In
terna
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Pow
e
r El
ectro
n
ics
a
nd Dri
v
e
Sy
s
t
em
(
IJ
PE
D
S
)
V
o
l.
11,
N
o.
1,
M
ar
c
h
2
02
0,
1
.
1
89~
1
9
9
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94,
D
O
I
:
10.
11
591
/i
j
p
ed
s.
v1
1
.
i1.
pp1
89-
199
1
89
Jou
rn
al h
o
me
pa
g
e
:
htt
p
:
/
/ij
p
e
ds.
i
ae
sco
r
e.
com
Closed-loop speed con
t
rol of s
witched reluctance motor drive
fed from
n
ovel converter with
reduced
number of switches
Ashok
Kuma
r Ko
lluru
,
M
a
l
li
g
u
nta
Ki
ra
n
K
u
ma
r
Depart
m
e
nt of Elect
rical
a
nd El
ect
ron
i
cs
En
g
i
n
eerin
g, Ko
n
eru La
ks
hm
ai
ah E
ducat
io
n
F
o
un
dation,
I
n
d
i
a
Ar
ticle
Info
AB
S
T
RA
CT
A
r
t
i
c
l
e hi
sto
r
y:
Rec
e
i
ve
dA
pr
4
,
2019
R
e
v
i
sed
J
u
l
8
, 2
019
Acc
e
p
t
e
d
No
v
1
0
,
2
019
The
p
a
per
p
r
ese
n
t
s
a
n
ov
el
c
o
n
v
e
rt
er
c
on
f
i
gu
ration
wit
h
f
ew
er
f
or
s
wit
c
hed
rel
u
ct
ance
m
o
t
o
r
(S
RM)
d
r
ive.
T
he
p
ropo
sed
nov
el
c
on
vert
er
i
ns
i
s
t
s
f
o
r
l
e
ss
num
b
e
r
o
f
s
w
itches
co
m
p
ared
t
o
co
nv
entio
n
a
l
asy
m
m
e
tri
c
a
l
t
yp
e
o
f
c
o
nv
erter
con
f
ig
urati
o
n
f
o
r
swit
ched
r
eluct
a
nce
m
o
t
o
r.
S
w
i
t
c
h
c
ou
nt
red
u
ct
io
n
i
n
conv
erter
red
u
c
e
s
th
e
lo
ss
es,
volum
e
of
h
eat
s
in
k,
a
n
d
n
umb
e
r
of
gate
d
riv
e
c
i
r
cui
t
s
a
nd
th
ere
b
y
th
e
perf
o
r
man
c
e
of
t
he
s
y
s
t
e
m.
Close
d
l
oo
p
speed
c
on
trol
o
f
swit
ched
r
eluct
a
nce
m
o
t
o
r
f
e
d
f
r
om
p
ropos
ed
n
o
vel
c
o
nv
erter
t
opo
logy
w
as
p
resen
t
ed
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
aper.
P
e
rf
o
r
man
ce
of
cl
osed
l
o
op
operat
i
o
n
i
s
co
m
p
ared
t
o
op
en
l
oop
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
F
u
r
t
h
er
t
he
p
rop
o
s
e
d
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
fo
r
S
R
MT
i
s
eval
uated
w
i
t
h
l
o
a
ded
co
ndi
ti
on
a
n
d
c
om
parat
i
v
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
no-l
o
ad
a
nd
l
oaded
S
R
M
i
s
p
res
e
nted
.
T
h
e
mo
de
l
p
r
esen
ted
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
nd
the
res
u
lts
a
re
a
n
a
ly
zed
u
s
i
n
g
M
ATLA
B/S
I
MUL
I
N
K
s
o
f
t
w
are.
C
l
o
s
e
d
l
oo
p
perf
orm
a
nce
o
f
p
ropo
sed
n
o
v
e
l
con
v
erter
f
e
d
sw
it
ched
r
el
uct
a
n
c
e
m
otor
driv
e is
v
e
r
ified
at f
ixed
s
peed
a
n
d
v
ariab
l
e s
p
eed
con
di
ti
ons
.
Key
w
o
rds:
C
l
ose
d
l
oo
p
Co
nt
rol
S
p
eed
Swi
t
ch
ed
re
l
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
m
o
tor
C
o
n
v
e
r
te
r
for SRM
T
h
is
is an
op
en
a
ccess
ar
ti
cle u
n
d
e
r t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-S
A
li
cense.
C
o
rres
pon
d
i
n
g
A
u
th
or:
A
s
ho
k
K
u
ma
r
K
o
l
l
ur
u,
D
e
par
t
m
e
nt
o
f
Elec
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
nd
Elec
t
r
on
i
c
s
E
n
gi
neer
in
g,
K
one
r
u
La
ks
h
m
aiah
E
d
u
cat
i
on
F
oun
da
ti
on,
Guntur-
522502,
Andhra P
r
ad
es
h,
I
ndi
a.
Ema
i
l:
k
oll
u
r
u
a
s
ho
k2
0
6@g
ma
i
l
.
co
m
1.
INTRODUCTI
O
N
Switche
d
rel
u
cta
n
ce
m
o
t
or
(
S
R
M)
i
s
a
spec
ia
l
e
l
ect
ric
a
l
m
ach
i
n
e
i
n
m
o
der
n
d
a
y
e
lec
t
r
i
ca
l
a
p
p
lica
tio
ns
d
u
e
t
o
its
s
uper
i
o
r
m
e
r
it
s
o
v
e
r
o
ther
t
ype
o
f
e
l
e
c
trica
l
m
a
c
h
i
nes.
S
R
M
b
a
s
i
c
a
lly
o
pe
rates
on
t
h
e
pr
inc
i
p
l
e
o
f
r
el
ucta
nc
e
tor
q
ue
w
hic
h
i
s
r
e
sp
ons
ib
le
f
or
t
he
r
ot
a
t
i
on
of
r
o
t
or
[
1-
7]
.
S
i
m
p
le
c
o
n
str
u
c
tio
n
ov
e
r
ot
her
c
o
nve
n
tiona
l
e
l
e
c
tr
i
c
a
l
m
ac
hi
ne
s
m
a
k
e
s
S
R
M
t
h
e
pr
e
f
er
r
e
d
ma
ch
i
n
e.
S
wi
t
c
h
e
d
re
lu
c
t
an
ce
m
a
c
h
in
e
i
s
a
do
u
b
l
y
s
a
lie
n
t
p
o
l
e
m
ach
ine
i
n
w
h
i
c
h
s
ta
tor
a
n
d
r
o
t
o
r
a
s
w
e
l
l
c
on
si
st
s
of
s
a
l
i
e
nt
p
ol
es.
C
o
il
s
are
wo
und
ed
on
sta
t
or
p
o
l
es
a
n
d
r
o
t
or
i
s
j
u
s
t
a
s
im
ple
f
e
r
r
o-
ma
gnet
i
c
sa
li
ent
m
a
te
r
i
al.
Rot
o
r
o
f
s
w
i
tc
hed
r
e
lu
c
t
a
n
ce
m
otor
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
ne
ithe
r
c
o
ils
nor
p
e
r
m
a
nent
m
agne
ts.
Hig
h
r
elia
b
i
li
ty
a
nd
low
cos
t
m
a
k
e
S
R
M
ver
y
m
uch
a
p
p
lica
b
le
t
o
m
a
ny
of
t
he
a
p
p
l
i
ca
tio
ns
[
8-
1
1
]
.
S
R
M
,
t
h
e
s
e
d
a
y
s
i
s
a
p
r
e
d
o
m
i
n
a
n
t
o
p
t
i
o
n
a
s
a
m
o
t
o
r
u
s
e
d
i
n
a
d
j
u
s
t
a
b
l
e
s
p
e
e
d
d
r
i
v
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
i
t
h
m
i
ni
m
u
m
co
st
a
nd
h
i
g
h
r
e
l
i
a
bi
l
ity.
D
u
e
t
o
n
o
n
-
e
xis
t
enc
e
of
w
i
n
d
in
gs
on
r
o
t
o
r
,
w
eig
h
t
of
t
he
r
ot
or
p
ar
t
de
cr
e
a
ses
an
d
as
a
r
esul
t
r
o
t
o
r
ca
n
r
o
t
a
te
a
t
h
i
gh
s
p
ee
ds.
S
R
M
f
i
nd
s
t
h
e
app
l
icat
i
o
ns
i
n
h
i
gh
s
p
ee
d
dr
i
v
es
[
1
2
-
1
5
]
.
O
w
i
n
g
t
o
f
u
r
t
her
in
he
r
e
n
t
a
d
v
a
n
t
a
ges
l
i
ke
h
i
g
h
e
f
f
i
cie
nc
y,
h
i
g
h
reliab
i
lit
y,
e
xc
elle
n
t
f
a
u
lt-t
o
l
e
ra
nce,
a
nd
h
i
gh
s
t
ar
t
i
ng
t
o
r
q
ue
i
n
ini
t
i
al
a
c
celer
a
t
ions,
S
R
Ms
a
r
e
p
r
e
f
e
rred
to
b
e
a
c
o
mp
et
it
iv
e
t
o
o
t
h
er
t
yp
e
of
spec
ial
a
p
plica
tio
n
e
l
ec
t
r
ic
al
m
ac
hine
s
[
16-
20]
.
S
w
itche
d
r
e
luc
tance
m
o
t
o
r
r
e
qu
ir
es
s
en
sor
s
f
or
i
ts
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
se
n
s
in
g
bu
t
i
n
te
ns
i
v
e
r
e
se
ar
c
h
i
n
S
R
M,
m
a
d
e
se
nsor
le
ss
s
pe
ed
c
o
ntrol
p
o
ss
ib
l
e
.
R
e
q
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
of
s
e
n
s
o
rs
f
or
pos
i
tio
n
se
n
s
i
n
g,
a
cous
tic
n
o
i
se
a
r
e
d
isad
va
nta
g
e
s
o
f
S
R
M.
A
par
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
e
tw
o,
t
he
m
a
i
n
di
sa
dva
nta
g
e
i
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:208
8-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
V
ol
.
11,
N
o.
1
,
M
a
r
2020
:1
89
–
1
9
9
19
0
S
R
M
i
n
c
l
u
d
es
h
i
gh
tor
que
r
ip
p
l
e
s
.
Th
o
u
g
h
t
he
u
sa
ge
o
f
S
R
M
in
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
e
s
i
s
l
e
s
s
,
S
R
M
c
a
n
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
r
e
lat
i
ve
l
y
h
i
g
h
spe
d
s
c
o
mpa
r
ed
t
o
o
t
hr
m
otor
s.
The
i
m
p
o
rta
n
t
po
i
n
t
whe
r
e
SRM
s
t
an
ds
h
i
g
h
is
i
ts
c
o
n
tro
l
c
ircui
t
tu
nes
t
h
e
t
o
r
que-
s
pe
e
d
c
h
ara
c
teris
t
ics
[2
0-2
7
].
S
RM
i
s
li
m
i
te
d
wi
th
i
t
s
o
per
a
t
i
on
in
p
o
i
n
t
o
f
s
o
u
r
c
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
a
n
d
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
r
i
s
w
i
t
h
incr
ease
d
l
oa
d
s
.
F
i
gur
e
1
il
lu
str
a
t
e
s
t
h
e
basi
c
bl
ock
dia
g
r
a
m
o
f
sw
itc
he
d
r
e
luc
t
anc
e
m
o
t
or
w
hic
h
e
sse
n
t
i
a
lly
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
s
our
c
e
f
or
e
xci
t
a
tio
n,
c
onve
r
t
e
r
f
or
phase
s
w
i
tc
h
in
g
o
f
c
o
i
l
s
,
se
nsi
n
g
un
i
t
f
o
r
pos
i
tio
n
s
e
nsin
g
a
nd a co
n
t
ro
lle
r to co
n
tro
l
the
p
ar
am
eter
s and to pro
d
u
ce
p
ul
se
s
f
o
r
switch
e
s
in
c
onv
erter.
T
h
e
c
o
n
t
roller aft
e
r
pr
oduc
ing
p
u
l
s
e
s;
c
o
nver
t
e
r
s
w
itc
he
s
com
m
u
t
e
s
the
pa
ir
o
f
pole
s
by
exc
i
ti
ng
t
h
e
sta
t
or
c
oil
s
o
f
S
R
M.
The
pa
per
pr
e
s
en
ts
a
n
o
v
e
l
c
on
ve
r
t
er
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
ti
on
w
i
t
h
less
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
swi
t
che
s
f
o
r
s
wit
c
he
d
r
e
luc
t
anc
e
m
o
t
o
r
(
S
RM)
dr
ive
.
T
he pr
o
pose
d
no
v
e
l
c
onve
r
t
er
i
ns
i
s
t
s
for
less
number
o
f
swi
t
c
h
e
s
co
mpa
r
ed
t
o
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
ona
l
a
s
ym
m
e
tr
ica
l
t
y
p
e
of
c
o
nver
t
e
r
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
ti
on
f
or
s
wi
tc
hed
re
l
u
c
t
a
n
ce
m
o
tor
.
C
lose
d
l
o
op
s
pe
ed
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
o
f
s
w
i
tche
d
r
e
lu
cta
n
c
e
m
ot
or
f
e
d
f
r
o
m
pr
op
ose
d
n
o
v
e
l
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
top
o
l
o
gy
w
a
s
pr
esente
d
in
t
his
pa
per.
P
erforma
n
ce
o
f
cl
os
ed
l
o
o
p
ope
rat
i
o
n
i
s
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
o
p
e
n
l
o
o
p
sy
st
e
m
.
Th
e
m
ode
l
pr
e
s
ente
d
is
de
ve
l
ope
d
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
e
su
l
t
s
a
r
e
ana
l
yz
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
M
A
TLA
B
/
S
I
MU
LI
N
K
s
o
ftwar
e
.
Closed
l
o
o
p
p
erforma
n
ce
o
f
pr
opose
d
n
o
v
e
l
c
o
n
v
er
t
e
r
f
e
d
sw
i
t
che
d
r
e
l
uc
ta
nc
e
m
o
t
o
r
dr
ive
is
v
eri
f
i
e
d
at
f
ix
ed
s
p
e
ed
a
nd
v
ari
a
bl
e
spee
d
c
ond
it
i
o
ns.
F
i
gur
e
1.
Basic
d
ia
gr
am
o
f
sw
itc
he
d
r
e
luc
t
a
n
c
e
m
otor
2.
PROPOSED N
O
V
EL CONVERTER
F
O
R
SWITCHED
R
E
L
UCTANCE MO
T
OR
2.
1.
P
rop
o
se
d
c
on
ve
rt
e
r
t
opol
o
g
y
The
pr
op
ose
d
n
o
v
e
l
c
o
n
v
er
t
e
r
t
o
po
l
o
g
y
f
or
s
w
i
t
c
he
d
r
e
lu
c
t
a
n
ce
m
ot
o
r
i
s
sh
ow
n
in
F
i
gur
e
2.
T
he
pr
opose
d
c
on
v
e
r
t
er
i
s
de
ve
lo
ped
t
o
sw
i
tch
t
h
e
p
h
ases
o
f
s
w
itc
he
d r
e
l
u
c
t
a
n
ce
m
otor
w
i
t
h
com
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
l
i
k
e
f
our
pow
e
r
s
e
m
ic
o
n
d
u
c
t
or
s
w
i
tc
he
s
(
S
1
to
S
4
)
a
nd
f
our
d
i
o
de
s
(
D
1
t
o
D
4
)
.
T
he
c
on
ver
t
e
r
i
s
e
x
ci
te
d
fr
o
m
a
D
C
sour
c
e
.
Wher
e
i
n,
a
c
on
ve
nt
iona
l
a
s
ym
m
e
tr
ica
l
c
o
n
v
er
ter
for
S
R
M
c
ons
is
t
s
o
f
s
i
x
p
o
w
er
s
w
itche
s
a
n
d
si
x
di
o
d
es
f
or
s
w
i
t
c
hi
n
g
t
he
pha
s
e
s
of
S
R
M
.
Wi
th
r
e
duc
tio
n
in
u
sa
ge
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
sw
i
t
c
h
e
s
a
n
d
d
iode
s,
t
he
n
umbe
r
of
g
a
t
e
driver
s
r
e
qu
ired
b
ec
om
es
l
e
ss,
h
e
a
t
s
in
k
re
q
u
ir
em
ent
wi
ll
b
e
les
s
a
nd
a
s
a
re
sul
t
swit
chi
n
g
l
o
ss
ge
ts
r
educ
ed.
Com
p
ar
ati
v
e
a
n
a
l
ysis
o
f
pr
o
p
o
se
d
c
onve
r
t
er
w
it
h
as
ymm
e
tr
ic
al
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
w
a
s
depic
t
e
d
i
n
Ta
b
l
e
1.
I
t
s
how
s
t
h
a
t
t
he
n
um
ber
of
p
ow
er
s
w
i
t
c
hes
i
n
p
r
o
po
sed
co
nve
r
t
e
r
is
l
ess
com
p
ar
ed
t
o
asym
me
trical
c
o
n
v
er
ter
.
N
um
ber
of
d
iod
e
s
r
e
quir
e
me
n
t
i
n
pr
op
ose
d
c
on
ver
t
er
i
s
le
s
s
t
ha
n
a
s
ymm
e
tr
ic
a
l
c
o
nve
r
t
er
.
A
s
num
ber
s
o
f
c
o
m
pone
n
t
s
ar
e
r
e
duc
e
d
s
w
i
tch
i
ng
l
osse
s
ar
e
le
ss
i
n
pr
o
p
o
sed
con
v
er
te
r
.
H
ea
t
s
i
nk
r
e
q
ui
r
e
m
e
nt
i
s
a
l
s
o
l
e
s
s
com
p
ar
a
t
i
v
e
l
y
sinc
e
on
ly
f
o
u
r
sw
itc
hes
ar
e
used.
N
u
m
b
ers
of
g
a
t
e
dr
iver
s
ar
e
a
l
so
r
educ
ed
i
n
pr
opose
d
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
er
.
Tab
l
e
1.
Com
p
a
r
ati
v
e
anal
ys
i
s
o
f
pr
op
ose
d
c
onve
r
t
er
a
nd
as
ym
me
t
r
i
c
al c
o
nver
t
er
C
o
m
pone
nt
P
ropo
se
d C
onve
r
t
er
A
sym
m
etri
c
a
l
C
on
ve
rte
r
Nu
m
b
er o
f p
o
we
r
switc
h
e
s
4
6
N
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
diode
s
4
6
Sw
it
ch
in
g
lo
s
s
e
s
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
g
a
t
e
d
r
i
v
e
r
s
H
e
a
t
s
ink
volum
e
Co
m
p
ar
ati
v
ely
Lo
w
Hi
g
h
4
6
Lo
w
Hig
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Close
d
-
l
o
op
sp
e
e
d c
o
n
t
ro
l of
sw
itc
he
d
re
l
u
ct
ance
m
o
to
r
driv
e
f
e
d fr
om
no
ve
l … (
A
shok
K
u
m
a
r K
o
l
l
ur
u
)
19
1
F
i
gur
e
2.
C
ir
cu
it
r
e
pr
ese
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
pr
o
p
o
se
d
no
ve
l
c
o
n
v
e
r
te
r
fo
r
swit
c
h
ed
r
eluc
ta
nc
e
mot
o
r
2.
2.
M
od
e
s
o
f
op
er
at
i
o
n
of
p
rop
o
sed
con
v
ert
er
F
i
gur
e
3
e
x
pl
a
i
n
s
t
he
m
ode
s
of
oper
a
tio
n
of
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
c
o
n
v
er
t
e
r
f
o
r
sw
i
t
c
hed
r
e
luc
t
a
n
c
e
m
otor
f
or
pha
se
e
xc
i
t
a
t
i
on.
P
ha
se
e
xc
i
t
a
t
i
on,
f
r
e
e-
w
h
e
e
li
n
g
m
o
d
e
a
nd
de-
e
ner
g
iz
i
n
g
m
ode
o
f
t
h
r
e
e
-
phase
S
R
M
a
r
e
il
l
u
s
t
r
a
t
e
d
i
n
F
igur
e
3.
C
ur
r
e
nt
p
a
t
hs
i
n
r
e
spe
c
t
i
ve
m
o
d
es
o
f
o
per
a
t
i
o
n
ar
e
e
x
p
l
a
i
ned
i
n
d
eta
i
le
d.
T
he
r
e
spec
tive
sw
i
t
che
s
p
lace
d
i
n
r
espe
c
tive
pha
ses
are
o
p
e
r
ated
f
o
r
p
h
a
s
e
exci
ta
ti
o
n
m
ode
a
n
d
d
ur
i
n
g
de
-
e
n
er
g
i
zi
n
g
m
ode
t
he
d
iode
D
4
is
o
pe
r
a
te
d
f
o
r
all phase
s
de
-
e
ne
r
giz
i
ng
m
ode of
o
p
er
a
t
io
n.
F
i
gur
e
3(
a)
d
ep
ic
ts
the
p
h
ase
e
x
c
i
tat
i
on
m
ode
o
f
p
h
ase-
A
w
h
er
e
sw
itc
he
s
S
1
a
nd
S
2
a
re
t
urne
d
O
N
w
h
i
le
o
ther
s
wi
tc
he
s
ar
e
OFF.
Th
e
cu
rren
t
f
r
o
m
so
urce
e
x
c
ites
p
h
ase-A
th
ro
ug
h
switch
S1
an
d
S
2
.
F
igur
e
3
(
b)
d
epic
t
s
t
he
f
r
e
e
-
wh
ee
li
ng
m
ode
o
f
ph
as
e-A
wh
e
r
e
t
h
e
en
ergy
s
to
red
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
i
l
d
u
r
i
ng
e
x
c
i
t
a
ti
on
m
od
e
i
s
f
ree
w
h
e
e
l
ed
.
Du
ri
ng
th
is
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
pera
tio
n,
s
wi
tc
h
S
1
i
s
o
n
l
y
k
e
pt
ON
wh
ile
a
ll
o
t
h
er
s
witch
e
s
are
tu
rn
e
d
O
F
F
.
In
freewh
e
elin
g
mo
d
e
,
wh
en
the switch
S2
i
s
tu
r
n
ed
OFF, th
e
cu
r
ren
t
fo
r
cefu
lly
for
w
a
r
d
bi
a
s
e
s
t
he
d
i
o
de
D
1.
(a)
(b
)
(c)
(d
)
(e)
(f
)
(g
)
(h
)
(i)
F
i
gur
e
3.
M
o
d
e
s
of
ope
r
a
ti
o
n
o
f
pr
op
ose
d
c
on
ver
t
er
,
(
a
)
O
per
a
t
i
on
of
p
ha
se-
A
e
xc
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
(
b)
P
h
a
s
e
-
A
f
r
e
e
w
hee
lin
g
m
ode,
(
c
)
P
h
a
s
e
-
A
de-
e
ner
g
izin
g
m
ode,
(
d
)
P
h
ase-
B
exci
ta
ti
o
n
, (
e
)
Pha
s
e-B free
w
heel
i
n
g
mode
,
(
f)
P
h
a
s
e
-
B
de
-
e
ne
r
g
iz
in
g
m
ode,
(
g
)
O
p
er
a
tio
n
of
p
ha
se-
C
e
x
c
i
t
a
t
i
on,
(
h)
P
ha
se-
C
f
r
e
e
w
hee
l
i
n
g
m
ode,
(
i
)
P
h
a
s
e
-
C
de-
e
ner
g
i
z
i
ng
mode
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:208
8-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
V
ol
.
11,
N
o.
1
,
M
a
r
2020
:1
89
–
1
9
9
19
2
The
fr
ee
w
h
ee
li
ng
c
ur
r
e
n
t
p
at
h
f
o
r
p
h
ase-
A
is
p
r
o
vi
de
d
fr
o
m
t
he
c
o
il
t
hr
o
u
g
h
d
io
de
D
1
and
sw
i
t
ch
S
1
.
F
i
gur
e
3(
c
)
r
e
p
r
e
se
nt
s
t
h
e
de-
e
ner
g
i
z
i
n
g
m
ode
o
f
p
h
a
s
e-
A
.
D
ur
ing
t
h
i
s
m
ode
a
l
l
t
h
e
pow
er
s
w
i
t
c
hes
ar
e
O
F
F
and
the
d
e
-
e
ne
r
g
iz
i
ng o
f
p
hase-
A
i
s f
o
llow
e
d
fr
om co
i
l of
p
hase-
A
t
h
r
ou
gh d
i
o
d
e D
1
–
s
our
ce
po
s
i
tive
–
sour
c
e
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
–
d
i
o
d
e
D
4
a
nd
c
o
i
l
of
p
has
e
-
A
.
D
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
i
s
m
o
d
e
of
o
pe
r
a
ti
on,
t
he
e
ner
g
y
st
or
ed
i
n
c
o
il
o
f
pha
se
-
A
c
har
g
e
s
t
he
s
o
u
r
ce
and
th
us
t
he
n
am
e
r
e
ge
ner
a
t
i
ve
m
o
d
e.
S
im
i
l
a
r
m
odes
o
f
o
per
a
t
i
o
n
f
or
p
h
a
se-
B
e
x
ci
ta
t
i
o
n
,
fre
e
w
heel
in
g,
d
e-e
n
erg
i
zi
n
g
i
s
ill
us
t
r
ate
d
i
n
Fig
u
r
es
3
(d
),
3
(e
),
3
(f
)
re
sp
ec
t
i
v
e
l
y
an
d
ph
ase
-
C
e
x
ci
ta
t
i
o
n
,
fr
eew
heel
in
g,
d
e-e
n
erg
i
zi
n
g
m
od
es a
re depic
te
d
in F
i
g
u
r
es 3
(g)
,
3
(
h
),
3
(i) resp
ectiv
e
l
y
.
D
u
r
i
n
g
f
r
e
ew
h
e
eli
ng
m
ode
o
f
o
p
er
a
t
i
on
o
f
a
n
y
p
ar
t
i
cu
l
a
r
pha
se,
the
sw
i
t
c
h
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
in
t
ha
t
p
a
rti
c
ul
ar
r
e
s
pe
ct
i
v
e
ph
a
s
e
tu
rn
s
OF
F
a
nd
fo
r
c
e
f
ul
l
y
t
u
r
n
s
ON
t
he
d
i
o
de
c
onne
c
t
ed
i
n
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
ve
p
hase
.
S
w
it
c
h
S
1
w
i
l
l
be
t
ur
n
e
d
O
N
i
n
exc
i
tat
i
o
n
a
n
d
fr
eew
h
e
e
l
i
n
g
m
o
de
o
f
oper
a
t
i
o
n
s
wh
ile
it
is
t
ur
ne
d
O
FF
in
d
e
-
e
n
erg
i
zi
n
g
m
o
d
e.
P
ha
se
d
e-
ener
g
i
z
i
ng
i
n
a
ny
o
f
the
p
h
a
s
e
ope
rat
i
ons
i
s
d
one
t
hr
ou
g
h
d
i
o
de
D
4
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
e
spec
tive
co
i
l
.
The
sw
i
t
ch
i
n
g
t
i
me
s
o
f
r
e
s
pe
cti
v
e
sw
i
t
ches
a
re
i
l
l
u
st
r
a
ted
in
F
i
g
ur
e
4.
P
ul
se
h
i
g
h
r
e
pr
ese
n
ts
the
t
u
rn ON
st
a
t
e of pa
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r switc
h
an
d pu
l
s
e
l
o
w
re
present
s
th
e
tu
r
n
O
F
F
state
o
f
a p
ar
t
i
c
u
lar switch
.
Fig
u
r
e 4
.
S
witch
i
ng
times o
f s
w
it
c
h
es S
1
, S2
,
S3
a
n
d
S4
.
3.
S
P
E
E
D
CO
NTROL OF SWI
T
CHE
D
R
EL
UCTANCE MO
T
OR
A
lar
g
e
num
be
r
of
m
o
t
or
s
ar
e
b
e
in
g
use
d
f
or
g
e
n
er
a
l
p
ur
pose
s
i
n
o
ur
s
ur
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
gs
f
r
o
m
h
ouse-
hol
d
e
q
u
i
pm
ent
t
o
m
ac
hi
ne
t
o
o
l
s
i
n
in
dus
tria
l
faci
l
ities.
S
p
e
ed
c
on
t
r
o
l
o
f
a
n
y
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
is
e
s
s
e
n
t
ia
l
i
n
a
n
y
i
ndu
st
ri
al
a
p
p
lic
at
ion
.
B
ein
g
w
i
d
el
y
used
,
SRM
sp
e
e
d
co
nt
rol
i
s
a
l
s
o
an
a
re
a
o
f
r
e
s
ea
rc
h
fo
r
p
r
ec
i
s
e
sp
ee
d
co
nt
rol
o
f
SR
M
.
3.
1.
Open-
l
o
o
p
speed
co
n
tro
l
o
f SRM
Whe
n
t
he p
h
a
s
e
s
a
r
e exc
i
te
d f
r
om th
e
c
o
nver
t
er
a
nd
phase
w
in
din
gs
o
f S
R
M
pr
od
uce
l
o
w
r
e
lucta
n
c
e
pa
th
f
or
r
o
t
or
t
o
al
i
g
n
pr
o
d
u
c
i
n
g
r
e
l
uc
t
a
nce
tor
que
.
T
h
e
pr
od
uc
t
o
f
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
ha
pe
e
xtr
a
c
t
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
a
n
g
u
l
a
r
di
sp
lace
me
n
t
o
f
S
R
M
a
n
d
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
i
t
ude
y
ie
l
d
s
c
u
r
r
e
nt
r
efe
r
enc
e
an
d
the
si
g
n
al
c
urre
nt
r
efere
n
ce
when
co
mp
are
d
w
it
h
a
c
t
u
al
c
u
rren
t
i
s
se
nt
t
o
hy
st
e
r
e
s
i
s
c
on
t
r
ol
l
e
r.
Gate
s
igna
ls
a
re
s
ent
t
o
s
wit
c
h
e
s
from
h
y
st
ere
s
is
c
o
n
t
r
o
ller
.
N
o
spee
d
l
o
o
p
i
s
p
r
ov
ide
d
i
n
ope
n
loo
p
c
on
f
i
g
u
r
ati
o
n
an
d
s
o
p
r
ecise
ness
o
f
s
p
eed
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
is
l
ess.
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
i
l
l
us
tr
ates
t
h
e
ope
n-
l
oop
spee
d
co
nt
r
o
l
of
S
R
M.
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
.
O
p
e
n
-
lo
op
spee
d
co
ntr
o
l
o
f
S
R
M
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Close
d
-
l
o
op
sp
e
e
d c
o
n
t
ro
l of
sw
itc
he
d
re
l
u
ct
ance
m
o
to
r
driv
e
f
e
d fr
om
no
ve
l … (
A
shok
K
u
m
a
r K
o
l
l
ur
u
)
19
3
3.
2.
Closed
-lo
o
p
sp
ee
d
cont
rol of
SRM
P
r
ecisene
ss
i
n
spe
d
i
s
n
o
t
ac
hie
v
e
d
i
n
op
e
n
-
l
oop
S
R
M
c
ontr
o
l.
T
he
s
pe
ed
v
arie
s
wi
th
v
aria
tio
n
i
n
l
o
ad
.
In
du
st
ri
al
n
e
e
d
o
f
c
on
st
an
t
sp
ed
w
it
h
l
o
ad
v
a
r
i
a
t
i
ons
c
o
n
stra
in
t
fa
i
l
s
i
n
ope
n-l
o
o
p
S
RM
c
o
n
t
r
o
l.
A
c
l
o
s
e
d
-
l
oop
co
ntr
o
l
o
f
S
R
M
m
a
ke
s
the
r
o
t
o
r
to
r
ot
a
t
e
a
t
p
r
e
c
i
se
sp
e
e
d
with
fin
e
con
trol.
C
l
o
s
ed
-
l
oo
p
sp
e
e
d
co
nt
rol
of
S
R
M
i
s
il
l
u
st
ra
t
e
d
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
6
.
S
p
e
e
d
f
e
e
dbac
k
i
s
n
o
t
p
r
o
v
i
de
d
i
n
ope
n-
l
oop
b
u
t
i
s
pr
o
v
i
d
e
d
i
n
c
l
o
s
e
d
-
l
o
o
p
mode
.
P
r
op
or
t
i
o
nal-
I
n
t
e
g
ral
con
t
ro
l
co
nt
rol
s
t
h
e
e
rro
r
b
e
t
w
een
t
he
ac
t
u
al
a
n
d
t
h
e
se
t
s
p
eed
g
e
n
e
r
at
i
n
g
cu
rren
t
m
agni
tud
e
.
T
h
e
p
r
od
uc
t
o
f
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
ha
p
e
e
xtr
a
cte
d
f
r
o
m
the
an
gu
l
a
r
di
spl
a
c
e
men
t
o
f
SR
M
and
t
h
e
curren
t
m
agn
i
tu
de
y
i
e
l
d
s
cu
rr
en
t
ref
e
r
e
n
c
e
an
d
th
e
sign
al
c
u
r
ren
t
r
e
fe
r
e
nc
e
w
h
en
c
om
par
e
d
w
i
th
a
c
t
ua
l
cur
r
e
nt
i
s
se
n
t
t
o
h
y
s
ter
e
s
i
s
c
on
tro
l
ler.
G
a
t
e
signa
l
s
a
re
s
ent
to
s
witc
he
s
f
r
o
m
hyste
r
e
si
s
con
t
r
o
ller
.
S
peed
l
o
o
p
i
s
p
r
ov
ide
d
i
n
cl
ose
d
l
o
o
p
c
o
n
f
i
g
ur
a
tio
n
a
n
d
s
o
p
r
e
c
i
se
ne
ss
o
f
s
pe
ed
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
i
s
h
ig
h
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
6
. Clo
sed
-
lo
op
sp
e
e
d
co
n
trol o
f S
R
M
4.
RESU
L
T
S
A
ND ANALY
S
IS
4.
1.
No
-
l
oa
d
srm s
p
eed co
n
tro
l
a
na
ly
s
i
s
with
o
pen
-
lo
o
p
mo
d
e
F
i
gur
e
7
show
s
t
h
e
thr
ee-
pha
se
s
ta
tor
c
u
r
r
e
nt
s,
t
or
que
a
nd
spee
d
of
n
o-
l
o
ad
s
w
itc
he
d
r
e
l
u
cta
n
c
e
m
o
tor
r
u
nn
in
g
w
ith
ope
n
lo
o
p
m
ode
o
f
o
p
e
r
a
tion.
T
hr
e
e
-
pha
se
s
ta
tor
cur
r
ents
w
i
t
h
m
agn
i
tu
de
2
0A
h
avi
n
g
pha
se
over
l
a
p
w
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gur
e
7.
S
RM
t
or
que
w
i
t
h
r
i
p
p
l
e
is
s
how
n
in
F
i
g
ur
e.
S
pee
d
o
f
o
p
e
n
l
oo
p
no-
l
o
a
d
S
R
M
i
s
4
6
0
0
R
P
M
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
h
i
g
h
e
r
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
d
e
s
i
r
e
d
s
p
e
e
d
a
t
t
a
i
n
s
f
i
n
a
l
v
a
l
u
e
a
t
1
.
3
s
e
c
.
A
s
t
h
e
r
e
i
s
n
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
o
v
er
t
h
e
s
pee
d
a
nd
w
ith
n
o-
l
o
a
d
m
ot
or
c
on
di
tio
n,
m
ot
or
rotate
s
with
h
ig
he
r spe
e
d
s
.
F
i
gur
e
7.
S
w
itche
d
r
e
luc
t
a
n
ce
m
ot
or
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
ist
i
c
s
t
hr
ee
-
p
h
a
se
s
tat
o
r
c
u
r
r
e
nts,
t
or
que
a
n
d
spe
e
d
w
i
t
h
o
p
e
n
l
oop
m
o
d
e
o
f op
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:208
8-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
V
ol
.
11,
N
o.
1
,
M
a
r
2020
:1
89
–
1
9
9
19
4
F
i
gur
e
8
ill
us
t
r
ates
t
he
i
n
d
i
vi
dua
l
s
t
ea
dy-
s
t
a
t
e
p
h
ase
c
u
r
r
e
nts
o
f
S
R
M
s
t
ator
a
n
d
eac
h
pha
se
c
ur
r
e
n
t
of
20A
p
ea
k
is
e
xci
t
ed
t
o
t
h
e
pha
se
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
.
Thr
e
e
-
phase
f
lu
x
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
i
n
S
R
M
is
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
gur
e
9
.
T
he
pe
ak
v
a
l
ue
o
f
f
l
u
x
i
s
0.
0
3
5
W
b
is
p
r
o
duce
d
w
hen
t
h
e
pha
se
i
s
e
x
ci
ted.
F
i
gur
e
8.
I
ndi
v
i
d
u
a
l
pha
se
c
ur
r
e
nts
i
n
s
ta
tor
of
S
RM
F
i
gur
e
9.
T
hr
e
e
-
phase
f
lu
x
in
S
RM
4.
2.
N
o
-l
o
a
d
s
r
m
c
l
o
s
e
d
-
l
o
o
p
s
p
e
ed
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
w
i
th
f
i
x
ed
s
p
e
e
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
10
s
hows
th
e
t
h
re
e-ph
a
s
e
st
ato
r
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s,
t
o
r
qu
e
an
d
sp
e
ed
o
f
n
o
-
l
oad
sw
itc
he
d
r
e
l
u
c
t
anc
e
mo
t
o
r
ru
nni
ng
wi
t
h
c
l
o
se
d
-
lo
op
f
i
x
ed
s
p
e
e
d
v
ari
a
ti
on
m
od
e
o
f
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n.
T
hr
e
e
-
phase
s
tat
o
r
cur
r
ent
s
w
i
t
h
ma
g
n
itu
d
e
20A
p
ea
k
a
r
e
t
a
ken
by
m
o
t
o
r
w
i
ndi
ng
s
i
n
i
t
i
a
lly
a
nd
a
f
ter
spe
e
d
set
t
l
e
s
t
o
f
i
nal
va
lue,
t
he
c
ur
r
e
nt
e
x
ci
ta
t
i
o
n
t
o
p
h
ase
w
i
n
d
i
ngs
d
r
o
ps
t
o
4A
a
s
show
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
10.
S
RM
t
or
que
w
i
t
h
r
ip
pl
e
i
s
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
1
0
.
S
p
e
e
d
c
o
m
man
d
o
f
2
000R
P
M
i
s
set
t
o
SR
M
in
c
lo
se
d-l
o
o
p
mod
e
of
oper
a
ti
on,
bu
t
t
he
fi
n
a
l
v
a
l
ue
o
f 2
0
0
0
RP
M
spe
e
d
i
s
atta
i
n
e
d
a
t
0.
24
s
e
c
w
hich
i
s
f
a
r
ear
li
e
r
t
ha
n
i
n
ope
n
loo
p
m
ode
o
f
o
p
er
a
tio
n.
Fi
g
u
r
e 10
. Swi
t
ch
ed
re
l
u
c
t
a
n
ce mo
t
o
r ch
a
r
ac
t
e
ri
st
i
c
s t
h
ree
-
p
h
a
s
e
stat
or
c
u
r
r
e
nts,
t
or
que
a
nd
sp
eed
w
i
t
h
clo
s
ed
l
o
op
an
d
f
i
xe
d
spee
d
m
ode
o
f
o
p
er
at
io
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
& D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
C
l
ose
d
-l
o
op sp
ee
d con
t
r
o
l
of
switc
he
d rel
u
ct
ance
m
o
to
r dri
ve
fed fr
om
no
v
e
l …
(Ashok
K
u
m
a
r K
o
l
l
ur
u
)
19
5
F
i
gure
11
i
l
l
u
stra
tes
t
h
e
ste
a
dy-
state
i
n
di
vi
dua
l
ph
ase
cur
r
ent
s
of
n
o-l
o
a
d
c
l
o
se
d-
lo
op
S
R
M
s
t
a
t
or
and
e
a
c
h
pha
se
c
urrent
o
f
4A
(
stea
d
y
-sta
te)
pe
a
k
i
s
e
x
c
i
t
e
d
to
the
p
h
ase
wind
i
n
gs
.
Thr
ee-
phase
f
lu
x
w
a
ve
form
in S
R
M
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n F
i
gur
e 1
2
.
F
i
gure
1
1
.
Indi
vid
u
a
l
p
hase
c
urr
e
nts i
n
sta
to
r
o
f
S
RM
F
i
gure
1
2
.
Three
-
phase
flu
x i
n
S
RM
4.3.
Load
ed
srm
s
p
e
ed
con
trol
a
n
a
lysis
w
i
t
h
o
p
e
n
-
loop
m
od
e
F
o
r
loa
d
ed
S
RM
c
ond
it
i
on,
l
oad
t
o
rq
ue
o
f
2.
5N
m
is
a
pp
l
i
e
d
as
l
o
a
d
t
o
SRM
at
i
n
s
t
a
n
t
0
.5
s
eco
nd
s.
F
o
r
loade
d
S
RM
c
o
n
d
i
tio
n,
l
oad
to
r
que
o
f
2.
5N
m
is
a
pp
l
i
e
d
a
s
l
o
ad
t
o
S
R
M
at
i
ns
ta
nt
0
.
5
s
e
c
o
n
d
s.
F
igure
1
3
show
s
t
h
e
t
h
re
e
-
phase
s
ta
tor
curre
nts,
t
orq
u
e
a
nd
s
pee
d
o
f
loa
d
e
d
s
w
i
tc
h
e
d
re
luc
t
a
n
ce
m
o
t
o
r
r
unn
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
ope
n
l
o
o
p
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
at
ion.
A
t
hre
e
-p
ha
se
s
t
a
tor
c
u
rr
ent
w
i
t
h
ma
g
n
it
ud
e
of
2
0A
w
as
s
how
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
13.
SRM
tor
que
w
ith
r
i
p
p
l
e
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
gure
.
A
s
load
i
s
a
pplie
d
a
t
0.
5
se
c,
s
pe
ed
d
ro
ps
a
fter
0
.5
s
ec.
T
here
i
s
no c
o
n
t
ro
l
over
t
h
e
spee
d in o
pen
l
oop
mode
and
th
us
t
h
e
spee
d
dr
ops
a
fte
r
load
i
n
g
t
he
S
R
M
at
0.5 se
co
nds.
F
i
gure
1
3
.
Sw
itche
d re
l
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
m
otor
c
ha
rac
t
e
r
is
t
i
c
s
t
h
r
ee
-pha
s
e
st
a
t
or
cu
r
rents,
t
or
que a
nd sp
ee
d w
i
th
ope
n
l
oop
mo
d
e
o
f
op
era
t
i
on
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:208
8-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
V
ol
.
11,
N
o.
1
,
M
a
r
2020
:1
89
–
1
9
9
19
6
F
i
gur
e
1
4
ill
us
tr
ates
t
he
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
s
tea
d
y-
sta
t
e
pha
se
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
o
f
S
R
M
s
t
a
t
o
r
a
n
d
e
a
c
h
p
h
a
s
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
of
2
0A
p
e
a
k
i
s
e
xci
t
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
p
h
a
s
e
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s.
T
hr
ee-
phase
f
l
ux
wav
e
f
o
rm in
SRM is sho
w
n
in
F
i
gu
re
1
5
.
F
i
gur
e
1
4
.
I
ndivi
d
u
al
p
h
a
se
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
in
s
ta
to
r
of
S
R
M
F
i
gur
e
1
5
.
Thr
ee-
phase
f
lu
x
i
n
S
R
M
4.
4.
Lo
a
d
ed
s
rm clo
s
e
d-
l
o
o
p
spee
d
co
n
tro
l
a
na
ly
s
i
s
w
i
th
f
ix
ed
spee
d
F
o
r
l
o
a
d
e
d
S
R
M
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
,
l
o
a
d
t
o
r
q
u
e
o
f
2
.
5
N
m
i
s
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
a
s
l
o
ad
t
o
S
R
M
a
t
i
ns
ta
nt
0
.
5
s
e
c
o
n
d
s.
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
6
s
h
o
w
s
the
thr
e
e
-
p
h
ase
s
t
at
or
c
u
r
r
e
nts,
t
or
q
u
e
a
nd
s
p
e
e
d
o
f
l
o
ad
ed
s
wi
t
c
h
e
d
re
l
u
ct
an
ce
m
o
t
o
r
r
unni
n
g
w
i
t
h
c
l
o
s
e
d
-
l
o
op
f
i
xe
d
s
p
ee
d
var
i
a
t
i
on
m
o
de
o
f
o
p
e
r
a
ti
o
n.
A
t
hr
ee-
phase
s
ta
tor
pha
se
w
ind
i
ng
s
ar
e
e
x
ci
te
d w
i
th c
u
r
r
e
nt
o
f
5
.
5A
b
e
f
or
e
(
0
.
5
se
c
)
l
o
a
d
i
n
g.
A
f
t
e
r
l
o
a
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
nt
r
aises
t
o
m
agni
tude
2
0
A
(
after
loa
d
in
g)
w
as
s
how
n
i
n
F
ig
ur
e.
S
RM
t
or
que
w
it
h
r
i
p
p
l
e
i
s
s
how
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
.
Tor
que
r
i
s
es
a
f
t
e
r
l
oa
d
i
ng
t
h
e
S
R
M.
S
pe
ed
c
omm
a
nd
of
2
0
0
0
R
P
M
i
s
set
to
S
R
M
i
n
c
l
o
s
ed-
l
oo
p
m
ode
o
f
o
p
er
at
ion
b
u
t
the
fi
na
l
va
lue
o
f
spee
d
is a
t
t
a
i
ne
d a
t
0
.
2
2
se
c w
h
ic
h
is
f
a
r
b
e
f
o
r
e
tha
n
ope
n
l
o
o
p
m
ode
o
f
op
e
r
ati
on.
T
ho
ug
h
the
S
R
M
i
s
l
oa
de
d
a
t
0
.
5
s
ec,
t
he
m
otor
r
uns
w
i
t
h
c
on
sta
n
t
spe
e
d
o
f
2
0
00
RP
M
in
c
lose
d-
l
o
op
m
ode.
Fi
g
u
r
e 16
. Swi
t
ch
ed
re
l
u
c
t
a
n
ce mo
t
o
r ch
a
r
ac
t
e
ri
st
i
c
s t
h
ree
-
p
h
a
s
e
stat
or
c
u
r
r
e
nts,
t
or
que
a
nd
sp
eed
w
i
t
h
clo
s
ed
l
o
op
an
d
f
i
xe
d
spee
d
m
ode
o
f
o
p
er
at
io
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
& D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
C
l
ose
d
-l
o
op sp
ee
d con
t
r
o
l
of
switc
he
d rel
u
ct
ance
m
o
to
r dri
ve
fed fr
om
no
v
e
l …
(Ashok
K
u
m
a
r K
o
l
l
ur
u
)
19
7
F
i
gure
1
7
i
l
l
u
stra
tes
the
s
t
e
a
d
y-
s
t
a
t
e
(a
fte
r
l
oa
d
i
ng
c
o
ndit
i
on
)
ind
i
vi
dua
l
ph
as
e
cu
rre
n
ts
o
f
S
R
M
st
a
t
or
a
n
d
eac
h
p
h
ase
curr
en
t
of
20A
p
ea
k
is
e
xc
i
t
ed
t
o
th
e
pha
se
w
i
n
d
i
ngs.
Thre
e-p
h
a
s
e
fl
ux
w
a
ve
fo
rm
i
n
S
R
M
i
s
s
how
n
i
n
F
i
gure
1
8
.
T
able
2
r
e
p
r
e
sen
t
s
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
ara
t
i
v
e
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
be
t
w
e
e
n
c
l
o
s
ed-
l
o
op
m
o
de
a
n
d
ope
n-l
o
op m
o
d
e
o
f S
R
M
perf
orma
nce.
F
i
gure
1
7
.
Indi
vid
u
a
l
p
hase
c
urr
e
nts i
n
sta
to
r
o
f
S
RM
F
i
gure
1
8
.
Three
-
phase
flu
x i
n
S
RM
Tab
l
e 2.
Comp
a
rati
ve
a
nal
y
s
i
s
N
o
-Loa
d
L
o
a
d
(
T
o
r
que
o
f
2.
5
Nm
at
i
n
st
a
n
t
0.
5
se
c
)
Ope
n
-
l
oop
C
los
e
d-
L
oop
O
pe
n-
l
oop
C
l
ose
d
-Loop
St
ato
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t
T
o
rque
S
pe
e
d
S
ta
tor
cu
r
r
en
t
T
o
rque
S
pe
e
d
S
ta
t
o
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t
T
o
rque
S
pe
e
d
S
ta
tor
c
u
rre
nt
T
o
rque
S
pe
e
d
20A
p
eak
0.
8
Nm
4600R
P
M
,
re
a
c
he
s
f
i
n
a
l va
lue
at 1
.3
S
e
c
4A
(S
.
S
)
0.
3
N
m
(S
.
S
)
2
000
RP
M,
re
a
c
he
s
fina
l
va
l
u
e
a
t
0
.
24
Se
c
20A
p
eak
2.
8
Nm
I
nc
rea
s
e
s
to
3800
RP
M
be
for
e
loa
d
i
ng
a
nd
d
r
ops
af
t
e
r
loa
d
i
n
g
5.
5A
be
fore
loa
d
(S.S)
a
nd
20A
af
t
e
r
loa
d
ing
(S.S)
0.
3
N
m
(S
.
S
)
2000
RP
M,
re
a
c
he
s
fina
l
v
a
lu
e
at
0.
22
Se
c
5.
CONCL
U
S
ION
S
w
it
c
h
e
d
r
e
l
uc
t
a
nce
m
o
t
o
r
(S
RM)
is
a
v
er
y
a
dva
nce
d
a
n
d
s
pe
c
i
al
e
l
ec
tric
al
m
achi
n
e
in
m
ode
rn
d
a
y
elec
tr
ical
a
p
p
li
ca
tio
ns
d
ue
t
o
it
s
su
peri
or
m
erit
s
ove
r
o
t
her
t
y
p
e
of
e
le
ctri
cal
m
a
c
hi
nes.
T
h
i
s
pa
per
prese
n
ts
the
n
o
v
e
l
c
on
v
e
r
t
e
r
c
on
fig
u
ra
ti
o
n
w
i
t
h
l
ess
num
ber
of
s
w
itche
s
for
swit
c
h
ed
r
eluctance
m
o
tor
(
S
RM).
T
he
no
ve
l
c
o
nve
rte
r
f
or
S
RM
i
s
te
ste
d
f
or
o
pe
n-l
o
o
p
m
ode
a
nd
c
l
o
s
ed
-
l
o
o
p
m
ode
o
f
o
p
e
rati
on.
F
urthe
r
t
he
clo
s
ed-l
o
op
mode
o
f
o
p
er
at
i
o
n
of
S
R
M
w
i
t
h
pr
op
ose
d
nove
l
c
o
n
v
e
r
te
r
is
t
e
s
te
d
w
i
t
h
f
i
x
e
d
s
pee
d
.
The
pro
pose
d
c
on
v
e
rter
f
or
S
RM
T
i
s
e
va
lua
t
e
d
w
ith
l
oa
de
d
c
o
n
d
iti
on
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
ar
at
ive
a
n
aly
s
i
s
o
f
n
o
-l
o
a
d
an
d
l
o
ad
ed
SR
M
i
s p
r
es
en
t
e
d
.
Th
e
p
ro
po
s
e
d
co
nvert
e
r
wo
r
k
s
sa
t
i
s
f
act
ori
l
y
for
l
o
a
d
e
d
o
pe
rat
i
o
n
s.
REFE
RENCES
[1]
T
.
J
.
E
.
M
i
l
l
e
r
,
E
d
,
Switch
e
d Rel
u
ct
an
ce
M
o
tor
s
an
d t
h
eir Con
t
r
o
l
,
Leb
a
non
,
OH:
M
ag
na
P
hy
si
cs/O
x
f
o
r
d
Un
iv
e
r
sit
y
P
res
s
,
19
93.
[2]
H. X.
W
u
,
Switch relu
cta
n
ce
m
o
tor
th
eory and
contr
o
l
tech
no
lo
gy
,
B
eiji
ng
:
Chin
e
s
e
P
o
w
e
r
P
r
ess
,
2010
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
208
8-
86
94
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
V
o
l
. 11,
N
o.
1, Mar
202
0 :1
8
9
–
1
9
9
19
8
[3]
K
i
r
u
th
i
k
a
,
D
a
n
d
S
u
si
tr
a
,
D
,
"
S
p
e
e
d
C
on
t
r
ol
le
r
of
S
w
i
tc
h
e
d
R
e
lu
ct
ance
M
o
t
o
r,"
Ind
i
an
Jou
r
na
l o
f
Sci
e
nce an
d
T
echn
o
lo
gy
,
pp
. 10
4
3
-
10
48,
A
u
g
2
01
4.
[4]
J.
D
ang
,
J
.
R.
M
ayo
r
,
J.
R
es
tre
p
o,
S
.
A.
S
emi
d
ey
,
R.
G
.
Harl
e
y
and
T.
H
abet
ler,
"
Hi
gh
s
p
e
ed
S
RM
c
on
tro
l
con
s
i
d
erin
g
t
h
e
in
du
ctan
ce
p
ro
fi
le
o
f
a
f
l
ux
-brid
g
e
ro
tor,
"
IE
EE Inter
natio
nal Electric M
a
chi
n
es
&
D
r
i
ves
Con
f
eren
ce
(
I
EM
DC), Co
eur d'A
l
ene,
ID
,
pp.
1
5
9
3
-
15
99,
201
5.
[5]
M
.
R
a
f
i
ee,
E
.
Afjei
,
a
n
d
A
.
Sia
d
atan
,
"Des
ig
n
and
con
s
t
r
ucti
on
o
f
a
n
ew
S
RM
s
enso
rless
driver,"
2
1
s
t
Ir
anian
Con
f
eren
ce
on
El
ectrica
l E
ngineer
in
g (
I
CE
E), M
a
s
h
h
a
d
,
p
p
. 1-5
,
20
13
.
[6]
Xu
do
ng
G
a
o
et
a
l
.
,
"A
R
ev
iew
o
f
T
orq
u
e
Rip
p
le
C
ont
rol
S
t
rate
g
i
e
s
of
S
w
itch
e
d
Relu
ctance
M
o
t
or,
"
Interna
t
ion
a
l
Jou
r
n
a
l o
f
Contro
l and
Auto
mation
,
vol.
8
,
No.
4
,
p
p
.
1
0
3
-1
16,
2015
.
[7]
M
.
A
sgar
,
E.
A
f
j
ei
,
A
.
Si
a
dat
a
n
,
an
d
A
.
Z
a
k
e
r
o
l
h
o
ssei
n
i
,
"A n
e
w
modified asymmet
r
ic
b
ridg
e
drive circui
t switched
relu
ctance
mo
to
r,"
in Pr
oc.
E
u
r
opean
Co
nf
eren
ce Circu
i
t T
h
eo
ry and
Des
i
g
n
, pp
.
5
39
-54
2
,
Au
g 2
0
0
9
.
[8]
Malligun
t
a
.
K
i
r
a
n
Kumar
and
Dr
G
R
K
M
urthy,
"
Open
L
o
o
p
and
Clo
sed
Lo
op
P
erf
o
rm
a
n
ce
o
f
S
witch
e
d
Relu
ctance
Mo
to
r
with
V
ari
o
u
s
C
o
n
v
e
rter
T
opolo
g
i
e
s,
"
In
te
rna
tio
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Po
we
r Ele
c
t
ro
n
i
c
s
an
d
Driv
e
Sys
t
em, Vol.
5,
S
p
eci
al
Iss
u
e o
n
E
l
ect
r
i
c
Po
wer
Con
vert
e
r
,
pp
.
8
3
-92
,
J
ul
201
4
.
[9]
Malligun
t
a
.K
i
r
an
K
umar
a
nd
D
r.O.
C
handra
S
ekhar,
"
PI
a
nd
F
uzzy
bas
e
d
s
p
ee
d
c
o
nt
rol
o
f
S
wit
c
hed
Reluct
ance
M
o
t
o
r
wit
h
v
ario
us
C
onv
erter
T
o
p
o
l
ogies,
"
S
p
ring
er: Artif
i
c
i
al Int
e
ll
igen
ce an
d
Evol
u
t
io
na
r
y
Com
p
u
t
ati
o
n
s
in
En
gi
neeri
ng System
s
, 20
1
6
.
[10]
S
a
m
i
a
M
.
M
a
h
m
o
u
d
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
S
t
u
d
y
i
n
g
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
T
y
p
e
s
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
C
o
n
vert
ers
F
e
d
S
w
i
t
ch
ed
R
elu
c
tance
M
o
t
o
r,"
Int
e
rn
ati
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l of El
ectr
o
ni
cs a
nd El
ectrica
l
E
ngi
neerin
g
,
vol
.
1
,
N
o.
4
,
p
p
2
81
-29
0
,
D
ec,
2013
.
[11]
S.
K
.
S
i
ng
h
a
n
d
R.
K
.
Tr
ip
a
t
h
i
,
"
M
in
imiz
a
t
io
n
o
f
t
o
r
qu
e
r
i
p
p
le
s
i
n
S
R
M
driv
e
u
s
in
g
D
I
TC
f
o
r
e
lect
rical
v
eh
i
c
le
app
l
i
c
at
io
n
,
" E
n
g
i
neeri
n
g
and
S
y
s
t
ems
(S
CES
)
,
201
3 S
t
u
d
ents
Conf
eren
ce on
,
Alla
ha
ba
d
, pp
. 1
-5,
2
01
3.
[12]
Srinivas
P
ratapgiri,
"
E
ff
ect
o
f
Switch
i
ng
F
requen
c
y
in
D
TC
B
ase
d
S
w
it
ched
R
el
uct
a
nce
M
o
to
r
Driv
e,"
Indo
nes
i
a
n
jo
ur
nal of e
l
ectrical
eng
i
n
eerin
g
an
d co
mpu
t
er
sci
e
nces
,
v
o
l
12
, N
o. 1
2,
Dec 2
0
1
4
.
[13]
Malligun
t
a
K
iran
K
umar,
G.R
.
K
.
M
urt
h
y
,
a
nd
S
S
S
rinivas.
Addal
a
,
"
O
p
en
L
oo
p
and
Cl
osed
L
oo
p
P
e
rf
orm
a
nce
of
S
w
itched
Reluctance
M
o
t
o
r
wi
th
V
ario
us
C
o
nvert
er
T
op
ol
ogies,
"
In
ter
natio
na
l
jo
ur
na
l o
f
power electr
o
n
i
c an
d
dr
ive s
y
st
ems
,
v
o
l
5
(1),
pp
83
-92,
201
4.
[14]
Al
exand
e
r
Pet
r
us
hi
n
and
M
a
x
i
m
Tchav
y
ch
a
l
ov
,
"
I
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
of
S
en
so
r
l
e
s
s
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
o
n
t
h
e
N
o
i
s
e
o
f
S
w
i
t
c
h
e
d
Relu
ctance
M
o
t
o
r
Dri
v
e,"
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
ur
na
l of
P
o
wer
Elect
ron
i
cs
and
Dri
ve Syst
ems
(
I
J
P
EDS)
,
v
o
l
.
6,
N
o
.
3
,
p
p
4
33
-43
8
, 2
01
5.
[15]
Vi
nay
K
u
m
a
r
and
T
.
K
i
r
a
n
K
u
m
ar,
M.A,
"
A
S
o
l
a
r
pow
ered
S
RM
d
riv
e
f
o
r
E
V
S
u
s
i
n
g
f
u
z
z
y
con
t
ro
ller,
"
In
tern
at
io
nal Jo
urn
a
l o
f
In
no
vati
ve T
e
chn
o
l
o
g
y
an
d E
x
pl
oring
En
gi
nee
r
in
g
,
v
o
l
. 8
, N
o. 10
,
pp
. 4
13
-
418
,
20
19
.
[16]
Duk
k
ip
ati,
S
.
M
a
rthan
d
a,
A
.V.
G
.A.
Ra
j
a
sekh
ar,
an
d
G.G.
K
u
m
ar
,
M
.
K
.
"Des
ig
n
anal
ys
is
a
n
d
i
mp
lem
e
nt
atio
n
of
a
th
ree
ph
ase
seve
n
l
e
v
e
l
pv
&
w
ind
b
a
sed
m
i
cro
g
rid,
"
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jou
r
n
a
l
of In
no
v
a
ti
ve T
echn
o
l
ogy an
d
Expl
oring
En
gi
neeri
n
g
, vo
l
. 8
, No
. 1
0
, pp
.
4
49
5
-
44
98
,
2
0
1
9
.
[17]
S
u
n
d
eep,
D
.
K
u
m
ar,
T.V.
K
u
m
a
r
,
M.K
.
K
ris
hna,
A
.
G
,
a
nd
R
av
iK
um
ar
,
R
.
V
.
S
.
S.N,
"
Mechani
c
al
M
illing
I
n
fluence
on
L
at
ti
ce
Vi
bra
t
ion
a
l
Behavi
ou
r
of
M
o
O
3
-V2
O
5
C
o
m
posit
e
N
a
n
o
p
ow
ders,
"
Silicon
,
vo
l.
1
1
,
N
o.
3
,
p
p
.
15
17
-
15
24
,
2
0
1
9
.
[18]
B
V
Rajanna,
S
V
N
L
L
a
litha,
G
ant
a
J
oga
Rao,
a
nd
S
K
S
hri
v
ast
a
va,
"S
ol
ar
p
ho
to
voltai
c
g
enerat
ors
w
i
t
h
M
P
P
T
and
bat
t
ery
st
orag
e
in
m
icro
grid
s
,
"
in
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jou
r
n
a
l
of
Po
wer E
l
ect
ronics
a
nd
Dr
ive S
y
stem
s (
I
JPED
S
)
,
vo
l
.
7
(
3), p
p.
70
1
-7
1
2
, Sep 2
01
6
.
[19]
B
V
Rajann
a
an
d
M
a
l
l
i
gunta
Ki
ran
K
u
m
a
r,
"
Dy
nam
i
c
m
o
d
e
l
d
e
vel
o
p
m
en
t
for
l
ead
aci
d
s
t
orage
b
a
tt
ery,"
in
Ind
o
n
e
sia
n
Jo
urna
l of
Elect
ri
c
a
l Eng
i
n
eeri
n
g
an
d
Co
mputer
Sci
e
n
ce
(
I
JE
ECS
)
,
vol.
15(2
)
,
p
p
.
6
0
9
-
61
9,
A
ug
20
19
.
[20]
B
V
Raj
a
nna
a
nd
M
al
li
gunta
Kiran
Kum
a
r,
"
Com
p
ari
s
o
n
o
f
o
n
e
and
t
w
o
ti
me
c
onstant
mo
dels
f
or
lithium
ion
bat
t
ery,
"
in
In
t
e
rn
at
ionl
Jou
r
nal of
El
ectrica
l a
nd Com
p
u
t
er
En
gineer
ing
(
I
JECE)
,
v
o
l.
1
0,
N
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
67
0-68
0,
F
eb
20
20
.
[21]
Ku
m
a
r,
M
a
nd
R
am
es
h,
S
,
"
D
esi
gn
an
d
Implem
en
tation
o
f
T
hree-W
i
n
din
g
C
ou
pl
ed
I
nd
ucto
r
an
d
S
w
itch
e
d
Capaci
tor-Bas
ed
D
C-D
C
C
on
verter
F
ed
P
V-TDVR,"
Jou
r
n
a
l
o
f
Cir
c
uit
s
,
Systems
an
d Co
mputers
,
v
o
l
.
2
8
,
N
o
.
9
,
19
50
158
,
2
01
9.
[22]
Nal
l
i
,
R
.
S
u
bb
arao,
K.
R
am
am
o
o
rth
y
,
and
M
.
K
iran
K
umar,
M.,
"S
e
ns
orl
e
ss
control
of
B
LD
C
mot
o
r
u
s
i
ng
flu
x
li
nk
age-bas
e
d
Alg
o
rithm,
"
In
ter
n
at
io
nal Jour
na
l
of En
g
i
neeri
n
g
and
Ad
van
ced
T
e
ch
no
log
y
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
N
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
5
4
9
-
15
56
.
[23]
D.
R
avi
K
i
sh
ore
an
d
T.
V
ij
ay
M
uni
,
"Effi
c
i
en
t
e
n
ergy
m
anag
em
e
n
t
c
on
trol
s
trate
g
y
by
m
od
el
p
redi
cti
v
e
co
nt
rol
for
st
and
a
lon
e
dc micro
grid
s
,
"
A
I
P
Con
f
er
ence P
r
o
c
eed
in
gs
19
92,
0300
12
, 2
01
8.
[24]
T
V
i
j
a
y
Muni
a
nd
S
V
N
L
L
a
litha,
"
Power
M
a
nagement
S
t
r
at
egy
i
n
S
o
l
ar
P
V
Sy
s
t
em
w
ith
B
at
tery
P
ro
tect
io
n
Sc
h
e
me
,"
In
te
rn
atio
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
In
no
v
a
tiv
e
Te
c
h
n
o
log
y
a
n
d
Ex
plor
in
g Eng
i
n
e
e
r
in
g
,
v
o
l.
8
,
No.
6,
p
p-9
6
0
-
964
,
20
19
.
[25]
T
V
i
j
a
y
M
u
n
i
a
n
d
S
V
N
L
L
a
l
i
t
h
a
,
"
F
a
s
t
A
c
t
i
n
g
M
P
P
T
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
f
o
r
S
o
lar
P
V
w
it
h
En
ergy
M
a
nag
e
m
e
nt
f
or
D
C
M
i
crog
rid,
"
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
urn
a
l o
f
En
g
i
neer
ing an
d
Adva
nced
Tech
no
log
y
(
I
JEAT
)
,
vol.
8
,
N
o
.
5
,
pp-1
5
3
9
-1
544
,
20
19
.
[26]
Ku
m
a
r,
M
.K.
D
a
t
t
a,
D
.
V
a
nd
V
ijay
Mu
ni,
T,
"
P
e
rfo
rm
ance
en
h
a
ncem
ent
o
f
a
s
y
n
c
hron
ou
s
m
a
chin
e
wit
h
s
u
p
er
Capaci
tor,
"
In
tern
at
io
nal Jo
urn
a
l of E
n
g
i
neer
in
g
a
n
d
Ad
vanced
Techn
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
. 8
, No
.
4
,
p
p
. 1
20
8-1
2
1
0
,
2
01
9.
[27]
Na
ga
ra
ju
,
M
a
n
d
Ku
ma
r,
M
.K,
"
A
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
s
e
r
i
e
s/p
a
r
a
lle
l
m
ul
ti
l
evel
i
nv
ert
e
r
with
s
ymm
e
tri
cal
a
nd
a
s
y
m
m
e
tri
cal
c
o
nfig
ura
t
io
ns
,"
Int
e
rn
ation
a
l
Journ
a
l of Po
wer
Elect
ron
i
cs
an
d
D
r
i
ve Sys
t
em
s
, vo
l
.
10
, No
. 1
,
p
p
.
3
0
0
-
30
6, 2
01
9.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.