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P
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E
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Driv
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s
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(
I
J
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DS
)
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
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er
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-
1813
1804
J
o
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na
l ho
m
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a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
jo
u
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a
l.c
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m/o
n
lin
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ex
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p
h
p
/I
JP
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DS
A Ti
m
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-
Frequ
enc
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Tra
nsfo
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Ba
sed Fault
Detectio
n
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Cla
ss
ificatio
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TAT
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M
In
tegr
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S.K
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S.C
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in
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,
L
.
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T
ripa
t
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3
1,
2
De
p
a
rtm
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n
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o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
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rin
g
,
KIIT
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
3
De
p
a
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n
t
o
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El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
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rin
g
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Bij
u
P
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ik
Un
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nfo
AB
ST
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r
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R
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Sep
1
7
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2
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1
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R
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v
17
,
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0
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7
A
cc
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3
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tec
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d
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las
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T
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tatic
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c
h
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to
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in
teg
ra
ted
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c
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tran
sm
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li
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re
,
f
a
st
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d
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a
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r
m
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a
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m
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n
d
c
las
sif
ica
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n
in
c
lu
d
in
g
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TA
T
C
OM.
T
h
e
S
TAT
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M
is
p
lac
e
d
a
t
m
id
-
p
o
in
t
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f
tran
s
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issio
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e
s
y
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sta
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g
b
y
e
x
trac
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th
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c
u
rre
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t
sig
n
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ls
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b
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ted
in
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c
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t
sig
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ls
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’s
a
re
f
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d
to
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DST
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m
p
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te
th
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sp
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c
tral
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e
rg
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o
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t
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li
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T
h
e
d
if
fe
re
n
ti
a
l
sp
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c
tral
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S
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is
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v
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lu
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ted
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d
ica
to
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p
ro
p
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m
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m
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late
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AT
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si
m
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li
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k
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v
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d
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f
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u
rc
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im
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n
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e
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I),
f
a
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lt
in
c
e
p
ti
o
n
a
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g
le
(F
IA
)
a
n
d
r
e
v
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rs
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
lo
w
.
T
h
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p
ro
p
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d
a
p
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a
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m
p
le,
re
li
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d
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ff
icie
n
t
a
s
th
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p
ro
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in
g
sp
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e
d
is
v
e
r
y
f
a
st
to
d
e
tec
t
th
e
f
a
u
lt
w
it
h
in
a
c
y
c
le p
e
rio
d
o
f
F
DT
(fa
u
lt
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
ti
m
e
).
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
DSE
FDST
FDT
FIA
Rf
SE
SI
Sin
g
le
-
cir
cu
i
t lin
e
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
201
7
In
s
t
it
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
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d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
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d
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c
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.
Al
l
rig
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ts
re
se
rv
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d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
S.K
Mis
h
r
a
,
Dep
ar
te
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
KI
I
T
Un
iv
er
s
i
t
y
,
Kath
aj
o
d
i c
am
p
u
s
,
P
atia,
B
h
u
b
an
es
w
ar
,
I
n
d
ia.
E
m
ail:
m
is
h
r
a2
9
y
@
y
a
h
o
o
.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
ST
A
T
C
OM
[
1
]
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
ller
FAC
T
S
(
Flex
ib
le
AC
T
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
S
y
s
te
m
)
d
e
v
ices
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
as
w
e
ll a
s
i
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
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(
DST
A
T
C
OM
)
s
y
s
te
m
ac
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s
m
an
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p
ar
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t
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w
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ld
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it
s
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tr
o
l
o
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r
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ct
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p
o
w
er
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v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
f
le
x
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o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
ca
p
ac
it
y
.
T
o
p
u
s
h
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
li
m
it
w
it
h
t
h
e
ex
is
t
in
g
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
,
ST
A
T
C
OM
is
a
n
alter
n
ati
v
e
o
p
tio
n
in
F
A
C
T
’
s
[
2
]
f
am
i
l
y
.
I
t
is
p
r
im
ar
i
l
y
a
s
h
u
n
t
co
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d
lag
g
in
g
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AR
co
n
tr
o
l
F
A
C
T
S
d
ev
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ased
s
in
g
le
c
ir
cu
it
li
n
e
an
d
d
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u
b
le
cir
cu
it
l
in
e
[
3
]
o
n
Vo
ltag
e
So
u
r
ce
co
n
v
er
ter
(
VS
C
)
u
s
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
VAR,
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
tr
an
s
ie
n
t,
d
y
n
a
m
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o
lta
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s
t
ab
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ad
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itio
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o
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s
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o
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s
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ep
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w
it
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ad
v
a
n
ce
d
d
ig
ital
co
n
tr
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tech
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f
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an
e
m
er
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i
n
g
er
a
to
en
h
a
n
ce
p
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w
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tr
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m
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ca
p
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th
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ex
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ti
n
g
li
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T
h
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t
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cc
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is
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T
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m
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s
t
b
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a
s
tr
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r
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y
i
n
g
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m
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p
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f
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u
lt o
cc
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r
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in
ST
A
T
C
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in
te
g
r
ated
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
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I
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N:
2
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8
8
-
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A
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1805
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p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
b
ased
co
m
p
u
tin
g
s
y
s
te
m
lik
e
s
er
v
er
cl
u
s
ter
h
elp
s
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
u
s
i
n
g
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
w
i
th
i
n
a
less
ti
m
e
s
p
a
n
w
h
ic
h
allo
w
s
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
g
r
id
m
a
n
y
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
E
ar
lier
d
is
tan
ce
r
ela
y
[
4
]
is
u
s
ed
to
d
etec
t
th
e
f
a
u
lt
b
ec
a
u
s
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
li
n
e
ch
a
n
g
e
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
f
a
u
lt
b
u
t
it
u
n
ab
l
e
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
f
w
h
o
le
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e
as
s
o
m
e
er
r
o
r
s
m
a
y
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
w
h
ile
d
ete
ctin
g
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
at
n
ea
r
an
d
f
ar
en
d
s
w
h
ich
ca
u
s
es
o
v
er
r
ea
ch
in
g
/
u
n
d
er
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
s
i
g
n
al
in
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
is
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
l
y
an
al
y
ze
d
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
tr
av
elli
n
g
w
a
v
e
th
eo
r
y
[
5
]
.
Fu
zz
y
-
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
b
ased
s
ch
e
m
e
[
6
]
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
b
u
t
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
i
n
t
h
is
if
s
o
m
e
n
e
u
r
o
n
s
ar
e
m
is
s
e
d
d
u
r
in
g
p
h
aso
r
d
ata
i
n
ter
p
r
etatio
n
u
n
d
er
tr
ain
in
g
an
d
test
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
it
m
a
y
l
ea
d
to
er
r
o
r
in
f
au
l
t
d
etec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
n
e
x
te
n
d
ed
Kal
m
an
f
ilter
i
n
g
[
7
]
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
d
is
s
i
m
ilar
f
il
ter
s
ar
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
w
h
ic
h
lead
er
r
o
r
n
eo
u
s
r
es
u
lt
a
n
d
Ma
c
h
in
e
i
n
telli
g
e
n
ce
m
e
h
o
d
co
n
s
u
m
e
s
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ti
m
e.
Fo
u
r
ier
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
,
w
a
v
elet
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
in
p
ar
ticu
lar
DW
T
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
is
s
o
m
e
h
o
w
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
s
tu
d
y
o
f
f
au
lt
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
,
h
o
w
e
v
er
t
h
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
w
h
ic
h
m
a
y
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
i
n
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
as
it
i
s
v
er
y
s
en
s
iti
v
e
to
n
o
is
e
a
n
d
u
n
ab
le
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
clea
r
l
y
.
S
-
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
a
n
d
f
as
t
d
is
cr
ete
S
-
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
w
h
ic
h
is
m
o
d
i
f
ied
f
o
r
m
S
-
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ar
e
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
s
i
g
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
u
s
ed
to
co
m
p
u
te
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
,
class
i
f
icatio
n
an
d
l
o
ca
tio
n
in
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
li
n
e.
Fau
l
t
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
u
s
in
g
li
n
ea
r
ti
m
e
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
i
n
V
SI
s
w
i
tch
[
1
0
]
is
p
r
esen
ted
,
h
o
w
e
v
er
it
u
n
ab
le
to
ex
p
lai
n
th
e
f
a
u
l
t
d
etec
tio
n
ti
m
e
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
au
l
t c
o
n
d
itio
n
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
f
a
u
l
t lo
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
m
atr
i
x
co
n
v
er
t
er
[
1
1
]
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
w
h
ic
h
it
e
x
p
lain
o
p
en
cir
cu
it/s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
co
n
d
itio
n
at
s
w
i
tch
in
g
f
au
l
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
b
u
t
u
n
ab
le
t
o
d
etec
t
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
h
u
n
t
f
a
u
lt
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
in
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e
an
d
it
s
d
etec
tio
n
t
i
m
e.
Fa
u
lt
c
u
r
r
en
t
li
m
iter
is
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
in
[
1
2
]
w
h
ich
i
s
u
s
ed
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
tr
an
s
ie
n
t
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
u
n
ab
le
t
o
tr
ac
e
s
h
u
n
t
f
au
l
ts
ex
ce
p
t
s
h
o
r
t
cir
c
u
it
f
a
u
lt.
An
A
d
ali
n
e
L
M
S
co
n
tr
o
l
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
DW
T
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
p
r
esen
t
ed
[
1
3
]
b
u
t
it
ta
k
e
s
m
o
r
e
p
r
ce
s
s
in
g
t
i
m
e
as
t
h
e
p
u
ls
e
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
DT
(
Dec
is
io
n
tr
e
e)
[
1
4
]
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
co
n
s
u
m
es
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
ti
m
e
d
u
e
to
its
b
u
r
d
en
.
A
l
l
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
h
er
e
i
n
v
o
l
v
es
w
it
h
o
u
t in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
ST
A
T
C
OM
in
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
a
s
tr
o
n
g
m
o
ti
v
ati
o
n
b
eh
in
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
e
is
to
d
ev
elo
p
an
al
g
o
r
i
th
m
w
h
ic
h
p
r
o
v
id
es
f
ast
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
o
f
d
is
cr
ete
S
-
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
(
FDST
)
in
clu
d
in
g
ST
A
T
C
OM
.
S
-
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
ST
)
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
f
o
r
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
a
n
d
clas
s
i
f
icatio
n
d
u
e
to
its
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
lo
ca
lizi
n
g
t
h
e
i
m
ag
in
ar
y
a
n
d
r
e
al
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
tl
y
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
its
m
o
v
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
ca
lab
le
lo
ca
lizin
g
p
r
o
p
er
ty
o
f
Gau
s
s
ia
n
w
in
d
o
w
.
FDST
[
1
7
]
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
s
elec
tio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
th
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
n
o
n
-
s
tatio
n
ar
y
s
i
g
n
als
th
at
co
n
s
id
er
ab
l
y
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
al
co
m
p
licat
io
n
s
b
y
ev
a
lu
ati
n
g
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
en
er
g
y
co
n
ten
t
o
b
t
ain
ed
f
r
o
m
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
th
e
r
esp
ec
ti
v
e
p
h
ase.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
A
p
ar
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Sectio
n
-
1
,
in
tr
o
d
u
cti
o
n
p
ar
t
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
ea
r
lier
.
Sectio
n
-
2
d
escr
ib
es
FDST
f
o
r
m
u
lat
io
n
.
S
ec
tio
n
-
3
d
is
cu
s
s
e
s
DSE
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
ial
r
ela
y
i
n
g
s
ch
e
m
e.
Sectio
n
-
4
d
is
cu
s
s
es
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
r
es
u
lts
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
f
a
u
lt
co
n
d
itio
n
.
Sectio
n
-
5
d
is
cu
s
s
es t
h
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
p
ar
t o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
e.
2.
F
DST
Sig
na
l
P
ro
ce
s
s
ing
FDST
is
a
f
ast
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
d
is
cr
ete
S
-
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
an
d
u
s
ed
to
ev
a
lu
ate
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
f
r
o
m
n
o
n
-
s
tatio
n
ar
y
cu
r
r
en
t
u
s
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
to
o
l
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
b
y
n
u
m
er
ica
ll
y
f
ilter
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
u
n
w
a
n
ted
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
.
T
h
e
FDST
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
r
ef
er
r
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
liter
at
u
r
e
[
1
7
]
.
S
-
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
S
(
k,
n
)
s
i
g
n
al
is
a
co
m
p
le
x
q
u
an
t
it
y
r
ep
r
ese
n
ted
in
eq
u
atio
n
1
.
(
,
)
(
,
)
(
,
)
i
k
n
S
k
n
A
k
n
e
q
=
(
1
)
W
h
er
e,
(
,
)
(
,
)
A
k
n
S
k
n
=
is
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
o
f
S
-
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
an
d
p
h
ase
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
R
e
(
(
,
)
)
Skn
an
d
I
m
(
(
,
)
)
Skn
v
alu
e
t
h
e
r
ea
l a
n
d
i
m
ag
in
ar
y
v
alu
es o
f
(
,
)
Skn
ex
p
r
ess
ed
i
n
e
q
u
atio
n
2
.
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Sp
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SE
p
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f
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-
p
h
ase
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r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
eq
u
atio
n
3
,
2
(
,
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S
E
S
k
n
P
(
3
)
(
3
)
s
Z
s
B
S
T
A
T
C
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2
B
3
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2
l
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0
r
V
1
B
S
u
b
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
-
1
S
u
b
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
-
2
f
a
u
l
t
f
a
u
l
t
f
a
u
l
t
4
0
0
K
m
l
o
n
g
l
i
n
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
a
m
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
th
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
p
lace
d
at
m
id
-
p
o
in
t o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e
3.
P
ro
po
s
ed
P
ro
t
ec
t
io
n Sche
m
e
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
s
ch
e
m
e
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
ST
A
T
C
OM
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e1
.
T
h
e
s
c
h
e
m
e
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
t
w
o
4
0
0
k
V
s
u
b
s
tat
io
n
p
lace
d
at
b
o
th
en
d
o
f
li
n
e,
w
h
ic
h
is
h
a
v
in
g
1
5
0
0
MV
A
ca
p
ac
it
y
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e,
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
an
d
b
u
s
o
f
b
o
th
en
d
o
f
s
en
d
in
g
an
d
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
ter
m
i
n
als
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
V
s
,
V
r,
Zs
,
Zr
,
B
-
S
an
d
B
-
R
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
w
h
o
le
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
li
n
e
co
m
p
r
is
e
s
o
f
f
o
u
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
Z
l1
,
Z
l2
,
Z
l3
and
Z
l4
p
lace
d
at
1
0
0
k
m
d
is
ta
n
ce
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
an
o
th
er
.
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
a
n
d
ze
r
o
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
r
esis
tan
ce
an
d
in
d
u
ctan
ce
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
o
h
m
p
er
k
m
a
n
d
in
h
e
n
r
y
p
er
k
m
s
u
c
h
as
R
1
=0
.
0
1
5
3
7
,
R
0
=0
.
0
4
6
1
2
,
L
1
=0
.
8
8
5
8
×1
0
-
3
an
d
L
0
=2
.
6
5
4
×1
0
-
3
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
P
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
t
h
e
t
w
o
g
r
i
d
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
e
ar
e
Vs=
4
0
0
k
V,
δs
=
12
0
an
d
Vr
=
4
0
0
k
V,
δr
=
0
0
of
5
0
Hz
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
ST
A
T
C
OM
o
f
1
0
0
MV
A
ca
p
ac
it
y
is
s
h
u
n
t
co
n
n
ec
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
1
5
k
V/4
0
0
k
V
to
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
d
ep
icts
s
ch
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
elay
i
n
g
s
ch
e
m
e
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
m
en
tio
n
ed
b
elo
w
ar
e
test
ed
f
o
r
s
i
m
u
l
atio
n
s
t
u
d
y
.
Fau
lt r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
v
ar
iatio
n
(
R
f
)
: 0
to
1
0
0
Ω
Fau
lt I
n
ce
p
tio
n
An
g
le
(
FI
A
)
v
ar
iatio
n
: 0
0
,
4
5
0
,
9
0
0
R
ev
er
s
e
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
So
u
r
ce
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
(
SI)
v
ar
iati
o
n
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
S
u
b
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
-
2
4
0
0
k
V
T
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
B
-
S
B
-
R
2
0
0
k
m
2
0
0
k
m
F
D
S
T
C
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
S
p
e
c
t
r
a
l
E
n
e
r
g
i
e
s
(
S
E
)
o
f
a
l
l
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
a
t
B
-
S
a
n
d
B
-
R
C
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
D
S
E
a
t
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
p
h
a
s
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
o
f
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
.
D
S
E
,
P
=
(
S
E
B
-
S
,
P
–
S
E
B
-
R
,
P
)
,
‘
P
’
d
e
n
o
t
e
a
p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
p
h
a
s
e
e
i
t
h
e
r
a
,
b
o
r
c
C
T
-
1
C
T
-
2
D
S
E
,
P
>
T
h
,
F
a
u
l
t
i
n
S
e
n
d
i
n
g
e
n
d
w
i
t
h
i
n
5
0
%
d
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
f
r
o
m
B
-
S
D
S
E
,
P
<
-
T
h
,
F
a
u
l
t
i
n
R
e
c
e
i
v
i
n
g
e
n
d
w
i
t
h
i
n
5
0
%
d
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
f
r
o
m
B
-
R
T
r
i
p
S
u
b
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
-
1
(
-
Th)
<
D
SE
<
(
Th)
P
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Sch
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
elay
i
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
A
Time
-
F
r
eq
u
en
cy
Tr
a
n
s
fo
r
m
B
a
s
ed
F
a
u
lt De
tectio
n
a
n
d
C
l
a
s
s
ifica
tio
n
o
f
…
(
S
.
K
Mi
s
h
r
a
)
1807
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
tia
l sp
ec
tr
al
en
er
g
y
[
1
9
]
o
f
ea
ch
p
h
ase
(
DSE
p
)
is
f
o
r
m
u
lated
b
y
DSE
P
=
(S
E
B
-
S
,
P
–
SE
B
-
R
,
P
)
(4
)
Her
e,
P
is
p
h
ase
-
A
,
B
o
r
C
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
d
etec
tio
n
a
n
d
cla
s
s
i
f
ica
ti
o
n
o
f
f
a
u
lt
in
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e.
DE
-
P
>
+T
h
: f
au
lt i
s
w
it
h
i
n
5
0
% d
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
B
-
S
DE
P
<
-
T
h
: f
a
u
lt i
s
w
it
h
in
5
0
%
d
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
B
-
R
-
T
h
<D
E
P
<+
T
h
: f
a
u
lt is
at
a
n
e
x
ter
n
al
e
n
d
.
T
h
r
esh
o
ld
(
T
h
)
is
s
elec
ted
af
t
er
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
o
u
t
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
at
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
f
a
u
lt
co
n
d
itio
n
.
Her
e
th
e
T
h
is
s
elec
ted
as 0
.
0
0
5
in
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
r
elay
in
g
t
h
eo
r
y
is
r
e
f
er
r
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
[
2
0
]
.
4.
Resul
t
a
nd
Di
s
cus
s
io
n
MA
T
L
A
B
R
2
0
1
0
a
SIM
UL
I
N
K
v
er
s
io
n
i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
o
d
elli
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
e.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
co
m
p
lete
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
c
h
e
m
e
in
ter
n
al
f
au
lt a
n
d
ex
ter
n
al
f
au
l
ts
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
4
.
1
I
nte
rna
l F
a
ult:
A
ll
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
ar
e
co
n
d
u
cted
at
f
au
lt i
n
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
0
.
4
s
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
e
n
t s
h
u
n
t
f
a
u
lt c
o
n
d
itio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
d
ep
icts
A
-
G
f
au
l
t
o
cc
u
r
s
at
s
en
d
in
g
en
d
b
u
s
(
B
-
S)
an
d
A
-
G
f
au
lt
o
cc
u
r
s
at
r
ec
ei
v
in
g
e
n
d
b
u
s
(
B
-
R
)
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
A
-
G
f
a
u
lt
at
B
-
S
an
d
A
-
G
f
au
l
t
at
B
-
R
ar
e
1
8
0
d
eg
r
ee
p
h
ase
s
h
i
f
t
to
ea
ch
o
th
e
r
.
T
o
test
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
R
f
,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
s
ar
e
test
ed
at
R
f
v
alu
es
f
r
o
m
0
Ω
-
1
0
0
Ω
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
a
u
lt
co
n
d
it
io
n
.
I
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
(
a)
A
B
C
f
a
u
lt
o
cc
u
r
s
at
1
5
0
k
m
d
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
B
-
S
at
R
f
=1
Ω
,
FI
A
=0
0
th
e
D
SE
o
f
all
A
,
B
a
n
d
C
p
h
ase
c
u
r
r
en
t
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
in
+
v
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
an
d
cr
o
s
s
e
s
T
h
v
a
lu
e
at
0
.
0
0
5
an
d
d
etec
ts
th
e
A
B
C
f
a
u
lt
i
n
0
.
0
3
s
class
i
f
ied
as
A
B
C
f
a
u
lt.
So
th
e
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
t
i
m
e
(
FDT
)
r
eq
u
ir
es
0
.
0
3
s
f
o
r
A
B
C
f
a
u
lt.
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
d
ep
icts
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
co
n
to
u
r
o
f
A
B
C
f
au
lt
at
1
5
0
k
m
d
is
ta
n
ce
f
r
o
m
B
-
S
at
R
f
=1
Ω
an
d
F
I
A
=0
0
.
Fro
m
t
h
is
f
i
g
u
r
e
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
co
n
to
u
r
s
at
ti
m
e
0
.
4
s
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
ll
y
lo
ca
lize
s
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
ev
e
n
t
s
j
u
s
t
a
f
ter
t
h
e
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
f
a
u
lt.
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
c)
d
ep
icts
A
B
C
f
au
l
t
at
1
5
0
k
m
d
i
s
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
B
u
s
B
-
R
(
B
u
s
-
4
)
,
R
f
=1
Ω
an
d
FI
A=
0
0
,
th
e
FDT
tak
es
0
.
0
4
s
to
cr
o
s
s
T
h
v
alu
e.
F
ig
u
r
e
4
(
d
)
d
e
p
icts
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
co
n
to
u
r
o
f
A
B
C
f
au
l
t
o
cc
u
r
s
at
1
5
0
k
m
d
is
ta
n
c
e
f
r
o
m
B
u
s
B
-
R
at
R
f
=1
Ω
a
n
d
FIA
=0
0
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
A
-
G
f
a
u
lt a
t 1
0
0
k
m
f
r
o
m
B
-
S a
n
d
at
1
0
0
k
m
f
r
o
m
B
-
4
4
.
2
E
f
f
ec
t
o
f
f
a
ult
re
s
is
t
a
nce
v
a
r
ia
t
io
n (
Rf
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
.
A
B
C
f
a
u
lt a
t 1
5
0
k
m
d
i
s
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
B
-
S,
R
f
=1
Ω
an
d
FIA
=0
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
1
8
0
4
–
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
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8
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No
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6
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0
k
m
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I
A
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.
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6
(
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FI
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.
I
t
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
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e
f
r
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q
u
en
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y
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n
to
u
r
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s
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a
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en
t
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at
0
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4
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
1
8
0
4
–
1
8
1
3
1810
th
is
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
SI
is
allo
w
ed
f
o
r
an
y
s
y
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te
m
to
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t
u
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y
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
to
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i
f
y
a
n
d
d
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ts
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a
n
ac
cu
r
ate
m
a
n
n
er
.
T
ab
le
3
d
ep
icts
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
SI
(
5
%,
1
0
%,
1
5
%,
2
0
%,
2
5
% a
n
d
3
0
% i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
NSI
)
a
t R
f
=1
Ω
,
F
DT
an
d
d
is
tan
ce
i
n
k
m
f
r
o
m
B
-
S
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
e
n
t t
y
p
e
s
o
f
f
a
u
lt.
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a)
.
A
B
-
G
f
a
u
lt a
t 5
0
K
m
d
is
ta
n
ce
f
r
o
m
B
-
S,
R
f
=1
Ω
,
SI=
3
0
%
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
NSI
,
FIA
=0
0
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
.
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
co
n
to
u
r
o
f
A
B
-
G
f
au
lt a
t 0
.
4
s
ec
,
R
f
=1
Ω,
SI=
3
0
% in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
NSI
,
FIA
=0
0
T
ab
le
3
.
Var
iatio
n
o
f
SI
(
5
%,
1
0
%,
1
5
%,
2
0
%,
2
5
% a
n
d
3
0
%
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
NSI
)
at
R
f
=1
Ω
,
f
au
l
t d
is
tan
ce
i
n
k
m
f
r
o
m
B
-
S
F
a
u
l
t
t
y
p
e
S
I
=
5
%
+
N
S
I
,
F
D
T
,
d
i
st
a
n
c
e
S
I
=
1
0
%
+
N
S
I
,
F
D
T
,
d
i
st
a
n
c
e
S
I
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f
f
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p
h
ase
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al
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w
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d
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f
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p
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n
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I
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1811
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ates
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f
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I
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Fa
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n
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t
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w
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t
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v
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n
g
p
a
r
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m
e
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e
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s.
Pr
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a
l
g
o
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t
h
m
o
f
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E
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e
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i
f
f
e
r
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n
t
i
a
l
c
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r
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n
t
s
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e
D
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e
R
f
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a
f
f
e
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c
t
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d
[
2
1
]
R
e
l
a
y
u
n
d
e
r
r
e
a
c
h
(
-
4
.
1
%)/
o
v
e
r
r
e
a
c
h
(
2
%)
S
I
v
a
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
u
p
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o
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0
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o
t
a
f
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e
c
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d
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f
f
e
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e
d
[
2
1
]
R
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l
a
y
u
n
d
e
r
r
e
a
c
h
(
-
4
%)/
o
v
e
r
r
e
a
c
h
(
2
%)
S
TA
T
C
O
M
v
a
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
(
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
a
n
d
V
A
R
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
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r
)
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f
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e
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t
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mal
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r
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a
t
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u
t
w
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r
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s fi
n
e
A
f
f
e
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t
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d
[
2
1
]
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
R
e
l
a
y
u
n
d
e
r
r
e
a
c
h
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n
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o
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e
r
r
e
a
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h
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R
e
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e
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s
e
p
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f
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f
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t
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d
5.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
tia
l
r
ela
y
i
n
g
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e
m
e
o
f
ti
m
e
-
f
r
eq
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e
n
c
y
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
b
ased
f
a
u
lt
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
class
i
f
icatio
n
o
f
ST
A
T
C
OM
in
teg
r
ated
s
i
n
g
le
cir
cu
it
tr
an
s
m
is
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2
1
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RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
N.
G
.
Hin
g
o
ra
n
i
a
n
d
L
.
Gy
u
g
y
i.
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
i
n
g
F
A
C
T
S
Co
n
c
e
p
ts
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
F
lex
ib
le
AC
T
ra
n
s
m
is
sio
n
S
y
st
e
m
s,
Ne
w
Yo
rk
:
IEE
E
P
re
ss
,
2
0
0
0
.
[2
]
S
.
R.
S
a
m
a
n
tara
y
.
“
A
D
a
t
a
-
M
in
in
g
M
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
P
r
o
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
F
A
C
T
S
-
Ba
se
d
T
r
a
n
s
m
issio
n
L
in
e
”
,
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r De
li
v
e
ry
,
2
0
1
3
;
2
8
(2
):
6
1
2
-
6
1
8
[3
]
L
.
N.
T
rip
a
th
y
,
S
.
R
S
a
m
a
n
tra
y
,
P
.
K
Da
sh
.
“
A
fa
st
ti
m
e
–
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
tran
sf
o
r
m
b
a
se
d
d
iffere
n
ti
a
l
re
la
y
in
g
sc
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
UP
F
C
b
a
se
d
d
o
u
b
le
-
c
ircu
it
tran
s
m
is
sio
n
li
n
e
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Po
we
r
En
e
rg
y
sy
ste
m,
2
0
1
6
;
7
7
(
1
):
4
0
4
-
4
1
7
.
[4
]
Zh
o
u
X
,
W
a
n
g
H,
R.
K
A
g
a
r
w
a
l,
P
.
Be
a
u
m
o
n
t.
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
d
istan
c
e
re
lay
a
s
a
p
p
li
e
d
to
a
tran
sm
issio
n
s
y
ste
m
w
it
h
UP
F
C”
,
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
o
n
P
o
we
r De
li
v
e
ry
,
2
0
0
6
;
2
1
(3
)
:
1
1
3
7
-
1
1
4
7
.
[5
]
M
.
H.J.
Bo
o
len
.
“
T
ra
v
e
li
n
g
w
a
v
e
b
a
se
d
p
ro
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
d
o
u
b
le circ
u
it
li
n
e
s”
,
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
In
stit
u
te o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rs
C
-
Ge
n
e
ra
t
io
n
,
T
ra
n
sm
issio
n
a
n
d
Distri
b
u
t
io
n
,
1
9
9
3
;
1
4
0
(
2
):
3
7
–
4
7
.
[6
]
P
.
K.
Da
sh
,
A
.
K
P
ra
d
h
a
n
,
G
.
P
a
n
d
a
.
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
f
u
z
z
y
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
b
a
se
d
d
istan
c
e
re
la
y
in
g
sc
h
e
m
e
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
o
n
P
o
we
r De
li
v
e
ry
,
2
0
0
0
;
1
5
(3
)
:
9
0
2
-
9
0
7
.
[7
]
S
.
R.
S
a
m
a
n
tara
y
,
P
.
K.
Da
sh
.
“
H
ig
h
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
f
a
u
lt
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
i
n
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
f
e
e
d
e
rs
u
sin
g
e
x
te
n
d
e
d
k
a
lma
n
f
il
ter
a
n
d
su
p
p
o
rt
v
e
c
to
r
m
a
c
h
in
e
”
,
Eu
r
o
p
e
a
n
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l
Po
we
r,
2
0
1
0
;
2
0
(
3
):
3
8
2
-
3
9
3
.
[8
]
V
.
L
.
P
h
a
m
,
K.
P
.
W
o
n
g
.
“
W
a
v
e
let
tran
sf
o
r
m
b
a
s
e
d
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
”
,
p
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
n
I
n
stit
u
ti
o
n
o
f
El
e
c
tr
ic
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
T
r
a
n
sm
issio
n
a
n
d
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
,
1
9
9
9
;
1
4
6
(3
):
2
4
9
–
2
5
4
.
[9
]
Y.
S
Ra
o
,
G
.
Ra
v
i
Ku
m
a
r,
G
.
K
e
sh
a
b
Ra
o
.
“
A
n
e
w
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
f
o
r
c
las
si
f
ica
ti
o
n
o
f
f
a
u
lt
in
tran
sm
i
ss
io
n
li
n
e
w
it
h
c
o
m
b
in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
w
a
v
e
let
m
u
lt
i
re
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
a
n
a
ly
sis
a
n
d
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
t
w
o
rk
s”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
sy
ste
m
,
2
0
1
7
;
8
(1
):
5
0
5
-
5
1
2
.
[1
0
]
M
.
F
.
Ha
b
b
a
n
,
M
.
M
a
n
a
p
,
A
.
R.
A
b
d
u
ll
a
h
,
M
.
H.
J
o
p
ri
,
T
.
S
u
ti
k
n
o
.
“
A
n
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
li
n
e
a
r
ti
m
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
A
n
a
l
y
sis
f
o
r
V
S
I
sw
it
c
h
f
a
u
lt
s
id
e
n
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
”
,
I
n
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tr
o
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
sy
ste
m,
2
0
1
7
;
8
(
1
):
1
-
9.
[1
1
]
S
.
A
z
i
m
i
a
n
d
M
.
V.
Am
iri
.
“
Co
n
c
u
rre
n
t
De
tec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Clas
sif
ica
t
io
n
o
f
f
a
u
lt
s
in
M
a
tri
x
Co
n
v
e
rte
r
u
sin
g
T
ra
n
s
-
c
o
n
d
u
c
tan
c
e
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
i
v
e
sy
ste
m
,
2
0
1
4
;
5
(
1
):
9
3
-
1
0
0
.
[1
2
]
S
.
Dh
a
ra
,
A
.
K.
S
h
riv
a
sta
v
,
P
.
K.
S
a
d
h
u
,
A
.
Ga
n
g
u
ly
.
“
A
f
a
u
lt
c
u
rre
n
t
li
m
it
e
r
c
ircu
it
to
im
p
ro
v
e
tra
n
sie
n
t
sta
b
il
i
ty
in
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
sy
ste
m
,
2
0
1
6
;
7
(3
)
:
7
6
9
-
7
8
0
.
[1
3
]
S
.
K.
M
ish
ra
,
L
.
N
T
rip
a
th
y
,
S
.
C
S
w
a
in
.
“
A
n
A
d
a
li
n
e
L
M
S
c
o
n
tro
l
a
n
d
DWT
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
b
a
se
d
d
iff
e
re
n
ti
a
l
re
la
y
in
g
S
TAT
COM
in
teg
ra
ted
li
n
e
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
n
tro
l
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
2
0
1
7
;
1
0
(3
7
):
2
8
1
-
2
9
6
.
[1
4
]
M
.
K.
Je
n
a
,
S
.
R.
sa
m
a
n
tra
y
,
L.
N.
tri
p
a
t
h
y
.
“
De
c
isio
n
tree
-
in
d
u
c
e
d
f
u
z
z
y
ru
le
-
b
a
se
d
d
if
fe
re
n
ti
a
l
re
la
y
in
g
f
o
r
tran
sm
issio
n
li
n
e
in
c
lu
d
in
g
u
n
if
ied
p
o
w
e
r
f
lo
w
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
a
n
d
w
in
d
-
f
a
r
m
s”
,
in
IET
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
T
ra
n
sm
issio
n
a
n
d
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
,
2
0
1
4
;
8
(1
2
):
2
1
4
4
-
2
1
5
2
.
[1
5
]
P
.
K.
Da
sh
,
S
.
R
.
S
a
m
a
n
tara
y
,
G
.
P
a
n
d
a
a
n
d
B
.
K.
P
a
n
ig
ra
h
i.
“
T
i
m
e
–
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
tran
s
f
o
r
m
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
fo
r
p
r
o
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
P
a
ra
ll
e
l
tra
n
sm
issio
n
li
n
e
s”
IET
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
T
ra
n
sm
issio
n
&
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
,
2
0
0
7
;
1
(1
)
:
3
0
-
3
8
.
[1
6
]
L
.
N.
T
rip
a
th
y
,
S
.
R
S
a
m
a
n
tra
y
,
P
.
K
Da
sh
.
“
S
p
a
rse
S
-
tran
sf
o
r
m
f
o
r
lo
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
f
a
u
lt
s
o
n
tran
sm
issio
n
li
n
e
s
o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
w
it
h
u
n
if
ied
p
o
w
e
r
f
lo
w
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r”
,
in
IE
T
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
T
ra
n
sm
issio
n
&
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
,
2
0
1
5
;
9
(1
5
):
2
1
0
8
-
2
1
1
6
.
[1
7
]
L
.
N.
T
rip
a
th
y
,
S
.
R
S
a
m
a
n
tra
y
,
P
.
K
Da
sh
.
“
A
f
a
st
ti
m
e
-
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
tran
sf
o
r
m
b
a
se
d
d
iff
e
r
e
n
ti
a
l
re
la
y
in
g
sc
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
UP
F
C
b
a
se
d
d
o
u
b
le
c
ircu
it
tran
s
m
is
sio
n
li
n
e
”
,
in
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
iu
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
P
o
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
m
,
2
0
1
6
;
7
7
(
1
):
4
0
4
-
4
1
7
.
[1
8
]
H.
A
.
D
a
r
w
is
h
,
A
.
M
.
I.
Tala
b
,
a
.
H
Os
m
a
n
,
N.
M
M
a
n
su
r,
O.
P
.
M
a
ll
ik
.
“
S
p
e
c
tra
l
e
n
e
rg
y
d
if
fer
e
n
ti
a
l
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
fo
r
tra
n
sm
issio
n
li
n
e
p
ro
tec
ti
o
n
”
,
p
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
n
P
S
CE
,
A
tl
a
n
ta:
USA
,
2
0
0
6
:
1
9
3
1
–
1
9
3
7
.
[1
9
]
L
.
N.
T
rip
a
th
y
,
M
.
K.
jen
a
,
S
.
R
S
a
m
a
n
tra
y
.
“
Di
f
fe
re
n
ti
a
l
re
la
y
in
g
sc
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
tap
p
e
d
tran
sm
issio
n
li
n
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
n
g
UP
F
C
a
n
d
w
in
d
f
a
r
m
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
Po
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
2
0
1
4
;
6
0
(2
):
2
4
5
-
2
5
7
.
[2
0
]
W
.
El
m
o
re
,
P
ro
tec
ti
v
e
Re
lay
in
g
T
h
e
o
r
y
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
se
c
o
n
d
e
d
.
,
M
a
rc
e
l
De
k
k
e
r,
In
c
.
,
Ne
w
Yo
rk
,
2
0
0
5
.
[2
1
]
M
.
Kh
e
d
e
rz
a
d
e
h
,
A
.
G
h
o
rb
a
n
i.
“
S
TAT
COM
m
o
d
e
ll
in
g
im
p
a
c
ts
o
n
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
d
ist
a
n
c
e
p
ro
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
tran
sm
is
sio
n
li
n
e
s”
,
in
E
u
ro
p
e
a
n
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
o
n
E
lec
trica
l
Po
w
e
r
,
2
0
1
1
;
2
1
(
3
):
2
0
6
3
-
2
0
7
9
.
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