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s
t
e
m
co
s
t,
s
ize,
a
n
d
s
w
itc
h
in
g
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
f
m
u
l
ti
-
lev
el
i
n
v
er
ter
h
av
e
b
r
o
ad
en
it
s
r
an
g
e
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
i
n
cl
u
d
i
n
g
u
til
it
y
-
b
ased
ap
p
licatio
n
s
;
elec
tr
ic
d
r
iv
es;
a
n
d
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
g
e
n
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
i
s
eq
u
all
y
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
s
t
h
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
less
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
,
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
l
y
s
en
s
iti
v
e
m
ed
ical
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t a
n
d
ad
j
u
s
tab
le
s
p
ee
d
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
1
]
,
[
7
]
.
Har
m
o
n
ic
eli
m
i
n
atio
n
an
d
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
ar
e
v
ita
l
in
b
o
th
in
p
u
t
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
n
o
n
l
in
ea
r
cir
cu
its
,
esp
ec
iall
y
p
o
w
er
e
lectr
o
n
ic
in
v
er
ter
s
.
Dep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
s
w
itc
h
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
(
h
ig
h
o
r
lo
w
)
,
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
elim
i
n
ate
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
in
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
class
ic
ca
r
r
ier
-
b
ased
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
p
u
l
s
e
w
id
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
P
W
M)
,
m
u
lti
-
ca
r
r
ier
P
W
M
class
if
ied
in
to
p
h
a
s
e
d
is
p
o
s
itio
n
(
P
D)
an
d
p
h
ase
o
p
p
o
s
itio
n
d
i
s
p
o
s
iti
o
n
P
W
M,
an
d
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
(
SVM)
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
lo
w
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
is
ca
te
g
o
r
ized
in
to
s
tair
ca
s
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
,
s
tep
p
ed
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
,
an
d
s
elec
tiv
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
eli
m
in
at
io
n
p
u
l
s
e
w
id
t
h
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
(
SHE
-
P
W
M)
[
7
]
.
SHE
-
P
W
M,
o
th
er
w
i
s
e
k
n
o
w
n
as
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
m
et
h
o
d
,
is
t
h
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
u
s
ed
i
n
th
is
p
ap
er
.
I
t
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
d
ir
ec
tl
y
co
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
i
n
a
n
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
d
r
asti
ca
ll
y
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
lo
s
s
e
s
,
f
ilter
s
ize,
p
r
ice,
an
d
co
m
p
lex
i
t
y
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
t
er
cir
cu
it
[
8
]
.
T
h
ese
q
u
alities
g
i
v
e
i
t
a
n
ed
g
e
o
v
er
o
th
er
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies.
I
t
s
m
aj
o
r
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
is
t
h
e
c
h
all
en
g
e
in
s
o
l
v
in
g
t
h
e
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
tr
an
s
ce
n
d
e
n
tal
eq
u
a
tio
n
s
,
w
h
ic
h
n
ee
d
to
b
e
s
o
lv
e
d
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
w
i
tch
in
g
a
n
g
le
s
.
O
w
in
g
to
th
e
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
eq
u
a
tio
n
,
iter
ativ
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
s
u
ch
as
Ne
w
to
n
–
R
ap
h
s
o
n
m
e
th
o
d
,
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
r
es
u
lta
n
t
m
eth
o
d
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
p
o
l
y
n
o
m
ial
s
,
h
o
m
o
t
o
p
y
,
an
d
o
th
er
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
s
o
lv
e
th
e
eq
u
at
io
n
s
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ch
o
ice
o
f
i
n
itial
co
n
d
itio
n
s
d
eter
m
in
e
s
t
h
e
s
o
l
u
tio
n
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
a
n
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
ti
m
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
f
ar
th
er
t
h
e
i
n
it
ial
g
u
ess
i
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ac
t
u
al
s
o
lu
t
io
n
,
th
e
m
o
r
e
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
t
i
m
e.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
tr
ig
o
n
o
m
etr
ic
ter
m
s
i
n
t
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
r
es
u
lt
i
n
m
u
lt
ip
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
co
n
v
er
g
e
at
th
e
g
lo
b
al
o
p
tim
a
[
1
0
]
.
I
n
th
is
r
eg
ar
d
,
s
ev
er
al
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
w
er
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
an
d
an
al
y
s
ed
as c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
el
y
r
e
v
ie
w
ed
b
y
J
ac
o
b
et
al.
,
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
s
o
le
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
is
p
a
p
er
is
to
g
en
er
ate
m
o
r
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
s
tep
s
w
i
th
r
ed
u
ce
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
n
ten
t
s
in
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
SHE
-
P
W
M
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
g
e
n
etic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
h
o
p
es
to
ad
d
r
e
s
s
th
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
tr
ad
e
u
p
b
etw
ee
n
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
tep
s
a
n
d
co
n
v
er
ter
cir
cu
it
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
.
E
f
f
o
r
t
w
as
m
ad
e
b
y
Kan
g
e
t
al.
,
(
2
0
0
3
)
to
ad
d
r
ess
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
m
en
t
io
n
ed
p
r
o
b
le
m
.
W
h
e
r
e
a
n
e
w
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
w
it
h
t
h
r
ee
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
m
o
d
u
le
s
i
s
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
.
E
ac
h
m
o
d
u
le
h
as
a
m
u
lti
-
win
d
in
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
w
it
h
1
:E,
1
:E,
a
n
d
1
:3
E
tu
r
n
r
atio
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
m
o
d
u
le
is
a
P
W
M
in
v
er
ter
th
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
ch
o
p
p
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
to
co
m
p
en
s
ate
f
o
r
th
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
s
tep
tr
an
s
it
i
o
n
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
w
a
v
e.
T
h
e
r
em
ain
in
g
t
w
o
m
o
d
u
les
in
v
o
lv
e
th
e
s
y
n
t
h
ese
s
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
le
v
el.
T
h
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
r
ed
u
c
es th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
less
er
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
ti
o
n
(
T
HD)
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
th
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
class
ical
to
p
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
s
o
f
th
i
s
m
eth
o
d
i
n
cl
u
d
e
lar
g
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
ize
d
u
e
to
lo
w
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
,
h
i
g
h
co
s
t,
an
d
h
i
g
h
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
n
te
n
t
at
li
g
h
t
lo
ad
[
1
2
]
.
Ou
tp
u
t
s
t
ep
s
,
ad
d
r
ess
,
an
d
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
ize
al
s
o
in
cr
ea
s
e.
A
m
o
d
if
ied
to
p
o
lo
g
y
s
i
m
ilar
t
o
th
at
m
en
tio
n
ed
ab
o
v
e
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
in
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
cir
cu
it
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
i
s
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
as
t
h
at
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
in
v
er
ter
,
d
if
f
er
in
g
o
n
l
y
i
n
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
t
u
r
n
r
atio
an
d
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
P
W
M
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
er
P
W
M
in
v
er
ter
is
o
p
e
r
ated
at
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
t
h
u
s
u
s
es
lo
w
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
w
i
th
a
1
:E
tu
r
n
r
atio
.
I
n
th
is
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
t
h
e
P
W
M
in
v
er
ter
i
s
co
n
tr
o
lled
at
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
ar
o
u
n
d
2
0
ti
m
e
s
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
a
n
d
1
:0
.
5
E
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
r
atio
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
hi
g
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
s
h
r
i
n
k
s
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
ize
o
f
t
h
e
P
W
M
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
o
f
th
i
s
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
i
s
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
s
w
itc
h
in
g
lo
s
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
h
ig
h
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
P
W
M
in
v
er
ter
,
a
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
t
h
at
af
f
ec
ts
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
w
itc
h
li
f
esp
a
n
an
d
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
te
m
ef
f
ic
ie
n
c
y
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
a
ca
s
ca
d
ed
m
u
l
ti
-
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
th
at
h
as
t
w
o
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
p
r
i
m
ar
y
w
i
n
d
in
g
s
an
d
a
s
er
ies
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
id
e
w
it
h
1
:E
an
d
1
:3
E
tu
r
n
r
atio
s
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
tu
r
n
r
atio
en
ab
les
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
to
ac
h
iev
e
m
o
r
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
s
tep
s
cl
o
s
e
to
a
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
w
it
h
o
u
t a
d
d
itio
n
al
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
w
itch
e
s
a
n
d
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
h
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
g
e
n
er
ates a
s
tab
le
n
in
e
-
lev
el
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
u
n
ct
io
n
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
en
to
b
e
r
elia
b
le
an
d
e
f
f
icie
n
t,
as
t
h
e
T
HD
is
q
u
ite
lo
w
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
o
t
h
er
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
a
n
d
T
HD
b
ased
o
n
o
u
tp
u
t
lo
ad
i
n
b
o
th
t
w
o
ca
s
e
s
ar
e
ev
a
lu
ated
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
h
a
s
le
s
s
T
HD
an
d
b
etter
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
d
u
e
to
its
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
s
elec
ti
v
el
y
eli
m
i
n
ate
t
h
e
lo
w
er
o
d
d
o
r
d
er
lo
w
er
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
.
T
h
e
r
em
ai
n
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
-
o
r
d
er
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
ar
e
eli
m
i
n
ated
u
s
i
n
g
a
s
m
all
-
s
ized
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
f
i
lter
o
r
m
iti
g
ated
b
y
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
m
a
g
n
e
tizin
g
i
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
9
-
Leve
l V
o
lta
g
e
S
o
u
r
ce
I
n
ve
r
ter C
o
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lled
Usi
n
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tive
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)
1253
2.
M
AT
E
RIAL
S AN
D
M
E
T
H
O
DS
2
.
1
.
Co
nv
er
t
er
Circ
uit
Co
nf
ig
ura
t
io
n a
nd
O
pera
t
io
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
d
ep
icts
th
e
cir
cu
it
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
t
er
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
u
s
ed
i
n
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
t
w
o
p
ar
al
lel
co
n
n
ec
ted
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
m
o
d
u
les
f
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
i
n
g
le
D
C
s
u
p
p
l
y
.
T
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
ca
n
b
e
P
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic,
W
in
d
,
li
t
h
iu
m
-
io
n
b
atter
y
o
r
e
v
en
f
u
el
ce
ll.
E
ac
h
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
u
les
h
as
f
o
u
r
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
w
itc
h
es
an
d
is
co
n
F
ig
.
d
s
u
c
h
th
at
it
ca
n
g
e
n
er
ate
a
q
u
asi
-
s
q
u
ar
e
v
o
ltag
e
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
(
+E
,
0
,
–
E
)
at
its
o
u
tp
u
t
ter
m
i
n
al.
E
is
ass
u
m
ed
to
b
e
th
e
in
p
u
t
D
C
v
al
u
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
u
n
i
t.
S1
,
S2
,
.
.
.
S8
a
r
e
th
e
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
g
ati
n
g
s
i
g
n
als.
T
er
m
1
,
T
er
m
2
,
T
er
m
3
a
n
d
T
er
m
4
ar
e
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ter
m
in
a
ls
o
f
th
e
r
esp
ec
ti
v
e
b
r
id
g
es.
T
h
e
ter
m
i
n
a
l
p
air
s
a
r
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
a
s
p
ec
iall
y
d
esi
g
n
ed
m
u
lt
i
-
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
t
h
at
h
as
s
er
ies
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
.
Gi
v
e
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
w
itc
h
es
co
u
p
led
w
it
h
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
tu
r
n
r
atio
,
a
n
i
n
e
-
le
v
el
o
u
tp
u
t
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
i
s
g
en
er
ated
at
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
er
ies
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
.
T
h
is
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
h
as a
n
a
d
d
itio
n
al
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
a
h
i
g
h
er
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
r
ed
u
n
d
an
c
y
s
tates t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
g
e
n
er
ate
d
if
f
er
en
t v
o
ltag
e
s
tep
s
w
i
t
h
th
e
s
a
m
e
cir
cu
it
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ati
o
n
an
d
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
in
f
au
l
t
-
t
o
ler
an
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
SHE
-
P
W
M
is
th
e
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
u
s
ed
to
g
en
er
ate
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
es
ar
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
s
u
c
h
t
h
at
t
h
e
lo
w
er
o
r
d
er
o
d
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ics ar
e
eli
m
i
n
ated
,
liv
i
n
g
b
e
h
in
d
t
h
e
ev
e
n
h
ar
m
o
n
i
cs,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
ca
n
ce
led
o
u
t b
ased
o
n
q
u
ar
ter
-
w
a
v
e
s
y
m
m
etr
y
t
h
e
o
r
em
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
2
.
2
.
F
un
da
m
ent
a
l
Vo
lt
a
g
e
Wa
v
ef
o
r
m
Desig
n a
nd
Sw
it
ching
Ang
le
Co
m
p
uta
t
io
ns
As
m
en
tio
n
ed
ea
r
lier
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
it
to
p
o
lo
g
y
i
s
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
g
e
n
er
atin
g
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
s
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
t
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
s
tate
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
is
p
ap
er
is
o
n
l
y
in
ter
ested
in
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ati
n
g
n
i
n
e
-
lev
el
o
u
tp
u
t
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
w
it
h
n
o
r
m
al
ized
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
M=
3
.
2
an
d
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
a
n
g
le
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
r
at
io
o
f
3
/3
/3
/3
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
o
n
an
y
k
in
d
o
f
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
p
la
y
s
a
m
aj
o
r
r
o
le
in
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
its
o
u
tp
u
t
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
[
1
4
]
.
A
s
s
tated
ea
r
lier
,
s
elec
tiv
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
eli
m
i
n
ati
o
n
is
th
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
g
en
e
r
atin
g
t
h
e
n
in
e
-
le
v
el
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e.
T
o
ac
h
ie
v
e
t
h
is
,
th
e
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
an
g
le
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
ca
r
ef
u
ll
y
s
elec
ted
s
u
c
h
t
h
at
th
e
lo
w
er
o
r
d
er
o
d
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
ar
e
eli
m
i
n
ated
.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e,
ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
a
n
o
u
tp
u
t
w
i
th
a
lo
w
er
T
HD,
also
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
elec
tr
o
-
m
a
g
n
eti
c
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
a
n
d
s
w
itc
h
in
g
lo
s
s
es c
a
u
s
ed
b
y
h
i
g
h
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
T
o
h
av
e
an
id
ea
o
n
h
o
w
th
e
a
n
g
le
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
r
atio
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
(
3
/3
/3
/
3
)
,
a
r
o
u
g
h
s
k
etc
h
o
f
t
h
e
n
i
n
e
-
lev
el
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
w
as
in
it
iall
y
m
ad
e
u
s
in
g
a
n
ar
b
itra
r
y
v
al
u
es
o
f
s
w
i
tch
in
g
a
n
g
le
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
d
ep
icts
a
r
o
u
g
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1
2
5
1
–
1
2
6
2
1254
s
k
etc
h
o
f
t
h
e
tar
g
eted
n
i
n
e
-
le
v
el
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
w
it
h
t
h
e
a
s
s
u
m
p
tio
n
th
a
t
it
o
b
e
y
s
th
e
q
u
ar
ter
-
w
av
e
s
y
m
m
etr
y
th
eo
r
e
m
; t
h
at
is
,
it
h
as 1
2
s
w
it
ch
in
g
a
n
g
le
s
(
α
1
to
α
1
2
)
p
er
q
u
ar
ter
c
y
cle
[
1
7
]
.
-
4
E
-
3
E
-
2
E
-
E
0
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
α
1
α
3
α
2
α
4
α
5
α
6
α
7
α
8
α
9
α
10
α
11
α
12
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Nin
e
L
ev
el
s
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
w
it
h
3
/3
/3
/3
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
r
at
io
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
q
u
ar
ter
t
h
eo
r
em
,
a
s
i
n
g
le
-
p
h
ase
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
w
a
v
e
ca
u
s
es
th
e
D
C
a
n
d
ev
e
n
h
ar
m
o
n
i
c
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
to
ca
n
ce
l
o
u
t,
a
n
d
o
n
l
y
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
a
n
d
o
d
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
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m
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7
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ar
m
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ated
in
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ased
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u
r
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I
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eq
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th
e
h
y
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alg
o
r
ith
m
s
p
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in
[
1
1
]
w
a
s
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s
ed
to
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n
d
t
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lu
t
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1
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s
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3
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u
r
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3
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b
s
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m
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A
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en
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ated
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e
s
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w
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Fi
g
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r
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2
.
T
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g
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w
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e
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,
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ati
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g
s
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h
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GB
T
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ee
d
s
to
b
e
g
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er
ated
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ased
o
n
th
e
ca
lc
u
la
ted
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
an
g
les.
(
a)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8
694
I
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t J
P
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w
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&
Dr
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t
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9
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No
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3
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tem
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1
2
5
1
–
1
2
6
2
1256
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Desig
n
ed
co
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ter
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er
m
in
a
l v
o
lta
g
es
(
a)
H
-
b
r
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g
e
Mo
d
u
le
1
ter
m
i
n
al
v
o
ltag
e
(
V1
)
an
d
g
ati
n
g
s
i
g
n
als.
(
b
)
H
-
b
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id
g
e
Mo
d
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le
2
ter
m
i
n
al
v
o
ltag
e
(
V2
)
an
d
g
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n
g
s
i
g
n
als.
Ma
j
o
r
ity
o
f
t
h
e
n
o
tch
e
s
co
m
e
s
f
r
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m
th
e
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ir
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t
m
o
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le
t
h
at
s
y
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h
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s
izes
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d
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ate
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e
s
tep
lev
el,
w
h
er
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s
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e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
o
d
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le
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e
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er
ates
th
e
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n
d
a
m
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A
n
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e
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l
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w
a
v
e
f
o
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m
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s
g
en
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ated
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th
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o
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d
ar
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s
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ilar
to
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e
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e
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
.
2
.
T
o
g
en
er
ate
th
e
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o
lt
ag
e
w
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o
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m
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e
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ig
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GB
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ased
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a
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s
.
T
h
e
I
GB
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s
co
n
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u
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tates
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itiv
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o
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s
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es c
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l b
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f
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t
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a
m
e
leg
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e
o
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ated
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le
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en
ta
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il
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v
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h
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c
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.
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a
b
le 1
S
e
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ted
sw
it
c
h
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c
o
m
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n
s
V
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l
t
a
g
e
S
w
i
t
c
h
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n
g
st
a
t
e
s
S
1
S
2
S
3
S
4
S
5
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6
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7
S
8
0
1
0
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0
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1
0
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1
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0
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1
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1
1
0
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
S
w
it
ching
Ang
les So
luti
o
ns
T
o
ass
ess
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
n
i
n
e
-
lev
el
m
u
lti
-
lev
el
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
v
er
ter
,
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es a
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
it to
p
o
lo
g
y
w
er
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
u
s
in
g
a
P
SIM
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
ac
k
a
g
e.
T
h
e
cir
cu
it
w
a
s
s
i
m
u
lated
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
ca
lc
u
late
d
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
an
g
les
w
i
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
i
n
d
ex
M=
3
.
2
an
d
d
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[
8
]
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[
2
1
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,
[
2
2
]
.
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th
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d
d
if
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lt
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[
2
3
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,
[
2
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]
.
Fo
r
th
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ca
s
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-
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p
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w
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p
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m
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n
tio
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to
p
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lo
g
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s
[
1
3
]
,
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
Hen
ce
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m
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.
T
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Co
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In
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ter T
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ab
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
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8
8
-
8
694
I
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t J
P
o
w
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&
Dr
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t
,
Vo
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9
,
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3
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u
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4
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f
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n
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s
,
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h
ic
h
s
atis
f
ies
th
e
3
/3
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d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
r
atio
as
s
k
e
tch
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Fi
g
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r
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2
.
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o
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t
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t
v
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ac
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o
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lo
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as th
e
s
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m
o
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o
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tr
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s
f
o
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m
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o
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0
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3
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as sh
o
w
n
in
F
ig
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r
e.
5b.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
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lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
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s
e
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s
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e
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ts
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s
till
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h
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s
e
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er
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ar
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ics
ar
e
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e
m
aj
o
r
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n
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ib
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s
to
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HD
d
u
e
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eir
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ig
h
a
m
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d
e,
as c
a
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
F
FT
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.