In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
3, S
ep 2019,
pp.
1
4
4
6
~1
4
5
3
ISSN: 2088-
8694,
DOI
:
10.11591
/ijpeds.
v10.
i
3.pp1446-1453
1446
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
Development of active power
filter
usi
n
g rectifier b
o
ost
technique
D
y
g
k
u
A
n
iqn
a
tas
a
A
wg
O
sm
a
n
, R
ah
imi
Bah
a
rom,
D
al
in
a Joh
ar
i,
M
u
h
a
ma
d Na
bil Hida
ya
t,
Kh
ai
r
u
l S
a
fu
an
M
uh
ammad
Facul
t
y o
f
E
lect
r
i
cal
Engi
n
eer
ing
,
U
niversiti T
e
knol
ogi MARA
,
M
alay
si
a
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
Au
g
2
7
,
2
018
Re
vise
d Jan
2
5
, 2019
Ac
ce
p
t
ed
M
ar 1
5
,
2
019
The
development
o
f
active
powe
r
fi
l
t
er
(
A
P
F)
u
sing
r
ectif
ier
bo
ost
t
echn
i
qu
e
has
b
een
i
den
t
i
f
ied
t
o
c
om
pen
s
a
t
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
u
lsatin
g
natu
re
o
f
t
h
e
d
is
to
r
t
e
d
su
pp
ly
c
u
rrent
w
avef
orm
o
f
non-l
i
n
e
a
r
l
oad.
I
n
this
w
o
r
k
,
i
nv
e
s
ti
gatio
n
is
carried
o
u
t
o
n
th
e
op
erati
on
of
r
ecti
f
ier
wit
hou
t
an
y
fi
lt
ers
f
un
c
t
i
on.
T
h
i
s
is
th
en
e
xten
ded
t
o
operat
e
t
he
r
e
c
t
i
fi
er
c
on
vert
er
w
ith
a
n
act
ive
p
o
w
e
r
f
i
l
t
e
r
fu
nc
t
i
o
n
.
A
PF
fun
c
tion
i
s
imp
l
e
m
e
n
te
d
b
y
e
na
b
l
in
g
the
c
l
ose
d
-l
o
op
cont
rol
us
ing
s
t
andard
p
ropor
tional
int
e
gral
c
ont
rol
to
r
ect
i
f
y
t
h
e
dis
tort
ed
s
upply
curren
t
t
o
b
e
co
m
e
c
on
ti
nuo
u
s
,
s
i
nuso
i
d
a
l
an
d
i
n
-ph
a
se
w
it
h
t
h
e
su
pply
vo
lt
age
w
a
v
e
f
o
rm
.
Co
ns
equen
t
ly,
the
total
harmonic
d
i
s
t
o
r
tion
(
T
HD)
l
evel
was
redu
ced
t
o meet
t
he
accep
ta
bl
e
limit
d
e
f
i
n
ed
i
n
t
h
e
s
t
an
dar
d of
I
EEE
-
519
19
92
.
The
s
e
l
ected
s
im
ulation
re
s
u
lts
o
b
t
ain
e
d
f
r
om
M
A
T
L
A
B/
Sim
u
lin
k
are
present
e
d t
o
j
ust
i
fy
t
he p
roposed
filter structur
e.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
A
c
ti
ve
pow
er
f
il
t
e
r
Boos
t r
ecti
f
ier
N
on-l
i
n
ear
loa
d
R
ect
if
ie
r
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
R
a
h
i
mi
B
ah
arom,
Fa
cult
y
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
rica
l
En
gine
erin
g,
Un
iv
e
r
sit
i
Tekn
o
lo
gi
M
A
R
A,
4
045
0
Sh
ah
Ala
m,
S
el
a
n
go
r,
M
al
a
y
si
a
.
Em
ail:
rahim
i
6
5
7
9
@
gm
ai
l.co
m
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
The
de
ma
n
d
f
or
h
i
g
h
p
o
w
e
r
qua
l
ity,
pow
e
r
s
up
p
l
y
sy
ste
m
h
as
s
how
n
an
i
n
c
rea
s
e
in
r
ec
en
t
y
e
ars.
Th
is
t
re
nd
ref
l
e
c
ts
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
cr
e
a
se
u
se
o
f
ac
t
i
ve
p
ow
e
r
f
i
l
t
e
r
to
p
r
o
v
i
de
h
igh
p
o
w
e
r
fac
t
o
r
opera
tio
n
w
i
th
l
ow
to
t
a
l
har
m
on
ic
d
i
s
tort
io
n
(TH
D
)
leve
l
of
i
nput
c
urr
e
n
t
w
av
eform
,
result
in
g
in
p
ow
e
r
qua
lit
y
pro
b
lem
s
[
1-
12]
.
It
i
s
a
var
i
at
i
o
n
of
v
olta
ge,
f
r
eque
nc
y
a
n
d
w
a
ve
form
.
A
si
gn
i
f
i
ca
nt
p
ha
se
d
iffere
nce
be
t
w
e
e
n
c
ur
rent
a
n
d
vo
lta
ge w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
leads
t
o
l
o
w
pow
er
fa
c
tor.
C
u
rre
ntly,
t
h
er
e
a
r
e var
i
o
u
s me
t
h
o
d
s t
o
mi
t
i
ga
te pow
er qu
a
lit
y
prob
lem
s
suc
h as
S
TA
TCO
M
,
h
y
b
ri
d
fi
l
t
e
r
s,
p
assi
ve
pow
er
f
i
lter,
a
nd
a
ct
i
v
e
pow
e
r
f
i
lter.
I
n
c
o
m
p
a
r
ison
t
o
ot
he
r
filter
s
,
pass
iv
e
p
o
w
e
r
fi
lte
r
w
oul
d
be
s
ee
n
as
a
c
om
m
on
i
n
d
u
st
ria
l
t
ec
hn
i
q
ue
t
o
reso
l
v
e
pow
er
qua
l
i
ty
p
robl
ems.
H
o
w
ev
er,
t
h
e
u
s
e
of
p
a
ssiv
e
pow
er
f
il
ter
d
u
r
in
g
de
si
gn
sta
g
e
te
nd
t
o
c
aus
e
d
issa
tis
fa
ct
io
n
d
u
e
to its
m
a
i
n
dra
w
bac
k
w
hic
h
is
t
h
e
l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
on
of
freq
u
e
n
c
i
es
r
e
duc
tio
n
[
8
].
B
e
s
ide
s
,
i
n
m
any
si
tua
t
i
o
ns,
the
req
u
i
r
emen
t
o
f
r
ea
ct
i
v
e
po
we
r
at
f
u
n
d
a
me
n
t
al
fre
que
nc
y w
o
u
l
d be l
ow
er an
d
t
he
de
s
i
g
n
o
f
p
a
s
s
i
ve fi
l
t
e
rs c
ou
l
d be very chal
le
ng
i
n
g
t
o
r
educe
rms
c
urrent
o
f
the s
u
p
p
l
y whe
r
e
t
h
e
dom
ina
n
ce
is of
t
h
e
ha
r
m
onic
cur
r
en
ts
[13-
19
]
.
On
t
h
e
o
th
e
r
h
and
,
act
i
v
e
po
we
r
fi
lt
er
h
as
b
e
e
n
i
d
ent
i
f
i
e
d
t
o
o
ve
rc
om
e
the
pass
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
fil
t
e
r
draw
backs
w
i
th
c
o
n
si
dera
ti
o
n
t
o
in
pu
t
and out
pu
t
l
o
a
d
i
n
g.
T
he
m
ain
p
u
r
pose
of
t
he
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
fi
l
t
ers
is
t
h
e
c
a
p
a
bil
i
t
y
to
f
o
r
m
co
n
tin
uous
s
i
n
u
s
o
i
d
a
l
li
n
e
c
u
r
re
n
t
t
o
red
u
c
e
s
e
m
ic
ond
uc
t
o
r
com
p
one
n
t
s,
a
nd
co
up
l
i
n
g
trans
f
or
me
rs.
The
usa
g
e
o
f
a
cti
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
i
l
t
er
i
s
less
c
om
mon
i
n
ind
u
s
t
ry
f
ie
l
d
c
om
par
e
d
t
o
p
ass
i
ve
pow
e
r
fi
l
t
e
r
d
ue
i
t
s
h
ig
her
c
o
s
t
.
H
o
w
e
ver
,
t
he
u
n
k
n
o
w
n
a
d
v
a
n
t
a
ge
o
f
a
c
t
i
v
e
pow
e
r
f
il
ter
is
p
ro
ve
n
t
o
b
e
m
o
r
e
bene
f
i
cia
l
w
h
e
re
it
ca
n
fi
lte
r
the
harm
onic
si
m
u
l
t
a
n
e
ous
ly,
l
e
s
s
d
e
sig
n
st
a
g
e
a
s
h
armo
ni
c
st
ud
y
no
t
com
p
ul
s
o
ry,
and filter
power
i
s
eas
i
er [8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
e
v
e
lo
pm
en
t o
f
act
i
v
e
p
o
wer
f
i
l
t
er us
in
g rec
tif
ier b
oos
t tec
h
n
i
que
(D
y
g
ku
Aniqn
a
t
as
a A
w
g
O
s
m
an)
1
447
I
n
r
ece
n
t
y
ea
rs,
var
i
o
u
s
ac
ti
ve
p
ow
er
f
i
l
ter
(
A
PF
)
c
onfig
ur
ati
o
ns
h
a
v
e
be
en
p
ro
pos
ed
t
o
so
lve
pow
e
r
qua
l
ity pr
o
b
l
e
m
such as ha
r
m
oni
c
pro
b
lem
s
. It ha
ve be
e
n
class
if
ie
d i
n
t
o
ser
i
e
s, shu
nt a
nd hy
bri
d
a
ct
i
v
e pow
e
r
fi
l
t
e
r
s.
T
here
w
er
e
m
a
ny
st
ud
ies
r
e
gar
d
in
g
the
co
n
t
rol
strate
gi
e
s
,
co
n
f
ig
ura
tio
n
a
n
d
ap
pl
ica
t
i
o
n
o
f
act
i
v
e
pow
er
f
i
lter
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
t
he
v
o
l
t
a
ge
s
o
u
rc
e
inve
r
t
er
(
V
S
I)
or
c
ur
ren
t
s
ourc
e
i
nv
e
r
t
e
r
(
C
S
I)
operation.
T
he
me
tho
d
s
i
n
tro
duce
d
o
n
t
h
es
e
con
v
er
t
e
r
to
po
log
i
es
a
re
b
oos
t
rec
t
i
f
ie
r
c
i
rc
uit
i
n
w
h
i
c
h
o
ne
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
m
p
l
e
st
tech
n
i
q
u
e
a
nd
form
t
ha
t
c
o
nta
i
ns
a
d
j
ustm
e
n
t
o
f
a
b
a
s
ic
b
r
i
dge
-
d
i
o
de
c
irc
u
it
by
i
n
sert
i
o
n
of
b
o
o
st
s
w
i
t
c
h
an
d
in
duc
t
o
r
.
B
ase
d
o
n
ana
l
ys
is
o
bser
va
tio
n
on
t
he
se
c
o
n
ce
p
t
ua
l
s
t
u
d
i
es,
t
h
i
s
c
on
ve
rter
o
ffers
m
ore
be
ne
fits
s
uc
h
as
s
i
nus
o
i
da
l
i
n
p
u
t
curr
en
t,
u
ni
t
y
p
ow
e
r
f
ac
tor
o
n
t
he
s
o
u
rc
e
s
id
e
an
d
a
sim
p
l
e
r
powe
r
c
ircu
it
c
o
m
p
a
r
ed
t
o
ot
her
circu
it t
o
po
log
i
e
s
[
11].
The
pr
op
ose
d
a
c
-
dc
c
on
ve
rter
w
il
l
be
a
b
l
e
t
o
p
ro
v
i
de
a
l
m
os
t
u
n
i
t
y
pow
er
f
ac
tor
dur
in
g
w
i
de
varia
t
i
o
ns
o
f
t
h
e
re
ct
ifier
l
o
a
d
.
F
undam
e
n
t
a
lly,
b
o
o
s
t
rec
t
i
f
i
e
r
pr
od
uces
h
i
g
her
D
C
o
u
t
pu
t
vo
l
t
a
g
e
fr
o
m
a
n
in
put
o
f
A
C
v
o
lta
ge.
Th
us,
in
duc
t
o
r
w
ill
be
u
se
d
a
t
t
he
i
n
p
u
t
t
o
pro
v
i
d
e
a
n
a
d
d
i
t
iona
l
v
o
lta
ge
s
ource
i
n
se
ries
w
ith
t
he s
up
p
l
y [9]
.
Ty
pica
lly,
th
is
m
e
t
ho
d
is
w
id
e
l
y
u
s
ed
i
n
var
i
o
u
s
ap
p
l
i
c
a
t
ions
d
u
e
t
o
it
s
res
p
ect
iv
e
f
eat
u
r
e
s
l
i
k
e
h
i
gh
sw
it
c
h
i
n
g
ra
t
e
s,
a
nd
hi
gh
p
o
w
e
r
ra
t
i
n
g
.
In
a
d
d
i
t
i
on
to
t
ha
t,
b
o
os
t
r
ect
ifier
s
a
r
e
a
lso
c
o
mm
on
ly
u
sed
in
e
le
ctric
dri
v
es,
S
w
it
c
h
i
n
g-
Mo
de
P
o
w
er
S
upply
(
S
MP
S)
,
U
n
in
te
rrupt
ib
l
e
P
o
w
er
S
uppl
y
(
U
PS
)
and
p
o
w
er
f
a
c
tor
corr
ector
d
e
v
ic
es
[
20-
25]
T
he
refore,
in
t
h
i
s
p
a
per,
a
n
a
t
tem
p
t
is
m
ade
t
o
r
e
v
i
e
w
the
circ
u
it
to
p
o
l
o
gy
a
n
d
si
m
u
lat
i
on
m
ode
l
i
ng
per
f
o
r
m
e
d
on
a
c
t
ive
p
o
w
e
r
filter
(
A
PF
)
us
in
g
bo
ost
re
c
t
i
f
ie
r
sim
u
l
a
te
d
i
n
MATLAB/S
i
mulink.
2.
RESEARCH
M
ETH
O
D
The
s
t
ep-
by-
st
ep
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
re
f
or
t
he
s
t
u
d
y
i
s
s
h
ow
n
i
n
F
i
g
ur
e
1.
The
f
l
ow
c
h
art
beg
i
ns
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
rese
arc
h
a
nd
s
tu
dy
a
b
o
u
t
v
a
r
io
us
t
ype
s
of
pow
er
qua
l
i
t
y
a
nd
i
t
s
p
ro
ble
m
s.
H
a
r
monic
di
st
ort
i
on
ha
s
be
e
n
ide
n
tif
i
e
d
a
s
t
he
m
a
i
n
ca
use
o
f
pow
e
r
qua
lit
y
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms.
N
e
xt
,
o
ne
o
f
t
h
e
t
e
c
h
n
i
ques
or
m
eth
o
d
s
t
o
r
ecti
f
y
pow
er
q
ua
lit
y
pro
b
le
ms
w
a
s
i
de
n
t
i
f
ie
d,
w
h
i
ch
i
s
w
i
t
h
a
c
t
i
v
e
pow
er
f
ilte
r
usin
g
r
ect
ifi
e
r
bo
ost
te
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
.
The
n
,
the
desi
gn
a
n
a
l
ys
i
s
o
f
th
e
pr
o
pose
d
f
ilter
w
h
ich
is
A
P
F
t
o
o
b
t
ai
n
t
h
e
de
sir
e
d
l
o
w
val
u
e
of
T
H
D
leve
l
is
si
m
u
late
d
us
in
g
MA
TLA
B/S
i
m
u
l
i
nk.
H
ow
ever,
after
the
circ
u
it
e
x
e
c
u
tio
n,
t
he
T
H
D
l
e
ve
l
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
f
il
ter
appeared to
be
e
x
c
eeding t
he
l
imit
o
f
harm
onic
bas
e
d
on
I
EEE519
s
t
a
nd
ard
.
T
hu
s,
t
h
e
d
e
s
ig
n
of
act
iv
e
p
o
w
er
fi
l
t
e
r
us
i
n
g
r
ect
ifier
b
o
o
s
t tec
h
ni
q
u
e w
a
s de
v
e
lo
pe
d to e
ns
ure
the ha
rm
on
i
c
leve
l
i
s c
o
m
p
l
y
w
i
t
h t
h
e IEE
E
5
19
st
a
ndard.
Fi
g
u
re
1
.
O
v
er
a
l
l
fl
o
w
c
h
a
r
t
of
p
ro
j
ect
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
P
o
w
El
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
3
, S
e
p
2
0
1
9
:
144
6
– 1
453
1
448
3.
PROPOS
E
D
APF
WITH RECTI
FI
ER BOOS
T
TECH
N
IQUE
In
t
hi
s
p
a
p
e
r,
A
PF
wi
t
h
boost
re
c
t
i
f
i
e
r
t
ech
niq
u
e
h
a
s
b
een
p
rop
o
s
ed
.
Th
e
main
o
bj
ect
i
v
e
o
f
t
h
i
s
t
e
c
hni
qu
e
is
t
o
f
i
lt
er
o
u
t
h
armo
n
i
cs
i
n
t
h
e
p
o
wer
sy
st
em
w
h
i
l
e
c
o
rr
ecti
ng
the
su
pp
l
y
c
urre
nt
w
a
v
e
f
or
m
of
t
he
no
n-l
i
ne
ar
l
oa
d
.
The
circ
ui
t
t
o
pol
og
y
o
f
A
P
F
im
plem
ente
d
w
i
t
h
b
oos
t
re
cti
f
ier
c
i
r
c
ui
t
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gure
2.
T
he
con
f
ig
ura
tio
n
con
s
ists
o
f
ind
u
c
t
or
s,
capa
c
i
t
o
rs,
resist
or,
d
i
o
d
e
-
b
r
i
d
g
e
,
po
we
r
swi
t
c
hi
ng
d
evi
c
e
,
a
nd
c
u
rren
t
con
t
ro
l
l
o
op
(C
CL).
M
eanw
h
ile,
t
h
e
com
p
o
n
en
ts
i
nsi
d
e
CCL
a
re
s
u
bt
r
a
c
t
or,
re
fer
e
nce
curr
ent,
P
r
op
or
tio
na
l-I
n
t
e
gral
(
P
I) c
o
nt
r
o
ller
,
c
om
para
t
o
r
and
car
rier
s
i
gna
l
.
F
i
gure
2.
A
P
F
usin
g
b
oos
t r
ecti
f
ier
top
o
l
o
g
y
4.
COMPUTE
R
S
IMU
L
ATION
MODEL
The
c
o
m
p
ut
e
r
s
imu
l
a
t
i
o
n
m
ode
l
o
f
t
he
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
c
o
nver
t
er
s
t
a
r
t
s
w
i
th
t
he
d
es
i
g
n
of
t
h
e
r
e
c
t
i
fier
in
t
e
rco
n
n
ec
t
i
o
n
w
ith
p
ow
er
s
up
p
l
y
an
d
a
capa
c
i
t
i
ve
l
oad.
T
his
c
i
r
cu
it
w
a
s
implem
en
te
d
w
i
t
h
out
a
ny
fi
lter
.
The
pro
p
o
se
d
confi
g
ura
t
i
o
n
tech
ni
q
u
e
m
ode
l
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
re
3
.
Ini
t
ia
l
l
y,
t
he
s
up
p
l
y
c
u
r
r
ent
passes
t
h
ro
ugh
t
h
e
s
u
b
t
ract
o
r
t
h
a
t
act
s
t
o
c
re
at
e
an
e
rro
r
si
g
n
a
l
.
N
e
x
t
,
t
h
e
s
ig
n
a
l
p
a
sse
s
t
h
ro
ugh
t
h
e
P
I
c
on
t
r
oll
e
r
to
e
l
i
m
in
at
e
an
e
rro
r
s
i
g
n
a
l
.
F
i
n
all
y
,
a
co
mp
ara
t
o
r
w
a
s
u
sed
to
p
r
odu
c
e
a
n
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
u
l
s
e
wi
dt
h
modu
l
a
ti
on
(AP
W
M)
b
y
c
o
mpa
r
i
ng
t
h
e
modu
la
ti
n
g
s
i
g
nal
w
ith
t
h
e
c
arr
i
er
s
i
g
n
a
l
.
The
mo
de
li
n
g
o
f
a
s
t
ep
r
esp
ons
e
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
s
4
a
n
d
5
w
e
r
e
a
l
s
o
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
t
o
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
e
t
h
a
t
the
su
pp
ly
c
urre
nt
w
i
l
l
trac
k
the
va
r
i
a
t
io
n
val
u
e
o
f
r
efe
r
enc
e
c
urr
e
nt,
t
h
us
v
e
r
i
f
y
the
p
r
op
osed
A
P
F
f
unc
ti
o
n
.
The
Circ
uit
s
p
eci
fic
a
tio
ns
d
e
t
a
il
i
s
s
how
n
in Ta
b
le
1.
Tab
l
e 1
.
C
i
r
cui
t
sp
eci
fi
c
a
t
i
on
s
S
y
s
t
em P
a
r
amet
er
s
V
a
l
u
es
I
n
p
u
t volta
ge,
V
s
40
V
rm
s
L
i
ne
i
nduc
tor,
L
s
1
m
H
O
u
t
p
u
t
cap
acit
o
r
,
C
o
1000
µF
Re
sisti
v
e
lo
a
d
,
R
300
Ω
Sw
itc
hing
fr
e
que
nc
y,
f
s
50
kH
z
P
r
o
p
o
r
tio
na
l g
a
in,
K
p
20
I
n
te
gr
a
l
g
a
i
n,
K
i
1000
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
eve
lopm
en
t o
f
ac
tive
p
o
wer fi
l
t
e
r
us
ing
rec
t
i
f
i
e
r
b
oos
t tec
h
n
i
que
(
D
y
g
ku
Ani
q
n
a
t
asa
A
w
g
O
s
m
an)
1
449
F
i
gur
e 3.
APF circ
u
i
t
w
ith
B
o
o
s
t
re
c
tifier
tec
h
n
i
que
F
i
gur
e
4.
A
PF
w
i
t
h
ste
p
r
espo
nse
fu
nc
ti
o
n
F
i
gur
e
5.
S
tep
R
e
s
ponse
C
o
ntr
o
ller
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 3
,
S
e
p
2
019
:
1
4
4
6
–
1
453
1
450
5.
RESU
L
T
S
A
ND DIS
C
U
S
S
I
ON
F
i
gur
e
6
sh
ow
s
th
e
p
u
l
sat
i
ng
sup
p
l
y
c
u
r
r
e
nt
w
ave
f
or
m
w
h
ic
h
c
o
n
t
a
i
ns
a
r
ic
h
of
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
s
w
hi
le
F
i
g
u
r
e
7
s
how
s
the
com
p
ar
is
on
of
t
he
T
H
D
l
e
v
el
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
f
i
l
t
e
r
f
r
o
m
the
p
u
lsa
t
i
ng
sup
p
l
y
c
u
r
r
e
nt
w
it
h
t
h
e
I
EEE
519
s
t
anda
rd
r
egulation.
S
i
n
c
e
t
he
p
ulsati
ng
s
upply
c
u
rre
n
t
v
i
o
l
a
t
e
d
t
he
I
EEE
5
19
s
ta
ndar
d
r
eg
ul
ati
o
n,
a
n
A
P
F
confi
g
ur
at
io
n
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
is
i
nte
g
r
a
te
d
t
o
t
he
boos
t
r
ecti
f
i
er
t
o
m
i
t
i
ga
t
e
t
he
h
ar
m
o
n
i
c
di
st
or
t
i
o
n
.
F
i
gur
e
8
s
h
ow
s
the
s
i
nus
o
i
dal
sup
p
l
y
c
u
r
r
e
nt
w
ave
f
or
m
o
f
t
he
p
r
opo
sed
APF
f
u
n
c
ti
on
,
wh
i
l
s
t
F
i
gu
r
e
9
s
h
ow
s
t
h
a
t
t
he
s
u
p
p
l
y
c
u
r
r
ent
f
o
ll
ow
s
t
h
e
si
n
u
so
i
d
al
w
a
v
ef
or
m
o
f
ref
e
ren
c
e
cu
rr
ent
wh
en
A
PF
i
s
ap
plied
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
10
sho
w
s
that
t
he
s
u
p
p
l
y
c
ur
r
e
nt
a
n
d
volta
ge
w
a
v
ef
or
ms
a
r
e
i
n-
ph
ase
,
t
hus
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
the
p
o
w
e
r
fa
ctor
.
The
c
o
mpa
r
iso
n
r
esu
l
t
of
t
he
T
H
D
level
w
i
t
h
ou
t
a
ny
f
ilt
e
r
f
unc
t
io
n
a
n
d
w
i
th
t
he
p
r
o
pos
ed
A
P
F
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
i
s
a
s
t
a
b
u
l
a
t
e
d
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
2
.
I
t
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
T
H
D
v
a
l
u
e
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
a
ny
f
i
l
ter
fu
nc
t
i
o
n
i
s
1
52.
56%
,
w
h
i
l
s
t
,
w
ith
t
he
p
r
o
po
sed
A
P
F
func
ti
on,
t
he
T
H
D
lev
e
l
w
a
s
r
e
duc
e
s
t
o
1
.
6
2
%.
T
hus,
it
sh
ow
s
t
h
a
t
t
he
c
o
rre
ctive
wa
vefor
m
s w
a
s a
c
hie
v
e
d
a
nd
it
c
o
m
p
lies
w
ith
I
EEE 519
s
t
a
nd
ar
d
as
s
how
n
in
F
igur
e
1
1
.
F
i
gur
e
1
2
s
h
o
w
s
the
s
t
e
p
r
espo
nse
s
i
gna
l
w
i
t
h
I
re
f
t
ha
t
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
ts
b
o
t
h
cur
r
ent
a
nd
t
w
o
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
a
m
pli
t
u
d
e
s
f
o
r
tw
o
c
y
c
l
es
f
r
o
m
0s
t
o
0.
04
s
an
d
0.
04
s
to
0
.
08s.
T
e
chn
i
ca
l
l
y
,
it
p
rov
e
s
th
at
t
h
e
i
np
u
t
l
in
e
c
u
rre
nt
w
ill
en
t
i
r
e
l
y
fo
l
l
o
w t
h
e
si
n
u
so
i
d
al r
efe
r
enc
e
c
urre
nt.
Ta
ble
2.
T
H
D
l
e
v
el
w
i
t
h
a
n
d
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
A
P
F
func
t
i
o
n
Vari
a
b
le
T
H
D
(%
)
W
ithout
A
PF
152.
56
W
ith
AP
F
1
.6
2
F
i
gur
e
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Int J
P
o
w
El
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c
&
D
ri S
yst
,
V
ol.
10,
N
o.
3
, S
e
p
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1
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:
144
6
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1
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F
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at 0.
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=
3
a
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08s
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CONCL
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S
ION
I
n
t
hi
s
pa
per,
t
h
e
p
r
o
pose
d
A
P
F
usi
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he
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i
nal
l
y,
t
he
u
se
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f
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ircuit
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ig
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s.
ACKNOW
LEDG
E
MEN
T
S
A
u
t
hors
gra
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ef
ull
y
a
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now
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dge
t
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al
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p
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rt
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Inst
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tut
e
o
f
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e
sea
r
ch
M
a
n
a
g
emen
t
and
In
no
v
a
ti
on
(I
R
MI)
Un
i
v
ersiti
T
ekn
o
lo
gi
M
A
R
A
Gran
t
No
:
6
0
0
-IRMI
5
/
3
/
GI
P
(0
3
4
/2
018).
REFE
RENCES
[1]
Lei
W
a
ng
;
Chi
-
Seng
L
am;
Man-Chun
g
Wong;
“M
inimiz
ing
Inverter
C
a
paci
ty
D
es
ig
n
an
d
Co
m
p
arative
P
e
rf
orm
a
nce E
v
al
uat
i
on of
SVC-Cou
pl
in
g
H
y
b
r
id
Activ
e
P
o
wer F
i
l
t
ers”,
IEEE Tr
ans
actio
ns
on Po
wer Elect
ronics
,
vol.34
, no. 2, Pp
1
227– 242, 2019.
[2]
W
a
nno
Yeetum;
Vi
jit
K
i
nnares;
“
Pa
rall
e
l
A
c
t
ive
Power
F
ilter
Bas
ed
o
n
S
o
u
r
ce
Cu
rrent
D
etecti
on
fo
r
Antip
arall
e
l
Reso
nance
wit
h
R
o
b
u
s
t
n
ess
t
o
P
aram
eter
V
ar
iatio
ns
i
n
P
o
wer
S
y
s
t
em
s”,
IEEE T
r
ansa
c
tions
on
In
dus
trial
El
ectro
n
i
cs
,
vol.
6
6
,
no.
2
,
pp.
8
7
6
-886
,
2
01
9.
[3]
Yu
n
Ch
en;
J
untao
F
ei;
“
D
y
n
amic
S
li
di
ng
M
o
d
e
C
on
tro
l
o
f
A
c
tive
P
o
w
er
F
i
l
t
e
r
With
I
n
t
eg
ral
Sw
it
chin
g
Gain
”,
IEEE A
ccess
,
vol.
7,
p
p.
2
1
6
3
5
-2
1
6
4
4
.
201
9.
[4]
P
h
el
ipe
L
eal
S
e
r
af
im
R
od
rig
u
es
;
Curs
ino
Brandã
o
Jaco
bin
a
;
M
a
u
r
í
cio
Beltrão
d
e
Ros
s
i
t
er
C
orrêa;
I
t
a
lo
R
o
g
er
F
e
rreira
M
o
reno
P
inh
e
iro
da
S
ilva;
“
S
i
ngl
e-P
h
ase
U
n
i
v
ersal
Act
i
ve
P
ower
F
ilter
Based
on
F
our-
Leg
AC–DC–A
C
Con
v
erters
”,
IEEE
Tran
sa
cti
ons o
n
In
dustr
y
Ap
p
l
icati
o
n
s
,
Vo
l
.
5
5
, No
. 2
, p
p
. 16
3
9
-
1
6
4
8
, 20
1
9
.
[5]
Hao
Liu;
Ch
i
Li;
Z
e
d
o
n
g
Z
heng
;
J
i
ye
L
iu;
Yo
ngdo
ng
L
i
;
“S
h
unt
I
s
olat
ed
A
ct
ive
Power
Filter
W
i
t
h
C
ommon
DC
L
i
n
k
I
n
te
g
r
a
t
in
g
B
r
a
k
in
g
E
n
e
r
gy
R
e
c
o
v
ery
in
Urban Rai
l T
r
ansit”
,
IEE
E
A
ccess
,
V
o
l
.
7 ,
pp.
39
18
0-39
19
1,
20
19.
[6]
As
if
R
aza
J
a
rwar;
A
m
ir
M
ah
m
o
o
d
S
o
o
m
r
o
;
Z
u
b
ai
r
Ah
med
M
e
m
o
n
;
S
h
a
f
i
q
A
h
m
e
d
O
d
h
a
n
o
;
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
A
s
l
a
m
Uqaili
;
Abdul
S
attar
Lari
k
;
“
H
i
g
h
d
yn
a
m
i
c
p
erform
ance
pow
er
q
ua
li
ty
c
on
di
tio
n
e
r
f
or
A
C
mic
r
og
rid
s
”
,
IE
T
P
o
w
e
r
El
ectro
n
i
cs
,
vol. 12,
no. 3,
pp.550-556, 2019
.
[7]
X.
S
.
Li
, e
t
a
l
.
,
"
A
naly
si
s
and
Sim
p
lificat
io
n
o
f
T
h
r
ee-D
i
m
e
nsional
S
p
ace
V
e
ct
o
r
PWM
f
o
r
Thre
e-Phase
Four-L
eg
Inverters,
"
IE
EE T
r
a
n
s
a
cti
o
n
s
o
n
In
du
str
i
al El
ectro
ni
cs,
vol.
5
8
,
p
p
.
4
5
0
-4
64
,
F
e
b
201
1.
[8]
L.
M
ot
t
a
a
nd
N
.
Faúndes,
“Act
ive
/
passive
h
armoni
c
filters:
A
p
pl
icati
o
n
s
,
ch
all
e
nges
&
trend
s
,”
Pr
oc
.
I
n
t.
C
o
n
f
.
Harmon
.
Qua
l
.
Power,
IC
H
Q
P
, v
ol
.
20
16
,
n
o
.
1
, p
p.
6
5
7–6
62
,
2
0
1
6
.
[9]
R.
B
aharo
m
,
M.
K
.
M
.
S
al
l
e
h
,
a
n
d
N
.
F.
A
.
Ra
hman,
“Ac
tive
po
we
r
f
i
lter
wi
th
d
irect
o
utput
volt
age
cont
r
o
l
of
si
ngle-ph
ase
A
C
t
o
D
C
c
on
verter,
”
PECO
N 20
16
-201
6
IEEE 6t
h
Int.
Con
f
.
Power
En
erg
y
,
pp.
4
12–41
6,
2
0
17.
[10]
W
.
U
.
T
a
r
e
e
n
,
S
.
M
e
k
h
i
l
e
f
,
M
.
S
e
y
e
d
m
a
h
m
o
u
d
i
a
n
,
a
n
d
B
.
H
o
r
a
n
,
“
A
ctive
power
f
ilter
(APF)
f
o
r
mitigat
ion
of
power
quality
i
s
s
ues
i
n
g
rid
i
n
te
grat
ion
o
f
w
i
n
d
and
photovo
l
t
a
i
c
e
n
e
rgy
c
o
nv
ersi
on
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
”
Re
ne
w. S
u
s
t
ain
.
En
ergy Rev.
,
vol.
7
0,
p
p
.
6
3
5
–
655,
201
7.
[11]
M
a
rian
P
.
Kazm
ierk
owsk
i;
“
Pow
e
r
Q
u
al
ity
:
P
rob
l
em
s
and
M
iti
ga
t
i
o
n
Techn
i
ques
”
,
IE
EE
Ind
u
strial
El
ectron
i
c
s
M
a
gazin
e
,
20
15
,
vo
l. 9
, no
. 2
, pp
.
62
-62
,
2
0
1
5
.
[12]
A.
S
.
A.
H
asim
a
n
d
M
.
F
.
S
ai
don,
“
D
e
velo
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
s
in
g
l
e-phas
e
s
h
u
n
t
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
i
l
t
e
r
u
s
i
n
g
b
o
o
s
t
r
e
c
t
i
f
i
e
r
tech
niq
u
e,
”
SCOReD 2
0
0
6
-P
roc.
20
06
4t
h
S
t
u
d
ent Co
nf.
Res
.
D
e
v
.
pp
.
2
62
–26
5,
2006
.
[13]
K
.
V
e
n
k
i
t
u
s
a
m
y
,
S
.
P
a
d
m
a
n
a
b
a
n
,
M
.
P
e
c
h
t
,
A
.
A
w
a
s
t
h
i
,
a
n
d
R
.
S
e
l
vam
u
t
h
u
kumaran
,
“
A
m
odifi
ed
b
o
o
s
t
r
ectif
ie
r
f
o
r
elim
in
a
t
i
on
o
f
c
i
r
cu
l
a
ti
ng
c
u
rrent
i
n
power
f
acto
r
c
orrecti
on
a
p
p
l
i
cat
ions,
”
M
i
cr
oelect
ro
n
.
R
e
lia
b
.
,
vol.
69,
p
p
.
29
–3
5,
2
01
7.
[14]
B.
S
in
gh,
V
.
Garg
,
an
d
G
.
B
h
u
van
e
swari
,
“
P
o
l
yg
on
c
on
nected
1
5
-
p
hase
A
C
-
DC
c
onvert
er
f
or
p
ower
quality
impro
v
e
me
nt,”
200
6 In
t.
Conf. Power
El
ectro
n.
Dr
ives En
e
r
gy
S
y
st
. PEDES
’06
,
p
p
. 3–
7
, 2
00
6.
0
0.
0
1
0.0
2
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.
0
6
0.0
7
0.08
-4
-2
0
2
4
R
e
ferenc
e C
u
r
r
e
n
t
Supply
C
u
rrent
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
e
v
e
lo
pm
en
t o
f
act
i
v
e
p
o
wer
f
i
l
t
er us
in
g rec
tif
ier b
oos
t tec
h
n
i
que
(D
y
g
ku
Aniqn
a
t
as
a A
w
g
O
s
m
an)
1
453
[15]
Ji
e
Y
a
ng
;
Zhiy
u
a
n
H
e
;
Ji
nk
un
K
e
;
M
i
n
hua
X
ie;
“
A
N
ew
H
y
b
ri
d
M
u
lt
il
evel
D
C–A
C
C
o
n
v
e
rter
W
it
h
Redu
c
e
d
Energy
St
orage
Requirem
ent
and
Power
Loss
e
s
f
or
HVDC
A
ppl
i
cati
o
ns”
,
IEEE Tran
s
a
ct
ions on Powe
r
El
ectro
n
i
cs
,
vol.
3
4
,
no.
3
,
p
p.
208
2-2
0
9
6
,
2
01
9.
[16]
Houqing
W
a
ng
;
W
e
imin
W
u;
Y
unwei
Li;
F
r
ed
e
Blaab
jerg;
“A
C
ou
pled
-In
du
c
t
o
r-Ba
s
e
d
B
u
c
k–
Bo
ost
AC–D
C
Con
v
erter
Wit
h
B
alanced
D
C
O
u
tp
ut
V
olt
a
ges”,
IEE
E
Tr
an
sa
c
t
io
ns
o
n
P
o
wer
Electr
oni
cs
,
vol.
3
4
,
no.
1
,
p
p.
1
5
1
–
15
9,
201
9.
[17]
Sh
a
k
il
Ah
a
m
e
d
K
h
a
n;
Y
ou
gu
a
n
g
Guo
;
J
ia
ng
uo
Z
hu
;
“
M
od
e
l
P
r
e
dic
t
iv
e
O
b
s
e
rver
B
ased
C
o
n
t
r
ol
f
o
r
S
in
g
l
e-P
h
ase
As
ymm
e
tri
cal
T
-T
yp
e
A
C
/D
C
Po
wer
Con
v
erter”,
IE
EE T
r
an
sac
tio
ns o
n
In
dustr
y
Appli
c
a
t
ions
,
vol
.
55
,
no
.
2,
p
p.
20
33
–20
44
,
2
019.
[18]
Hongfe
i
W
u
;
Meng
H
an;
Kai
Su
n;
“
D
u
a
l
-Vo
l
tage-Rectifi
e
r-Based
S
i
n
g
le-P
h
a
se
A
C–D
C
C
on
verters
W
i
th
D
ual
DC
Bus
and
Vo
l
t
a
g
e-S
i
gm
a
A
r
ch
itectu
r
e
f
o
r
V
a
riabl
e
D
C
Outp
u
t
A
p
p
li
cati
ons”,
IEEE
T
r
ansa
c
ti
ons
on
Po
wer
El
ectro
n
i
cs
,
Vo
l
.
34
,
N
o.
5
, pp
.
4
2
0
8
-
4
2
2
2
, 20
1
9
.
[19]
H.
V
.
Ng
uy
en
a
n
d
D
.
C.
L
ee,
“
Red
u
cti
o
n
of
D
C-l
i
n
k
cap
a
c
i
t
an
ce
i
n
b
r
idg
e
le
ss
PFC
bo
os
t
re
c
t
i
f
ie
rs,”
2
015
IEEE
2n
d In
t.
Fut
u
r
.
Ener
gy E
l
ectr
o
n
.
Con
f
.
IFEEC 2
0
15
,
2
01
5.
[20]
B
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
V
.
G
a
r
g
,
a
n
d
G
.
B
h
u
v
a
n
esw
a
ri,
“Third
h
arm
o
ni
c
cu
rren
t
i
nject
ion
f
o
r
power
qu
ality
i
mprove
ment
i
n
recti
f
ier l
o
ads
,
”
20
06
Int
.
Con
f
.
Po
we
r Ele
c
t
ron
.
Dri
ves Ener
gy Syst
. PEDE
S ’0
6
, v
ol.
00
, p
p.
1
–5
,
2
0
0
6
.
[21]
A.
A
.
Bad
e
li
,
R.
B
ah
arom
,
N
.
H
iday
at,
and
M.
K
.
Ham
zah,
“S
ing
l
e
-p
has
e
m
atrix
con
v
ert
e
r
wi
th
r
edu
c
ed
s
w
i
t
c
h
cou
n
t
op
eratin
g as
b
uck
or bo
o
st
r
ecti
f
ier,”
IS
CAI
E
2
0
1
2
-2
01
2 IE
EE Sy
mp. Co
mp
ut. App
l
.
In
d. El
e
c
t
ro
n. no
.
Isc
a
i
e
,
pp
.
2
0–2
5,
2
0
12.
[22]
P
.
K
andas
a
m
y
, Lit
eratu
r
e
Revie
w
on
Control T
echn
i
q
u
es
o
f
A
C
-DC
Bo
os
t Co
nv
e
r
te
r
,
v
ol
.
1
1
8
, n
o
.
2
4.
2
01
8.
[23]
M.
E
l
-
Habrouk,
M.
K
.
Darwish,
a
nd
P
.
Meht
a,
“
Act
i
ve
power
f
ilte
rs:
A
review
,
”
IEE Proc.-E
l
ect
r. Powe
r
Appl.
,
vo
l.
147
,
n
o
.
5,
p
.
4
03
,
2
000
.
[24]
P
.
S
h
a
rma,
“An
alysis
o
f
D
i
fferen
t
Co
n
v
e
rters f
o
r
Red
u
ced Tot
al
Harm
on
ic Distort
io
n an
d
Imp
r
oved P
o
wer F
act
or,”
20
18
5t
h
In
t.
Co
nf
. S
i
g
nal P
r
oce
s
s.
Int
e
gr.
Ne
tworks
,
pp.
6
08–
61
3
,
2
0
18.
[25]
J.
A
n
u
s
z
czy
k
and
B.
T
erlecki,
“
A
n
al
ysis
o
f
el
ectri
c
power
q
uali
t
y
:
A
case
s
t
u
dy:
K
a
m
iens
k
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
p
lant,”
2
0
0
9
1
0
th
In
t. C
o
nf. E
l
ectr
.
Pow
e
r Qu
al
.
Ut
il.
E
P
QU’09
,
no.
98,
2
00
9.
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