In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
4, D
e
c
e
m
ber
201
9,
pp.
1969~
19
76
ISSN: 2088-
8694,
DOI
:
10.11591
/ijpeds.
v10.
i
4.pp1969-1976
1969
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
Power smoothing method o
f
PMSG
based grid integrated win
d
en
ergy conversion system usi
ng BESS/DSTATCOM
J
aya
lak
s
hm
i
N.
S
.
1
, D
.
N. G
aon
k
a
r
2
,
Sa
nc
hi
t
K
u
ma
r
J
a
i
n
3
1,
3
Dep
a
rtm
e
nt
o
f
Elect
rical and
El
ectron
i
cs En
g
i
n
eerin
g,
M
anip
a
l
I
n
s
tit
u
t
e o
f
T
echn
o
lo
gy
, In
dia
2
Depart
m
e
nt
o
f E
l
ectri
cal an
d
El
ect
ro
nics Eng
ine
e
ring
,
NITK, In
d
ia
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
Dec
1
7
,
2
018
Re
vise
d Mar
1,
201
9
Ac
ce
p
t
ed
Ap
r
1
0
,
2
019
Th
e
ou
tp
ut
o
f
t
h
e
P
M
S
G
based
wi
nd
e
nerg
y
co
nv
e
r
s
i
o
n
s
ystem
(W
EC
S)
i
s
flu
c
tu
atin
g
i
n
n
at
ure
d
u
e
to
i
n
t
erm
i
t
t
en
c
y
o
f
wind
s
p
eed.
Th
e
d
i
s
t
r
ibuti
on
st
ati
c
s
y
n
ch
rono
us
c
om
p
e
ns
ator
(
DS
TA
TCO
M
)
in
corp
orated
w
i
t
h
th
e
b
attery
energ
y
s
to
rage
s
ys
tem
(BESS
)
i
s
us
ed
t
o
s
m
ooth
th
e
po
wer
p
r
od
uc
ed
f
rom
wi
nd
g
en
erator
s
y
s
tem.
T
h
e
c
on
tro
l
s
trat
egy
of
B
E
S
S
/
D
S
TATCOM
a
n
d
i
t
s
integrat
ion
t
o
m
itigate
the
powe
r
fl
uc
t
u
ations
o
f
grid
c
onnecte
d
WE
C
S
i
s
pres
ent
e
d
.
T
hree-l
e
g
t
h
ree-p
h
as
e
vo
lt
age
s
o
u
r
ce
con
v
ert
e
r
(V
S
C
)
b
ased
DS
TATCO
M
i
s
u
s
ed
a
nd
t
h
e
b
a
ttery
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urrent
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s
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o
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o
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h
t
h
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o
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ity
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rid
f
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w
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m
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control
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rategy
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t
he
capability
o
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supp
l
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t
h
e
req
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ired
amount
o
f
power
t
o
the
utili
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w
ith
h
el
p
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a
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ol
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agi
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w
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with
t
he
u
tili
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e
real
time
w
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s
p
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is
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o
n
s
i
d
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t
h
e
sim
u
l
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tio
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stu
dy
of
t
he
s
ystem
.
T
he
e
ffect
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eness
o
f
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e
c
on
tro
l
s
t
rategy
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y
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lid
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ted
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i
m
u
l
ati
on
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su
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A
T
LA
B/Si
mu
l
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nk
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nm
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K
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:
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tt
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DSTA
TC
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l
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i
nd sp
e
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d
Inver
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e
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c
on
tro
l
le
r
P
o
w
e
r qua
lit
y
Wi
n
d
e
nerg
y
sys
t
em
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Jaya
la
k
s
hm
i N
.
S
.,
D
e
pa
rtme
nt
o
f
El
e
c
t
rica
l
a
n
d
El
ect
ro
ni
c
s
Eng
in
e
e
ring
,
M
a
n
i
p
a
l
In
sti
t
u
t
e
o
f
Te
c
hnol
og
y
,
MAHE,
Manipal-576104, I
ndi
a
.
Em
ail:
j
a
ya
la
k
s
hm
i
.
ns@
m
a
n
ipa
l
.
e
d
u
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
The
re
newa
b
l
e
ene
r
g
y
g
e
n
era
t
i
on
s
y
s
t
em
s
ar
e
attrac
ti
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g
g
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e
a
t
a
t
t
e
nti
on
d
u
e
t
o
e
nvir
onm
en
ta
l
pro
b
lem
s
a
nd
i
ncr
easi
n
g
e
n
e
r
gy
d
e
m
a
n
d.
T
he
w
i
n
d
pow
er
h
as
p
o
t
en
t
i
al
t
o
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
w
i
th
f
os
si
l
fue
l
,
a
s
it
is
che
a
per
c
o
mp
a
r
ed
t
o
ot
her
r
e
new
a
bl
e
p
o
w
e
r
ge
n
e
ra
ti
on
s
y
s
tem
s
a
n
d
requ
ire
s
l
ow
m
a
i
nte
n
an
ce
.
The
perm
ane
n
t
m
a
gne
t
s
ync
hro
n
ous
g
e
n
era
t
or
s
(P
MS
G)
b
ase
d
w
ind
s
y
ste
ms
a
re
m
ost
e
ffic
i
ent.
T
he
o
u
t
pu
t
of
t
he
P
M
S
G
b
a
s
ed
w
ind
e
n
er
gy
s
y
ste
m
(
WES
)
i
s
fl
uc
tua
t
i
n
g
due
t
o
in
ter
mi
tt
e
n
c
y
o
f
w
i
n
d
spee
d.
T
he
d
ynam
i
c
mode
l
i
ng
of
W
ES
i
s
discu
s
sed
in
[
1]
a
nd
MP
P
T
f
or
o
p
t
i
m
um
pow
er
gener
a
t
i
o
n
a
r
e
d
i
s
cuss
ed
i
n
[2,
3]
f
or
gri
d
c
o
n
ne
c
t
e
d
ope
rat
i
on
o
f
P
MS
G
based
WES
.
A
c
ontr
o
l
te
ch
n
i
q
u
e
u
sed
for
D
S
T
A
TCOM
o
f
the
grid
con
n
ec
ted
w
i
n
d
e
ne
r
gy
s
y
s
t
e
m
f
or
pow
e
r
q
ual
i
ty
i
m
p
ro
ve
m
e
nt
i
s
r
e
p
ort
e
d
i
n
[
4]
.
V
a
rious
p
ow
er
s
m
o
o
t
hin
g
tech
n
i
q
u
es
u
se
d
for
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
p
ow
er
p
l
a
nts
whi
c
h
a
r
e
dir
ect
ly
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
t
he
t
ran
s
m
i
ssi
o
n
s
y
ste
m
a
r
e
revie
w
ed i
n
[5
]
w
ith
t
he
u
se of
F
A
CTS
dev
i
ce
s.
T
he
e
nerg
y
stor
a
ge
b
ase
d
s
m
ooth
i
ng
te
c
h
n
i
que
s
a
r
e
fou
n
d
t
o
b
e
v
e
r
y
e
f
fe
ctiv
e
i
n
out
put
p
ower s
mo
o
t
h
i
ng o
f
t
h
e
W
ECS.
The
sma
ll-sc
al
e
w
i
n
d
t
urb
i
ne
s
dri
v
en
u
s
i
n
g
P
MS
G
i
s
g
e
t
t
i
ng
mor
e
a
t
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
r
e
c
e
n
t
l
y
i
n
t
h
e
m
a
r
k
e
t
.
In
w
i
n
d
en
erg
y
s
y
s
t
e
ms,
t
h
e
PM
SG
s
a
r
e
o
f
t
e
n
di
re
c
t
ly
c
oupl
ed
t
o
t
he
t
urbi
ne
e
l
i
m
i
na
t
i
n
g
t
he
n
e
e
d
o
f
ge
a
r
bo
x
tha
t
h
e
l
ps
i
n
avo
i
di
n
g
g
e
a
r
l
o
sses
w
h
ic
h
on
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
w
i
n
d
s
pee
ds
d
i
s
tur
b
s
ge
ne
rate
d
v
o
l
ta
ge
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
fre
que
nc
y
leve
l.
W
i
t
h
t
he
h
e
l
p
o
f
pow
er
e
le
c
t
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ni
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e
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ice
s
a
n
d
c
ont
rol
t
e
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th
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T
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e
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r
e
know
n
as
t
he
F
AC
TS
c
ontro
l
l
ers
tha
t
m
a
i
n
l
y
i
n
cl
u
d
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w El
ec &
D
ri S
y
s
t
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 4
,
D
e
c
2
0
19
:
1
969
–
1
976
1
970
D
S
TA
TCO
M
,
sta
t
ic
s
y
n
chr
o
nous
s
e
r
ies
c
o
mpensa
t
o
r
(
S
SS
C
)
a
nd
u
n
i
f
i
e
d
pow
er
f
low
co
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
(
U
P
F
C
)
.
While
t
h
e
c
onv
ention
a
l
DSTATCOM
a
nd
SSSC
can
c
o
n
trol
o
n
e
v
aria
b
le
,
t
h
e
UPFC
c
a
n
c
o
n
t
ro
l
thre
e
va
r
i
a
b
les
[
4
-
6
]
.
T
his
w
o
r
k
m
a
i
nl
y
f
o
c
u
se
s
on
the
p
o
w
e
r
qua
li
ty
an
d
hence
tw
o
va
r
i
ab
le
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
w
i
l
l
b
e
suf
f
i
c
ie
n
t
a
nd
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
a
ch
ieve
d
b
y
usin
g
D
S
TA
TCO
M
o
r
S
S
S
C
with
E
S
S.
The
DSTATCOM
i
s
pr
efe
r
r
e
d
a
n
d
it
i
s
a
s
h
u
n
t
de
vice
t
h
a
t
c
an
b
e
use
d
i
n
gene
r
a
ti
on,
t
r
a
nsmi
ssion
or
d
is
tr
i
b
uti
on
si
de
d
ep
e
n
d
i
ng
on
the
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
to
b
e
con
t
r
o
l
l
ed.
The
o
p
er
a
tio
n
of
c
o
n
v
en
t
i
ona
l
D
S
TA
TCO
M
u
se
d
f
o
r
lo
ad
l
e
v
el
i
ng
a
n
d
v
ol
t
a
ge
c
o
n
t
r
ol
o
f
P
M
S
G
ba
se
d
D
G
se
t
f
o
r
sta
nda
lone
s
upp
l
y
s
ys
tem
is
d
i
s
c
u
sse
d
i
n
[7]
.
The
pr
inc
i
p
l
e
of
D
S
T
A
T
CO
M
a
n
d
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
co
nt
rol
st
ru
ctures
s
u
c
h
as
d
i
r
ec
t
cu
rre
n
t
c
o
n
t
ro
l
,
i
ndi
re
c
t
c
u
r
r
e
nt
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
dua
l
l
o
o
p
c
u
r
r
e
nt
c
on
t
r
o
l
a
nd
P
I
r
e
gu
lat
i
on
ar
e
di
scuss
e
d
in
[
8]
.
A
deta
ile
d
r
e
view
o
f
D
S
TA
T
C
O
M
s
u
s
e
d
for
t
h
e
e
l
ec
tric
power
s
yst
e
m
ar
e
r
e
por
te
d
i
n
[
9]
.
The
a
p
p
l
i
c
atio
n
o
f
D
STA
T
CO
M
/
B
E
S
S
f
or
w
ind
pow
e
r
sm
oo
th
eni
n
g
an
d
h
y
d
r
o
ge
n
ge
ner
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
d
e
ta
ile
d
i
n
[
1
0
]
.
T
he
l
oa
d
leve
l
i
n
g
a
n
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
vo
l
t
age
w
i
t
h
B
ES
S
/
D
S
TA
TC
O
M
i
s
di
sc
usse
d
[
9
]
f
o
r
P
M
S
G
b
ase
d
g
e
n
e
r
at
or
d
r
i
ve
n
b
y
d
iese
l
en
g
i
ne
w
her
e
s
pee
d
of
r
ot
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
a
p
p
r
ox
i
m
a
t
e
l
y
c
ons
tan
t
un
l
i
ke
W
ES
w
hose
v
o
lta
ge
a
nd
f
r
e
q
u
enc
y
h
as
t
o
be
c
on
d
i
t
i
one
d.
T
he
out
p
u
t
o
f
w
i
nd
fa
r
m
i
s
co
ntr
o
l
l
ed
b
y
a
b
sor
b
in
g
or
p
r
o
vid
i
n
g
r
eal
pow
er
a
n
d
t
h
e
t
he
r
ea
c
t
i
v
e
pow
e
r
i
s
c
on
tro
lle
d
wi
t
h
D
S
T
ATCOM/B
E
SS
i
s
r
e
por
te
d
in
[
10
]
.
The
DS
T
A
T
CO
M w
i
t
h
B
E
S
S
is a
ca
p
ab
le
o
f pr
ov
id
i
n
g b
o
t
h
r
eac
t
i
ve
p
o
w
er
supp
or
t a
n
d a
l
s
o
sm
oo
t
h
p
ow
er
f
l
u
c
t
ua
t
i
o
n
s
b
y
in
ject
i
ng
ac
tiv
e
pow
er
u
si
ng
t
he
B
ES
S
[
1
1
,
12]
.
The
load
c
om
pe
nsa
t
i
on
an
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
o
f
v
ol
tage
o
f
P
M
S
G
b
ased
d
iese
l
ge
ne
r
a
t
o
r
set
for
stan
d
a
l
o
n
e
a
p
p
lica
tio
ns
w
it
h
impr
ove
d
fu
e
l
e
f
f
i
cie
n
c
y
u
s
i
n
g
B
ES
S
/
D
S
TATCO
M
i
s
de
sc
r
i
be
d
in
[
13]
.
In
t
hi
s
p
a
p
e
r,
i
nt
eg
r
a
ti
on
o
f
DSTATC
OM
w
i
t
h
a
B
E
S
S
i
s
c
o
nsid
e
r
e
d
fo
r
P
M
S
G
b
ased
g
r
i
d
tied
WE
C
S
a
n
d
i
ts
c
a
p
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
f
o
r
sm
oo
t
h
i
n
g
out
i
nte
r
m
i
t
t
e
n
t
pow
e
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
h
a
s
b
ee
n
e
v
al
u
a
ted.
T
he
f
uz
z
y
l
o
g
i
c
ba
se
d
M
P
PT
c
o
n
tro
l
ler
is
u
se
d
to
e
x
t
ra
ct
m
a
x
i
m
um
p
o
w
e
r
f
rom
PMS
G
ba
sed
WE
S
.
T
his
w
o
r
k
p
r
i
m
a
r
i
l
y
a
i
m
s
a
t
smoo
t
h
i
n
g
the
pow
er
i
n
j
ec
ted
t
o
t
he
u
ti
li
ty
g
r
i
d
u
s
i
ng
BES
S
b
ased
D
S
T
ATCOM
with
t
he
h
ar
monic
s
r
e
gu
late
d
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
he
s
tan
d
a
r
d
lim
its.
The
P
Q
c
on
t
r
o
l
s
t
r
ate
gy
i
s
use
d
t
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
the
thr
ee-
phase
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
for
m
a
na
gin
g
a
c
t
i
v
e
an
d
r
e
ac
t
i
v
e
pow
e
r
e
xc
ha
nge
w
it
h
t
h
e
ut
ili
t
y
g
r
id.
T
h
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
sc
he
m
e
i
mple
me
nte
d
f
or
D
S
TA
TCO
M
h
a
s
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
p
o
w
e
r
qua
l
i
t
y
e
nha
nc
em
en
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
b
u
t
i
t
al
s
o
h
a
s
t
h
e
cap
a
b
ili
t
y
t
o
supp
ly
r
eq
ui
red
a
m
oun
t
of
p
o
w
er
t
o
t
h
e
u
t
i
lit
y
w
i
t
h
h
e
l
p
of
b
a
t
t
e
r
i
es.
The
a
c
t
u
al
w
in
d
sp
eed
d
at
a
i
s
c
o
n
sid
e
red
f
o
r
t
h
e
sim
u
la
ti
on
s
tu
dy
o
f
the
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
The
DS
TATC
O
M
c
on
tro
l
s
che
m
e
for
t
h
e
g
rid
conn
ected
W
ECS
fo
r
p
o
w
er
qua
lit
y
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
nt
i
s
imple
m
e
n
t
e
d
an
d
si
m
u
late
d
us
in
g
MA
TLA
B
/
S
IM
ULI
NK
so
ftwar
e
.
Th
e
f
i
n
a
l
result
of
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
t
r
a
te
gy
im
ple
m
e
n
te
d
is
a
s
moot
h
and
c
o
n
t
r
o
lle
d
pow
e
r
ou
t
put
w
hic
h
c
an
b
e
i
n
jec
t
e
d
t
o
the
g
r
id.
2.
WIND
E
N
ERGY SYSTEM CO
N
FIGURATION
The
sc
h
e
m
a
ti
c
bloc
k
dia
g
r
a
m
of
t
he
20
k
W
,
41
5V
,
w
i
nd
p
o
w
e
r
gene
ra
t
i
on
s
y
s
t
e
m
co
nn
e
c
t
e
d
to
ut
i
l
i
t
y
g
r
i
d
is
s
how
n
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
1.
T
he
P
MS
G
ba
sed
gr
id
c
on
ne
c
t
e
d
WEC
S
c
on
si
st
s
o
f
u
n
c
on
t
r
ol
l
e
d
r
e
c
t
ifi
e
r
,
bo
os
t
c
o
nve
r
t
e
r
a
nd
t
hr
e
e
-
p
h
a
se
i
n
v
er
t
e
r
.
I
n
or
der
t
o
e
xtr
a
c
t
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
f
ro
m
WE
C
S
,
th
e
f
u
zzy
l
o
g
i
c
ba
se
d
MP
P
T
c
on
t
r
ol
ler
is
u
se
d.
T
he
P
Q
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
t
r
a
te
gy
i
s
use
d
t
o
c
on
tr
ol
t
he
g
r
i
d
sid
e
i
nver
t
er
.
The
w
i
n
d
ge
ner
a
t
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
s
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
t
o
t
he
u
til
it
y
gr
i
d
u
s
i
n
g
4
15V
/
3.
3kV
s
t
e
p
u
p
t
r
a
nsf
o
r
m
er
.
I
n
t
his
s
y
s
t
em
,
BESS
/DSTATCOM
is
u
se
d
t
o
m
it
iga
t
e
the
powe
r
f
luc
t
ua
tio
ns
g
e
n
e
r
a
te
d
fr
om
W
ES
.
The
B
E
S
S
i
s
us
ed
f
or
sup
p
l
yin
g
o
r
absor
b
i
n
g
ac
ti
v
e
pow
er
t
o
s
m
ooth
the
ou
tpu
t
p
ow
e
r
of
W
E
C
S
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
a
p
er
,
th
e
m
ode
l
o
f
D
S
TA
TCO
M
w
it
h
BES
S
is i
m
pl
e
m
e
n
ted
i
n
MA
TLA
B/S
i
m
u
l
i
n
k
p
l
a
t
f
or
m
t
o r
e
d
u
ce
t
h
e
p
ow
er
f
luc
t
u
a
ti
ons
o
f
gr
id
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
te
d
WE
CS.
F
i
gur
e
1.
S
c
hem
a
tic
d
i
a
gr
am
of
t
h
e
WES
w
ith
B
ES
S
base
d
DS
TA
TC
O
M
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Po
w
e
r
sm
oo
t
h
ing m
e
t
h
o
d
o
f
PM
SG
base
d
gr
id i
n
te
gr
ate
d
wi
nd
e
n
e
r
gy co
nv
e
r
si
on …
(
J
ay
a
l
ak
shm
i
N
.
S.
)
1
971
3.
M
O
DELI
N
G
AND
C
O
N
TR
OL OF WES
3.
1.
Mod
e
lin
g
of
W
ES
w
i
t
h
MPPT
c
on
t
r
oller
The
m
echa
n
ic
al
pow
er
a
va
ila
bl
e
f
r
o
m
a
w
i
n
d
t
ur
bi
ne
u
se
d
f
o
r
P
M
S
G
based
WES
is
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
te
d
b
y
(
1)
.
,
(1
)
whe
r
e
ρ
=
air
de
n
s
i
t
y
,
A
=
rot
o
r
swept
a
r
ea
,
V
w
=
w
in
d
sp
ee
d
in
m
/se
c
,
C
p
i
s
co
e
f
fi
ci
e
n
t
o
f
p
erfo
rman
c
e
.
T
he
ti
p
spee
d
r
a
tio
i
n
ter
m
s
of
r
ot
or
s
pe
ed
a
n
d
w
in
d
spe
e
d
o
f
t
h
e
g
ener
at
or is repre
s
en
ted b
y
(
2)
(
2
)
The
wind
t
u
rbi
n
e tor
que
o
n t
h
e
shaft
can
b
e
c
a
lcu
l
a
t
e
d
f
ro
m
the
pow
er
[
1,
2
]
,
(
3
)
The
MP
P
T
a
l
gor
it
hm
k
e
e
p
s
t
he
p
ow
er
c
oef
f
ici
e
nt
C
p
a
t
i
t
s
ma
xi
m
u
m,
C
p
=C
pma
x
,
co
rres
p
ond
s to
λ
op
t
[1
]
.
wh
ere
(
4
)
H
e
nc
e
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
mum
pow
er
c
or
r
e
spo
n
d
in
g
to
C
pm
a
x
i
s r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
te
d
b
y
0
.
5
(
5
)
The
r
e
fer
e
nce
spe
e
d
o
f
w
i
n
d
t
ur
bi
ne
ω
ref
i
s
gene
r
a
te
d
b
y
t
he
M
P
P
T
c
ode
u
s
i
ng
P
e
r
t
ur
b
and
O
b
ser
v
e
(
P
&O)
tec
hni
q
u
e.
A
f
uzz
y
l
o
g
ic
c
o
n
tro
ller
i
s
u
se
d
to
r
ota
t
e
t
h
e
r
o
t
or
o
f
P
M
S
G
w
it
h
t
h
e
spee
d
c
o
r
r
e
spo
ndi
n
g
to
m
axim
um
pow
er
p
o
i
n
t
.
The
sc
hem
a
t
i
c
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
of
f
uzz
y
l
o
g
i
c
b
a
se
d
MP
P
T
c
ontr
o
ller
used
f
o
r
w
ind
sys
t
em
i
s
show
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
2.
F
i
gur
e 2.
F
uzzy
b
ase
d
M
PPT con
tro
l
ler
for WE
CS
3.
2.
PQ Con
trol
S
ch
eme
f
o
r In
vert
er
Th
e
re
l
a
ti
on
s of
a
ct
iv
e
a
n
d
re
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
ers i
n
s
yn
ch
rono
us
ref
e
r
e
nce
fr
am
e are
re
prese
n
t
e
d u
s
i
n
g t
h
e
fo
llow
i
n
g
re
l
at
i
o
ns
a
s
P
gd
V
gq
(
6
)
Q
gq
- V
gd
(
7
)
The
a
c
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
rea
c
tive
p
o
we
r
con
t
rol
ca
n
b
e
r
ealise
d
by
c
o
n
t
r
o
lli
n
g
t
he
d
-
a
x
i
s
an
d
q-
a
x
is
c
ur
r
e
nts
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
w
i
t
h
P
I
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
u
n
i
t
y
p
o
w
e
r
fa
ct
or
i
s
ac
hi
ev
ed
r
e
g
ul
a
tin
g
t
h
e
q
-
ax
i
s
cu
rren
t
a
t
ze
ro
v
a
l
u
e
.
Th
e
ph
ase
l
o
ck
ed
l
oo
p
(PL
L
)
b
l
o
c
k
t
h
a
t
m
ea
sur
e
s
t
h
e
gr
id
v
o
lta
ge
phase
a
n
g
l
e
θ
g
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w El
ec &
D
ri S
y
s
t
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 4
,
D
e
c
2
0
19
:
1
969
–
1
976
1
972
w
h
ic
h
i
s
u
se
d
t
o
i
m
p
lem
e
n
t
P
ar
k
tr
a
n
s
f
or
ma
tio
n
an
d
t
o
s
y
n
c
hr
o
n
i
z
e
t
he
i
n
v
er
t
e
r
w
i
t
h
t
he
u
t
i
lit
y
gr
id.
A
low
e
r
bo
u
nd
o
n
t
h
e
d
c
bus
v
ol
ta
ge
c
a
n
b
e
deter
m
i
n
ed
f
r
o
m
the
fo
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
eq
uat
i
o
n
at
a
uni
t
y
p
o
w
e
r
f
actor
[
14,
15]
,
0
.
61
24
m
DC
3
(
8
)
wh
ere
I
AC
=m
aximum
p
ossib
l
e
RMS
val
u
e
o
f
t
he
A
C
lo
a
d
c
urre
nt,
V
L
=li
n
e-
l
i
ne
R
MS
v
o
l
t
a
ge
o
n
the
in
ve
r
t
er
si
de,
and
m
a
=
m
odu
la
ti
o
n
i
n
d
e
x
of
t
he
i
nve
r
t
er
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
get
si
n
u
so
i
d
a
l
o
u
t
p
u
t
ou
t
p
ut
f
or
t
he
i
nve
r
t
er
,
LC
L
filter
[
16
]
is
u
s
e
d
.
I
f
P
i
s
rat
e
d
po
wer,
f
i
s
lo
ad
f
re
qu
en
cy
,
f
s
i
s
in
ve
r
t
er
s
w
itc
hi
n
g
f
r
e
q
u
e
ncy,
f
r
i
s
resonance
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
the
n
t
he
f
il
ter
desi
g
n
e
qua
tio
ns
a
r
e
a
s
follow
s
[
1
7
,
18]
.
0
.
0
1
(
9
)
wh
er
e
L
1
a
nd
L
2
are
i
n
v
e
rt
er
s
i
d
e
an
d
loa
d
s
i
d
e
i
ndu
c
t
a
n
ce
s
re
sp
ec
ti
v
e
l
y
,
i
s
filte
r
c
a
pa
cit
a
nce
.
F
rom
equa
tio
n
(
11)
f
or
2
0K
W
o
f
pow
er
,
5
0
H
z
a
n
d
415V
l
i
n
e
vo
l
t
age,
t
h
e
r
e
s
ona
nc
e
f
r
e
que
nc
y
is
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
as
2
.
(
10)
Fo
r
mi
n
i
mi
z
i
ng
(
L
1
+
L
2
),
L
1
=
L
2
=
3
.
1
66
m
H
i
s
c
h
o
s
e
n
.
To
r
e
d
u
c
e
unn
e
c
e
s
sa
r
y
o
scil
l
a
ti
on
s
an
d
in
sta
b
ili
ty,
a
d
a
m
p
in
g
resis
t
or
‘
r’
s
ho
uld
be
a
dde
d
in
s
er
ies
w
ith
t
he
c
ap
ac
itor
an
d
i
s
e
xpr
e
s
se
d
as
(
11)
The
des
i
g
n
v
a
l
ue
s
a
r
e
L
1
=
3.
16
mH
,
L
2
=
3.
167
m
H
,
C
f
=
3
.
8
μ
F
and
the
da
mpi
n
g
r
e
sis
t
or
r
=6.
9
8
Ω.
The
co
ntr
o
l
str
u
c
t
ur
e
o
f
t
he
g
r
i
d
s
i
de
c
o
n
v
er
t
e
r
is
d
e
p
i
c
t
e
d
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
3
.
F
i
gur
e
3.
S
c
h
em
atic
d
iagr
am
of
P
Q
c
ontr
o
l
str
a
t
e
gy
f
o
r
in
v
e
r
t
er
4.
CONTROL
STRATE
G
Y OF
B
ESS
BAS
E
D
DSTATCO
M
The
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
P
M
S
G
b
a
s
ed
W
ECS
w
i
ll
b
e
h
i
ghl
y
i
n
ter
m
it
te
nt
i
n
na
t
u
r
e
due
t
o
t
h
e
va
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
ve
loc
i
ty of
w
i
nd.
The
DS
TATC
OM i
nc
or
p
o
r
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
BES
S
[
1
9]
i
s
u
sed
to
s
moot
h
th
e
p
o
w
e
r
p
rod
u
ced
f
r
o
m
win
d
g
e
n
er
at
o
r
.
The
VSC,
i
nterfac
i
ng
i
n
d
u
ct
ors
(
L
f
)
an
d
r
i
p
p
l
e
f
i
l
t
e
r
s
a
r
e
th
e
m
a
in
c
om
po
ne
nt
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
de
ve
l
opme
n
t
o
f
D
S
T
A
T
CO
M.
T
he
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
t
r
a
t
e
gy
i
mpl
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
f
or
B
ES
S
based
D
S
TA
TCO
M
i
n
or
de
r
t
o
m
i
t
i
ga
t
e
t
he
p
ow
er
f
l
u
c
t
ua
t
i
ons
o
f
gr
i
d
c
o
nne
c
t
e
d
W
E
C
S
.
T
he
pow
e
r
i
nj
ect
ed
t
o
t
h
e
ut
il
i
t
y
sy
st
e
m
m
a
y
b
e
c
o
n
s
ta
nt
o
r
va
r
i
a
b
le
d
epe
n
d
i
n
g
o
n
the
gr
id
p
ow
er
r
equir
e
me
nt
.
I
f
re
fer
n
ce
powe
r
i
s
less
tha
n
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
W
ES
,
the
n
i
t
w
i
l
l
b
e
abs
o
rbed
b
y
BE
SS/DS
TATCOM.
If
t
he
w
i
n
d
power
g
e
ner
a
t
e
d
i
s
l
ess
th
a
n
t
he
r
e
f
er
ence
v
a
l
ue
the
n
t
he
n
t
h
e
d
e
fi
c
it
p
o
we
r
is
s
up
p
lie
d
b
y
B
ES
S/DS
TATC
O
M
.
The
B
ES
S
e
i
t
h
e
r
a
bsor
bs
o
r
s
u
p
p
l
i
es
pow
e
r
de
pe
n
d
i
ng
o
n
t
he
p
ow
e
r
c
omm
a
n
d
s
i
g
nal
f
r
o
m
the
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
a
s
pe
r
(
12)
a
nd
(
1
3)
s
o
t
h
a
t
t
he
s
m
o
o
t
he
d
pow
e
r
is
i
nje
c
te
d
t
o
t
h
e
u
til
ity
g
r
i
d.
T
o
sup
p
l
y
a
s
m
oot
he
ned
po
w
e
r
t
o
the
ut
il
ity
g
r
i
d,
a
B
ES
S
ba
sed
D
S
TA
TCO
M
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
i
s
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
c
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
b
l
o
c
k
d
ia
gr
am
o
f
pow
e
r
s
moo
t
h
i
ng
c
o
n
t
r
o
lle
r
used
fo
r b
a
ttery
b
ased
DS
T
ATC
O
M
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Po
w
e
r
sm
oo
t
h
ing m
e
t
h
o
d
o
f
PM
SG
base
d
gr
id i
n
te
gr
ate
d
wi
nd
e
n
e
r
gy co
nv
e
r
si
on …
(
J
ay
a
l
ak
shm
i
N
.
S.
)
1
973
(
12)
(
13)
F
i
gur
e
4.
C
o
n
t
r
ol
s
t
r
ateg
y
o
f
B
ES
S
base
d
D
S
TA
TC
O
M
The
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
sc
hem
e
h
as
a
n
ou
ter
l
o
op
f
or
g
e
n
e
r
at
in
g
c
u
r
r
ent
r
e
f
e
r
enc
e
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
me
asured
p
o
w
er
a
va
il
ab
le
f
ro
m
t
h
e
wi
nd
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
n
d
po
wer
re
q
u
i
r
emen
t
of
t
he
u
t
i
lit
y gr
id.
T
h
e
i
n
n
e
r
lo
o
p
c
om
pr
ise
s
o
f
c
u
r
r
e
nt
r
e
g
ul
a
t
or
t
o
gen
e
r
a
te
t
he
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
si
gn
als
f
o
r
th
e
inve
r
ter
depe
nd
ing
on
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
or
c
ur
r
e
nt
c
omm
a
n
d
f
r
o
m
the
o
u
t
e
r
l
o
op
o
f
t
he
c
on
tr
o
l
l
e
r
.
T
he
p
ow
er
r
e
f
er
e
n
ce
f
or
B
E
S
S
i
s
gene
r
a
ted
b
y
s
ub
tr
a
c
tin
g
in
sta
n
tane
o
u
s
pow
e
r
w
i
t
h
a
v
er
a
g
e
p
o
w
e
r
com
pute
d
.
Thi
s
h
e
l
ps
i
n
mi
ni
miz
i
n
g
t
he
f
l
u
ctua
t
i
o
n
s
of
p
ow
er
ge
nera
t
e
d
from
WE
C
S
.
The
a
c
ti
ve
power
r
e
f
er
ence
i
s
ass
u
m
e
d
con
s
ta
n
t
o
r
va
r
i
ed
i
n
s
t
e
p
s
depe
nd
in
g
o
n
gr
i
d
pow
e
r
r
equ
i
r
e
me
nt
s.
T
he
B
ES
S
a
b
sor
b
s
or
s
up
plie
s
th
e
pow
e
r
b
ase
d
o
n
t
he
p
ow
er
c
om
m
a
nd
f
r
o
m
the
c
o
n
t
r
o
ller
a
nd
he
lps
in
s
up
p
l
y
i
n
g
s
mo
ot
he
ne
d
p
o
w
e
r
t
o
t
he
u
ti
li
ty
g
r
i
d.
T
h
e
r
e
active
pow
er
r
e
f
e
r
enc
e
i
s
take
n
a
s
z
er
o
t
o
m
ai
nta
i
n
the
un
i
t
y
p
o
w
e
r
fac
t
or
.
The
va
l
u
e
of
I
dr
e
f
i
s
com
p
ut
e
d
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
err
o
r
betwee
n
the
m
e
a
s
ured
a
n
d
r
equ
i
re
d
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
wer
to
b
e
in
jec
t
e
d
t
o
the
u
til
it
y
g
r
i
d
(
P
me
s
-P
req
).
S
i
m
ilarly,
t
h
e
r
eactiv
e
po
wer
erro
r (Q
mes
-Q
re
q
)
is
u
sed
t
o
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
the
r
e
q
u
ir
e
d
r
ea
cti
v
e
pow
e
r
e
xcha
ng
e
in
t
he
s
yst
e
m
.
5.
RESU
L
T
S
A
ND DIS
C
U
S
S
I
ON
The
m
a
in
o
b
j
e
c
ti
ve
o
f
t
h
is
s
e
c
ti
o
n
i
s
to
a
sse
ss
t
he
p
erform
ance
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
W
E
C
S
a
n
d
t
o
de
mon
s
tr
ate
p
o
w
e
r
smoot
h
i
ng
w
i
t
h
a
nd
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
co
ns
i
d
e
r
i
ng
B
E
S
S
/D
S
T
A
C
O
M
.
To
t
e
s
t
t
h
e
per
f
or
ma
nce
o
f
the
sy
st
e
m
w
i
t
h
B
ES
S/DSTATC
OM,
two
d
i
ffer
en
t
case
s
a
r
e
c
o
n
s
i
der
ed
.
Th
e
W
E
S
i
s
c
on
n
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
th
e
u
t
ili
ty
gr
id
t
hr
o
u
g
h
a
0
.
4
1
5
/
3.
3
k
V
step-
up
tr
a
n
sf
or
m
e
r
.
T
he
r
eal
t
ime
w
in
d
spe
e
d
da
t
a
i
s
c
ons
ide
r
ed
f
or
t
he
sim
u
la
ti
on
s
t
u
dy
of
t
he
w
i
n
d
e
n
er
gy
c
o
n
v
e
r
si
on
s
yst
e
m
.
T
he
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
o
f
DS
TATCOM
a
n
d
b
a
tte
ry
s
t
o
ra
g
e
a
r
e
r
e
por
ted
i
n
T
able
1
.
The
pow
e
r
r
a
ting
o
f
W
ES
i
s
2
0
k
W,
415V
.
A
BESS
with
D
STATCOM
o
f
c
apac
it
y
15
k
W
i
s
use
d
i
n
t
h
is
w
or
k.
T
he
v
o
lta
ge
a
t
th
e
poi
n
t
o
f
com
m
on
cou
p
l
i
n
g
i
s
415V
.
The
pat
t
er
n
of
w
in
d
spe
e
d
i
n
p
u
t
t
o
t
he
W
ES
is s
how
n
in
F
i
gur
e
5
(a). Th
e
p
o
w
er g
en
erated
by
P
M
SG
ba
se
d
WES
w
itho
u
t
c
o
n
s
i
d
er
ing
BES
S
/D
S
T
A
C
O
M
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
i
gur
e
5
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
W
E
C
S
i
s
c
o
n
t
r
o
lled
b
y
M
P
P
T
c
ont
r
o
ll
er
.
Ta
b
l
e 1.
DS
T
ATCOM P
a
ra
met
e
rs
P
a
ra
m
e
te
rs
V
a
l
u
e
s
Inve
rte
r
3
A
rm
I
GB
T
Inve
r
t
e
r
Sw
itc
hing
Fre
que
n
c
y
10
kH
z
DC
link
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
800V
D
C
link
Ca
p
a
c
i
tor
2µF
Ba
tt
e
r
y
800V
,
4
.
2
Ah
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w El
ec &
D
ri S
y
s
t
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 4
,
D
e
c
2
0
19
:
1
969
–
1
976
1
974
Th
e
c
u
rr
e
n
t
corres
p
o
ndi
ng
t
o
t
h
e
o
u
tpu
t
o
f
WES
wi
t
h
out
B
ES
S/
DST
A
T
C
O
M
i
s
s
how
n
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
6(
a)
a
nd
it
is
o
bse
r
ve
d
tha
t
t
h
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
i
s h
i
g
h
ly
f
l
u
c
t
ua
t
i
ng
in
n
a
t
ur
e
.
T
he
h
ar
m
o
n
i
c
spe
c
t
r
u
m
of
t
he
c
ur
r
e
n
t
i
s
de
p
i
c
t
e
d
i
n
F
i
gur
e
6(
b)
.
The
t
o
ta
l
har
m
on
ic
d
i
s
t
o
r
t
io
n
(
T
H
D
)
o
f
c
ur
r
e
nt
b
efor
e
P
C
C
is
1
0.
68
%
a
n
d
w
h
ic
h
is
m
o
re
than
IEEE standa
rds [20]
.
F
i
gur
e
5(
a
)
.
W
i
n
d
v
e
l
oc
it
y
da
ta
F
igur
e
5(
b)
.
P
o
w
e
r
outp
u
t
o
f
WE
CS
F
i
gur
e
6(
a
)
.
O
ut
p
u
t
cur
r
en
t
o
f
i
n
v
er
te
r
F
i
gur
e
6(
b)
.
H
a
r
m
oni
c
spec
tr
um
o
f
t
h
e
l
i
n
e
c
u
r
r
e
nt
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
ass
e
ss
the
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
ene
s
s
o
f
t
he
c
on
tr
o
l
s
tr
a
t
e
gy
w
i
th
B
ES
S/DS
TATC
O
M
,
two
differe
n
t
c
a
se
s
tu
d
i
e
s
a
r
e
c
ons
ide
r
ed
d
e
p
en
d
i
ng
on
th
e
nat
u
r
e
o
f
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
p
o
w
er.
T
h
e
re
fe
ren
c
e
p
o
w
er
w
h
i
ch
i
s
t
o
b
e
in
jec
t
e
d
t
o
the
u
t
i
lit
y
gr
id
c
a
n
b
e
e
i
the
r
f
ix
ed
o
r
va
ria
b
le
a
c
cor
d
in
g
t
o
g
r
i
d
de
ma
n
d
.
A
t
a
ny
i
n
s
t
a
n
t
,
i
f
t
h
e
r
e
f
e
ren
c
e
po
wer i
s
less th
an
o
u
t
pu
t of
W
ES
, th
e
n
it
w
i
ll b
e
ab
s
or
be
d
b
y
S
TA
TCO
M
as
p
e
r
equa
ti
o
n
s (
1
2)
an
d
(
1
3
)
.
If
t
h
e
r
e
fere
n
c
e
po
we
r
i
s
m
o
r
e
th
an
w
in
d
po
we
r
outpu
t
,
e
x
tra
p
o
we
r
wi
ll
be
s
up
p
lie
d
to
t
he
l
i
n
e
s
o
t
ha
t
ne
t
p
o
w
e
r
bec
o
me
s
equa
l
t
o
t
h
e
r
efe
r
enc
e
pow
er
.
C
a
se 1:
G
e
n
e
rat
i
o
n
of
f
i
xe
d r
e
f
e
ren
ce po
w
e
r ou
t
p
u
t
f
r
om W
E
C
S
I
n
t
h
i
s
c
a
se,
th
e
pow
er
s
up
pli
e
d
b
y
t
he
W
E
C
S
to
t
he
u
t
ili
ty
g
r
i
d
i
s
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
an
d
l
e
t
t
h
is
r
efere
n
ce
pow
e
r
P
ref
i
s c
hos
en as
1
0
k
W.
T
he
va
r
ia
tion
i
n
t
he
pow
e
r
ou
t
pu
t o
f
W
E
S
,
ref
e
ren
c
e
p
o
w
e
r
an
d
th
e
n
e
t
po
wer
in
jec
t
e
d
t
o
the
uti
l
i
t
y
gr
i
d
a
r
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
7
(
a
)
.
T
he
a
cti
ve
a
nd
r
e
a
c
t
i
ve
p
ow
er
s
u
p
pl
ie
d
or
a
bs
or
b
e
d
by
BES
S
/D
S
T
A
T
CO
M
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gur
e
7(
b)
.
The
BES
S
a
bs
or
bs
o
r
pr
o
v
i
d
es
p
ow
e
r
b
ase
d
on
t
h
e
r
e
f
e
r
e
nce
pow
e
r
c
h
o
o
s
e
n
a
n
d
s
m
o
oth
e
ns
t
he
w
i
n
d
pow
er
o
ut
p
u
t
a
s
per
t
h
e
co
n
t
ro
l
sc
he
me
i
m
p
lem
e
n
t
e
d
.
The
w
a
vef
o
r
m
s
of
t
he
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
u
p
p
lie
d
t
o
t
he
i
s
show
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
8(
a
)
a
nd
it
i
s
s
e
e
n
t
h
a
t
t
he
c
ur
r
e
nt
i
s
sin
u
s
o
i
da
l.
The
TH
D
o
f
t
he
c
ur
r
e
n
t
i
s
de
pic
t
e
d
i
n
F
i
gur
e
8(
b)
a
n
d
i
s
obser
v
e
d
t
h
a
t
the
THD
is
w
ithi
n
5
p
er
cent
as
de
sc
ribed
by IEEE
st
a
n
dards.
F
i
gur
e
7(
a
)
.
W
i
n
d
p
ow
e
r
,
r
e
fer
e
nce
pow
e
r
a
nd
net
pow
er
F
i
gur
e
7(
b)
.
Ac
t
i
ve
a
n
d
r
ea
cti
v
e
pow
e
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Po
w
e
r
sm
oo
t
h
ing m
e
t
h
o
d
o
f
PM
SG
base
d
gr
id i
n
te
gr
ate
d
wi
nd
e
n
e
r
gy co
nv
e
r
si
on …
(
J
ay
a
l
ak
shm
i
N
.
S.
)
1
975
F
i
g
u
r
e
8
(
a
)
.
T
h
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
i
n
j
ec
t
e
d
to
t
he
g
r
i
d
F
igur
e
8(
b)
.
Ha
r
m
oni
c
spec
t
r
um
o
f the
cur
r
ent
Ca
se 2
:
Gener
a
tio
n
o
f
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
ut o
f
WECS
in accord
a
n
c
e
w
ith the gri
d
re
quiremen
t
In
t
h
i
s
c
a
s
e
,
th
e
W
E
S
i
s
s
uppl
yi
n
g
po
we
r
t
o
t
h
e
u
til
i
t
y
g
r
i
d
i
n
acc
or
da
nc
e
w
i
t
h
t
he
g
r
i
d
r
e
qu
i
r
em
ent.
F
i
g
u
r
e
9
(
a
)
sh
ow
s
r
e
spo
n
ses
of
r
e
f
er
e
n
ce
p
ow
e
r
,
pow
e
r
out
p
u
t
of
W
ES
a
nd
ne
t
p
o
w
e
r
sup
p
l
i
ed
t
o
the
uti
l
i
t
y
g
r
id
.
It
i
s
ob
ser
v
ed
fro
m
Figu
re
9
(a)
th
at
t
h
e
f
lu
ct
u
a
ti
on
s
in
the
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
WES
ar
e
m
i
nim
i
ze
d
a
n
d
s
m
ooth
pow
e
r
i
s
su
pp
lie
d
t
o
t
he
g
r
i
d
acc
or
di
n
g
t
o
the
var
i
a
b
le
g
r
i
d
r
e
qu
irem
ent
s
.
The
re
al
a
nd
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
wer
sup
p
l
i
e
d
or
a
bsor
be
d
by
BES
S
/D
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
is
s
how
n
i
n
F
i
gur
e
9(
b)
.
I
t
c
an
b
e
see
n
t
h
a
t
the
i
n
term
i
tte
ncy
in
w
i
n
d
p
ow
er
o
utp
u
t
has
be
en
s
ucce
sf
u
lly
c
ompe
n
s
a
t
e
d
b
y
i
n
c
o
r
por
a
t
i
ng
B
ESS
based
DS
TATCOM
i
n
the
sys
t
em
.
The
sinus
o
i
dal
wave
f
o
rm
o
f
t
h
e
cur
r
ent
injec
t
e
d
t
o
the
gr
i
d
o
n
3.
3
kV
s
i
d
e
o
f
t
r
a
nsf
o
r
m
e
r
i
s
de
pic
t
e
d
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
0
(
a
)
.
T
h
e
T
H
D
o
f
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
u
p
p
l
i
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
u
t
i
l
i
t
y
s
ys
tem
is
r
e
por
te
d
i
n
F
i
gur
e
10(
b)
a
n
d
i
t
is
fo
und
t
h
a
t
THD
is
4
.81%
w
hich m
ee
ts t
he I
EEE stan
da
rds.
F
i
gur
e
9(
a)
.
Wi
n
d
p
ow
er
oup
ut,
r
efe
r
enc
e
p
ow
er
a
nd
ne
t
p
o
w
e
r
ou
pt
ut
w
i
t
h
B
E
S
S
b
ase
d
D
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
F
i
g
u
r
e
9
(b).
A
cti
v
e
an
d r
eac
tive
powe
r
sup
p
l
i
e
d b
y
B
E
SS
b
a
s
e
d
D
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
F
i
gur
e
1
0
(
a
)
.
T
he
c
ur
r
e
nt
i
n
j
e
c
t
ed
t
o
the
gr
i
d
F
i
gur
e
1
0
(
b
)
.
H
ar
m
onic
spe
c
t
r
u
m
of
t
he
c
ur
r
e
nt
I
t
i
s
evi
d
e
n
t
fr
om
t
he
s
im
u
l
a
t
ed
r
esul
ts
o
b
t
ai
ned
f
o
r
bo
t
h
case
s
cons
i
d
er
ed
t
ha
t
t
h
e
p
o
wer
in
jec
t
e
d
t
o
the
u
t
i
l
i
t
y
g
r
i
d
is
a
lm
ost
sm
o
o
the
d
t
o
a
f
i
xe
d
va
lue
.
T
he
o
utp
u
t
po
we
r
v
a
ri
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
wind
e
n
e
r
g
y
co
nve
r
s
ion
sys
t
em
c
an
b
e
sign
ifica
n
tl
y
mit
i
g
at
ed
by
inc
o
r
p
o
r
ati
n
g
t
h
e
bat
t
er
y
base
d
D
S
TA
TCO
M
s
ys
tem
.
Th
i
s
c
o
n
firms
the
e
f
fec
tive
n
e
s
s
of
t
he
c
on
t
r
o
l
s
t
r
ateg
y
i
m
p
l
em
en
te
d
to
s
up
p
o
r
t
pow
er
-
s
moot
hi
n
g
c
o
n
tr
o
l
u
si
n
g
BES
S
/D
S
T
A
T
CO
M
a
n
d
is
p
o
ssible
t
o
p
e
n
e
t
r
a
te
h
ig
he
r
w
i
n
d
pow
er
t
o
th
e
u
tility
s
y
s
t
em.
6.
CONCLUSION
The
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
c
hem
e
o
f
D
S
TA
TCO
M
w
it
h
a
B
E
S
S
f
or
pow
er
qua
li
t
y
i
m
p
r
ov
e
m
e
n
t
of
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
in
te
gr
a
t
e
d
W
E
S
i
s
pr
esente
d.
T
he
d
yna
m
i
c
m
odel
of
W
ES
w
i
t
h
fuz
z
y
lo
gic
base
d
M
P
P
T
c
on
t
r
o
lle
r
co
up
l
e
d
wit
h
B
ESS
/
DSTATCOM
i
s
r
e
a
l
iz
e
d
i
n
M
A
T
L
AB/Sim
ul
in
k
e
n
v
i
r
o
nme
n
t.
The
de
ve
lo
pe
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
er
h
e
l
ps
i
n
sta
b
i
l
i
z
i
ng
t
h
e
pow
e
r
r
e
duc
i
ng
the
low
e
r
f
r
eque
nc
y
c
o
mpo
n
e
n
t
o
f
h
ar
m
oni
c
spec
tr
u
m
t
hu
s
sm
oo
thi
n
g
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 :
1
9
6
9
– 1
976
1
976
p
o
w
e
r
i
nj
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
u
t
i
l
it
y
gri
d
.
Th
e
re
gul
at
i
o
n
of
D
C
bu
s
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
is
m
ai
nt
a
i
ne
d
us
ing
P
Q
c
ontro
l
s
t
rateg
y
use
d
f
or
t
hree
-phase
i
n
v
ert
e
r
.
T
he
s
imul
ate
d
r
es
u
lts
w
ith
p
r
o
p
o
sed
scheme
i
mplem
e
n
t
ed
f
or
B
ES
S
i
n
co
rpo
r
at
e
d
D
STATC
O
M
h
a
s
n
o
t
on
ly
power
q
u
a
l
i
ty
e
nh
an
c
e
m
e
n
t
ab
ili
t
y
b
ut
it
a
l
so
h
a
s
t
h
e
c
a
p
ab
il
ity
t
o
sup
p
l
y
r
equ
i
re
d
am
ou
nt
o
f
pow
er
t
o
the
ut
i
lit
y
w
i
t
h
h
e
l
p
o
f
b
a
t
tery
b
an
k.
H
ence
,
l
a
rger
i
n
t
e
g
rat
i
on
a
n
d
pene
tr
at
ion
o
f
i
nterm
i
tt
e
n
t
ene
r
gy re
source
s
t
o
t
he u
t
i
l
i
t
y
gr
i
d
is
p
ossib
l
e.
REFE
RENCES
[1]
Jayal
a
ks
hm
i
N
.
S
.
a
n
d
D
.
N
.
Ga
o
n
k
a
r,
"
M
a
xi
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
int
Track
ing
f
o
r
Grid
I
nt
egrated
Variable
S
peed
W
ind
based
Di
st
ribute
d
G
en
era
t
io
n
S
y
stem
w
it
h
D
ynam
i
c
Lo
ad,
"
In
te
rna
t
io
na
l J
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urn
a
l of
Re
n
e
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e
r
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a
ks
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n
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"A
N
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C
on
tro
l
M
e
t
ho
d
to
M
i
tiga
t
e
Pow
e
r
Fl
uct
u
ations
f
or
G
rid
Integrat
ed
PV/W
ind
Hybrid
P
ow
er
S
ystem
Us
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Ult
r
ac
apa
c
it
ors,"
Int
e
rna
t
ion
a
l
Jou
r
n
a
l
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g
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Moti
n
Howlader,
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a
omi
t
su
U
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A
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sus
h
i
Yona,
Tomon
o
bu
Se
njy
u
a
nd
A
hme
d
Y
o
u
su
f
Sa
be
r,
"
A
re
view
o
f
o
utpu
t
p
o
w
e
r
s
mo
oth
i
ng
m
e
t
ho
ds
f
or
w
ind
e
n
e
r
gy
c
on
ve
rsion
sy
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ems,"
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ne
wa
ble
a
n
d
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in
ab
le
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e
r
g
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V
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S
TA
TCO
M
-Co
n
trol
S
chem
e
f
o
r
G
rid
Co
nn
ected
W
ind
En
ergy
S
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for
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e
r Qua
lit
y Im
provem
en
t
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"
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E
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ur
nal
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k,
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Teo
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r
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M
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d
P
.
R
od
rigu
e
z
,
"Ov
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ew
o
f
F
A
CTS
Dev
i
ces
f
or
W
in
d
P
o
w
e
r
P
l
ants
D
i
r
ectly
C
o
n
n
ected
t
o
the
Trans
m
is
s
i
on
Net
w
ork
,
"
2
0
1
0
IEEE
,
Interna
t
i
onal Sym
posiu
m on
In
dus
tria
l
Elect
ro
n
i
cs
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I
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,
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3
7
4
2-37
48
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010
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[6]
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"
G
r
id
I
nt
e
g
rati
on
o
f
Win
d
E
nerg
y
Co
nv
ersio
n
S
y
s
t
e
m,
"
Chi
ce
s
t
er,
UK
,
Joh
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W
i
l
ey
&
So
ns
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8
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B.
S
i
ngh
,
Ram
Ni
was,
a
n
d
S
.
K
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Du
be,
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L
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Leveli
ng
a
n
d
V
oltag
e
Co
ntro
l
o
f
P
erman
e
nt
M
ag
n
e
t
S
y
n
c
hron
ou
s
Generat
o
r-Based
D
G
Set
f
o
r
Stand
a
l
o
n
e
S
up
ply
S
y
s
t
em,"
IEEE Trans
a
c
t
ions on i
n
dustri
a
l
informati
cs
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
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o
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03
4-
2
0
4
3
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01
4.
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Yin
g
ZHA
O
,
Bo
-
w
e
n
S
U
N,
"
Research
o
n
S
T
A
T
CO
M P
r
inc
i
pl
e
an
d
Co
ntr
ol
T
e
c
h
no
lo
gy
,"
In
ternat
io
nal Co
nfer
en
c
e
on
Cons
um
er Elect
ro
nics
, Co
mmu
n
i
c
ation
s
and Netwo
r
ks
(
C
ECNet)
,
IEEE,
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.
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9
3
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6,
2
0
1
1.
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Bhim
S
i
n
g
h
,
Ram
Ni
was,
a
nd
S
unil
K
u
m
a
r
Du
be,
"Lo
a
d
L
e
veli
ng
a
nd
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
o
f
P
e
r
m
a
n
e
n
t
M
a
g
n
e
t
S
ynch
r
on
ous
G
enerato
r-Based
DG
Se
t
f
o
r
Stan
dalo
ne
S
u
pply
S
y
s
t
e
m
,"
IEE
E
T
r
ansa
c
tio
n
s
on
Ind
u
strial
Informa
tics
,
v
o
l
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0, n
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3
4
-
20
43
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S
.
M
.
M
u
y
e
e
n
,
R
.
T
a
k
a
h
a
s
h
i
,
T
.
M
u
r
a
t
a
,
J
.
T
a
m
u
r
a
a
n
d
M
.
H
.
A
l
i
,
"
Application
of
S
TATCOM
/
B
ES
S
for
wi
nd
pow
er
s
m
o
o
t
hening
a
nd
h
y
d
ro
ge
n
gen
e
ratio
n,
"
Elect
ric Po
wer
System
s
R
e
sea
r
ch
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v
o
l
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B
ano
s
,
M
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A
t
e
n,
P
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Cartw
r
ight
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T.
C.
G
reen
,
"Ben
ef
it
s
an
d
co
n
t
r
ol
o
f
S
T
ATCOM
with
e
nerg
y
s
t
o
r
age
i
n
w
in
d
pow
er gen
erati
on,
"
IEE
E
In
te
rna
t
io
na
l Co
nfe
r
e
n
c
e
on
AC
a
n
d
DC
Powe
r
Tra
n
sm
ission
, pp
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2
30
–
2
35
,
2
0
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[12]
G.
E
scobar,
A.M.
S
tankovic,
P
.
Mattavelli,
"
Reacti
v
e
power,
i
m
b
alan
ce
and
harm
on
ics
c
o
m
p
en
sation
usin
g
DST
A
TC
OM
w
ith
a
d
i
s
sipati
v
i
t
y
-based
c
ontrol
l
e
r,"
IE
EE Con
f
er
ence on D
e
ci
si
on
a
n
d
Co
ntr
o
l
,
pp.
3
0
5
1
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305
5,
20
0
0
.
[13]
Bhim
S
in
gh
,
Ra
m
Niwas,
a
nd
S
.
K
.
Du
be,
"Lo
a
d
Level
i
n
g
a
nd
V
ol
tag
e
Co
ntrol
of
P
erm
a
nen
t
M
a
g
n
e
t
S
y
n
c
hron
ou
s
Generat
o
r-Based
DG
S
e
t
f
o
r
Stan
dalo
ne
S
up
ply
S
y
stem,
"
IEEE T
r
an
sa
c
tio
ns
on
in
dus
t
r
i
a
l
i
n
formatics
,
vol
1
0
,
n
o
.
4
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03
4-
2
0
4
3
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01
4.
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N.
M
o
h
an,
"
T
.M
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Un
del
a
nd
an
d
W
.
P.
R
ob
bins
,
P
o
w
e
r
Electron
i
cs-Co
nverters,
"
A
pplica
t
i
o
n
s
a
nd D
e
si
gn
.
J
o
h
n
Wil
ey an
d S
ons
,
Th
ird
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on,
201
0.
[15]
Dani
el W
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a
rt, "P
o
w
er El
ectro
n
i
cs
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Ta
t
a
M
c
gra
w
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ducat
i
o
n
l
t
d
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pp.
3
61
– 3
6
6
,
2
011
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S
oumi
k
S
en,
K
a
ly
an
Y
end
u
ri
a
n
d
P
arth
asarath
i
S
e
n
sarm
a,
"
S
t
ep
-b
y
-st
e
p
D
e
si
gn
and
Co
ntrol
o
f
L
CL
f
i
l
t
e
r
bas
e
d
Three
P
h
ase
Grid-con
nect
ed
I
n
v
e
rter,
"
2014 IEEE
Inter
national
Conf
erence on Indus
tria
l Technology
(
I
CIT)
,
I
E
E
E
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3
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L
awan,
Ha
i
d
er
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b
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as,
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G
Kho
r
S
en
ior
M
.
,
and
A
.
A
b
d
u
l
K
ari
m,
"
Dynam
i
c
Perf
o
r
m
a
n
ce
Im
p
r
ov
e
m
en
t
of
M
M
C
Inverter
w
ith
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
C
apab
ility
i
nterf
acing
P
MSG
Wi
nd
T
urb
ines
w
i
t
h
Grid,"
IE
EE
Co
n
f
erence
o
n
Ener
gy Co
nver
sio
n
(
C
E
N
CON)
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IE
EE
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.
4
9
2
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01
5.
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Lim
S
,
C
h
o
i
J
.,
"LCL
f
i
l
t
e
r
desi
gn
f
o
r
g
ri
d
co
n
n
ect
ed
N
P
C
t
ype
three-level
i
n
verter,
"
In
te
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urn
a
l
of
Renewa
bl
e En
er
gy
Resea
r
ch
(
I
JRER)
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vo
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Bhim
S
i
n
g
h
,
Am
brish
Ch
and
r
a
and
Kam
a
l
Al-H
addad
,
"
P
o
w
e
r
Qual
it
y
:
Prob
l
e
ms
a
nd
M
itigat
ion
Techniques,"
A.
John
Wi
ley a
n
d
am
p; S
o
n
s
ltd
.
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201
5.
[20]
IS
C
Committ
ee,
"
I
E
EE
s
tandard
f
o
r
interconnect
ing
di
s
t
r
i
buted
r
e
s
ou
rces
w
i
t
h
electri
c
pow
er
s
y
s
tem
s
,"
New York,
NY
:
Instit
u
t
e
o
f
El
ectrica
l
a
n
d
El
ectro
n
i
cs E
n
g
i
neers
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20
03
.
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