter
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s
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a
l a
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
W
il
li
a
m
s
J.B.
De
sig
n
o
f
fee
d
b
a
c
k
lo
o
p
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n
u
n
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y
p
o
we
r
fa
c
t
o
r
AC
to
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rte
r
.
2
0
th
A
n
n
u
a
l
IEE
E
in
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
S
p
e
c
ialists Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
.
1
9
8
9
;
2
:
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5
9
-
9
6
7
.
[2
]
L
a
i
J
-
S
,
Hu
rst
D,
Ke
y
T
.
6
S
wit
c
h
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mo
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p
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ly
p
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to
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imp
ro
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me
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t
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a
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ix
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A
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u
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l
Co
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f
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n
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a
n
d
Ex
p
o
siti
o
n
in
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p
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P
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El
e
c
tro
n
ics
.
1
9
9
1
:
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1
5
-
4
2
2
.
[3
]
Re
d
lt
,
Rich
a
rd
.
P
o
w
e
r
-
fa
c
to
r
c
o
rre
c
ti
o
n
in
sin
g
le
-
p
h
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s
e
s
w
it
c
h
in
g
-
m
o
d
e
p
o
w
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su
p
p
li
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s
-
a
n
o
v
e
rv
iew
.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
.
1
9
9
4
;
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7
(
5
):
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-
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2
.
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IJ
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3
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2
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:
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798
[4
]
Jia
p
e
i
Jin
,
T
ian
ti
a
n
Ch
e
n
,
S
h
a
o
z
e
Su
.
A
Co
n
tro
l
S
trate
g
y
f
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r
S
i
n
g
le
p
h
a
se
G
rid
Co
n
n
e
c
ted
I
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
P
o
w
e
r
Qu
a
li
ty
Re
g
u
lato
ry
F
u
n
c
ti
o
n
.
T
E
L
KOM
NIKA
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
2
0
1
4
;
1
2
(
1
):
2
2
5
-
2
3
3
.
[5
]
S
in
g
h
B.
,
S
i
n
g
h
B.
N.,
C
h
a
n
d
ra
A
.
,
A
l
-
Ha
d
d
a
d
K.,
P
a
n
d
e
y
A
.
,
K
o
th
a
ri
D.
P
.
A
re
v
ie
w
o
f
sin
g
le
-
p
h
a
se
im
p
ro
v
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
A
C
-
DC c
o
n
v
e
rters
.
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
.
2
0
0
3
;
50(
5
):
9
62
-
9
8
1
.
[6
]
G
a
r
c
ia
O.,
Co
b
o
s
J.A
.
,
P
rieto
R
.
,
A
lo
u
P
.
a
n
d
Uc
e
d
a
J.
S
i
n
g
le
p
h
a
se
p
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
to
r
c
o
rre
c
ti
o
n
:
a
su
rv
e
y
.
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
i
c
s
.
2
0
0
3
;
18
(
3
):
7
4
9
-
7
5
5
.
[7
]
Ch
o
Y
o
u
n
g
h
o
o
n
.
A
L
o
w
Co
st
S
in
g
le
S
w
it
c
h
Brid
g
e
les
s
Bo
o
st
P
F
C
Co
n
v
e
rter
.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
PE
DS
)
.
2
0
1
4
;
4
(
2
):
2
5
6
-
2
6
4
.
[8
]
Ko
c
h
e
r
M
a
rk
J.,
S
teig
e
r
w
a
ld
R.
L
.
A
n
A
C
-
to
-
DC
Co
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
Hig
h
Qu
a
li
ty
In
p
u
t
W
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
s
.
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stry
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
.
1
9
8
3
;
1
9
(
4
):
5
8
6
-
5
9
9
.
[9
]
W
a
ll
,
S
i
m
o
n
a
n
d
Ja
c
k
so
n
Ro
b
in
.
F
a
st
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
d
e
sig
n
f
o
r
sin
g
le
-
p
h
a
se
p
o
w
e
r
-
f
a
c
to
r
c
o
rre
c
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
s
.
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
El
e
c
tr
o
n
ics
.
1
9
9
7
:
6
5
4
-
6
6
0
.
[1
0
]
Ro
ss
e
tt
o
L
.
,
S
p
iaz
z
i
G
.
a
n
d
T
e
n
ti
P.
C
o
n
tro
l
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
p
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
to
r
c
o
rre
c
ti
o
n
c
o
n
v
e
rters
.
p
ro
c
.
PE
M
C.
1
9
9
4
;
94.
[1
1
]
Ha
sa
n
e
e
n
B.
M
.
,
a
n
d
A
d
e
l
A
.
El
b
a
se
t
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
.
De
sig
n
a
n
d
si
mu
la
ti
o
n
o
f
DC/DC
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
rte
r
.
1
2
th
IEE
E
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
M
id
d
le
-
Eas
t
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
st
e
m
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
.
2
0
0
8
:
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35
-
3
4
0
.
[1
2
]
Kh
a
n
S
.
A
,
Ak
tar
M
,
Ho
ss
a
in
M
d
.
Ism
a
il
.
S
in
g
le
P
h
a
se
P
F
C
Co
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
P
lu
g
-
in
Hy
b
rid
El
e
c
tri
c
V
e
h
icle
Ba
tt
e
ry
Ch
a
rg
e
rs.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
I
J
PE
DS
)
.
2
0
1
2
;
2
(
3
)
:
3
2
5
-
3
3
2
.
[1
3
]
Da
v
e
,
M
it
u
lk
u
m
a
r
R.
a
n
d
Da
v
e
K.
C
.
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
Bo
o
st
Co
n
v
e
rt
e
r
Us
in
g
P
I
Co
n
tro
l
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
T
re
n
d
s
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
2
0
1
2
.
[1
4
]
A
n
g
K
.
H
.
,
Ch
o
n
g
G
.
,
Yu
n
Li
.
P
ID
c
o
n
tro
l
sy
ste
m
a
n
a
l
y
sis,
d
e
sig
n
,
a
n
d
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
on
in
C
o
n
tro
l
S
y
ste
ms
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
2
0
0
5
;
13
(
4
):
5
5
9
-
5
7
6
.
[1
5
]
Dw
y
e
r
O
'
,
A
id
a
n
.
P
I
a
n
d
P
ID co
n
tro
ll
e
r
t
u
n
i
n
g
ru
les
:
a
n
o
v
e
rv
iew
a
n
d
p
e
rso
n
a
l
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
.
2
0
0
6
:
161
-
1
6
6
.
[1
6
]
L
e
n
in
e
D.,
Ba
b
u
Ch
.
S
a
i,
S
h
a
n
k
a
ra
iah
.
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
F
u
z
z
y
a
n
d
P
I
C
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
f
o
r
Bo
o
st
C
o
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
Ac
ti
v
e
P
F
C
.
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
PE
DS
)
.
2
0
1
2
;
2
(
4
):
4
4
5
-
4
5
3
.
[1
7
]
El
sh
a
e
r
M
.
,
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
A
.
,
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
O.
S
ma
rt
o
p
ti
ma
l
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
DC
-
DC
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
rte
r
in
PV
sy
ste
ms
.
IEE
E/
P
ES
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
a
n
d
Ex
p
o
siti
o
n
in
T
ra
n
s
m
issio
n
a
n
d
Distri
b
u
ti
o
n
:
L
a
ti
n
Am
e
rica
(
T
&
D
-
LA)
.
2
0
1
0
:
4
0
3
-
4
1
0
.
[1
8
]
S
ira
-
Ra
m
ir
e
z
.
De
sig
n
o
f
P
I
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
s
f
o
r
DC
-
to
-
DC
p
o
w
e
r
su
p
p
li
e
s
v
ia
e
x
ten
d
e
d
li
n
e
a
riza
ti
o
n
.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
n
tro
l
.
1
9
9
0
:
6
0
1
-
620
.
[1
9
]
G
ra
b
o
w
sk
i
E.
F
.
C.
,
Ja
p
p
e
T
.
K.,
M
u
ss
a
S
.
A
.
Disc
re
te
h
a
rd
wa
re
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
rs
d
e
sig
n
o
f
a
si
n
g
le
p
h
a
se
PF
C
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
rte
r wit
h
FP
GA
.
6
th
IET
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
in
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
s an
d
Driv
e
s
.
2
0
1
2
:
1
-
5
.
[2
0
]
M
a
h
a
to
B.
,
T
h
a
k
u
ra
P
.
R.
,
a
n
d
Ja
n
a
K.C.
Ha
rd
wa
re
d
e
si
g
n
a
n
d
i
mp
lem
e
n
ta
ti
o
n
o
f
Un
it
y
P
o
we
r
Fa
c
to
r
Rec
ti
fi
e
rs
u
sin
g
mic
ro
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
rs
.
6
th
I
EE
E
In
d
ia I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
in
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
(IIC
P
E)
.
2
0
1
4
:
1
-
5.
[2
1
]
M
a
tsu
i
K.,
Ya
m
a
m
o
to
L
.
,
Kish
i
T
.
,
Ha
s
e
g
a
wa
M
.
,
M
o
ri
H.
a
n
d
Ue
d
a
F.
A
c
o
mp
a
riso
n
o
f
v
a
ri
o
u
s
b
u
c
k
-
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
rte
rs
a
n
d
th
e
ir
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
t
o
PF
C
.
2
8
t
h
IEE
E
A
n
n
u
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
on
I
n
d
u
strial
E
lec
tro
n
ics
S
o
c
iety
.
IECON
.
20
02
;
1
:
30
-
3
6
.
[2
2
]
S
rin
iv
a
sa
n
R.
,
P
a
lan
iap
a
n
M
.
,
Oru
g
a
n
ti
R
.
A
sin
g
le
p
h
a
se
tw
o
-
s
wit
c
h
b
u
c
k
typ
e
AC
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rte
r
to
p
o
lo
g
y
wit
h
in
d
u
c
to
r vo
l
ta
g
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
.
2
8
th
A
n
n
u
a
l
IE
EE
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
S
p
e
c
ialists Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
.
1
9
9
7
;
1
:
5
5
6
-
563
.
[2
3
]
F
u
n
a
b
ik
i,
S
h
ig
e
y
u
k
i,
T
o
it
a
No
riy
u
k
i
a
n
d
M
e
c
h
i
A
b
d
a
ll
a
h
.
A
si
n
g
l
e
-
p
h
a
se
PW
M
AC
to
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rte
r
wit
h
a
ste
p
u
p
/
d
o
w
n
v
o
lt
a
g
e
a
n
d
sin
u
so
i
d
a
l
so
u
rc
e
c
u
rr
e
n
t
.
A
n
n
u
a
l
M
e
e
ti
n
g
IEE
E
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
In
d
u
str
y
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
S
o
c
iety
.
1
9
9
1
:
1
0
1
7
-
1
0
2
2
.
[2
4
]
Ka
tao
k
a
,
T
e
ru
o
,
M
izu
m
a
c
h
i
K
a
n
d
M
iy
a
iri
S
h
o
ta
.
A
p
u
lse
w
id
th
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
d
A
C
-
to
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter
to
i
m
p
ro
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
to
r
a
n
d
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
A
C
li
n
e
c
u
rre
n
t
.
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
In
d
u
stry
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
.
1
9
7
9
;
6
:
6
7
0
-
675
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
K
a
r
ti
k
e
s
h
K
u
m
a
r
J
h
a
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
M
.
E
a
n
d
B.
T
e
c
h
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
Birl
a
In
stit
u
te
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
M
e
sra
,
Ra
n
c
h
i
a
n
d
Dr.T
.
T
h
imm
a
iah
In
stit
u
te
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
K
G
F
,
(K
a
rn
a
tak
a
)
in
2
0
1
2
a
n
d
2
0
1
5
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
He
is
w
o
rk
in
g
a
s
a
ss
ist
a
n
t
p
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
in
m
o
ti
b
a
b
u
in
st
it
u
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o
f
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
in
th
e
d
e
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
.
His
m
a
in
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
s
A
C
Dri
v
e
s,
P
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
to
r
c
o
rre
c
ti
o
n
,
P
h
a
se
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
d
re
c
ti
f
iers
,
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rters
,
Co
n
v
e
rter,
a
n
d
Hy
b
rid
El
e
c
tri
c
V
e
h
icle
s.
B
id
y
u
t
M
a
h
a
to
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
M
.
E
a
n
d
B.
T
e
c
h
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
Birl
a
In
stit
u
te
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
M
e
sra
,
Ra
n
c
h
i
a
n
d
G
u
ru
Na
n
a
k
I
n
stit
u
te
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
in
2
0
1
4
a
n
d
2
0
1
1
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
.
S
in
c
e
2
0
1
4
,
h
e
is
w
o
rk
in
g
to
w
a
rd
s
th
e
P
h
.
D
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
In
d
ian
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
M
in
e
s,
Dh
a
n
b
a
d
i
n
th
e
d
e
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
His
m
a
i
n
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
i
n
c
lu
d
e
s
P
o
w
e
r
fa
c
to
r
c
o
rre
c
ti
o
n
,
P
h
a
se
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
d
re
c
ti
f
iers
,
M
u
lt
i
lev
e
l
in
v
e
rters
,
Co
n
v
e
rter,
A
C
Driv
e
s an
d
Hy
b
rid
El
e
c
tri
c
V
e
h
icle
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
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SS
N:
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-
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r
d
w
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r
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er F
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h
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stit
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o
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h
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ia.
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is
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e
m
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o
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re
a
o
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in
tere
st i
n
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lu
d
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s
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o
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tro
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ics
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h
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o
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a
g
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En
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g
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a
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m
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rt
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re
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h
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re
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o
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sig
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tatio
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t
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e
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c
o
n
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e
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.