Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
3
,
Septem
be
r
2020
, pp.
12
9
8
~
1
30
4
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v
1
1
.i
3
.
pp
12
9
8
-
1
30
4
1298
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Develo
pm
en
t
and
analysi
s o
f
vawt
of
f
grid i
n ductin
g system
I.
H
. Hamz
ah
1
,
M
. H.
Rosla
n
2
,
A
. A.
M
alik
3
, N. W
. M.
S
aad
4
, A.
F.
A.
Rahim
5
Facul
ty
of Electr
ic
a
l
Eng
ineeri
ng
,
Univer
si
ti T
ekn
ologi
MA
RA,
C
awa
ngan
Pul
au
Pinang,
Ma
la
ysi
a
School
of Engin
ee
ring
,
Pen
ang
S
kil
ls De
v
el
opm
e
nt
Cen
tre,
Mal
ay
sia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Feb
25
, 202
0
Re
vised
A
pr
4
,
2020
Accepte
d
Apr
21
, 202
0
Horiz
ontal
Axis
Wi
nd
Turb
ine
(
HA
WT
)
had
be
e
n
widel
y
used
in
Mala
ysi
a,
howeve
r,
rese
a
r
ch
con
cl
uded
th
at
the
pow
er
pr
oduce
d
is
stil
l
l
ow
which
appr
oximately
0
.
02%
from
the
wi
nd
turbi
n
e
input
is.
Th
e
ave
r
age wind
spee
d
in
Penang
,
Ma
l
aysia
,
is
r
ec
ord
ed
be
twee
n
1.
0
m/
s
to
2
.
5
m/
s
where
by
to
produc
e
2
.
7
k
W
of
power
by
HA
WT
,
12
.
0
m/
s
of
av
era
g
e
win
d
spee
d
is
nee
ded
.
Therefo
re,
th
e
main
o
bje
c
ti
ve
in
thi
s
proj
ec
t
is
to
deve
lop
and
ana
lyse
the
suit
abi
lity
on
th
e
Vert
i
ca
l
Axis
W
i
nd
Turbi
ne
(VA
WT
)
to
b
e
used
for
power
g
ene
ra
ti
on
with
th
e
wind
spee
d
in
bet
wee
n
0
.
5
m/
s to
3
.
0
m/
s.
Ducti
ng
sys
te
m
i
s
chose
n
ra
the
r
t
han
the
open
a
ir
since
commer
ci
a
l
bui
ldi
ngs
used
He
at
Ve
nti
lation
Air
Condit
ioni
ng
(
HV
AC)
sys
te
m.
Arduino
mi
cro
cont
rol
le
r
and
L
abVIE
W
i
s
used
as
interf
ac
ed
to
se
tup
t
wo
type
s
of
sensors
tha
t is t
e
mpe
ra
ture sensor
and anemomet
er.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Du
ct
in
g
HAWT
HVAC
Power M
onit
ori
ng
VAWT
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Irni H
a
miza
Hamz
ah,
Faculty
of Elec
tric
al
Engineer
ing
,
Un
i
ver
sit
i Te
knol
og
i
MARA
,
Cawa
ng
a
n Pul
au
Pi
nang,
13500, Pe
rmat
ang Pa
uh, Mal
aysia.
Emai
l:
irn
iha
m
i@uit
m.e
du.m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Re
new
a
ble
e
ne
rgy
acc
umula
te
d
f
rom
ren
e
wab
le
source
s
su
c
h
as
da
ylig
ht,
wind,
rain
,
ti
des,
wav
es
,
and
ge
oth
e
rma
l
heat.
Re
ne
wa
ble
ene
r
gy
is
c
onve
rting
nat
ural
phe
nomen
on
int
o
el
ect
rica
l
energ
y
[
1].
Ther
e
are
man
y
ty
pes
of
re
new
a
ble
energ
y
a
rou
nd
the
ea
rth
su
c
h
as
f
rom
sun
[
2],
wind
[
3],
bi
oma
ss
[
4]
an
d
bi
og
as
[5].
Re
ne
wa
ble
ene
r
gy
oft
e
n
pro
vid
es
power
in
4
esse
ntial
re
gions:
energ
y
ge
ner
a
ti
on
,
ai
r
an
d
wate
r
heati
ng
/c
ooli
ng,
tra
nsporta
ti
on,
a
nd
rural
(
off
-
gri
d)
ene
rgy
serv
ic
es
[6].
Win
d
po
wer
ha
s
bec
om
e
on
e
of
th
e
fastest
emer
ging
re
new
a
ble
en
ergy
te
ch
nolo
gi
es
fo
r
el
ect
rici
ty
ge
ner
at
io
n,
and
t
he
total
in
sta
ll
ed
capaci
ty
has
reache
d
487
G
W
(a
bout
4%
of
t
he
global
e
le
ct
rici
ty)
by
t
he
e
nd
of
2016
[
7].
In
M
al
a
ys
ia
,
horizo
nta
l
axis
wind
tu
r
bin
e
i
s
wi
dely
im
pl
emented
in
Ma
la
ys
ia
but
S
ust
ai
nab
le
E
nergy
De
velo
pme
nt
A
utho
rity
(
SEDA)
sti
ll
no
t
declar
e
wind
as
re
ne
wab
le
e
ne
rgy
[
8].
Wi
nd
ene
r
gy
is
sti
ll
no
t
pr
act
ic
al
beca
use
base
d
on
pr
evio
us
study
by
A.
R
.
N.
Ra
zl
ia
na
i
n
2012
[
9],
the
powe
r
harvested
us
in
g
wind
e
ne
rgy
is
ar
o
und
in
50
W
w
hich
is
low
and
the
po
wer
pro
duced
wa
s
not
c
on
sta
nt
i
n
ti
me.
The
n,
from
previ
ou
s
researc
h
by
J
.
Ahmadia
n
et
a
l.
[
10]
wh
ic
h
wa
s
car
ried
ou
t
in
K
ua
la
Tereng
ganu
H
or
iz
onta
l
Ax
is
Win
d
T
urbi
ne
(
HAWT
)
of
t
he
in
pu
t
powe
r
2MW
only
abl
e
to
pro
du
ce
3.
5
k
W
outp
ut
powe
r.
He
nce,
this
pr
ov
e
d
t
hat
H
AWT
is
no
t
pr
act
ic
al
an
d
t
he
best
so
luti
on
to
be
i
mp
le
me
nted
i
n
M
al
ay
sia
.
T
he
refor
e
,
f
ur
t
her
study
needs
to
be
done
to
fin
d
the
be
st
meth
od
t
o
be
im
pleme
nted
in
M
al
aysia.
Win
d
e
nergy
is
of
the
best
ren
e
wa
ble
ene
rgy
du
e
to
c
ost
reducti
on
of
wi
nd
po
wer
ge
ner
at
io
n,
impro
veme
nt
of
the
us
e
d
te
chnolo
gy
a
nd
equ
i
pm
e
nt
reli
abili
ty
[
11].
T
wo
ty
pes
of
th
e
m
os
t
po
pu
la
r
wind
tur
bin
es
a
re
Fi
xed
Sp
ee
d
Wind
T
urbi
ne
(FSWT
)
an
d
Vari
able
Sp
ee
d
W
ind
T
urbine
(
V
SWT
)
[
12].
Ba
sic
al
ly,
FSWT
in
wind
tur
bin
e
co
ns
is
ts
of
2
ty
pes
th
at
are
Horizo
ntal
Ax
is
Wi
nd
Turbine
(
H
A
WT)
an
d
Ve
rtic
al
Ax
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Develo
pm
e
nt
and a
naly
sis of
vawt off
gr
i
d
i
n du
ct
in
g syst
em
(
I
. H.
H
am
z
ah
)
1299
Win
d
T
urbi
ne
(
VAWT
)
[13
].
Ver
ti
cal
Axis
Win
d
Tu
r
bin
e
(VA
WT)
i
s
oper
at
ing
in
pe
rp
e
ndic
ular
to
t
he
directi
ons
of
w
ind
a
nd
gro
und
[
14].
VAWT
is
able
of
acce
ptin
g
wind
f
r
om
an
y
directi
on.
A
main
difference
betwee
n
HAW
T
an
d
V
AWT
is
V
AW
T
does
not
ne
ed
the
Yaw
s
ys
te
m
t
o
captu
re
t
he
wi
nd
[
15].
Ve
rtic
al
axis
of
ro
ta
ti
on
wi
ll
be
fo
c
us
e
d
in
this
resea
rc
h.
Ver
ti
cal
axi
s
wind
tu
rb
i
ne
is
cho
se
n
in
this
project
a
s
the
method
ology
t
o
be
i
nv
e
sti
gated
due to its a
ppli
cat
ion
to be
impleme
nted
i
n
Heat
Ven
ti
la
ti
on
Air
Co
ndit
ion
i
ng
(HVA
C
)
duct
ing
s
ys
te
m
w
hi
ch
is
instal
le
d
inside
the
buil
dings.
S
ha
h
et
.
al
.
[
16]
i
n
his
researc
h
cl
ai
med
t
hat
VAWT
is relat
ively sim
ple to
impleme
nt in
u
r
ba
n
area
s
on
gro
und or
/a
nd
bu
il
di
ng
-
r
oofs
.
Heat
Ven
ti
la
ti
on
Air
C
onditi
on
i
ng
(
H
VA
C
)
duct
in
g
s
ys
te
m
is
ai
r
distrib
ution
in
the
bu
i
lding
s
uch
as
mall
,
hote
l
a
nd
et
c.
T
he
f
unct
ion
of
this
s
ys
te
m
is
to
c
ontr
ol
the
te
m
pe
ratur
e
a
nd
ve
ntil
at
ion
[17].
Win
d
tur
b
ine
is
a
pp
l
ying
insi
de
the
HVAC
du
ct
in
g
s
ys
te
m
a
nd
powe
r
ma
na
ge
ment
s
ys
te
m,
f
rom
ai
r
pr
ess
ur
e
in
the
du
ct
in
g
syst
em
in
directl
y
c
an
be
harveste
d
a
nd
sto
re
ene
rgy
[18
].
H
VA
C
is
c
ho
se
n
due
to
the
tu
rb
i
nes
work
best
in
e
nvir
onme
nts
wit
h
st
ron
g
an
d
c
onsi
ste
nt
w
in
ds
[
19]
.
T
he
c
on
ce
pt
is
same
t
hat
ai
r
fl
ow
c
r
os
s
es
the
earth
s
urface
will
ha
ve
pro
duced
kin
et
ic
an
d
co
nve
rt
to
el
ect
rica
l
ene
rgy
[
20]
.
HVAC
syst
em
i
n
comme
rcial
iz
e
buil
dings
can
operate
m
or
e
tha
n
12
ho
urs
an
d
24
hour
s
f
or
s
hoppin
g
co
mp
le
x
a
nd
hote
l
resp
e
ct
ivel
y
[
21]
.
T
he
press
ure
in
side
the
H
VA
C
syst
em
i
s
co
me
from
bl
ow
e
rs
by
th
e
du
ct
in
g
syst
em
[
22].
M
ea
nwhile
,
in
domesti
c
buil
ding
the
e
ne
rgy
that
is
harve
ste
d
in
t
hroug
h
duct
ing
sy
ste
m
able
to
pro
duce
the
const
ant
po
we
r
[
23].
This
i
s
beca
us
e
the
blower
ca
n
gen
e
rate
ai
r
f
low
th
r
ough
the
duct
in
g
s
yst
em
con
ti
nu
ously.
Air
press
ur
e
i
n
du
ct
in
g
s
ys
te
m
de
pend
on
t
he
ty
pes
of
the
facil
it
y,
norm
al
ly
produce
be
tween
1000
c
fm
-
15000
cf
m.
T
he
be
nef
it
s
us
in
g
duct
ing
s
ys
te
m
is
it
can
produ
ce
the
powe
r
c
on
sist
e
ntly
a
nd
in
a
longer
ti
me
pe
rio
d.
T
her
e
f
or
e
,
the
a
pp
li
cat
io
n
on
t
he
e
xisti
ng
eq
uipment
i
n
bu
il
di
ng,
w
hi
ch
is
HVAC
duct
ing
sy
ste
m
is
pro
pose
d
in
this
project
by
ap
plica
ti
on
of
VAW
T
as
a
ne
w
re
new
a
ble
e
nerg
y
ha
r
vestin
g
m
et
hod.
The
pe
rforman
ce
on
the
outp
ut
vo
lt
age
will
be
meas
ur
e
d
by
os
ci
ll
os
c
op
e
at
the
t
hr
ee
ph
ase
ge
ne
rato
r
l
ocate
d
near t
o
t
he VA
WT.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
Four
wi
nd
tu
r
bin
es
are
use
d
in
t
his
projec
t
in
wh
ic
h
eac
h
wind
t
urbin
e
is
500W
loc
at
ed
in
the
du
ct
in
g
s
ys
te
m.
Ardu
i
no
U
no
is
us
e
d
as
the
inter
face
w
it
h
A
ne
m
om
et
er
an
d
T
em
perat
ur
e
se
nsor
.
Data
on
sp
ee
d
ai
r
an
d
te
mp
erat
ur
e
w
ere
colle
ct
ed
a
nd
sa
ve
d
to
th
e
LabV
ie
w.
P
ower
s
uppl
y
to
the
Ard
uino
is
12V.
Each
of Ar
du
i
no is sett
ing i
n diff
e
re
nt p
a
ra
mete
rs.
Fig
ur
e
1
s
hows
the
wi
nd tu
rb
i
ne of
f
-
gr
i
d
s
ys
te
m.
Figure
1. Bl
oc
k diag
ram of
c
on
t
ro
l a
nd m
on
it
or
in
g
s
ys
te
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
12
9
8
–
1
30
4
1300
Ardu
i
no
receiv
ed
t
he
ou
t
pu
t
s
ens
or
in
a
nalo
g
si
gn
al
f
orm.
Wh
e
ne
ver
the
sens
or
detect
s
any
c
hang
e
on
the
par
ame
te
r,
th
e
si
gn
al
will
be
sent
to
the
A
rduin
o.
Tempe
ratu
re
s
ens
or
us
e
d
is
LM35
as
sho
wn
in
Figure
2,
ane
mo
mete
r
us
e
d
is
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
gure
3
a
nd
cu
r
ren
t
se
ns
or
us
e
d
is
ACS
758
a
s
show
n
in
Fi
gure
4.
Ardu
i
no
co
ns
i
sts
of
A
DC
co
nv
e
rter
t
hat
co
nv
e
rt
the
si
gn
a
l
fr
om
a
nalo
g
to
di
gital
since
the
sen
sor
se
nt
th
e
sign
al
in
anal
og
form
.
Lab
Vi
ew
does
not
c
onsis
ts
AD
C
c
onve
rter
beca
use
it
can
locat
e
the
ou
t
pu
t
volt
age
i
n
the
se
ns
or
me
chan
ic
al
ly
.
La
bV
ie
w
will
re
cei
ved
the
outpu
t
volt
age
a
nd
im
mediat
el
y
sent
t
o
t
he
L
abV
ie
w
M
a
kerhub.
Figure
2. L
M
35 inte
rf
ace
w
it
h
the
Ar
du
i
no
Figure
3. A
ne
mo
mete
r
inte
rfac
e
with
A
rdui
no
Figure
4. ACS
758
i
nterf
ac
e
with
Ard
uino
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Develo
pm
e
nt
and a
naly
sis of
vawt off
gr
i
d
i
n du
ct
in
g syst
em
(
I
. H.
H
am
z
ah
)
1301
3.
RESU
LT
S
AND DI
SCUS
S
ION
Figure
5
sho
w
s
the
grap
h
f
or
ai
r
velocit
y
in
pu
t
sp
ee
d
at
th
e
ai
r
blower
ve
rsu
s
the
ai
r
vel
ocity
ouput
at
the w
i
nd tu
r
bin
e.
T
he
a
ne
mo
mete
r
se
nso
r has
been loca
te
d
at
one
of
th
e VAW
T as
show
n
i
n
Fi
gure
6.
Figure
5. Air
vel
ocity out
pu
t
on air
blower
a
nd w
i
nd tu
rb
i
ne
Figure
6. Locat
ion
of se
nsors
at
the VA
WT bla
de
Figure
7
r
eflec
ts
the
val
ue
on
the
te
m
per
at
ure
inside
t
he
duct
ing
s
ys
te
m
from
min
ute
1
unti
l
minu
t
e
10.
It
s
how
s
t
hat
th
e
value
on
the
te
m
pera
ture
insid
e
t
he
duct
in
g
syst
em
is
not
c
onst
ant
du
e
t
o
t
he
fr
ic
ti
on
pro
du
ce
d
bet
w
een
the
ai
r
pre
ssu
re
a
nd
t
he
wind
t
urbine
.
I
t
is
im
portant
t
o
m
on
it
or
the
te
mp
e
rature
i
nsi
de
t
he
du
ct
in
g
sy
ste
m
since
it
ca
n
in
flue
nce
the
sta
bili
ty
on
th
e
el
ect
ronics
pa
rt
of
ge
ner
at
or,
c
able
wi
rin
g,
c
onve
rter
et
c.
Locati
on
of
L
M
35 tem
per
at
ur
e
sens
or
,
a
nem
ome
te
r
a
nd A
C
S 75
8
current
sens
or
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
12
9
8
–
1
30
4
1302
Figure
7. Tem
per
at
ur
e i
ns
ide
the
du
ct
in
g sy
ste
m
Figure
8
i
nd
ic
at
es
the
ou
t
pu
t
volt
age
pro
duced
by
wi
nd
t
urbine
at
each
le
vel
of
ai
r
velocit
y
in
pu
t.
The
meas
ur
e
m
ent
had
bee
n
done
at
th
ree
ph
ase
ge
ne
rator
l
ocated
nea
r
t
he
V
AWT
i
nd
ic
at
ed
by
Live
1
(L
1),
Live
2(L
2)
a
nd
Live
3
(L3)
as
show
n
in
Figure
9.
T
hese
exp
e
rime
nts
ar
e
c
onduct
ed
ba
sed
on
t
he
re
search
carried
out
by
Leo
w
et
.
al
.
th
at
wind
sp
ee
d
do
e
s
ha
ve
th
e
infl
uen
ce
on
th
e
perf
or
ma
nce
of
phot
ovoltai
c
pane
l
[24].
Fi
gure
8
sh
ows
t
hat
at
le
vel
3
i
n
wh
ic
h
the
ai
r
vel
oc
it
y
input
of
ai
r
blower
is
3.5
m/s,
the
maxi
mu
m
ou
t
pu
t
vol
ta
ge
pro
duced
f
or
al
l
L1,
L2
an
d
L3
.
T
his
in
di
cat
es
that
the
ou
t
pu
t
volt
age
pro
duced
doe
s
not
necessa
rily
ma
ximum
w
he
n
t
he
ai
r
vel
ocity
is
at
ma
xim
um
s
pee
d.
T
his
is
belie
ve
d
due
t
o
cut
-
out
sp
ee
d
ph
e
nome
na
i
n
w
hich
a
s
the
sp
ee
d
i
ncr
eas
es
ab
ove
the
r
at
e
ou
t
p
ut
wi
nd
s
pee
d,
t
he
f
or
ces
on
t
he
t
urbine
structu
re
c
on
ti
nu
e
t
o
rise
a
nd,
at
s
om
e
point,
the
re
is
a
r
isk
of
dama
ge
to
the
ro
t
or
.
As
a
resu
lt
,
a
br
a
king
sy
ste
m is
em
plo
ye
d
t
o br
i
ng the
ro
t
or
t
o
a
sta
ndsti
ll
[
25]. I
n
this
pro
je
ct
,
the c
ut
-
ou
t s
pee
d occu
rs
at
3.5
m/s.
Figure
8. O
utput v
oltage
pro
duced
by win
d
t
urbine
at eac
h l
evel s
peed o
f
a
ir b
l
ow
e
r
F
or L
ive 1, Li
ve 2 a
nd
Live
3
Figure
9. Locat
ion
of T
hr
ee
P
hase
Ge
ner
at
or
VAW
T
Three
pha
se
generato
r in
wh
i
ch
t
he re
a
ding of
Live
1
,
Liv
e 2
a
nd Li
ve
3
tak
en
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Develo
pm
e
nt
and a
naly
sis of
vawt off
gr
i
d
i
n du
ct
in
g syst
em
(
I
. H.
H
am
z
ah
)
1303
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
pap
e
r
pr
e
sents
the
de
vel
opment
on
fou
r
wi
nd
tu
rb
i
ne
s
in
wh
ic
h
eac
h
wind
tu
r
bin
e
is
50
0W
of
powe
r
an
d
l
oc
at
ed
in
th
e
du
ct
ing
s
ys
te
m.
An
al
ys
is
on
da
ta
ta
ken
wh
ic
h
is
te
m
per
at
ure,
ai
r
velo
ci
ty
a
nd
vo
lt
age
ha
ve
be
en
do
ne
us
in
g
V
A
WT
locat
ed
insi
de
the
duct
ing
sy
ste
m.
It
was
obser
ve
d
that
mi
nim
um
ai
r
velocit
y
s
pee
d neede
d wh
ic
h was onl
y
1.8
m
/s t
o
ge
ner
at
e a
n
ave
ra
ge
volt
age of 133V.
W
it
h
this minim
um ai
r
velocit
y
i
nput
sp
ee
d
ai
r
blow
er
of
1.8m/s,
t
he
ai
r
velocit
y
ouput
at
the
wind
tu
rb
i
ne
will
be
1.7
m/s.
The
aver
a
ge
te
m
pe
r
at
ur
e i
n du
ct
in
g
s
ys
te
m i
n 10
minu
te
s
is 16.
73
C.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
This
w
ork
is
sp
ons
or
e
d
by
the
M
i
nistry
of
Hi
gh
e
r
E
du
c
at
ion
(
MOH
E)
fun
d
f
rom
F
undame
ntal
Re
search
G
ra
nt
Sc
heme
(FR
GS
)
with
re
fer
e
nce
no
F
RGS/1/
2018/TK0
4/
UiTM/
02/3
5
a
nd
U
ni
ver
sit
i
Tek
no
l
og
i
MARA
(
UiTM)
Ca
wanga
n
P
ul
au
Pi
na
ng
wit
h
fili
ng
no
60
0
-
IRMI/FR
G
S
5/3
(
156/
2019)
.
T
he
fina
ncial
sup
port is grat
ef
ully
apprecia
te
d.
REFERE
NCE
S
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n
wind
ene
r
gy
exp
loi
t
at
i
on
sys
te
ms:
Beha
v
iour
under
multidi
re
ctional
flo
w
condi
ti
ons
—
opportuni
ties
a
nd
cha
l
le
ng
es.
"
Re
n
ewabl
e
an
d
Sustainabl
e
Ener
gy
Revi
ews
,
vol
.
24
,
pp
.
364
-
37
8,
2013
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[20]
S.
Mekhilef,
an
d
D.
Ch
andr
ase
gar
an,
“Ass
essment
of
off
-
shore
wind
f
arm
s
in
Mala
ysia
,
”
IE
E
E
2011
TENCON
Confe
renc
e
,
201
1.
[21]
S.
Ozde
mi
r and
G.
Sahin,
“Mul
ti
-
cri
t
eri
a
d
ecision
-
ma
king
in the
l
oca
t
ion
select
ion
for
a
solar
PV
power
pl
ant
using
AH
P,”
Me
as. J.
Int.
M
eas.
Con
fed.
,
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IS
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N
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t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
12
9
8
–
1
30
4
1304
[22]
S.
B.
Qa
ma
r
an
d
I.
Jan
aj
r
eh,
“
Numer
ical
inv
esti
gation
of
solid
it
y
for
cambe
r
e
d
Darri
eus
VA
WT
s:
Analysis
of
chor
d
l
engt
h
,
”
P
roc.
2016
Int. Re
new.
Susta
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n
ergy
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RS
EC
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1
–
905,
2017
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[23]
Xiaol
i
Ta
ng
,
X
ia
nghong
Wa
ng
,
Rober
t
Ca
tt
l
e
y,
Fengshou
G
u,
and
Andrew
D.
Ba
ll
,
“
Energy
Harve
sting
Te
chno
logi
es
fo
r
Achie
ving
Se
lf
-
Pow
ere
d
W
ir
el
ess
Sensor
Networks
in
Ma
chi
ne
Cond
it
ion
Monitori
ng:
A
Revi
ew,”
S
enso
rs
(Base
l)
.
vol
.
18
,
no
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12
,
pp
.
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3
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Z
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Le
ow
,
Y
.
M.
Irwan
,
M
.
Ir
wanto,
A.R.
Am
el
i
a
and
I.
Safwa
ti
,
“In
f
lue
n
ce
of
wind
spee
d
on
t
he
p
erf
orm
anc
e
of
photovol
taic
pa
nel
,
”
Indon
esia
n
Journal
of
E
le
c
tric
al
Engi
n
e
ering
and
Computer
Sc
ie
n
ce
,
vol
.
15
,
no
.
1,
pp.
60
-
68
,
2019
.
[25]
S.
Chatinderpal,
“Va
ri
able
Spee
d
Wi
nd
Turbi
n
e
,
”
In
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rnationa
l
Journal
of
Enginee
ring
S
ci
en
ce
and
Ad
vance
d
Technol
ogy
,
vo
l. 2, no. 3, pp. 652
-
656,
2012
.
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Irni
Hamiza
Ha
mz
ah
w
as
born
i
n
Mac
hang
,
Kel
ant
an
on
6th
De
ce
mb
er
1974.
She
obtained
h
er
B.
Eng
(Hons
)
i
n
Elec
tri
c
al
and
El
e
ct
roni
c
Enginee
ring
in
1998,
MS
c.
Elec
tron
i
cs
Sys
te
m
and
Design
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
in
2005
and
PhD
in
BioME
Ms
Sensors
in
2013,
which
all
h
ad
be
en
obt
ai
ned
from
Schoo
l
of
of
E
lectr
i
ca
l
an
d
E
le
c
tronic
En
gine
er
ing,
Univ
ersit
i
Sains
Mal
aysia
,
Ma
la
ysia
.
She
is
cur
ren
t
ly
a
Senior
L
ec
tur
er
in
E
le
c
tronic
Engi
ne
eri
ng
De
par
tment,
Fa
cul
t
y
of
El
e
ct
ri
cal
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
U
nive
rsiti
T
eknologi
MA
RA,
Pe
nang
Bran
ch
C
am
pus,
M
al
aysi
a.
Her
r
ese
ar
ch
int
er
ests
include
Biosensors,
B
i
oMEMs
,
Neura
l
Networks
and
Rene
wabl
e
Ene
r
gy.
She
is
a
reg
iste
r
ed
Bo
ard
of
Eng
ineers Mal
aysi
a
(BEM)
Profess
iona
l Engi
nee
r.
Muhamm
ad
Haz
me
B
in
Roslan
was
born
in
Buk
it
Mer
ta
j
am,
Pul
au
Pinang
on
26
th
Ap
ril
1995.
He
obtained
his
Diplom
a
in
Elec
tri
c
al
Engi
n
ee
rin
g
(Elec
troni
c)
a
t
UiTM
Pasir
Gu
dang,
Johor
in
2015.
H
e
g
rad
u
at
ed
fro
m
Ui
T
M
Pulau
Pinan
g
in
Augus
t
20
19
m
aj
oring
B
.
Eng
(Hons
)
in
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
and
E
l
ec
tron
ic
Engi
n
eering
for
the
spec
ia
liza
ti
on
in
Po
wer
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
disci
p
li
ne
.
His
Final
Yea
r
Proje
ct
foc
us
ed
on
th
e
dev
el
opm
ent
v
ert
i
ca
l
axi
s
wind
turbi
ne
off
-
grid
using
power
moni
tori
ng
in
he
at
ven
ti
l
at
io
n
a
ir
conditioning
duc
ti
ng
sys
te
m
and
an
al
ysis
on
th
e
ou
tput
cur
ren
t
,
t
em
per
a
ture
and
ai
r
ve
l
oci
ty
fro
m
ver
t
i
ca
l
axi
s
wind
tu
rbine
in
HV
AC
duct
ing
sys
te
m
envi
ronm
ent
.
H
is
cur
r
ent
r
ese
a
rch
int
e
rests
in
cl
ude
power
sy
stem
,
power
qu
al
it
y
analysis,
har
dware
trouble
shooting
and
de
bugging.
Azma
n
Ab
Malik
Azma
n
Ab
Mali
k
was
born
in
Mela
ka
on
12
Octobe
r
2018
.
He
obta
in
ed
his
Diplom
a
in
El
e
ct
roni
c
Technol
ogy
from
KK
T
M
Pasir
Mas
i
n
2007,
B
ac
h
elor
in
El
e
ct
r
ic
a
l
Engi
ne
eri
ng
and
Technol
ogy
fro
m
UN
IKL
BMI,
Master
in
E
lectr
i
ca
l
and
Elec
tronic
Eng
ineeri
ng
from
US
M
and
Phd
in
Elec
tri
c
a
l
Engi
ne
eri
ng
fr
om
UITM.
His
int
er
est
in
innov
at
ion
towar
ds
el
e
ct
ri
ca
l
and
elec
tron
ic
and
cro
ss
mul
ti
-
disc
ipl
i
nar
y
ar
ea
to
id
e
nti
fy
a
new
mod
el
or
me
thod
in
engi
ne
eri
ng.
His
rese
arc
h
in
te
r
e
st
include
e
lectr
ic
a
l
power
,
power
sys
tem,
ren
e
wable
energy,
hybrid
sys
te
m,
e
mbe
dded
sys
tem
,
wire
l
ess
po
wer
tra
nsfer
and
en
erg
y
storage.
He
is
cur
ren
t
ly
a
Senior
Lectu
r
er
in
School
of
E
ngine
er
ing,
Pen
ang
Skill
Dev
elopment
C
ent
re
,
Pulau
Pinang,
Mala
ysia
.
NU
RUL
WAHIDA
BINTI
M
SA
AD
@M
D
SAAD
has
bee
n
in
volve
d
in
t
eachi
ng
and
training
for
more
tha
n
4
yea
rs
in
P
en
ang
Skill
s
Deve
lop
m
ent
Cen
tre
(PS
D
C).
Aca
d
em
i
call
y,
she
holds
a
Master
of
Sci
enc
e
Com
munication
Engi
ne
e
ring
and
Ba
ch
el
or
of
Eng
in
ee
ring
(Hons
)
(Comm
unicat
ion
)
from
Int
ern
ati
onal
Isla
mi
c
Univer
sity
Ma
la
ysi
a.
Aft
er
gra
du
at
i
on,
she
joi
n
ed
the
educat
ion
w
orl
d
and
gai
n
ed
exp
erienc
e
in
t
ea
ch
ing
and
tr
aining
espe
cial
ly
in
El
e
ct
roni
c,
Signal
and
Sys
tems,
Dig
it
a
l
Elec
t
ronic
s
and
Digital
Signal
Proc
essing.
She
is
cur
r
ent
ly
pursuing
her
study
at
Doctor
a
te
l
evel
in
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Engi
n
ee
ring
at
Univ
er
sity
Technol
ogy
Mara
(UiTM).
Her
rese
a
rch
intere
st
inc
lud
es
wi
rel
ess
power
,
re
newa
ble
en
erg
y
,
wave
prop
aga
t
i
on
and
wir
el
ess
com
munica
ti
ons
.
Alhan
Farha
n
ah
Abd
Rah
im
o
bta
in
ed
h
er
B
.
Eng
Hons
in
El
e
ct
roni
cs
Eng
ine
er
ing
fro
m
Univer
sity
of
So
utha
mpt
on
in
19
98,
MS
c
and
Ph
D
in
So
li
d
Sta
te
Phys
ic
s
from
U
nive
rsiti
Sains
Mala
ysia
in
20
03
and
2014
re
spec
ti
v
el
y.
She
is
cur
r
ent
ly
sen
ior
l
ecture
r
a
t
t
he
Fa
cul
ty
of
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Engi
n
ee
ring
,
Univer
si
ti
Te
kno
logi
M
ARA
,
Mal
aysia
.
Her
rese
arc
h
i
nte
rests
ar
e
in
synthesiz
ing
an
d
fab
r
icati
ng
ad
van
ce
se
mi
cond
uct
or
mater
ia
ls
(group
IV,
III
-
V))
and
dev
ices
uti
lizing
low
co
st
technique
s
.
Her
PhD
rese
ar
ch
work
ent
i
tt
l
e
:
Studie
s
of
Ge
nanostructure
s
Studie
s
of
Si
a
nd
Ge
N
anostru
ct
ure
s
Synthesized
By
Elec
trochem
i
ca
l
and
Pl
asma
As
sisted
Te
chn
ique
s
For
Sens
ing
Appl
i
ca
t
ions.
She
is
aut
hor
and
co
-
aut
hor
of
ov
er
20
sc
ie
nt
ific
publi
c
at
ions
in
t
his
fie
ld
.
She
is
a
co
mpa
nion
member
of
Instit
u
te
of
Engi
n
ee
r’s
Mala
ysia
(IE
M)
and
a
reg
iste
r
ed Board
of Engin
e
ers
Mala
ysi
a
(B
EM)
Profess
ional
Eng
ine
er
.
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