I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
P
o
w
er
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Driv
e
Sy
s
t
e
m
(
I
J
P
E
DS
)
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
8
,
p
p
.
1
7
2
5
~
1
7
3
2
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
p
ed
s
.
v
9
.
i
4
.
pp
1
7
2
5
-
1
7
3
2
1725
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e.
co
m/jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
I
JP
E
DS
G
reen
Energ
y
Ba
sed Co
upled
Indu
ctor Inte
rlea
v
ed
Co
nv
erte
r
w
ith
M
PP
T
Te
ch
ni
que
f
o
r
BLDC
A
pplica
tion
V.
Senthil Na
y
a
g
a
m
1
,
L.
P
re
m
a
la
t
ha
2
1
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
S
a
th
y
a
b
a
m
a
In
stit
u
te
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
In
d
ia
2
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
,
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
V
e
ll
o
re
In
stit
u
te o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(V
IT
),
Ch
e
n
n
a
i
,
I
n
d
ia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Ma
y
1
1
,
2
0
1
8
R
ev
i
s
ed
J
u
l
31
,
2
0
1
8
A
cc
ep
ted
Sep
10
,
2
0
1
8
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
re
se
n
ts
a
h
ig
h
ste
p
-
u
p
c
o
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
c
o
m
b
in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
b
a
tt
e
ry
a
n
d
so
lar
e
n
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
g
re
e
n
e
n
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
b
o
o
ste
d
b
y
u
sin
g
c
o
u
p
led
in
d
u
c
t
o
r
in
terle
a
v
e
d
c
o
n
v
e
rter.
T
h
e
c
o
u
p
led
in
d
u
c
to
r
a
n
d
v
o
lt
a
g
e
d
o
u
b
le
c
ircu
it
c
a
n
re
a
c
h
t
h
e
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
g
a
in
w
it
h
o
u
t
m
o
re
stre
ss
o
n
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
rter
c
ircu
it
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
m
u
c
h
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
in
d
u
ty
c
y
c
le.
T
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
s
y
ste
m
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
o
u
tp
u
t
is
1
2
v
o
lt
s
it
c
a
n
b
e
v
a
ried
b
y
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
o
f
irrad
iatio
n
lev
e
l
.
T
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
lt
a
g
e
is
trac
k
in
g
b
y
u
si
n
g
M
P
P
T
a
n
d
su
p
p
li
e
s
to
th
e
c
o
u
p
led
in
d
u
c
to
r
in
terle
a
v
e
d
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
rter.
Th
e
M
P
P
T
w
o
rk
in
g
b
a
se
d
o
n
th
e
P
&
O
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
lev
e
l
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
is
h
ig
h
th
e
n
th
e
b
a
tt
e
ry
is
c
h
a
r
g
in
g
a
s
we
ll
a
s
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
a
lso
b
e
in
g
d
riv
e
n
e
ff
ici
e
n
tl
y
.
W
h
e
n
e
v
e
r
th
e
irrad
iatio
n
lev
e
l
w
il
l
b
e
lo
w
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
is
les
s
th
a
n
th
e
b
a
tt
e
r
y
w
il
l
b
e
c
h
a
rg
in
g
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
th
e
m
o
to
r
w
il
l
ru
n
n
in
g
b
y
b
a
tt
e
ry
p
o
w
e
r
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
MP
PT
B
L
DC
Hig
h
v
o
lta
g
e
g
ai
n
I
n
ter
leav
ed
c
o
u
p
led
i
n
d
u
c
to
r
DC
-
DC
c
o
n
v
er
ter
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
201
8
In
s
t
it
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
V.
Sen
t
h
il Na
y
ag
a
m
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ics E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
Sath
y
ab
a
m
a
I
n
s
tit
u
te
o
f
Scie
n
ce
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
Dee
m
ed
to
b
e
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
)
,
C
h
e
n
n
ai
-
6
0
0
1
1
9
,
T
am
il Na
d
u
,
I
n
d
ia.
E
m
ail:
s
e
n
s
r
ib
ala@
g
m
a
il.c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
m
a
in
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
t
h
i
s
r
es
ea
r
ch
w
o
r
k
is
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
el
f
o
r
th
e
en
er
g
y
g
e
n
er
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
s
o
ciet
y
.
T
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
el
asp
ec
t
s
b
ec
o
m
es
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
h
ar
m
f
u
l
ef
f
ec
ts
f
o
r
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
.
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic
ce
ll
is
o
b
s
er
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
u
n
w
h
ic
h
w
i
ll
b
e
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
u
n
is
co
n
v
er
ter
d
in
to
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
b
y
PV
ce
ll
d
eliv
er
in
g
f
l
u
ct
u
ati
n
g
en
er
g
y
w
h
ich
i
s
n
o
t
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
u
tili
za
t
io
n
f
o
r
th
e
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
.
T
o
av
o
id
th
e
f
l
u
ctu
a
tin
g
en
er
g
y
s
u
p
p
lied
to
th
e
lo
ad
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
h
ig
h
g
ain
D
C
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
[
2
]
.
I
n
f
u
tu
r
e
m
o
s
t
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
r
eq
u
ir
es
r
e
n
e
w
ab
l
e
en
er
g
y
b
ased
D
C
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
.
E
n
er
g
y
r
eser
v
e
s
ar
e
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
o
u
t,
b
u
t
a
ls
o
,
th
eir
e
x
p
lo
itatio
n
lead
s
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
cli
m
a
tic
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
,
w
h
ich
ca
u
s
e
s
s
tr
i
k
i
n
g
ev
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
y
ar
e
m
an
y
i
n
cid
e
n
ts
h
av
e
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
r
ec
en
tl
y
,
w
e
w
i
ll
q
u
o
te,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
t
h
e
g
r
e
en
h
o
u
s
e
e
f
f
ec
t,
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
ea
lev
el.
T
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ce
lls
co
n
v
er
ti
n
g
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
to
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
w
i
th
t
h
e
h
e
lp
o
f
s
o
lar
ce
lls
.
2.
CO
NVEN
T
I
O
NA
L
M
E
T
H
O
D
B
L
O
CK
DIAG
RAM
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
co
m
p
lete
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
s
tead
o
f
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
th
e
C
o
u
p
led
in
d
u
cto
r
in
ter
lea
v
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
[
3
]
tr
an
s
f
er
th
e
b
o
o
s
t
v
o
lta
g
e
th
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
w
il
l
b
e
less
.
I
n
t
h
is
co
n
v
er
ter
th
e
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
p
er
atio
n
is
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
.
T
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
es,
th
e
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
an
d
co
n
v
er
ted
to
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
an
el
is
1
2
v
o
lts
d
c
s
u
p
p
l
y
.
T
h
e
M
P
PT
ca
n
b
e
tr
ac
k
in
g
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
an
el
a
n
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1725
–
1
7
3
2
1726
d
eliv
er
to
th
e
co
u
p
led
in
d
u
c
to
r
in
ter
leav
ed
b
o
o
s
t
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
co
u
p
led
i
n
d
u
cto
r
i
n
ter
leav
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
b
o
o
s
tin
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
b
y
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle.
T
h
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
i
s
less
t
h
e
n
2
4
v
o
lt
it
ca
n
n
o
t
d
r
iv
e
t
h
e
B
L
D
C
m
o
to
r
[
4
]
,
in
th
i
s
co
n
d
it
io
n
t
h
e
b
att
er
y
w
ill
b
e
ch
ar
g
in
g
f
ir
s
t
,
it
is
r
ea
d
y
to
d
is
c
h
ar
g
e
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
t
h
en
t
h
e
2
4
v
o
lt
B
L
D
C
m
o
to
r
w
ill
b
e
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
with
t
h
e
h
elp
o
f
b
atter
y
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
e
2
4
v
o
lt
s
u
p
p
l
y
is
g
i
v
e
n
to
th
e
B
L
DC
s
tato
r
w
i
n
d
in
g
i
s
b
ased
o
n
r
o
to
r
p
o
s
itio
n
.
T
h
e
r
o
to
r
p
o
s
itio
n
is
s
en
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
h
all
s
en
s
o
r
,
T
h
ey
ar
e
t
h
r
ee
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
h
al
l
s
e
n
s
o
r
f
i
x
ed
in
th
e
m
o
to
r
f
o
r
s
en
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
o
t
o
r
p
o
s
itio
n
,
n
a
m
el
y
Ha,
Hb
,
Hc.
A
DSP
I
C
3
0
F2
0
1
0
co
n
tr
o
ller
[
5
]
s
en
s
e
th
e
r
o
to
r
p
o
s
itio
n
g
iv
e
n
to
s
ig
n
al
to
th
e
MO
SF
E
T
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
d
ev
ice.
A
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
s
tato
r
h
av
in
g
a
s
ix
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
w
i
n
d
in
g
,
Na
m
e
l
y
R
Y,
YB
,
B
R
,
R
Y’
,
YB
’
,
B
R
’
.
T
h
e
ex
ciatio
n
s
u
p
p
l
y
is
g
iv
e
n
to
th
e
B
L
D
C
m
o
to
r
b
y
MO
S
FET
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ix
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
MO
SF
E
T
f
ast
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
is
b
ased
o
n
r
o
to
r
p
o
s
itio
n
th
e
s
u
p
p
ly
is
g
iv
e
n
to
th
e
s
tato
r
w
in
d
in
g
.
T
h
e
s
tato
r
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
h
av
i
n
g
to
th
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
th
e
n
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
is
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
co
n
ti
n
o
u
s
l
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lo
ck
Diag
r
a
m
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
3.
CO
NVEN
T
I
O
NA
L
M
E
T
H
O
D
CIRCUI
T
DI
A
G
RAM
Gr
ee
n
en
er
g
y
b
ased
co
u
p
led
i
n
d
u
cto
r
in
ter
lea
v
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
w
it
h
MP
PT
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
f
ig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
ll
o
b
s
er
v
e
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
an
d
d
eliv
er
s
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
p
o
w
er
o
f
th
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
[
6
]
is
v
ar
y
i
n
g
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
v
ar
io
atio
n
in
t
h
e
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
lev
el.
T
h
e
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
m
ai
n
ta
in
ed
co
n
s
tan
tl
y
b
y
c
h
a
n
g
in
g
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
r
atio
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
w
itc
h
.
T
h
e
co
u
p
led
in
d
u
cto
r
in
ter
leav
ed
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
[
7
]
is
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
w
it
h
MP
PT
ch
ar
g
e
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
e
w
h
ic
h
co
n
n
ec
t
to
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
ic
h
w
ill
b
e
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
to
g
iv
e
s
t
h
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
b
atter
y
w
ill
b
e
c
h
ar
g
ed
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
w
it
h
th
e
h
e
lp
o
f
MP
PT
co
n
tr
o
l
m
et
h
o
d
[
9
]
.
On
ce
th
e
b
atter
y
is
f
u
ll
y
c
h
ar
g
ed
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
o
u
tp
u
t
[
1
0
]
-
[
1
2
]
d
ir
ec
tly
g
o
es
to
m
o
to
r
in
o
r
d
er
to
d
r
iv
e
B
L
DC
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
ir
cu
it d
ia
g
r
a
m
o
f
p
r
o
p
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
Green
E
n
erg
y
B
a
s
ed
C
o
u
p
led
I
n
d
u
cto
r
I
n
terl
ea
ve
d
C
o
n
ve
r
ter w
ith
MPP
T Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
...
(
V
.
S
en
th
il N
a
ya
g
a
m)
1727
4.
M
O
DE
S O
F
O
P
E
RAT
I
O
N
T
h
e
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
is
th
r
ee
p
h
a
s
e
ac
m
o
to
r
.
I
t
w
i
ll
r
u
n
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
o
to
r
p
o
s
itio
n
.
T
h
e
r
o
to
r
p
o
s
itio
n
is
s
en
s
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
h
all
s
e
n
s
o
r
w
h
ic
h
is
p
lace
d
in
s
id
e
th
e
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
is
g
iv
e
n
to
th
e
B
L
D
C
m
o
to
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
3
p
h
ase
in
v
e
r
ter
.
I
n
ea
ch
m
o
d
e
o
n
l
y
t
w
o
M
OSFET
w
ill b
e
t
u
r
n
ed
o
n
.
T
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
s
g
iv
e
n
to
th
e
3
p
h
ase
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
h
as 6
m
o
d
es
th
e
y
ar
e
M
O
DE
1
:
I
n
th
is
m
o
d
e
th
e
MO
SF
E
T
5
an
d
MO
SF
E
T
1
w
il
l
b
e
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
.
T
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
is
p
ass
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
MO
S
FET
5
,
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
an
d
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
w
i
ll
b
e
clo
s
ed
v
ia
MO
S
FET
1
in
cir
cu
it.
T
h
e
Oth
er
f
o
u
r
MO
SF
E
T
w
il
l b
e
in
tu
r
n
ed
o
f
f
co
n
d
itio
n
.
M
O
DE
2
:
I
n
t
h
i
s
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
t
h
e
MO
SF
E
T
5
an
d
M
OSFET
2
w
i
ll
b
e
t
u
r
n
ed
o
n
.
T
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
w
il
l
b
e
f
lo
w
i
n
g
v
ia
MO
S
FET
5
,
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
an
d
to
th
e
MO
SF
E
T
2
.
Oth
er
f
o
u
r
MO
S
FET
r
em
ain
s
in
o
f
f
co
n
d
itio
n
.
M
O
DE
3
:
Her
e
in
m
o
d
e
3
t
h
e
MO
SF
E
T
4
an
d
MO
SF
E
T
3
w
ill
b
e
t
u
r
n
ed
o
n
.
T
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
w
ill
f
lo
w
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
MO
S
FET
4
,
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
an
d
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
w
ill
b
e
clo
s
ed
v
ia
MO
SF
E
T
3
in
cir
c
u
it
.
R
e
m
a
in
i
n
g
s
w
itc
h
e
s
a
r
e
in
o
f
f
co
n
d
itio
n
.
M
O
DE
4
:
I
n
th
i
s
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
e
t
h
e
M
OSFET
4
an
d
MO
SF
E
T
1
w
ill
b
e
t
u
r
n
ed
o
n
.
T
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
s
p
ass
in
g
v
ia
th
e
MO
S
FET
4
,
B
L
D
C
m
o
to
r
an
d
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
f
l
o
w
w
i
ll
b
e
clo
s
ed
v
ia
MO
S
FE
T
1
in
cir
cu
it.
O
th
er
f
o
u
r
MO
S
FET
w
ill b
e
in
t
u
r
n
e
d
o
f
f
co
n
d
itio
n.
M
O
DE
5
:
T
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
is
g
i
v
e
n
to
th
e
B
L
D
C
m
o
to
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
3
p
h
ase
i
n
v
er
ter
.
.
I
n
m
o
d
e
o
n
e
th
e
MO
SF
E
T
6
an
d
MO
SF
E
T
3
w
il
l
b
e
in
ON
co
n
d
itio
n
.
T
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
s
p
ass
i
n
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
MO
SF
E
T
6
,
w
i
ll
b
e
ex
citi
n
g
t
h
e
B
L
D
C
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
an
d
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
w
i
ll
b
e
clo
s
e
d
v
ia
MO
SF
E
T
3
in
cir
cu
it
R
e
m
ai
n
in
g
s
w
itc
h
es a
r
e
in
o
f
f
co
n
d
it
io
n
.
M
O
DE
6
:
Her
e
in
o
p
er
atin
g
6
th
e
MO
SF
E
T
6
an
d
MO
SF
E
T
2
in
ON
co
n
d
itio
n
.
T
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
w
il
l
f
lo
w
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
MO
SF
E
T
6
w
ill
b
e
e
x
citi
n
g
t
h
e
B
L
D
C
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
an
d
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
w
i
ll
b
e
clo
s
ed
v
ia
MO
SF
E
T
2
in
cir
cu
it
r
e
m
ai
n
i
n
g
s
w
itc
h
es a
r
e
in
o
f
f
co
n
d
itio
n
.
5.
B
AT
T
E
RY
S
T
AT
US
(
SO
C)
T
h
e
b
atter
y
s
ta
te
o
f
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
g
r
ap
h
i
s
d
r
a
w
n
b
et
w
ee
n
ti
m
e
an
d
v
o
lta
g
e
w
h
ic
h
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
th
e
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
.
W
h
en
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
is
h
i
g
h
th
e
b
atter
y
w
ill
b
e
ch
ar
g
ed
an
d
th
e
B
L
D
C
m
o
to
r
w
ill
b
e
d
r
iv
en
.
I
n
ca
s
e
if
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
is
l
o
w
t
h
e
n
t
h
e
P
V
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
th
e
b
atter
y
.
I
n
th
i
s
co
n
d
itio
n
t
h
e
b
atter
y
w
ill b
e
d
is
c
h
ar
g
i
n
g
in
o
r
d
er
to
d
r
iv
e
th
e
B
L
D
C
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
B
atter
y
Sta
tu
s
(
SOC
)
6.
P
V
VO
L
T
A
G
E
AND
CUR
RE
N
T
AND
P
O
WE
R
WAV
E
F
O
RM
Gr
ap
h
f
o
r
P
V
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
p
o
w
er
is
d
r
a
w
n
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
ti
m
e
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
r
ad
iatio
n
lev
el
w
ill
b
e
h
ig
h
t
h
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
w
il
l
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
es
to
th
e
elec
tr
ical
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
P
V
v
o
ltag
e,
c
u
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
w
ill
b
e
h
ig
h
.
ar
o
u
n
d
3
7
v
is
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
PV
ar
r
a
y
an
d
8
-
9
A
c
u
r
r
en
t
w
il
l
d
eliv
er
ed
b
y
t
h
e
PV
s
o
u
r
ce
.
3
0
0
W
atts
o
f
p
o
w
er
w
ill b
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
i
s
PV
ar
r
ay
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1725
–
1
7
3
2
1728
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
P
V
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t a
n
d
p
o
w
er
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
7.
CO
NVER
T
E
R
VO
L
T
A
G
E
,
CURR
E
NT
AND
P
O
W
E
R
WAVE F
O
RM
Gr
ap
h
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
v
o
lta
g
e,
cu
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
is
d
r
a
w
n
a
cr
o
s
s
th
e
ti
m
e
as
s
h
o
w
i
n
t
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
5
.
I
f
in
ca
s
e
t
h
e
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
lev
el
is
h
ig
h
,
th
e
i
n
cr
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
w
itc
h
is
n
o
t
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
.
I
f
i
n
ca
s
e
t
h
e
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
le
v
el
i
s
lo
w
t
h
e
i
n
cr
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
w
itc
h
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
m
a
in
ta
in
i
n
g
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
o
u
t
p
u
t v
o
lta
g
e,
cu
r
r
en
t,
p
o
w
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
o
n
v
er
ter
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t a
n
d
p
o
w
er
8.
B
L
DC
M
O
T
O
R
I
n
th
e
F
i
g
u
r
e
6
B
L
D
C
m
o
to
r
6
w
in
d
i
n
g
ar
e
p
lace
d
in
s
tat
o
r
n
a
m
e
l
y
R
Y,
YB
,
B
R
,
R
’
Y
’
,
Y’
B
’
,
B
’
R
’
.
T
h
e
h
all
s
en
s
o
r
w
i
ll
b
e
s
en
s
in
g
th
e
r
o
to
r
p
o
s
itio
n
an
d
g
i
v
en
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
to
th
e
d
r
i
v
er
cir
cu
it
f
o
r
w
h
ic
h
MO
SF
E
T
w
ill
b
e
t
u
r
n
ed
o
n
.
I
n
th
e
o
p
en
lo
o
p
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
f
o
r
w
ar
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
c
le
is
v
ar
y
i
n
g
m
an
u
all
y
.
I
n
t
h
e
o
p
en
lo
o
p
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
r
ev
er
s
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
c
le
is
v
ar
y
i
n
g
m
a
n
u
a
ll
y
[
1
1
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
Green
E
n
erg
y
B
a
s
ed
C
o
u
p
led
I
n
d
u
cto
r
I
n
terl
ea
ve
d
C
o
n
ve
r
ter w
ith
MPP
T Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
...
(
V
.
S
en
th
il N
a
ya
g
a
m)
1729
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
B
L
DC
S
w
itc
h
in
g
to
p
o
lo
g
y
T
h
e
clo
s
ed
lo
o
p
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
f
o
r
w
ar
d
a
n
d
r
ev
er
s
e
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
w
ill
b
e
v
ar
y
i
n
g
a
u
to
m
atica
ll
y
.
T
ab
le
1
in
d
icate
s
th
e
v
alid
s
w
itc
h
s
ta
tes o
f
a
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
B
L
D
C
m
o
to
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
P
&
O
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
f
lo
w
c
h
a
r
t
w
h
ic
h
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
tep
b
y
s
te
p
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
1
2
]
o
f
g
e
ttin
g
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
P
V
ar
r
ay
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
ir
r
ad
i
an
ce
lev
el.
T
ab
le
1
.
Valid
s
w
itch
States
o
f
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
B
L
D
C
Mo
to
r
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Flo
w
c
h
ar
t
p
er
tu
r
b
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
e
m
et
h
o
d
P
h
a
se
H
A
LL
S
EN
S
O
R
S
W
I
T
C
H
ES
H3
H2
H1
Q
1
L
Q
1
H
Q
2
L
Q
2
H
Q
3
L
Q
3
H
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
3
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
4
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
5
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
6
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1725
–
1
7
3
2
1730
9.
CH
ARAC
T
E
R
I
ST
I
CS O
F
P
V
CE
L
L
I
d
ea
l
PV
is
m
o
d
eled
b
y
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
p
ar
allel
w
it
h
d
io
d
e.
W
h
en
e
v
er
n
o
s
o
lar
ce
ll
is
id
ea
l
an
d
th
er
e
b
y
s
h
u
n
t
an
d
s
er
ies
r
esi
s
tan
ce
ar
e
ad
d
ed
to
m
o
d
el
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
t
h
e
P
V
ce
ll
d
iag
r
a
m
(
Fig
u
r
e
8
)
.
R
S
is
in
tr
i
n
s
ic
s
er
ie
s
r
esis
ta
n
ce
w
h
o
s
e
v
al
u
e
is
v
er
y
s
m
all.
R
P
is
th
e
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t s
h
u
n
t r
es
is
ta
n
ce
i
s
v
er
y
h
i
g
h
v
al
u
e.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
P
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
C
ell
A
p
p
l
y
in
g
Kir
ch
h
o
f
f
’
s
la
w
to
th
e
n
o
d
e
I
p
h
,
d
io
d
e,
R
p
an
d
R
s
,
w
e
g
et
I
p
h
=I
D+
I
R
p
+I
(
1
)
W
e
g
et
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
eq
u
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
c
u
r
r
en
t:
I
=I
p
h
-
Irp
-
ID
(
2
)
(
3
)
w
h
er
e,
I
p
h
is
th
e
in
s
u
la
tio
n
c
u
r
r
en
t,
I
is
th
e
ce
ll
cu
r
r
en
t,
I
O
is
th
e
r
ev
er
s
e
s
at
u
r
atio
n
cu
r
r
en
t,
V
is
th
e
ce
ll
v
o
ltag
e,
R
s
is
th
e
s
er
ies r
e
s
is
ta
n
ce
,
R
p
i
s
t
h
e
p
ar
allel
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
,
VT
is
th
e
t
h
er
m
al
v
o
ltag
e,
k
is
t
h
e
B
o
ltz
m
a
n
n
co
n
s
ta
n
t,
T
is
th
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
in
Kel
v
in
,
q
is
t
h
e
ch
ar
g
e
o
f
a
n
elec
tr
o
n
.
10.
E
F
F
I
CI
E
NC
Y
O
F
P
V
CE
L
L
T
h
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
a
P
V
ce
ll is
d
ef
in
ed
as t
h
e
r
atio
o
f
p
ea
k
p
o
w
er
to
in
p
u
t so
lar
p
o
w
er
.
(
4
)
w
h
er
e,
V
m
p
is
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
at
p
ea
k
p
o
w
er
,
I
m
p
is
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
at
p
ea
k
p
o
w
er
,
I
i
s
t
h
e
s
o
lar
in
te
n
s
it
y
p
er
s
q
u
ar
e
m
eter
,
A
is
t
h
e
ar
ea
o
n
w
h
ich
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
f
all.
T
h
e
ef
f
ici
en
c
y
w
i
ll
b
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
i
f
w
e
t
r
ac
k
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
at
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
u
c
h
as
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
an
d
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t tr
ac
k
i
n
g
.
11.
M
O
DE
L
L
I
N
G
O
F
P
V
ARR
AY
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
I
p
h
r
ep
r
en
s
e
n
ts
t
h
e
ce
ll
p
h
o
to
cu
r
r
en
t,
R
j
is
u
s
ed
r
ep
r
esen
t
t
h
e
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
i
m
p
d
ed
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
-
n
j
u
n
ctio
n
,
R
s
h
a
n
d
R
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
r
ep
r
en
s
e
n
th
e
in
tr
i
n
s
tic
s
er
ies
an
d
s
h
o
u
n
t
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
o
f
ce
ll
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
u
s
u
all
y
t
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
R
s
h
is
v
er
y
lar
g
e
an
d
th
at
o
f
R
s
is
v
er
y
s
m
all,
h
en
ce
t
h
e
y
m
a
y
b
e
n
eg
lec
ted
to
s
i
m
p
li
f
y
th
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
Green
E
n
erg
y
B
a
s
ed
C
o
u
p
led
I
n
d
u
cto
r
I
n
terl
ea
ve
d
C
o
n
ve
r
ter w
ith
MPP
T Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
...
(
V
.
S
en
th
il N
a
ya
g
a
m)
1731
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Mo
d
ellin
g
o
f
P
V
A
r
r
a
y
T
h
e
P
V
m
ath
e
m
at
ical
m
o
d
el
u
s
ed
to
s
i
m
p
li
f
y
o
u
r
P
V
ar
r
ay
is
r
ep
r
en
s
en
ted
b
y
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
.
(
5
)
w
h
er
e
I
is
th
e
P
V
ar
r
a
y
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t,
V
is
th
e
P
V
ar
r
a
y
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e,
n
s
i
s
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ce
lls
is
s
er
ies
an
d
n
p
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ce
lls
p
ar
allel
,
q
is
th
e
ch
ar
g
e
o
f
an
elec
tr
o
n
,
k
is
B
o
ltz
m
an
n
’
s
co
n
s
ta
n
t;
A
is
t
h
e
p
-
n
j
u
n
ctio
n
id
ea
lit
y
f
ac
to
r
;
T
is
th
e
ce
ll
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
(
K)
;
I
r
s
is
t
h
e
ce
ll
r
ev
er
s
e
s
atu
r
atio
n
cu
r
r
en
t.
T
h
e
f
ac
to
r
A
i
n
eq
u
atio
n
d
eter
m
in
e
s
t
h
e
ce
ll
d
ev
iatio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
id
ea
l
p
-
n
j
u
n
ct
io
n
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
;
it
r
an
g
es
b
et
w
ee
n
1
-
5
b
u
t
f
o
r
o
u
r
ca
s
e
A
=2
.
4
6
T
h
e
ce
ll
r
ev
er
s
e
s
at
u
r
atio
n
c
u
r
r
en
t
I
r
s
v
ar
ies
w
ith
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
:
(
6
)
w
h
er
e
T
r
is
th
e
ce
ll
r
e
f
er
en
ce
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
I
r
r
is
th
e
ce
l
l
r
e
v
er
s
e
s
atu
r
atio
n
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
a
t
T
r
an
d
E
G
is
t
h
e
b
an
d
g
ap
o
f
th
e
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
ce
ll.
T
h
e
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
o
f
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
g
ap
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
m
i
co
n
d
u
cto
r
is
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
:
(
7
)
T
h
e
p
h
o
to
cu
r
r
en
t I
p
h
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
an
d
ce
ll
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
(
8
)
w
h
er
e
I
s
cr
is
t
h
e
ce
ll
s
h
o
r
t c
ir
cu
it c
u
r
r
en
t a
t r
e
f
er
en
ce
te
m
p
e
r
atu
r
e
an
d
r
ad
iatio
n
,
Ki
i
s
t
h
e
s
h
o
r
t c
ir
cu
i
t c
u
r
r
en
t
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
co
ef
f
icie
n
t,
a
n
d
S
is
t
h
e
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
i
s
m
W
/c
m
2
.
T
h
e
P
V
p
o
w
er
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
eq
u
ati
o
n
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
(
9
)
12.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
s
o
lar
b
ased
c
o
n
v
er
ter
g
i
v
es
a
ef
f
icien
t
s
o
l
u
tio
n
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
h
ar
m
f
u
l
n
es
s
to
th
e
s
o
ciet
y
f
o
r
u
s
in
g
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
e
l.
Gr
ee
n
en
e
r
g
y
b
ased
co
u
p
led
in
d
u
cto
r
in
t
er
leav
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
w
it
h
MP
P
T
tech
n
ic
f
o
r
B
L
D
C
m
o
to
r
w
as
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
an
d
v
er
if
ied
w
it
h
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
.
T
h
e
B
L
D
C
m
o
to
r
is
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
w
it
h
p
v
p
o
w
er
as
w
ell
as
b
atter
y
p
o
w
er
h
as
v
er
if
ied
.
T
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
o
f
t
h
e
C
o
u
p
led
in
d
u
cto
r
i
n
ter
lea
v
ed
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
is
v
ar
ied
an
d
th
e
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
is
also
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
.
Op
en
lo
o
p
an
d
clo
s
e
d
lo
o
p
ar
e
v
er
if
ied
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lati
o
n
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
M
A
T
L
A
B
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1725
–
1
7
3
2
1732
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
V
a
n
it
h
a
D
a
n
d
M.
Ra
th
in
a
k
u
m
a
r,
“
F
ra
c
ti
o
n
a
l
Or
d
e
r
P
ID
C
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
d
P
V
Bu
c
k
Bo
o
st
C
o
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
Co
u
p
le
d
In
d
u
c
to
r,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
8
(3
)
,
p
p
.
1
4
0
1
-
1
4
0
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
]
N
.
Ha
sh
im
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
DC
-
DC
Bo
o
st
Co
n
v
e
rter
De
sig
n
f
o
r
F
a
st
a
n
d
A
c
c
u
ra
te
M
P
P
T
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
in
S
ta
n
d
-
A
lo
n
e
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic S
y
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m (
IJ
PE
DS
)
.
[3
]
M.
Ka
v
it
h
a
a
n
d
V.
S
iv
a
c
h
id
a
m
b
a
ra
n
a
th
a
n
,
“
P
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
to
r
c
o
rre
c
ti
o
n
in
f
u
z
z
y
b
a
se
d
b
ru
sh
les
s
DC
m
o
to
r
f
e
d
b
y
b
rid
g
e
les
s
b
u
c
k
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
rter
,”
Co
mp
u
ta
t
io
n
o
f
Po
we
r,
En
e
rg
y
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
i
n
c
a
ti
o
n
(
ICCPE
IC),
2
0
1
7
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
,
IEE
E,
p
p
.
5
4
9
-
5
5
3
,
2
0
1
7
.
[4
]
S
.
F
a
ri
n
a
,
et
a
l.
,
“
W
in
d
in
g
A
rra
n
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
Ne
w
Ty
p
e
Ho
ll
o
w
Ro
to
r
BL
DC
M
o
t
o
r,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m (
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
9
(
3
)
,
p
p
.
933
-
9
4
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[5
]
R.
Ba
la
m
u
ru
g
a
n
a
n
d
R.
Nit
h
y
a
,
“
F
C/P
V
F
e
d
S
A
F
w
it
h
F
u
z
z
y
Lo
g
ic
Co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
P
o
w
e
r
Qu
a
li
ty
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
5
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
4
7
0
-
4
7
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[6
]
C.
M
.
Y
o
u
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Ca
sc
a
d
e
Co
c
k
c
ro
f
t
–
Walto
n
V
o
lt
a
g
e
M
u
lt
i
p
li
e
r
A
p
p
li
e
d
t
o
T
ra
n
sf
o
rm
e
rles
s
Hig
h
S
tep
-
Up
DC
–
DC Co
n
v
e
rter
,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
60
(
2
)
,
p
p
.
5
2
3
-
5
3
7
,
2
0
1
3
.
[7
]
M
.
P
ru
d
e
n
te,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
V
o
lt
a
g
e
M
u
lt
ip
li
e
r
Ce
ll
s
A
p
p
li
e
d
to
N
o
n
-
Is
o
late
d
DC
–
DC
Co
n
v
e
rters
,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
23
(
2
)
,
p
p
.
8
7
1
-
8
8
7
,
2
0
0
8
.
[8
]
V
.
S
.
Na
y
a
g
a
m
a
n
d
L
.
P
re
m
a
l
a
th
a
,
“
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
g
a
in
in
terle
a
v
e
d
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
rter
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
w
it
h
S
w
it
c
h
e
d
Ca
p
a
c
it
o
r
f
o
r
th
e
lo
w
p
o
w
e
r
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
m
p
u
t
a
ti
o
n
o
f
P
o
we
r,
En
e
rg
y
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
(
ICCPE
IC’1
6
)
,
p
p
.
7
7
7
-
7
8
2
,
2
0
1
6
.
[9
]
S.
V
e
rm
a
a
n
d
S.
K
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
“
O
v
e
rv
ie
w
o
f
c
o
n
tro
l
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
DC
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,
”
Res
e
a
rc
h
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
2
(8
),
p
p
.
18
-
21
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
0
]
V
.
Ba
las
u
b
ra
m
a
n
ian
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
ll
e
v
iate
th
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
g
a
in
o
f
h
ig
h
ste
p
-
u
p
DC
to
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter
u
si
n
g
q
u
a
si
a
c
ti
v
e
sw
it
c
h
e
d
in
d
u
c
t
o
r
stru
c
t
u
re
f
o
r
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
,”
Co
mp
u
ta
ti
o
n
o
f
Po
we
r,
E
n
e
rg
y
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
in
c
a
ti
o
n
(
ICCPE
IC),
2
0
1
7
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
,
IE
EE
,
p
p
.
8
3
5
-
8
4
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
1
]
S.
Ja
y
a
p
ra
k
a
sh
,
“
Re
a
c
ti
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
Co
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Ha
rm
o
n
ic
Re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
b
y
u
sin
g
Un
iv
e
rsa
l
F
il
ter
w
it
h
o
u
t
tr
a
n
sf
o
r
m
e
r
f
o
r
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ap
p
li
e
d
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
2
]
M.
Ka
v
it
h
a
a
n
d
V.
S
iv
a
c
h
id
a
m
b
a
ra
n
a
th
a
n
,
“
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
Diff
e
re
n
t
Co
n
tro
l
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
In
ter
lea
v
e
d
DC
-
DC
Co
n
v
e
rter,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
9
(
2
),
p
p
.
6
4
1
-
6
4
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
V.
S
e
n
th
il
Na
y
a
g
a
m
h
a
s
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
h
is
B.
E
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
S
ri
S
a
iRam
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Co
ll
e
g
e
,
T
a
m
il
n
a
d
u
,
In
d
ia i
n
2
0
0
9
a
n
d
M
.
E
d
e
g
re
e
in
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
d
riv
e
s
f
ro
m
S
t.
Jo
se
p
h
’s
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Ta
m
il
n
a
d
u
,
In
d
ia
in
2
0
1
1
.
He
is
p
u
rsu
i
n
g
h
is
P
h
.
D
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
S
a
th
y
a
b
a
m
a
In
stit
u
te
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
ro
m
2
0
1
3
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
s
DC
-
DC
Co
n
v
e
rters
f
o
r
Re
n
e
wa
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
s,
En
e
r
g
y
sto
ra
g
e
s
y
ste
m
,
B
L
DC M
o
to
r.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.