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n
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as
(
L
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)
f
il
ter
an
d
a
DC
lin
k
ca
p
ac
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r
is
u
s
ed
as
a
s
u
p
p
l
y
f
o
r
th
r
ee
p
h
a
s
e
in
v
er
ter
[
4
]
-
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
g
ate
p
u
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s
ar
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g
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ated
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y
n
ch
r
o
n
ized
s
i
x
p
u
ls
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
.
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h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
A
P
F
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
t
h
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o
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l
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g
en
er
ated
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th
e
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n
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o
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.
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I
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is
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s
ed
to
r
eg
u
la
te
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h
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lin
k
v
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lta
g
e.
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y
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,
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is
to
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tio
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cu
r
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t
v
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d
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d
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to
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t
i
n
t
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p
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t
u
n
in
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th
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co
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ics i
s
m
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m
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as p
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E
E
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tan
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ar
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[
8
]
-
[
1
0
]
.
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n
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p
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p
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m
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AN
N
tech
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m
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ted
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th
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ated
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I
R
P
th
eo
r
y
[
1
1
]
-
[
1
3
]
.
MA
T
L
A
B
/SIM
U
L
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N
K
p
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w
er
s
s
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s
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ACTI
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P
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)
.
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it.
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t
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2
.
1
.
M
a
t
he
m
a
t
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o
dellin
g
O
f
Sa
pf
T
h
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ilter
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s
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s
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W
M
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v
o
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g
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s
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it
h
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b
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s
ca
p
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r
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f
a
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s
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v
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g
e
s
o
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ce
.
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m
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d
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s
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m
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s
an
A
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Vo
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a
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b
-
c
f
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v
en
b
y
[
]
[
]
[
]
(
1
)
T
h
e
ab
o
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e
eq
u
atio
n
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ass
u
m
e
d
u
n
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to
α
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β th
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y
.
[
]
[
]
[
]
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
V
ia
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V
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,
V
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c
ar
e
th
e
p
h
ase
v
o
lta
g
e
s
.
3.
DE
S
I
G
N
O
F
SH
UNT AC
T
I
VE
P
O
WE
R
F
I
L
T
E
R
T
h
e
s
h
u
n
t
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
f
ilter
is
a
w
e
ll
m
a
tu
r
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
o
f
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
lo
ad
s
.
I
t
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
th
r
ee
p
h
a
s
e
ac
s
o
u
r
ce
,
d
io
d
e
b
r
id
g
e
r
ec
tif
ier
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
lo
ad
alo
n
g
w
it
h
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
f
ilter
s
.
Ge
n
er
all
y
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
lo
ad
is
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
cu
r
r
en
t
s
.
No
r
m
a
ll
y
,
th
e
s
h
u
n
t
A
P
F
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
in
s
u
c
h
a
w
a
y
t
h
at
it
eli
m
i
n
ates
t
h
e
lo
ad
cu
r
r
en
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
.
I
t
is
also
ca
lled
s
h
u
n
t
co
n
d
itio
n
er
s
an
d
t
h
e
y
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
p
ar
allel
w
it
h
t
h
e
AC
lin
e
an
d
n
ee
d
to
b
e
s
ized
o
n
l
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
p
o
w
er
(
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
c
u
r
r
en
t)
d
r
a
w
n
b
y
th
e
n
o
n
l
in
ea
r
lo
ad
s
.
T
h
is
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
io
n
an
d
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
i
n
ac
tiv
e
f
i
lter
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
S
A
P
F
co
m
p
e
n
s
ate
lo
ad
cu
r
r
en
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
b
y
in
j
ec
tin
g
eq
u
al
-
b
u
t
o
p
p
o
s
ite
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
en
s
atin
g
cu
r
r
en
t
.
T
h
e
s
h
u
n
t
t
y
p
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
f
ilter
s
n
ee
d
to
co
m
p
en
s
ate
t
h
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
cu
r
r
en
ts
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
g
en
er
ate
t
h
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
co
m
p
e
n
s
ati
n
g
cu
r
r
en
t.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
r
esu
lts
i
n
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
f
g
ate
s
ig
n
al
s
f
o
r
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
in
v
er
ter
w
h
ich
i
n
t
u
r
n
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
g
en
er
ati
n
g
co
m
p
en
s
ati
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
t.
Desi
g
n
in
g
o
f
f
ilter
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
b
elo
w
:
AC
SUP
P
L
Y
R
E
C
T
I
FIE
R
SOL
I
D
ST
A
T
E
DR
I
VE
HARMONI
C
C
OM
P
E
NS
A
T
I
ON
C
ONT
R
O
L
C
I
R
C
UI
T
V
s
, I
s
V
dc
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
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SS
N:
2
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8
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8
694
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d
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ased
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t
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p
ical
ac
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e
f
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i
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lu
d
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a
p
o
w
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elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
n
v
er
ter
w
it
h
eit
h
er
a
ca
p
ac
ito
r
o
r
in
d
u
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r
ac
tin
g
as
an
e
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er
g
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s
to
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ag
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m
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tr
o
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o
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ete
r
m
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d
es
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ef
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g
t
h
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co
n
v
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ter
g
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n
g
p
u
ls
e
p
atter
n
s
.
T
h
e
id
ea
l
ac
tiv
e
f
i
lt
er
w
o
u
ld
ca
u
s
e
t
h
e
r
ec
tif
ier
lo
ad
to
ap
p
ea
r
as
a
r
esti
v
e
lo
ad
at
all
ti
m
e
s
to
th
e
ac
s
y
s
te
m
.
S
y
s
te
m
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
S
A
P
F
i
s
d
escr
ib
ed
b
elo
w
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
an
d
th
eir
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
ar
e
m
en
t
io
n
ed
in
T
ab
le
1
.
F
ig
u
r
e
3
.
S
y
s
te
m
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
o
f
S
h
u
n
t
A
ct
iv
e
P
o
w
er
Fil
ter
T
ab
le
1
.
P
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
Sh
u
n
t
A
cti
v
e
P
o
w
er
Fil
ter
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
s
S
u
p
p
l
y
V
o
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t
a
g
e
4
4
0
V
M
a
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n
s
T
h
r
e
e
p
h
a
se
F
r
e
q
u
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n
c
y
5
0
H
z
R
L
2
5
0
Ω
I
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1
mH
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b
1v
C
dc
3
5
0
0
μF
V
dc
6
2
0
V
P
r
o
p
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r
t
i
o
n
a
l
g
a
i
n
0
.
5
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
l
g
a
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1
.
0
P
a
ssi
v
e
f
i
l
t
e
r
(
L
C
)
0
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1
0
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7
H
,
1
0
0
e
-
6F
T
h
e
DC
s
id
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
o
f
th
e
A
P
F
is
t
h
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
ele
m
en
t
in
f
ilter
i
n
g
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
.
C
h
ar
g
in
g
an
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
D
C
ca
p
ac
ito
r
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
co
m
p
en
s
ati
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
t.
T
h
e
DC
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
l
is
m
ai
n
tai
n
ed
b
y
a
P
I
r
eg
u
lato
r
an
d
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
o
b
ta
in
ed
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
m
et
h
o
d
is
ad
d
ed
to
r
ea
ctiv
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t.
Gen
er
all
y
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
cu
r
r
en
t
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
i
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
a
ctu
al
lo
ad
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
cu
r
r
en
t.
T
h
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
ati
n
g
r
ef
er
en
ce
c
u
r
r
en
t
is
o
b
tai
n
ed
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
t
h
e
ac
t
u
al
f
i
lt
er
cu
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
c
u
r
r
en
t.
T
h
e
n
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
in
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
i
s
g
i
v
en
to
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
ized
s
i
x
p
u
l
s
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
to
g
en
er
at
e
t
h
e
p
u
l
s
es
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
as i
n
p
u
t to
th
e
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
f
ilter
.
4.
CO
NT
RO
L
SCH
E
M
E
F
O
R
SH
UNT AC
T
I
VE
P
O
W
E
R
F
I
L
T
E
R
4
.
1
.
I
ns
t
a
nta
neo
us
P
o
w
er
o
f
P
-
Q
T
heo
ry
Alg
o
rit
h
m
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
s
tep
s
ex
p
lai
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
i
n
s
ta
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
p
o
wer
o
n
P
-
Q
t
h
eo
r
y
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
C
lar
k
e
an
d
I
n
v
er
s
e
C
lar
k
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
to
g
en
er
ate
r
e
f
er
en
ce
c
u
r
r
en
t
an
d
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
r
e
f
er
en
ce
cu
r
r
en
t
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
to
p
u
ls
e
g
en
er
ato
r
to
g
en
er
ate
th
e
p
u
ls
e
s
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
g
ate
p
u
ls
es
i
s
g
i
v
en
a
s
in
p
u
t
to
th
e
s
h
u
n
t
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
f
ilter
,
s
o
th
at
ab
o
v
e
g
e
n
er
ated
f
ilter
cu
r
r
en
t
is
eq
u
al
in
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
b
u
t
o
p
p
o
s
ite
in
p
h
ase
g
e
t
ca
n
ce
l
ea
ch
o
th
er
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
is
to
r
tio
n
les
s
cu
r
r
en
t
in
s
o
u
r
ce
s
id
e.
T
h
e
P
-
Q
alg
o
r
ith
m
clea
r
l
y
e
x
p
lain
s
ab
o
u
t
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
c
u
r
r
en
t
g
en
er
atio
n
w
h
ich
i
s
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
C
lar
k
e
’
s
an
d
I
n
v
e
r
s
e
C
lar
k
e
’
s
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
S
t
ep
1
:
Star
t th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
y
in
i
tializi
n
g
s
o
u
r
ce
cu
r
r
en
t a
n
d
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e.
S
t
ep
2
:
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
r
ee
p
h
a
s
e
(
a
-
b
-
c)
co
o
r
d
in
ate
to
t
w
o
p
h
ase
(
α
-
β)
co
o
r
d
in
ate
b
y
C
lar
k
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
S
t
ep
3
:
T
h
en
ca
lcu
latio
n
f
o
r
p
an
d
q
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
eq
u
at
io
n
p
=
v
α
i
α
+ v
β
i
β
q
=
v
β
i
α
-
v
α
i
β
Wh
er
e
p
-
in
s
ta
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
q
-
in
s
ta
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
i
m
a
g
in
ar
y
p
o
w
er
S
t
ep
4
:
C
o
m
p
en
s
a
tin
g
c
u
r
r
en
t c
alc
u
l
atio
n
is
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
as I
C
1
a
n
d
I
C
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
7
:
4
7
0
–
482
474
S
t
ep
5
:
C
o
m
p
e
n
s
ati
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
ab
c
p
h
ase
s
ar
e
ca
lc
u
lat
ed
b
y
ta
k
in
g
in
v
er
s
e
c
lar
k
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
o
f
alp
h
a
b
eta
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
cu
r
r
e
n
t th
e
n
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
eq
u
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itten
a
s
IC
a
.
I
C
b
.
I
C
c
= I
cal
(IC
1
,
I
C
2
)
S
t
ep
6
:
T
h
en
t
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
co
m
p
e
n
s
ati
n
g
cu
r
r
e
n
t
i
s
g
i
v
en
as
i
n
p
u
t
to
t
h
e
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
ized
s
i
x
p
u
ls
e
g
en
er
ato
r
to
g
e
n
er
ate
g
ate
p
u
l
s
es
a
n
d
t
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
g
a
t
e
p
u
ls
e
s
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
as
i
n
p
u
t
to
t
h
e
s
h
u
n
t
ac
tiv
e
f
ilter
a
n
d
th
e
f
ilter
cu
r
r
en
ts
ar
e
g
en
er
ated
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
eq
u
al
i
n
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
b
u
t
o
p
p
o
s
ite
in
p
h
ase
g
et
ca
n
ce
l e
ac
h
o
t
h
er
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
le
s
s
c
u
r
r
en
t in
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
id
e.
4
.
1
.
1
.
M
o
dellin
g
o
f
I
ns
t
a
nta
neo
us
P
o
w
er
o
f
P
-
Q
T
heo
ry
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
d
ea
ls
w
it
h
P
-
Q
t
h
eo
r
y
.
T
h
e
th
eo
r
y
cr
y
s
tal
clea
r
l
y
e
x
p
lain
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
v
o
lta
g
es
i
n
t
h
e
a
-
b
-
c
co
o
r
d
in
ates
to
th
e
α
-
β
co
o
r
d
in
at
es,
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
t
h
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
o
f
t
h
e
P
-
Q
th
eo
r
y
p
o
w
er
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
.
Fo
r
ca
lc
u
lati
n
g
P
-
Q
t
h
eo
r
y
,
g
en
er
all
y
th
er
e
ar
e
tw
o
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
s
ap
p
licab
le.
First
m
et
h
o
d
is
b
ased
o
n
C
lar
k
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
et
h
o
d
is
o
n
P
ar
k
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
C
lar
k
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
.
T
h
is
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ex
p
lai
n
s
ab
o
u
t
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
q
u
an
titi
e
s
th
at
ar
e
tr
an
s
lated
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
r
a
m
e
to
t
h
e
t
wo
-
ax
i
s
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
s
tatio
n
ar
y
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
r
a
m
e
an
d
f
r
o
m
a
t
w
o
–
a
x
is
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
s
t
atio
n
ar
y
r
e
f
er
en
ce
f
r
a
m
e
to
a
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
s
tatio
n
ar
y
r
e
f
er
en
c
e
f
r
a
m
e
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
I
n
v
er
s
e
C
lar
k
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
4
.
1
.
2
.
Ca
lcula
t
io
n
f
o
r
Co
m
pen
s
a
t
ing
Curre
nt
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
ati
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
is
e
x
p
lain
ed
.
I
C
a
,
I
C
b
,
I
C
c
d
eter
m
i
n
es
th
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
in
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
i
n
th
e
a
-
b
-
c
co
o
r
d
in
ate
s
an
d
I
α
an
d
I
β
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
a
tin
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
i
n
α
β
co
o
r
d
in
ates.
I
t
ex
p
lai
n
s
th
e
a
b
o
v
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
o
cc
u
r
s
f
r
o
m
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
f
r
a
m
e
to
t
wo
ax
is
o
r
t
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
s
tatio
n
ar
y
f
r
a
m
es.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
at
r
i
x
ass
o
ciate
d
is
a
s
f
o
llo
w
s
:
T
h
is
is
s
i
m
ilar
to
v
o
lta
g
e
e
q
u
atio
n
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
v
al
u
es
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
atr
ix
f
o
r
m
ar
e
co
n
v
er
ted
to
eq
u
at
io
n
f
o
r
m
.
I
a
,
I
b
,
I
c
ar
e
th
r
ee
p
h
a
s
e
q
u
a
n
titi
e
s
a
n
d
I
α
a
n
d
I
β
ar
e
t
wo
p
h
ase
s
tatio
n
ar
y
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
f
r
a
m
e
(
i
1
=
I
a
i
2
=
I
b
,
i3
=
I
c
).
I
α
=
I
a
-
(I
b
+ I
c
)
(
1
)
I
β
=
(I
b
+ I
c
)
(
2
)
W
e
k
n
o
w
t
h
at,
I
a
+
I
b
+
I
c
=
0
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e
I
c
=
-
(
I
a
+
I
b
)
b
y
s
u
b
s
titu
t
in
g
I
c
v
a
lu
e
s
i
n
eq
u
atio
n
1
&
2
w
e
g
et
I
α
=
I
a
an
d
I
β
=
(
I
a
+2
I
b
)
.
T
h
e
ab
o
v
e
eq
u
atio
n
is
s
i
m
ilar
to
v
o
ltag
e.
I
n
α
β a
x
is
Vo
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
,
e
=
v
α
+
j
v
β
C
u
r
r
en
t V
ec
to
r
,
i =
i
α
+
j
i
β
S =
e
*
I
=
(
v
α
+
j
v
β
)
*
(
i
α
+
j
i
β
)
=
(
v
α
i
α
+ v
β
i
β
)
+
j
(
v
β
i
α
-
v
α
i
β
)
=
p
+
j
q
So
th
er
ef
o
r
e
p
an
d
q
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
a
s
,
p
=
v
α
i
α
+ v
β
i
β
(
3
)
q
=
v
β
i
α
-
v
α
i
β
(
4
)
Fro
m
th
i
s
p
an
d
q
,
alp
h
a
b
eta
cu
r
r
en
t is ca
lc
u
lated
.
4
.
1
.
3
.
Alph
a
B
et
a
Curre
nt
Ca
lcula
t
io
n
Oscill
ati
n
g
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
,
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
,
V
α
an
d
V
β
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
f
i
n
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
cu
r
r
en
ts
i
n
alp
h
a
–
b
eta
co
-
o
r
d
in
ates.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
A
d
a
p
tive
Meth
o
d
fo
r
P
o
w
er Qu
a
lity I
mp
r
o
ve
men
t th
r
o
u
g
h
M
in
imiz
a
tio
n
o
f H
a
r
mo
n
ics
.
.
.
.
(
P
.
Th
ir
u
mo
o
r
th
i)
475
IC
1
=(
-
1
/(
(
V
1
2
+V
2
2
)
)
*
(
(
P
osc
*V
1
)
+
(
q
*
V
2
)
)
(
5
)
IC
2
=(
-
1
/(
(
V
1
2
+V
2
2
)
)
*
(
(
P
osc
*V
2
)
-
(
q
*
V
1
)
)
(
6
)
4
.
1
.
4
.
Co
m
pens
a
t
ing
Curre
nt
Ca
lcula
t
io
n
C
o
m
p
en
s
ati
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
in
ter
m
s
o
f
ab
c
p
h
ases
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
tak
i
n
g
in
v
er
s
e
C
lar
k
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
o
f
alp
h
a
-
b
eta
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
t
h
e
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
eq
u
at
io
n
s
c
an
b
e
w
r
itte
n
as
IC
a
,
I
C
b
,
I
C
c
=
I
ca
l
(
I
C
1
,
I
C
2
)
IC
a
=
*
I
C
1
(
7
)
IC
b
=
*
(
(
-
0
.
5
*
I
C
1
)
+
(
*
I
C
2
)
(
8
)
IC
c
=
*
(
(
-
0
.
5
*
I
C
1
)
-
(
*
I
C
2
)
(
9
)
Fro
m
th
is
eq
u
at
io
n
s
co
m
p
e
n
s
atin
g
cu
r
r
en
t a
r
e
g
e
n
er
ated
.
B
y
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
t
h
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t i
s
in
j
ec
ted
b
ac
k
in
to
p
o
w
er
li
n
e
at
P
C
C
an
d
t
h
u
s
s
u
p
p
r
ess
i
n
g
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
p
r
e
s
en
t
i
n
t
h
e
li
n
e.
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
u
s
ed
to
r
em
o
v
e
s
t
ea
d
y
s
tate
er
r
o
r
.
I
f
V
dc
is
less
er
th
en
it
w
o
u
ld
cr
ea
te
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
P
loss
s
ig
n
al
an
d
i
f
V
dc
is
g
r
ea
ter
t
h
an
V
ref
it
w
o
u
l
d
cr
ea
te
n
eg
ati
v
e
P
loss
s
ig
n
al.
4
.
2
.
Art
if
icia
l In
t
elleg
ence
(
A
I
)
T
ec
hn
iq
ue
A
r
ti
f
icial
Neu
r
al
Net
w
o
r
k
s
(
A
N
N)
is
g
en
er
all
y
p
r
ese
n
ted
as
a
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
“n
eu
r
o
n
s
”
w
h
ic
h
ex
c
h
an
g
e
m
e
s
s
a
g
es
b
e
t
w
ee
n
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
T
h
e
co
n
n
e
ctio
n
s
h
a
v
e
n
u
m
er
ic
w
eig
h
t
s
th
at
ca
n
b
e
tu
n
ed
b
ased
o
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
m
a
k
i
n
g
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
s
ad
ap
tiv
e
to
in
p
u
ts
an
d
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
lear
n
i
n
g
.
A
N
N
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
b
r
an
ch
es
o
f
A
I
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
i
s
tech
n
iq
u
e
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
n
alter
n
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
t
e
m
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
a
s
e
t
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
n
e
u
r
o
n
s
,
o
u
tp
u
t
n
eu
r
o
n
s
a
n
d
t
w
o
h
id
d
en
la
y
er
an
d
it
f
in
all
y
f
lo
w
s
o
u
t
o
f
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
la
y
er
.
T
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
h
as
a
s
i
m
p
l
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
as
a
f
o
r
m
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
-
o
u
tp
u
t
m
o
d
el,
w
it
h
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
ei
g
h
ts
as a
p
ar
a
m
eter
.
Mu
lt
i la
y
er
NN
ar
ch
it
ec
tu
r
e
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Mu
lti
L
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ith
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t
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1
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s
s
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t
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2
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ata
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r
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p
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t
ep
3
:
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r
esp
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d
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d
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s
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t
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4
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h
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tr
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n
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t
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k
.
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t
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5
:
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f
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6
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n
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F
ig
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re
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In
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I
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